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Li M, Sun W, Tyurin VA, DeLucia M, Ahn J, Kagan VE, van der Wel PCA. Activation of Cytochrome C Peroxidase Function Through Coordinated Foldon Loop Dynamics upon Interaction with Anionic Lipids. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167057. [PMID: 34033821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial anionic lipid that plays important roles in the regulation and signaling of mitochondrial apoptosis. CL peroxidation catalyzed by the assembly of CL-cytochrome c (cyt c) complexes at the inner mitochondrial membrane is a critical checkpoint. The structural changes in the protein, associated with peroxidase activation by CL and different anionic lipids, are not known at a molecular level. To better understand these peripheral protein-lipid interactions, we compare how phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and CL lipids trigger cyt c peroxidase activation, and correlate functional differences to structural and motional changes in membrane-associated cyt c. Structural and motional studies of the bound protein are enabled by magic angle spinning solid state NMR spectroscopy, while lipid peroxidase activity is assayed by mass spectrometry. PG binding results in a surface-bound state that preserves a nativelike fold, which nonetheless allows for significant peroxidase activity, though at a lower level than binding its native substrate CL. Lipid-specific differences in peroxidase activation are found to correlate to corresponding differences in lipid-induced protein mobility, affecting specific protein segments. The dynamics of omega loops C and D are upregulated by CL binding, in a way that is remarkably controlled by the protein:lipid stoichiometry. In contrast to complete chemical denaturation, membrane-induced protein destabilization reflects a destabilization of select cyt c foldons, while the energetically most stable helices are preserved. Our studies illuminate the interplay of protein and lipid dynamics in the creation of lipid peroxidase-active proteolipid complexes implicated in early stages of mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wanyang Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maria DeLucia
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Dos Santos MC, Scaini JLR, Lopes MVC, Rodrigues BG, Silva NO, Borges CRL, Dos Santos SC, Dos Santos Machado K, Werhli AV, da Silva PEA, Lourenço MCS, da Silva ET, de Souza MVN, de Lima VR, Gonçalves RSB. Mefloquine synergism with anti-tuberculosis drugs and correlation to membrane effects: Biologic, spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulations studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104786. [PMID: 33740676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies displaying the combination of mefloquine (MFL) with anti-tuberculosis (TB) substances are limited in the literature. In this work, the effect of MFL-association with two first-line anti-TB drugs and six fluoroquinolones was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistant strains. MFL showed synergistic interaction with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and several fluoroquinolones, reaching fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) ranging from 0.03 to 0.5. In order to better understand the observed results, two approaches have been explored: (i) spectroscopic responses attributed to the effect of MFL on physicochemical properties related to a liposomal membrane model composed by soybean asolectin; (ii) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data regarding MFL interaction with a membrane model based on PIM2, a lipid constituent of the mycobacterial cell wall. FTIR and NMR data showed that MFL affects expressively the region between the phosphate and the first methylene groups of soybean asolectin membranes, disordering these regions. MD simulations results detected high MFL density in the glycolipid interface and showed that the drug increases the membrane lateral diffusion, enhancing its permeability. The obtained results suggest that synergistic activities related to MFL are attributed to its effect of lipid disorder and membrane permeability enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinalva Cardoso Dos Santos
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - João Luís Rheingantz Scaini
- COMBI-Lab, Grupo de Biologia Computacional, Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinicius Costa Lopes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Nichole Osti Silva
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Lopes Borges
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cruz Dos Santos
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Dos Santos Machado
- COMBI-Lab, Grupo de Biologia Computacional, Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Velasque Werhli
- COMBI-Lab, Grupo de Biologia Computacional, Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria C S Lourenço
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínica Evandro Chagas-IPEC, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emerson T da Silva
- FioCruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus V N de Souza
- FioCruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vânia Rodrigues de Lima
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Raoni Schroeder B Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
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3
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Karas JA, Keizer DW, Sani MA. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Peptide FRANCESSEPAROVIC. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As an eminent ambassador of STEM and renowned NMR spectroscopist, Frances Separovic is an internationally famous name, but could it also be a valuable membrane-active peptide sequence? Her name has been used as an amino acid sequence (FS), successfully synthesised, oxidised, and put into contact with membrane models to investigate any serendipitous activity. The 3D structure of the cyclic FS was determined in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by solution NMR spectroscopy. FS displayed a twisted bend separating a helical stretch and an unstructured segment. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, the effect of FS on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DMPS) lipid bilayers was studied. FS did not strongly disturb the neutral membrane surface but likely inserted into their hydrophobic core without a strong effect on the lipid dynamics, while perturbation of the negatively charged membranes remained at the headgroup interface with a strong effect on the lipid dynamics. This study demonstrated that FS is a candidate for discovering potential future therapeutic activities.
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de Azambuja Borges CRL, Silva NO, Rodrigues MR, Germani Marinho MA, de Oliveira FS, Cassiana M, Horn AP, Parize AL, Flores DC, Clementin RM, de Lima VR. Dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine/genistein molecular interactions: A physico-chemical approach to anti-glioma drug delivery systems. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Kozorog M, Sani M, Separovic F, Anderluh G. Listeriolysin O Binding Affects Cholesterol and Phospholipid Acyl Chain Dynamics in Fluid Cholesterol‐Rich Bilayers. Chemistry 2018; 24:14220-14225. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirijam Kozorog
- Department of Molecular Biology and NanobiotechnologyNational Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marc‐Antoine Sani
- School of ChemistryBio21 InstituteThe University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of ChemistryBio21 InstituteThe University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and NanobiotechnologyNational Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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6
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Interaction of N-terminal peptide analogues of the Na+,K+-ATPase with membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Dingeldein APG, Pokorná Š, Lidman M, Sparrman T, Šachl R, Hof M, Gröbner G. Apoptotic Bax at Oxidatively Stressed Mitochondrial Membranes: Lipid Dynamics and Permeabilization. Biophys J 2017; 112:2147-2158. [PMID: 28538152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial compartments of eukaryotic cells because they function as the cellular power plant and play a central role in the early stages of programmed cell death (apoptosis). To avoid undesired cell death, this apoptotic pathway is tightly regulated by members of the Bcl-2 protein family, which interact on the external surface of the mitochondria, i.e., the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), and modulate its permeability to apoptotic factors, controlling their release into the cytosol. A growing body of evidence suggests that the MOM lipids play active roles in this permeabilization process. In particular, oxidized phospholipids (OxPls) formed under intracellular stress seem to directly induce apoptotic activity at the MOM. Here we show that the process of MOM pore formation is sensitive to the type of OxPls species that are generated. We created MOM-mimicking liposome systems, which resemble the cellular situation before apoptosis and upon triggering of oxidative stress conditions. These vesicles were studied using 31P solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, together with dye leakage assays. Direct polarization and cross-polarization nuclear magnetic resonance experiments enabled us to probe the heterogeneity of these membranes and their associated molecular dynamics. The addition of apoptotic Bax protein to OxPls-containing vesicles drastically changed the membranes' dynamic behavior, almost completely negating the previously observed effect of temperature on the lipids' molecular dynamics and inducing an ordering effect that led to more cooperative membrane melting. Our results support the hypothesis that the mitochondrion-specific lipid cardiolipin functions as a first contact site for Bax during its translocation to the MOM in the onset of apoptosis. In addition, dye leakage assays revealed that different OxPls species in the MOM-mimicking vesicles can have opposing effects on Bax pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Šárka Pokorná
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lidman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Achilles A, Bärenwald R, Lechner BD, Werner S, Ebert H, Tschierske C, Blume A, Bacia K, Saalwächter K. Self-Assembly of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles in Lipid Membranes: Solid-State NMR Investigations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:673-682. [PMID: 26735449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of rigid-rod bolapolyphilic molecules with three philicities (rigid aromatic core, mobile aliphatic side chains, polar end groups) has recently been demonstrated to incorporate into and span lipid membranes, and to exhibit a rich variety of self-organization modes, including macroscopically ordered snowflake structures with 6-fold symmetry. In order to support a structural model and to better understand the self-organization on a molecular scale, we here report on proton and carbon-13 high-resolution magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR investigations of two different bolapolyphiles (BPs) in model membranes of two different phospholipids (DPPC, DOPC). We elucidate the changes in molecular dynamics associated with three new phase transitions detected by calorimetry in composite membranes of different composition, namely, a change in π-π-packing, the melting of lipid tails associated with the superstructure, and the dissolution and onset of free rotation of the BPs. We derive dynamic order parameters associated with different H-H and C-H bond directions of the BPs, demonstrating that the aromatic cores are well packed below the final phase transition, showing only 180° flips of the phenyl ring, and that they perform free rotations with additional oscillations of the long axis when dissolved in the fluid membrane. Our data suggests that BPs not only form ordered superstructures, but also rather homogeneously dispersed π-packed filaments within the lipid gel phase, thus reducing the corrugation of large vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Achilles
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ruth Bärenwald
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bob-Dan Lechner
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alfred Blume
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, ‡Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, §ZIK HALOmem, and ∥Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle, Germany
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9
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Interactions of a synthetic Leu-Lys-rich antimicrobial peptide with phospholipid bilayers. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 40:471-80. [PMID: 21225256 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-010-0660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide P5 (KWKKLLKKPLLKKLLKKL-NH(2)) with model phospholipid membranes was studied using solid-state NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. P5 peptide had little secondary structure in buffer, but addition of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) increased the β-sheet content to ~20%. Addition of negatively charged LUV, DMPC-dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) 2:1, led to a substantial (~40%) increase of the α-helical conformation. The peptide structure did not change significantly above and below the phospholipid phase transition temperature. P5 peptide interacted differently with DMPC bilayers with deuterated acyl chains (d(54)-DMPC) and mixed d(54)-DMPC-DMPG bilayers, used to mimic eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, respectively. In DMPC vesicles, P5 peptide had no significant interaction apart from slightly perturbing the upper region of the lipid acyl chain with minimum effect at the terminal methyl groups. By contrast, in the DMPC-DMPG vesicles the peptide increased disorder throughout the entire acyl chain of DMPC in the mixed bilayer. P5 promoted disordering of the headgroup of neutral membranes, observed by (31)P NMR. However, no perturbations in the T(1) relaxation nor the T(2-) values were observed at 30°C, although a slight change in the dynamics of the headgroup at 20°C was noticeable compared with peptide-free vesicles. However, the P5 peptide caused similar perturbations of the headgroup of negatively charged vesicles at both temperatures. These data correlate with the non-haemolytic activity of the P5 peptide against red blood cells (neutral membranes) while inhibiting bacterial growth (negatively charged membranes).
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10
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Burrell GL, Burgar IM, Gong Q, Dunlop NF, Separovic F. NMR Relaxation and Self-Diffusion Study at High and Low Magnetic Fields of Ionic Association in Protic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11436-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105087n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L. Burrell
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia, CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and Orica Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Iko M. Burgar
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia, CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and Orica Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Qingxia Gong
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia, CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and Orica Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Noel F. Dunlop
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia, CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and Orica Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia, CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and Orica Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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11
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Jean-Francois F, Desbat B, Dufourc EJ. Selectivity of cateslytin for fungi: the role of acidic lipid‐ergosterol membrane fluidity in antimicrobial action. FASEB J 2009; 23:3692-701. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-135574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frantz Jean-Francois
- UMR 5248 Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universite Bordeaux 1–Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs en Technologies Agronomiques de Bordeaux (ENITAB) Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB) Pessac France
| | - Bernard Desbat
- UMR 5248 Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universite Bordeaux 1–Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs en Technologies Agronomiques de Bordeaux (ENITAB) Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB) Pessac France
| | - Erick J. Dufourc
- UMR 5248 Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universite Bordeaux 1–Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs en Technologies Agronomiques de Bordeaux (ENITAB) Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB) Pessac France
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12
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Sani MA, Keech O, Gardeström P, Dufourc EJ, Gröbner G. Magic-angle phosphorus NMR of functional mitochondria: in situ monitoring of lipid response under apoptotic-like stress. FASEB J 2009; 23:2872-8. [PMID: 19395474 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-134114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a noninvasive, solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) approach, we track ex vivo the behavior of individual membrane components in isolated, active mitochondria (model system: potato tubers) during physiological processes. The individual phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cardiolipin (CL) membrane constituents were identified as distinct lines by applying MAS (31)P NMR on extracted lipid membranes. However, the CL NMR signal appeared to be very broad in functional mitochondria, indicating a tight complex formation with membrane protein. Calcium stress induced severe membrane degradation without recovery of a single CL NMR resonance. This suggests that calcium overload destroys the outer mitochondrial membrane and does not modify strongly the CL protein complexes in the inner membrane; a conclusion confirmed by respiratory controls. Conversely, mitochondrial membrane disruption on time degradation or mechanical stress generates clearly visible identical CL NMR signals, similar to those observed in rehydrated lipid extracts. Similarly, noninvasive based NMR tracking of lipids in response to diverse physiological stimuli can easily be used for other organelles and whole living cells.
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13
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Kyrikou I, Benetis NP, Chatzigeorgiou P, Zervou M, Viras K, Poulos C, Mavromoustakos T. Interactions of the dipeptide paralysin β-Ala-Tyr and the aminoacid Glu with phospholipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:113-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Separovic F, Cornell B, Pace R. Orientation dependence of NMR relaxation time, T(1rho), in lipid bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 107:159-67. [PMID: 11090845 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The orientation dependence of the low frequency NMR relaxation time, T(1rho), of protons in aligned phospholipid bilayers was measured using 13C cross polarisation and direct proton experiments. The contribution of intra- and inter-molecular interactions to proton T(1rho) was determined by using dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) with one hydrocarbon chain deuterated and dispersed in perdeuterated DMPC. The results indicated that intramolecular motions on the kHz timescale were the major cause of T(1rho) relaxation in phospholipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Separovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
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Bouchard M, Le Guernevé C, Auger M. Comparison between the dynamics of lipid/gramicidin A systems in the lamellar and hexagonal phases: a solid-state 13C NMR study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1415:181-92. [PMID: 9858726 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of gramicidin A on the dynamics of two model membranes: dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) in the lamellar phase at a lipid-to-peptide molar ratio of 10:1 and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) in the hexagonal HII phase at a lipid-to-peptide molar ratio of 5:1. Natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used in combination with magic angle spinning to increase the spectral resolution, therefore allowing the different regions of the lipid bilayers to be investigated from the same spectra. 31P NMR was also used to detect and confirm the formation of the DOPC HII phase in the presence of gramicidin A. In order to examine the effect of gramicidin A on both the fast and slow motions of DMPC and DOPC, the 1H spin-lattice relaxation times in the laboratory frame (HT1) as well as the 1H spin-lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame (HT1rho) were calculated for each resolved protonated lipid resonance in the 13C spectra. For both DMPC and DOPC, we found that the presence of gramicidin A does not significantly affect the fast motions of the lipid acyl chains but increases slightly the fast motions of the polar head group. However, the HT1rho are significantly decreased, this effect being more pronounced for DOPC most likely due to a decrease in the rate of the lipid lateral diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bouchard
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Université Laval, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
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16
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Urbina JA, Pekerar S, Le HB, Patterson J, Montez B, Oldfield E. Molecular order and dynamics of phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes in the presence of cholesterol, ergosterol and lanosterol: a comparative study using 2H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1238:163-76. [PMID: 7548131 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00117-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a comparative study of the molecular order and dynamics of phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayer membranes in the absence and presence of cholesterol, ergosterol and lanosterol, using deuterium (2H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of deuterated phospholipid molecules, in addition to solid state 13C and 31P-NMR. Using dimyristoylphosphatidylcholines (DMPCs) specifically labeled at positions 2', 3', 4', 6', 8', 10' and 12' of the sn-2 chain together with the perdeuterated 2-[2H27]DMPC derivative, the order profile for 9 of the 13 methylene groups of the sn-2 chain was established at 25 degrees C for DMPC, DMPC/cholesterol, DMPC/ergosterol and DMPC/lanosterol membranes, at a fixed sterol/phospholipid mol ratio of 30%, and in the presence of excess water. The overall ordering effects were found to be ergosterol > cholesterol >> lanosterol. Transverse relaxation (T2e) studies of these systems indicated that while for DMPC, DMPC/cholesterol and DMPC/ergosterol the relative relaxation rates were in qualitative agreement with models which assume cooperative motions of the bilayer molecules as the main relaxation mechanism, those in DMPC/lanosterol were anomalously high, suggesting alterations of lipid packing. Using dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) deuterated at the trimethylammonium group of the choline moiety, we found that the differential ordering and motional effects induced by the sterols in the acyl chains were also reflected in the headgroup, both in the gel (L beta) and liquid-crystalline phases. 13C and 1H spin dynamics studies of these systems, including cross-polarization, rotating frame longitudinal relaxation and dipolar echo relaxation rates showed that the mobility of the different regions of the phospholipid molecules in the binary lipid systems were inversely correlated with the ordering effects induced by the sterols. A novel combination of C-D bond order parameters (obtained by 2H-NMR) and 13C-1H cross polarization rates confirmed these results. The effects of the same sterols at the same molar proportion on the unsaturated lipid 1-[2H31]palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (2H31-POPC) at 25 and 35 degrees C were different from those observed on DMPC and showed ordering effects which are largest for cholesterol, while ergosterol and lanosterol produced significantly smaller effects. Transverse relaxation studies indicate that while cholesterol does not perturb cooperative motions in POPC, both ergosterol and lanosterol do. Again, high-resolution solid state 13C-NMR studies support the conclusions of the 2H-NMR experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Urbina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801, USA
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17
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Le Guernevé C, Auger M. New approach to study fast and slow motions in lipid bilayers: application to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol interactions. Biophys J 1995; 68:1952-9. [PMID: 7612837 PMCID: PMC1282098 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural abundance 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of the incorporation of cholesterol on the dynamics of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers in the liquid-crystalline phase. In particular, the use of a combination of the cross-polarization and magic angle spinning techniques allows one to obtain very high resolution spectra from which can be distinguished several resonances attributed to the polar head group, the glycerol backbone, and the acyl chains of the lipid molecule. To examine both the fast and slow motions of the lipid bilayers, 1H spin-lattice relaxation times as well as proton and carbon spin-lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame were measured for each resolved resonance of DMPC. The use of the newly developed ramped-amplitude cross-polarization technique results in a significant increase in the stability of the cross-polarization conditions, especially for molecular groups undergoing rapid motions. The combination of T1 and T1 rho measurements indicates that the presence of cholesterol significantly decreases the rate and/or amplitude of both the high and low frequency motions in the DMPC bilayers. This effect is particularly important for the lipid acyl chains and the glycerol backbone region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Guernevé
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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18
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Montez B, Oldfield E, Urbina JA, Pekerar S, Husted C, Patterson J. Editing 13C-NMR spectra of membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1152:314-8. [PMID: 8218332 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(93)90263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the carbon-13 'magic-angle' sample-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of several lipid-water systems, under a variety of radiofrequency excitation conditions. Our results show that complex lipid or membrane spectra can be greatly simplified by using 'spectral editing' techniques. For example, in a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)-water mesophase, the glycerol (C-1, C-2 and C-3) carbons are readily distinguished from the headgroup C alpha, C beta and C gamma carbons, on the basis of their mix-time behavior in a cross-polarization (CP) experiment, while in the more complex DMPC/cholesterol-water system, many of the more rigid cholesterol carbon resonances can be edited from the phospholipid peaks. In very complex systems, such as human myelin membranes, editing permits the unambiguous observation of the mobile lipid headgroup carbon resonances, as well as the much more rigid sterol ring carbons. We also report the observation of a large differential CP due to C-H vector 'magic-angle' orientational effects in the DMPC/desipramine system. Thus, both motional or orientational reduction of the C-H dipolar interaction can lead to considerable simplifications of complex membrane spectra, and are of interest from both spectral assignment and membrane dynamics aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Montez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801
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19
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Lee KC, Hu W, Cross TA. 2H NMR determination of the global correlation time of the gramicidin channel in a lipid bilayer. Biophys J 1993; 65:1162-7. [PMID: 7694670 PMCID: PMC1225834 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed experimental description of molecular dynamics requires an accurate description of the global correlation time. For the gramicidin cation-selective channel the local dynamics of the polypeptide backbone are thought to play a very significant role in the functional process of this channel which occurs on the 10-100-ns time scale. By solid-state NMR spectroscopy an experimental description of the local dynamics including a description of the axis about which the motions occur, the amplitude of the motions, whether they are diffusional or discontinuous and the frequency of the motions is possible. Initial interpretations of the NMR data for this polypeptide backbone in fully hydrated lipid bilayers suggests that the time scale for the local motions is the same as the kinetic time scale (North and Cross, 1993). Here the global correlation time is found from d4-Ala3 and d4-Ala5-gramicidin A powder pattern spectra to be 36 microseconds at 309 K. This surprisingly long correlation time may reflect the high viscosity of the peptide environment or possibly the higher molecular weight of a peptide-lipid aggregate. Furthermore, this reassessment of the global correlation time supports the initial interpretation of relaxation data for the local motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasee 32306-3006
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20
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Tuzi S, Shinzawa-Itoh K, Erata T, Naito A, Yoshikawa S, Saitô H. A high-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR study on crystalline bovine heart cytochrome-c oxidase and lysozyme. Dynamic behavior of protein and detergent in the complex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 208:713-20. [PMID: 1327766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recorded 100.6-MHz high-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR spectra of crystalline cytochrome-c oxidase from bovine heart muscle and hen egg-white lysozyme, to compare conformation and dynamics of a typical membrane-protein complex with those of lysozyme. The absence of severe interference with the solid-state 13C-NMR spectra, from both the line broadenings from paramagnetic centers and overlapping of intense detergent signals, provided spectral resolution of 13C-NMR feature of cytochrome-c oxidase crystals comparable to that of lysozyme crystal and better than that of dissolved or lyophilized samples. In fact, the observed peak intensities of the polar heads of the detergents BL8SY and Brij 35 were only about 10% and 3% of the anticipated values, respectively. The dynamic behavior of the backbone and side chains of cytochrome-c oxidase was compared with that of lysozyme on the basis of the 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1): the backbone of the cytochrome-c oxidase turned out to be more flexible than that of lysozyme. Molecular motions of the detergent molecules attached to the proteins are found to be highly heterogeneous. Detergent molecules undergo rapid tumbling motions in the crystals in about 10 ns as detected by T1. In addition to rapid motions, slow motions were detected by 1H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (TH1 rho) and cross-polarization time (TCH), together with data from static spectra, indicating that the aliphatic portion of the detergent interacts more strongly with hydrophobic protein surfaces than do the polar heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tuzi
- Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Hyogo, Japan
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21
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Weisz K, Gröbner G, Mayer C, Stohrer J, Kothe G. Deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance study of the dynamic organization of phospholipid/cholesterol bilayer membranes: molecular properties and viscoelastic behavior. Biochemistry 1992; 31:1100-12. [PMID: 1734959 DOI: 10.1021/bi00119a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cholesterol on the dynamic organization of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers was studied by deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) using unoriented and macroscopically aligned samples. Analysis of the various temperature- and orientation-dependent experiments were performed using a comprehensive NMR model based on the stochastic Liouville equation. Computer simulations of the relaxation data obtained from phospholipids deuterated at the 6-, 13- and 14-position of the sn-2 chain and cholesterol labeled at the 3 alpha-position of the rigid steroid ring system allowed the unambiguous assignment of the various motional modes and types of molecular order present in the system. Above the phospholipid gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition, TM, 40 mol % cholesterol was found to significantly increase the orientational and conformational order of the phospholipid with substantially increased trans populations even at the terminal sn-2 acyl chain segments. Lowering the temperature continuously increases both inter- and intramolecular ordering, yet indicates less ordered chains than found for the pure phospholipid in its paracrystalline gel phase. Trans-gauche isomerization rates on all phospholipid alkyl chain segments are slowed down by incorporated cholesterol to values characteristic of gel-state lipid. However, intermolecular dynamics remain fast on the NMR time scale up to 30 K below TM, with rotational correlation times tau R parallel for DMPC ranging from 10 to 100 ns and an activation energy of ER = 35 kJ/mol. Below 273 K a continuous noncooperative condensation of both phospholipid and cholesterol is observed in the mixed membranes, and at about 253 K only a motionally restricted component is left, exhibiting slow fluctuations with correlation times of tau R perpendicular greater than 1 microsecond. In the high-temperature region (T greater than TM), order director fluctuations are found to constitute the dominant transverse relaxation process. Analysis of these collective lipid motions provides the viscoelastic parameters of the membranes. The results (T = 318 K) show that cholesterol significantly reduces the density of the cooperative motions by increasing the average elastic constant of the membrane from K = 1 x 10(-11) N for the pure phospholipid bilayers to K = 3.5 x 10(-11) N for the mixed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weisz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany
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22
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Léonard A, Dufourc EJ. Interactions of cholesterol with the membrane lipid matrix. A solid state NMR approach. Biochimie 1991; 73:1295-302. [PMID: 1782223 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(91)90092-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cholesterol on the structure and dynamics of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) model membranes have been monitored as functions of temperature and cholesterol concentration in the membrane. The use of deuterium labels both on the cholesterol fused ring system and on the lipid chains in conjunction with solid state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H-NMR) afforded to monitor the degree of ordering of both molecules in a mixed system. The degree of ordering of the lipid head group was followed by phosphorus-31 (31P)-NMR. New findings on the effect of cholesterol on DMPC may be summarized as follows: i) cholesterol disorders the lipid chains below temperature of the DMPC gel-to-fluid transition (Tc) and orders them above; the effect is linear with cholesterol concentration at 0 and 60 degrees C but for intermediate temperatures, a saturation effect is observed at 20-30 mol %; ii) the ordering-disordering effects are perceived similarly by all chain segments with, however, a greater sensitivity for positions near the bilayer center; iii) below Tc, the lipid head group is considerably disordered by increasing amounts of cholesterol but slightly affected above; iv) the degree of ordering of cholesterol is quasi temperature independent for fractions greater than or equal to 30%; v) the average orientation of the cholesterol rigid body is perpendicular to the bilayer surface and exhibits little variations with temperature and cholesterol concentration. Variations in membrane dynamics are interpreted in terms of cholesterol-induced changes in bilayer thickness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Léonard
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Pessac, France
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23
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Salmon A, Wiedmann T. The effect of lung surfactant apolipoproteins B/C on the chemical shift anisotropy of sn-2-[1-13C]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Chem Phys Lipids 1991; 58:55-62. [PMID: 1934195 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(91)90111-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effect of the lung surfactant apolipoproteins B/C on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine to address the mechanism by which the adsorption rate of phospholipids from the bulk to the air/water interface is enhanced. Apolipoproteins B/C were isolated from bovine lung and separated from associated lipids by lipophilic Sephadex column chromatography. Amino acid analysis indicated the presence of both apolipoproteins B and C. The 13C chemical shift anisotropy of DPPC was determined as a function of temperature. Previous workers (Wittebort et al., Biochemistry, 20 (1981) 3487-3502) have concluded that the observed magnitude of the chemical shift anisotropy of the carbonyl group of the sn-2 acyl chain in pure DPPC is a result of rapid rotation about an axis along the length of the phospholipid both in the gel and liquid crystalline state. The orientation of the carbonyl group with respect to the axis of diffusion, however, undergoes an approximately 25-30 degrees shift in passage from the gel to liquid crystalline state, with the intermediate, rippled (P beta') state composed of an exchange between these two orientations. The presence of physiological concentrations SP-B/C reduced the width of the anisotropy of DPPC below but had no effect on lipids above the main phase transition temperature. This suggests that SP-B/C has a general effect on the entire assembly of lipids. The temperature of the onset of the orientational change is lowered indicating a portion of the lipids are affected by the lung surfactant apolipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salmon
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pharmaceutics, Minneapolis 55455
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24
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Halladay HN, Stark RE, Ali S, Bittman R. Magic-angle spinning NMR studies of molecular organization in multibilayers formed by 1-octadecanoyl-2-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Biophys J 1990; 58:1449-61. [PMID: 2275962 PMCID: PMC1281097 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(90)82490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magic-angle spinning 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been employed to study 50%-by-weight aqueous dispersions of 1-octadecanoyl-2-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C[18]:C[10]PC) and 1-octadecanoyl-2-d19-decanoyl-PC (C[18]:C[10]PC-d19), mixed-chain phospholipids which can form interdigitated multibilayers. The 1H NMR linewidth for methyl protons of the choline headgroup has been used to monitor the liquid crystalline-to-gel (LC-to-G) phase transition and confirm variations between freezing and melting temperatures. Both 1H and 13C spin-lattice relaxation times indicate unusual restrictions on segmental reorientation at megahertz frequencies for C(18):C(10)PC as compared with symmetric-chain species in the LC state; nevertheless each chemical moiety of the mixed-chain phospholipid exhibits motional behavior that may be classified as liquidlike. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (NOESY) on C(18):C(10)PC and C(18):C(10)PC-d19 reveals cross-peaks between the omega-methyl protons of the C18 chain and the N-methyl protons of the phosphocholine headgroup, and several experimental and theoretical considerations argue against an interpretation based on spin diffusion. Using NMR relaxation times and NOESY connectivities along with a computational formalism for four-spin systems (Keepers, J. W., and T. L. James. 1984. J. Magn. Reson. 57:404-426), an estimate of 3.5 A is obtained for the average distance between the omega-methyl protons of the C18 chain and the N-methyl protons of the phosphocholine headgroup. This finding is consistent with a degree of interdigitation similar to that proposed for organized assemblies of gel-state phosphatidylcholine molecules with widely disparate acyl-chain lengths (Hui, S. W., and C.-H. Huang. 1986. Biochemistry. 25:1330-1335); however, acyl-chain bendback or other intermolecular interactions may also contribute to the NOESY results. For multibilayers of C(18):C(10)PC in the gel phase, 13C chemical-shift measurements indicate that trans conformers predominate along both acyl chains. 13C Spin-lattice relaxation times confirm the unusual motional restrictions noted in the LC state; nevertheless, 13C and 1H rotating-frame relaxation times indicate that the interdigitated arrangement enhances chain or bilayer motions which occur at mid-kilohertz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Halladay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island 10301
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25
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26
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Peng ZY, Simplaceanu V, Dowd SR, Ho C. Effects of cholesterol or gramicidin on slow and fast motions of phospholipids in oriented bilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:8758-62. [PMID: 2479029 PMCID: PMC298369 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.22.8758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation both in the rotating frame and in the laboratory frame is used to investigate the slow and fast molecular motions of phospholipids in oriented bilayers in the liquid crystalline phase. The bilayers are prepared from a perdeuterated phospholipid labeled with a pair of 19F atoms at the 7 position of the 2-sn acyl chain. Phospholipid-cholesterol or phospholipid-gramicidin interactions are characterized by measuring the relaxation rates as a function of the bilayer orientation, the locking field, and the temperature. Our studies show that cholesterol or gramicidin can specifically enhance the relaxation due to slow motions in phospholipid bilayers with correlation times tau s longer than 10(-8) sec. The perturbations of the geometry of the slow motions induced by cholesterol are qualitatively different from those induced by gramicidin. In contrast, the presence of cholesterol or gramicidin slightly suppresses the fast motions with correlation times tau f = 10(-9) to 10(-10) sec without significantly affecting their geometry. Weak locking-field and temperature dependences are observed for both pure lipid bilayers and bilayers containing either cholesterol or gramicidin, suggesting that the motions of phospholipid acyl chains may have dispersed correlation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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27
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Peng ZY, Tjandra N, Simplaceanu V, Ho C. Slow motions in oriented phospholipid bilayers and effects of cholesterol or gramicidin. A 19F-NMR T1 rho study. Biophys J 1989; 56:877-85. [PMID: 2481513 PMCID: PMC1280587 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(89)82734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an extension of our earlier work (Peng, Z.-y., V. Simplaceanu, I. J. Lowe, and C. Ho. 1988. Biophys. J. 54:81-95), the rotating-frame nuclear spin-lattice relaxation (T1 rho) technique has been used to investigate the slow molecular motions (10(-4) - 10(-6) s) in lipid bilayers prepared from protonated or perdeuterated 19F-labeled phospholipids in the absence and presence of cholesterol or gramicidin as membrane-interacting molecules. Complications caused by the 19F-1H cross-polarization observed previously can be removed by the substitution of 2H for 1H in the acyl chains. Only a weak dependence of the T-1(1 rho) on the locking field strength is found for a phospholipid molecule with perdeuterated acyl chains, indicating that there are no slow motions with a single, well-defined correlation time between 5 x 10(-6) and 4 x 10(-5) s. However, the orientation dependences of the T-1(1 rho) can be well fitted by motional models with either one slow motion having an unspecified geometry or with a superposition of two specific types of slow motions. Cholesterol and gramicidin show distinct effects in altering either the geometry or the weighting of slow motions in phospholipid bilayers, as reflected by changes in the orientation dependence. These two additives also exhibit quite different label-position specificities. A qualitative understanding of the induced effects of cholesterol and gramicidin on the dynamics of phospholipid bilayers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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28
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Peng ZY, Simplaceanu V, Lowe IJ, Ho C. Rotating-frame relaxation studies of slow motions in fluorinated phospholipid model membranes. Biophys J 1988; 54:81-95. [PMID: 3416034 PMCID: PMC1330318 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(88)82933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotating-frame relaxation experiments have been carried out on 19F-labeled dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine model membranes. The lipids are labeled with a single CF2 group in the 4-, 8-, or 12-position of the 2-acyl chain. Both oriented lipid bilayers and multilamellar liposomes have been investigated. The relaxation rate has been measured as a function of the locking-field strength, the sample orientation, the label position, and the temperature. Our results have confirmed that extensive slow motions exist in the bilayer and dominate the low-frequency relaxation. The relaxation rate is quite sensitive to the label position. However, many other features of the relaxation are very similar for all three lipid isomers. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rate for the multilamellar liposomes differs from the oriented bilayers, which may imply that the motions are also different. To fit our data, a working model consisting of a superposition of an anisotropic reorientation term and a director fluctuation term has been proposed. We have also verified that almost all of the relaxation process is caused by modulations of the intramolecular interactions. Based on this, a view of the slow motions at a molecular level is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Peng
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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29
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Morrow MR, Davis JH. Differential scanning calorimetry and 2H NMR studies of the phase behavior of gramicidin-phosphatidylcholine mixtures. Biochemistry 1988; 27:2024-32. [PMID: 2454132 DOI: 10.1021/bi00406a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extents of two-phase coexistence in the phase diagrams of mixtures of gramicidin with 1,2-bis(perdeuteriopalmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC-d62) and with 1,2-bis(perdeuteriomyristoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC-d54) mixtures have been explored with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR). For both systems, increased gramicidin content causes a decrease in transition enthalpy and a broadening of the peak in excess heat capacity at the transition. In DMPC-d54-based mixtures, the broadening is roughly symmetric about the pure lipid transition temperature. Addition of gramicidin to DPPC-d62 extends the excess heat capacity peak on the low-temperature side, resulting in a slightly asymmetric scan. Deuterium NMR spectra showing a superposition of gel and liquid-crystalline components, observed for both mixtures, indicate the presence of two-phase coexistence. For the DPPC-d62-based mixtures, two-phase coexistence is restricted to an approximately 2 degrees C temperature range below the pure transition temperature. For DMPC-d54-based mixtures, the region of two-phase coexistence is even narrower. For both mixtures, beyond a gramicidin mole fraction of 2%, distinct gel and liquid-crystal contributions to the spectra cannot be distinguished. Along with the broad featureless nature of the DSC scan in this region, this is taken to indicate that the transition has been replaced by a continuous phase change. These results are consistent with the existence of a closed two-phase region having a critical concentration of gramicidin below 2 mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Morrow
- Department of Physics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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30
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Jain MK, Zakim D. The spontaneous incorporation of proteins into preformed bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 906:33-68. [PMID: 3032257 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(87)90004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bryszewska M, Watała C, Torzecka W. Changes in fluidity and composition of erythrocyte membranes and in composition of plasma lipids in type I diabetes. Br J Haematol 1986; 62:111-6. [PMID: 3942692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb02906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the fluidity and composition of human erythrocyte membranes and in the composition of plasma in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes were investigated. The increased microviscosity of diabetic erythrocyte membranes provide unambiguous proof of the structural deterioration of erythrocyte membranes in diabetes. It seems most likely that enhancement of the membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio is the main reason for decreased membrane fluidity in diabetes. A distinct correlation between membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, plasma cholesterol content and membrane fluidity was found. Composition and structural changes in erythrocyte membranes and compositional changes in plasma lipids may contribute to the development of diabetic complications in diabetes.
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HO CHIEN, DOWD SUSANR, POST JANF. 19F NMR Investigations of Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152514-9.50010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Pearson LT, Edelman J, Chan SI. Statistical mechanics of lipid membranes. Protein correlation functions and lipid ordering. Biophys J 1984; 45:863-71. [PMID: 6733239 PMCID: PMC1434970 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(84)84232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An expression is derived for the lipid-mediated intermolecular interaction between protein molecules embedded in a lipid bilayer. It is assumed that protein particles are accommodated by the bilayer, but they distort the lipids in some manner from their equilibrium protein-free configuration. We treat this situation by expanding the free energy density in the plane of the membrane as a Taylor series in some arbitrary parameter and its gradient. Minimization of the total membrane energy for a given particle configuration yields the interparticle interaction energy for that configuration. A test of the model is provided by measurement of the protein-protein pair distribution function from freeze-fracture micrographs of partially aggregated membranes. The measured functions can be simulated by adjustment of two parameters (a) a lipid correlation length that characterizes the distance over which a distortion of the bilayers is transmitted laterally through the bilayer, and (b) a term quantifying the energy of the protein-lipid interaction at the protein-lipid boundary. Correlation lengths obtained by fitting the calculated particle distribution functions to the data are found to be several nanometers. Protein-lipid interaction energies are of the order of a few kT.
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Brown MF. Theory of spin‐lattice relaxation in lipid bilayers and biological membranes. Dipolar relaxation. J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.447030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sefcik MD, Schaefer J, Stejskal EO, McKay RA, Ellena JF, Dodd SW, Brown MF. Lipid bilayer dynamics and rhodopsin-lipid interactions: new approach using high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 114:1048-55. [PMID: 6615501 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)90668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution, solid-state 13C NMR spectra have been obtained for unsonicated multilamellar dispersions of 1,2-dilauryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), recombinant membranes containing DLPC and rhodopsin, and native retinal rod disk membranes. The roles of 1H dipolar decoupling, 1H-13C cross-polarization, and magic-angle sample spinning have been investigated. Rotating-frame 13C relaxation times have been measured and are discussed in terms of lipid bilayer dynamics and rhodopsin-lipid interactions.
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Cornell BA, Hiller RG, Raison J, Separovic F, Smith R, Vary JC, Morris C. Biological membranes are rich in low-frequency motion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 732:473-8. [PMID: 6871211 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Using 13C cross-polarization NMR techniques, we have found that the effect of protein on the dynamics of the hydrocarbon interior of a series of biological membranes is to depress the intensity of motion on the nanosecond timescale (i.e., T1 becomes longer) and to enhance the intensity of motion on the timescale of tens of microseconds (i.e., T1p becomes shorter.)
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