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Yang Y, Pang Q, Hua M, Huangfu Z, Yan R, Liu W, Zhang W, Shi X, Xu Y, Shi J. Excavation of diagnostic biomarkers and construction of prognostic model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on urine proteomics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170567. [PMID: 37260987 PMCID: PMC10228721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathology type in kidney cancer. However, the prognosis of advanced ccRCC is unsatisfactory. Thus, early diagnosis becomes one of the most important research priorities of ccRCC. However, currently available studies about ccRCC lack urine-related further studies. In this study, we applied proteomics to search urinary biomarkers to assist early diagnosis of ccRCC. In addition, we constructed a prognostic model to assist judge patients' prognosis. Materials and methods Urine which was used to perform 4D label-free quantitative proteomics was collected from 12 ccRCC patients and 11 non-tumor patients with no urinary system diseases. The urine of 12 patients with ccRCC confirmed by pathological examination after surgery was collected before operatoin. Bioinformatics analysis was used to describe the urinary proteomics landscape of these patients with ccRCC. The top ten proteins with the highest expression content were selected as the basis for subsequent validation. Urine from 46 ccRCC patients and 45 control patients were collected to use for verification by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to assess the prognostic value of urine proteomics, a prognostic model was constructed by COX regression analysis on the intersection of RNA-sequencing data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and our urine proteomic data. Results 133 proteins differentially expressed in the urinary samples were found and 85 proteins (Fold Change, FC>1.5) were identified up-regulated while 48 down-regulated (FC<0.5). Top 10 proteins including S100A14, PKHD1L1, FABP4, ITIH2, C3, C8G, C2, ATF6, ANGPTL6, F13B were performed ELISA to verify. The results showed that PKHD1L1, ANGPTL6, FABP4 and C3 were statistically significant (P<0.05). We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis and plotted a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicted that the diagnostic efficiency of combined indicators is satisfactory (Aare under curve, AUC=0.835). Furthermore, the prognostic value of the urine proteomics was explored through the intersection between urine proteomics and TCGA RNA-seq data. Thus, COX regression analysis showed that VSIG4, HLA-DRA, SERPINF1, and IGLV2-23 were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Our study indicated that the application of urine proteomics to explore diagnostic biomarkers and to construct prognostic models of renal clear cell carcinoma is of certain clinical value. PKHD1L1, ANGPTL6, FABP4 and C3 can assist to diagnose ccRCC. The prognostic model constituted of VSIG4, HLA-DRA, SERPINF1, and IGLV2-23 can significantly predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients, but this still needs more clinical trials to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Pang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Meimian Hua
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Huangfu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazi Shi
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Mohamad-Fauzi N, Shaw C, Foutouhi SH, Hess M, Kong N, Kol A, Storey DB, Desai PT, Shah J, Borjesson D, Murray JD, Weimer BC. Salmonella enhances osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1077350. [PMID: 37009487 PMCID: PMC10055666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1077350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair and regeneration has garnered great attention. While MSCs are likely to interact with microbes at sites of tissue damage and inflammation, like in the gastrointestinal system, the consequences of pathogenic association on MSC activities have yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of pathogenic interaction on MSC trilineage differentiation paths and mechanisms using model intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica ssp enterica serotype Typhimurium. The examination of key markers of differentiation, apoptosis, and immunomodulation demonstrated that Salmonella altered osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation pathways in human and goat adipose-derived MSCs. Anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative responses were also significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in MSCs during Salmonella challenge. These results together indicate that Salmonella, and potentially other pathogenic bacteria, can induce pathways that influence both apoptotic response and functional differentiation trajectories in MSCs, highlighting that microbes have a potentially significant role as influencers of MSC physiology and immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Claire Shaw
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Soraya H. Foutouhi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Matthias Hess
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nguyet Kong
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dylan Bobby Storey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dori Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James D. Murray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: James D. Murray, ; Bart C. Weimer,
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: James D. Murray, ; Bart C. Weimer,
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Maniyadath B, Zhang Q, Gupta RK, Mandrup S. Adipose tissue at single-cell resolution. Cell Metab 2023; 35:386-413. [PMID: 36889280 PMCID: PMC10027403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exhibits remarkable plasticity with capacity to change in size and cellular composition under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The emergence of single-cell transcriptomics has rapidly transformed our understanding of the diverse array of cell types and cell states residing in adipose tissues and has provided insight into how transcriptional changes in individual cell types contribute to tissue plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the cellular atlas of adipose tissues focusing on the biological insight gained from single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomics of murine and human adipose tissues. We also offer our perspective on the exciting opportunities for mapping cellular transitions and crosstalk, which have been made possible by single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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Microscopic image-based classification of adipocyte differentiation by machine learning. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 159:313-327. [PMID: 36504003 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is a sequential process involving increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), adipocyte-specific gene expression, and accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Expression of the transcription factors involved is usually detected using canonical biochemical or biomolecular procedures such as Western blotting or qPCR of pooled cell lysates. While this provides a useful average index for adipogenesis for some populations, the precise stage of adipogenesis cannot be distinguished at the single-cell level, because the heterogenous nature of differentiation among cells limits the utility of averaged data. We have created a classifier to sort cells, and used it to determine the stage of adipocyte differentiation at the single-cell level. We used a machine learning method with microscopic images of cell stained for PPARγ and lipid droplets as input data. Our results show that the classifier can successfully determine the precise stage of differentiation. Stage classification and subsequent model fitting using the sequential reaction model revealed the action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone to be promotion of transition from the stage of increased PPARγ expression to the next stage. This indicates that these drugs are PPARγ agonists, and that our classifier and model can accurately estimate drug action points and would be suitable for evaluating the stage/state of individual cells during differentiation or disease progression. The incorporation of both biochemical and morphological information derived from immunofluorescence image of cells and so overcomes limitations of current models.
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Lai W, Shi M, Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 in kidney diseases: From mechanisms to clinics. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175224. [PMID: 35995212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicated the relationship between fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and kidney diseases. FABP4, a small molecular lipid chaperone, is identified to regulate fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition in kidney diseases. Many studies have shown that circulating FABP4 level is related to proteinuria, renal function decline, cardiovascular complications of end-stage renal disease and even the prognosis of kidney transplanted patients. Notably, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of FABP4 attenuated renal injury in the various experimental models of kidney diseases, making it promising to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting FABP4 in kidney diseases. In this study, we updated and reviewed the mechanisms and clinical significance of FABP4 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Lai
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Min Shi
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Unveiling the Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in the Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010197. [PMID: 35052876 PMCID: PMC8773613 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Lyu W, Jia H, Deng C, Yamada S, Kato H. Zeolite-containing mixture alleviates microbial dysbiosis in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:772-780. [PMID: 33598162 PMCID: PMC7866626 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial immunomodulatory disorder. In relative nosogenesis, gut microbiota has been the focus of research on IBD. In our previous study, we demonstrated the ameliorating effect of zeolite-containing mixture (Hydryeast®, HY) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, through transcriptomics and proteomics. In the present study, we performed further investigation from the perspective of metagenomics using the gut microbiota. C57BL6 mice were provided an AIN-93G basal diet or a 0.8% HY-containing diet, and sterilized tap water for 11 days. Thereafter, colitis was induced by providing 1.5% (w/v) DSS-containing water for 9 days. DNA was extracted from the cecal contents and pooled into libraries in a single Illumina MiSeq run. The resulting sequences were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) software. According to the alterations in the relative abundance of certain bacteria, and the related gene and protein expressions, HY supplementation could improve the gut microbiota composition, ameliorate the degree of inflammation, inhibit the colonic mucosal microbial growth, and, to some extent, promote energy metabolism in the colon compared with the DSS treatment. Thus, we believe that HY may be a candidate to prevent and treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Lyu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Hisanori Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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8
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Fan R, Cao Z, Chen M, Wang H, Liu M, Gao M, Luan X. Effects of the FABP4 gene on steroid hormone secretion in goose ovarian granulosa cells. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:81-91. [PMID: 32875818 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1817325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. To investigate the physiological role of FABP4 in the goose ovary, this study determined the effects of overexpressing and siRNA interfering FABP4 on progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) production in granulosa cells. Measurements were made by ELISA, real-time qRT-PCR and western blotting. 2. The concentrations of P4 and E2 in the FABP4 overexpression granulosa cells were increased compared to the control group (P > 0.05 for P4; P < 0.05 for E2). Likewise, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Conversely, the concentrations of P4 and E2 in the FABP4 silencing granulosa cells were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Likewise, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001, or P < 0.01). 3. The study indicated that the FABP4 gene may regulate steroid hormone secretion and the expression of the steroidogenic genes in geese ovarian granulosa cells. These results support the possibility that the FABP4 gene mediates ovarian steroid hormone biosynthesis function and reproduction in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Z Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - H Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - M Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - X Luan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, P.R. China
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Mukherjee A, Chiang CY, Daifotis HA, Nieman KM, Fahrmann JF, Lastra RR, Romero IL, Fiehn O, Lengyel E. Adipocyte-Induced FABP4 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells Promotes Metastasis and Mediates Carboplatin Resistance. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1748-1761. [PMID: 32054768 PMCID: PMC10656748 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are critical for ovarian cancer cells to home to the omentum, but the metabolic changes initiated by this interaction are unknown. To this end, we carried out unbiased mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and proteomic profiling of cancer cells cocultured with primary human omental adipocytes. Cancer cells underwent significant proteo-metabolomic alteration(s), typified by changes in the lipidome with corresponding upregulation of lipid metabolism proteins. FABP4, a lipid chaperone protein, was identified as the critical regulator of lipid responses in ovarian cancer cells cocultured with adipocytes. Subsequently, knockdown of FABP4 resulted in increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels in the DNA, downregulation of gene signatures associated with ovarian cancer metastasis, and reduced clonogenic cancer cell survival. In addition, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated knockout of FABP4 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells reduced metastatic tumor burden in mice. Consequently, a small-molecule inhibitor of FABP4 (BMS309403) not only significantly reduced tumor burden in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model but also increased the sensitivity of cancer cells toward carboplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results show that targeting FABP4 in ovarian cancer cells can inhibit their ability to adapt and colonize lipid-rich tumor microenvironments, providing an opportunity for specific metabolic targeting of ovarian cancer metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Ovarian cancer metastatic progression can be restricted by targeting a critical regulator of lipid responses, FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chun-Yi Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Helen A Daifotis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristin M Nieman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- University of California, Davis Genome, Center, Metabolomics, Davis, California
| | - Ricardo R Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Iris L Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- University of California, Davis Genome, Center, Metabolomics, Davis, California
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Ionizing radiation induces cutaneous lipid remolding and skin adipocytes confer protection against radiation-induced skin injury. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 97:152-160. [PMID: 32001116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin injury is a serious concern during radiotherapy and radiation accidents. Skin fat represents the dominant architectural component of the human skin. However, the interplay between skin fat and the progression of radiation-induced skin injury remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the interplay between skin fat and the progression of radiation-induced skin injury. METHODS SD rats were irradiated with an electron beam. mRNA profiles were determined by RNA-Seq. The skin lipid mass was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lipid profiles were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Human mature adipocytes isolated from dermal and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WATs) were co-cultured with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and skin fibroblasts (WS1) in the transwell culture system. Cell migration ability was measured by migration assay. RESULTS Radiation modulated cutaneous lipid metabolism by downregulating multiple pathways. Moreover, radiation decreased skin fat mass with altered lipid metabolite profiles. The rats fed with a high-fat diet showed resistance to radiogenic skin injury compared with that with a control diet, indicating that skin lipid plays a radioprotective role. Mature adipocytes promoted the migration but not the proliferation of co-cultured skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Palmitic acid, the most abundant fatty acid in skin tissues, facilitated the migration of WS1 cells. Moreover, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) could be incorporated into skin cells and promote DNA damage repair in irradiated skin fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Radiation induces cutaneous lipid remolding, and skin adipocytes confer a protective role against radiation-induced skin injury.
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Wang CP, Hsu CC, Hung WC, Yu TH, Wu CC, Tsai IT, Tang WH, Chung FM, Houng JY, Lee YJ, Lu YC. Plasma fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) level is associated with abnormal QTc interval in patients with stable angina and chronic kidney disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:153. [PMID: 31234795 PMCID: PMC6591904 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) (also known as adipocyte FABP or adipocyte P2) is expressed in adipocytes, macrophages, and capillary endothelial cells. Previous studies have shown associations among plasma FABP4, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, greater coronary plaque burden, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and mortality. However, little is known about the relationship between FABP4 level and prolonged QT interval. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma FABP4 level is associated with a prolonged QT interval by analyzing 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) in patients with stable angina and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS This study included 397 consecutive patients with stable angina and CKD who were enrolled in a disease management program. Plasma FABP4 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A 12-lead ECG recording was obtained from each patient. We assessed the relationships between FABP4 levels (both as a continuous variable and stratified by tertile) at admission and corrected QT (QTc) prolongation. RESULTS Patients with an abnormal QTc interval had higher median plasma FABP4 levels than those with borderline and normal QTc intervals (15.9 ng/mL vs. 10.2 ng/mL vs. 8.5 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). Statistically significant associations were observed between plasma FABP4 levels and QTc interval (β = 0.267, P < 0.0001). Using multivariate and trend analyses, a higher concentration of plasma FABP4 level was independently associated with QTc prolongation in patients with stable angina and CKD. CONCLUSION In this study, plasma FABP4 levels were significantly higher in the patients with an abnormal QTc interval and were correlated with QTc prolongation. Further studies are required to elucidate whether plasma FABP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of QTc prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, 26058, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Jiunn Lee
- Lee's Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung, 90000, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd, Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
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Yin J, Seo CS, Hwang IH, Lee MW, Song KH. Anti-Obesity Activities of Chikusetsusaponin IVa and Dolichos lablab L. Seeds. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091221. [PMID: 30177649 PMCID: PMC6164478 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a condition where excess body fat accumulates to the extent, causes a negative effect on health. Previously, we reported the extract of Dolichos lablab L. (DLL-Ex) inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases in body weight and body fat mass and ameliorated increases in body weight. In the present work, we studyed the molecular mechanism for the inhibitory effect of DLL-Ex or Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CS-IVa), as isolated from Dolichos lablab L. (DLL) seeds extract, on adipocyte differentiation. We evaluated the effect of DLL-Ex, an anti-obesity agent, and CS-IVa, an active component of DLL-Ex, on 3T3-L1 cell differentiation via Oil red O assay and Q-PCR, along with their effects on CCAAT element binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) mRNA transcriptions. FAS and FABP4 protein expression levels after exposure to CS-IVa were also tested. The results showed that DLL-Ex and CS-IVa have potent inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, DLL and CS-IVa may be developed as a functional food material to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - In Hyeok Hwang
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Min Won Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Kwang Hoon Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
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13
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Zhu Z, Xu L, Cai T, Yuan G, Sun N, Lu C, Qian R. Clock represses preadipocytes adipogenesis via GILZ. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6028-6040. [PMID: 29278648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity is a worldwide health threat that needs to be prevented. Circadian gene Clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) is closely correlated to adiposity; for example, weight gain, adipocytes size expansion, and serum lipid level rise in ClockΔ19 mice compared to C57BL/6J mice. However, the precise role of Clock during adipogenic differentiation is unknown. Herein, the circadian gene Clock is shown to regulate adipogenesis mediated by GILZ. Clock-mediated attenuation and upregulation influenced lipid synthesis and affected the levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors, C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and FABP4, both in vivo and in vitro (primary adipose-derived stromal cells and 3T3-L1 cells). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, reporter gene assay, and serum shock assay found that Clock transcriptionally regulated the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Furthermore, GILZ attenuation could relieve the inhibitory effect of Clock on lipid synthesis and GILZ overexpression also reduced the promotion role of Clock attenuation in adipogenesis suggesting that Clock inhibits adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes via GILZ. The current results demonstrate how circadian genes are likely to regulate adiposity, affecting the adipogenic differentiation process, as well as, increasing the fat cells number. Therefore, this study may provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism explaining the correlation between Clock mutation and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Girona J, Alegret JM, Bosquet A, Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Role of the fatty acid-binding protein 4 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R173-R184. [PMID: 28420707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues are major contributors to heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes act as endocrine organs by releasing a large number of bioactive molecules into the bloodstream, which participate in a communication network between white adipose tissue and other organs, including the heart. Among these molecules, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been shown to increase cardiometabolic risk. Both clinical and experimental evidence have identified FABP4 as a relevant player in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and it has been directly related to cardiac alterations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. The available interventional studies preclude the establishment of a direct causal role of this molecule in CVD and HF and propose FABP4 as a biomarker rather than as an aetiological factor. However, several experimental reports have suggested that FABP4 may act as a direct contributor to cardiac metabolism and physiopathology, and the pharmacological targeting of FABP4 may restore some of the metabolic alterations that are conducive to CVD and HF. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding FABP4 in the context of HF and CVD as well as the molecular basis by which this protein participates in the regulation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Research Group, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular interactions with proteins enables the functional and mechanistic diversity of lipids. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) were originally described as intracellular proteins that can affect lipid fluxes, metabolism and signalling within cells. As the functions of this protein family have been further elucidated, it has become evident that they are critical mediators of metabolism and inflammatory processes, both locally and systemically, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets for immunometabolic diseases. In particular, genetic deficiency and small molecule-mediated inhibition of FABP4 (also known as aP2) and FABP5 can potently improve glucose homeostasis and reduce atherosclerosis in mouse models. Further research has shown that in addition to their intracellular roles, some FABPs are found outside the cells, and FABP4 undergoes regulated, vesicular secretion. The circulating form of FABP4 has crucial hormonal functions in systemic metabolism. In this Review we discuss the roles and regulation of both intracellular and extracellular FABP actions, highlighting new insights that might direct drug discovery efforts and opportunities for management of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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16
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Liu Q, Jin L, Shen FH, Balian G, Li XJ. Fullerol nanoparticles suppress inflammatory response and adipogenesis of vertebral bone marrow stromal cells--a potential novel treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 2013; 13:1571-80. [PMID: 23669123 PMCID: PMC3841235 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc degeneration, leading to chronic back pain, is a major health problem in western societies. Vertebral bone marrow has been considered to play an important role in nutrition supply and metabolic exchange for discs. Vertebral bone marrow lesions, including fatty marrow replacement and inflammatory edema, noted on magnetic resonance imaging were first described in 1988. PURPOSE To investigate the potential of a free radical scavenger, fullerol nanoparticles, to prevent vertebral bone marrow lesion and prevent disc degeneration by inhibiting inflammation and adipogenic differentiation of vertebral bone marrow stromal cells (vBMSCs). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Fullerol nanoparticle solutions were prepared to test their in vitro suppression effects on mouse vBMSC inflammation and adipogenic differentiation compared with non-fullerol-treated groups. METHODS With or without fullerol treatment, vBMSCs from Swiss Webster mice were incubated with 10 ng/mL interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β). The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. In addition, vBMSCs were cultured with adipogenic medium (AM) with or without fullerol. Gene and protein expressions were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and histologic methods. RESULTS Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry results showed that IL-1 β markedly increased intracellular ROS level, which could be prevented by fullerol administration. Fullerol also decreased the basal ROS level to 77%. Cellular production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, 3, and 13 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced by IL-1 β was suppressed by fullerol treatment. Furthermore, adipogenic differentiation of the vBMSCs was retarded markedly by fullerol as revealed by less lipid droplets in the fullerol treatment group compared with the adipogenic group. The expression of adipogenic genes PPARγ and aP2 was highly elevated with AM but decreased on fullerol administration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fullerol prevents the catabolic activity of vBMSCs under inflammatory stimulus by decreasing the level of ROS, MMPs, and TNF-α. Also, fat formation in vBMSCs is prevented by fullerol nanoparticles, and, therefore, fullerol may warrant further in vivo investigation as an effective biological therapy for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xudong Joshua Li
- Corresponding Author: Xudong Joshua Li, Mailing address: Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Box 800374, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, , Phone: 434-982-4135, Fax: 434-982-1691
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17
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Schiller ZA, Schiele NR, Sims JK, Lee K, Kuo CK. Adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells may be regulated via the cytoskeleton at physiological oxygen levels in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:79. [PMID: 23838354 PMCID: PMC3856610 DOI: 10.1186/scrt230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity, which is excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, is a major risk factor for several serious health issues, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Efforts to combat obesity and related diseases require understanding the basic biology of adipogenesis. However, in vitro studies do not result in lipid composition and morphology that are typically seen in vivo, likely because the in vitro conditions are not truly representative of in vivo adipose tissue formation. In vitro, low oxygen tension and cytoskeletal tension have been shown to independently regulate adipogenesis, but in vivo, these two factors simultaneously influence differentiation. Methods The purpose of our study was to examine the influence of physiological oxygen tension on cytoskeletal tension-mediated adipogenesis. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were differentiated under both ambient (20%) and physiological (5%) oxygen conditions and treated with cytoskeletal inhibitors, cytochalasin D or blebbistatin. Adipogenesis was assessed on the basis of gene expression and adipocyte metabolic function. Results Adipose tissue metabolic markers (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and triglycerides) were significantly down-regulated by physiological oxygen levels. Reducing cytoskeletal tension through the use of chemical inhibitors, either cytochalasin D or blebbistatin, resulted in an up-regulation of adipogenic gene expression (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4)) and metabolic markers, regardless of oxygen levels. Cytochalasin D and blebbistatin treatment altered cytoskeletal organization and associated tension via different mechanisms; however, both conditions had similar effects on adipogenesis, suggesting that physiological oxygen-mediated regulation of adipogenesis in ASCs is modulated, in part, by cytoskeletal tension. Conclusions These results demonstrated that interactions between the cytoskeleton and oxygen tension influence adipogenic differentiation of ASCs.
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18
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Corradetti B, Meucci A, Bizzaro D, Cremonesi F, Lange Consiglio A. Mesenchymal stem cells from amnion and amniotic fluid in the bovine. Reproduction 2013; 145:391-400. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amnion and amniotic fluid (AF) are noncontroversial and inexhaustible sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be harvested noninvasively at low cost. As in humans, also in veterinary field, presumptive stem cells derived from these tissues reveal as promising candidates for disease treatment, specifically for their plasticity, their reduced immunogenicity, and high anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this work is to obtain and characterize, for the first time in bovine species, presumptive MSCs from the epithelial portion of the amnion (AECs) and from the AF (AF-MSCs) to be used for clinical applications. AECs display a polygonal morphology, whereas AF-MSCs exhibit a fibroblastic-like morphology only starting from the second passage, being heterogeneous during the primary culture. For both lines, the proliferative ability has been found constant over the ten passages studied and AECs show a statistically lower (P<0.05) doubling time with respect to AF-MSCs. AECs express MSC-specific markers (ITGB1(CD29),CD44,ALCAM(CD166),ENG(CD105), andNT5E(CD73)) from P1 to P3; in AF-MSCs, onlyITGB1,CD44, andALCAMmRNAs are detected;NT5Eis expressed from P2 andENGhas not been found at any passage. AF-MSCs and AECs are positive for the pluripotent markers (POU5F1(OCT4) andMYC(c-Myc)) and lack of the hematopoietic markers. When appropriately induced, both cell lines are capable of differentiating into ectodermal and mesodermal lineages. This study contributes to reinforce the emerging importance of these cells as ideal tools in veterinary medicine. A deeper evaluation of the immunological properties needs to be performed in order to better understand their role in cellular therapy.
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19
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Kralisch S, Fasshauer M. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein: a novel adipokine involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and vascular disease? Diabetologia 2013; 56:10-21. [PMID: 23052058 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP, also known as aP2 and FABP4) has recently been introduced as a novel fat-derived circulating protein. AFABP serum concentrations are positively correlated with markers of the metabolic syndrome and vascular disease in various cross-sectional and interventional studies. Furthermore, a small set of prospective studies indicates that high AFABP serum levels at baseline predict the risk for metabolic and vascular morbidity and mortality. Studies in Afabp (also known as Fabp4) knockout mice and AFABP inhibitor-treated animals suggest that total AFABP promotes insulin resistance, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and atherosclerosis by ligand/ligand delivery, as well as ligand-independent mechanisms. In contrast, the pathophysiological significance of circulating AFABP and the mechanisms leading to its release remain to be established. The current review summarises recent findings on the regulation and potential role of AFABP in metabolic and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kralisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Human adipose tissue stem cells: relevance in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases and therapeutic applications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2012; 14:e19. [PMID: 23302474 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique cells exhibiting self-renewing properties and the potential to differentiate into multiple specialised cell types. Totipotent or pluripotent stem cells are generally abundant in embryonic or fetal tissues, but the use of discarded embryos as sources of these cells raises challenging ethical problems. Adult stem cells can also differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. In particular, adult adipose tissue contains a pool of abundant and accessible multipotent stem cells, designated as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), that are able to replicate as undifferentiated cells, to develop as mature adipocytes and to differentiate into multiple other cell types along the mesenchymal lineage, including chondrocytes, myocytes and osteocytes, and also into cells of endodermal and neuroectodermal origin, including beta-cells and neurons, respectively. An impairment in the differentiation potential and biological functions of ASCs may contribute to the development of obesity and related comorbidities. In this review, we summarise different aspects of the ASCs with special reference to the isolation and characterisation of these cell populations, their relation to the biochemical features of the adipose tissue depot of origin and to the metabolic characteristics of the donor subject and discuss some prospective therapeutic applications.
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21
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Janesick A, Blumberg B. Minireview: PPARγ as the target of obesogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:4-8. [PMID: 21251979 PMCID: PMC3116997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipogenesis and is medically important for its connections to obesity and the treatment of type II diabetes. Activation of this receptor by certain natural or xenobiotic compounds has been shown to stimulate adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Obesogens are chemicals that ultimately increase obesity through a variety of potential mechanisms, including activation of PPARγ. The first obesogen for which a definitive mechanism of action has been elucidated is the PPARγ and RXR activator tributyltin; however, not all chemicals that activate PPARγ are adipogenic or correlated with obesity in humans. There are multiple mechanisms through which obesogens can target PPARγ that may not involve direct activation of the receptor. Ligand-independent mechanisms could act through obesogen-mediated post-translational modification of PPARγ which cause receptor de-repression or activation. PPARγ is active in multipotent stem cells committing to the adipocyte fate during fat cell development. By modifying chromatin structure early in development, obesogens have the opportunity to influence the promoter activity of PPARγ, or the ability of PPARγ to bind to its target genes, ultimately biasing the progenitor pool towards the fat lineage. Obesogens that act by directly or indirectly activating PPARγ, by increasing the levels of PPARγ protein, or enhancing its recruitment to promoters of key genes in the adipogenic pathway may ultimately play an important role in adipogenesis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Janesick
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, United States
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22
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Yang TT, Reed AC, Athanasou NA. AP2 protein expression as a diagnostic marker in soft tissue tumours. Sarcoma 2011; 5:139-42. [PMID: 18521440 PMCID: PMC2408370 DOI: 10.1080/13577140120048593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose/Methods: The aP2 gene product (aP2 protein) is known to be expressed by preadipocytes and other immature fat
cells in vitro. A mouse monoclonal antibody raised against an 18 amino acid segment of the aP2 protein was found to react
with lipoblasts and fetal fat cells in paraffin sections of soft tissue tumours of adipose differentiation. In this immunohistochemical
study, we have further examined the diagnostic utility of aP2 expression in distinguishing tumours of adipose differentiation
from other benign and malignant soft tissue tumours. Result and discussion aP2 was strongly expressed by lipoblasts in lipoblastomas and all types of liposarcoma as well as brown
fat cells in hibernomas. Optimal conditions for immunohistochemical identification of lipoblasts in tumours of adipose differentiation
was noted when the antibody was diluted 1:30 to 1:50. Small lipoblast-like fat cells in pleomorphic lipoma and
spindle cell lipoma also showed variable staining for aP2 at this dilution of the antibody. Most benign and malignant soft
tissue tumours were distinguished by their absence of staining for aP2 protein, but some cases of myxoma, malignant fibrous
histiocytoma, synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma contained tumour cells which reacted for aP2. aP2 protein expression
is likely to prove a useful means of distinguishing lipoblasts in liposarcoma but it should be used as part of a tumour panel
to exclude expression in other forms of mesenchymal tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yang
- Department of Pathology Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Oxford Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre Oxford OX3 7LD UK
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Chatterjee R, Bhattacharya P, Gavrilova O, Glass K, Moitra J, Myakishev M, Pack S, Jou W, Feigenbaum L, Eckhaus M, Vinson C. Suppression of the C/EBP family of transcription factors in adipose tissue causes lipodystrophy. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 46:175-92. [PMID: 21321096 PMCID: PMC3159190 DOI: 10.1530/jme-10-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-specific inactivation of both AP-1 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) families of B-ZIP transcription factors in transgenic mice causes severe lipoatrophy. To evaluate whether inactivation of only C/EBP members was critical for lipoatrophy, A-C/EBP, a dominant-negative protein that specifically inhibits the DNA binding of the C/EBP members, was expressed in adipose tissue. For the first 2 weeks after birth, aP2-A-C/EBP mice had no white adipose tissue (WAT), drastically reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT), and exhibited marked hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. However, WAT appeared during the third week, coinciding with significantly improved metabolic functioning. In adults, BAT remained reduced, causing cold intolerance. At 30 weeks, the aP2-A-C/EBP mice had only 35% reduced WAT, with clear morphological signs of lipodystrophy in subcutaneous fat. Circulating leptin and adiponectin levels were less than the wild-type levels, and these mice exhibited impaired triglyceride clearance. Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and reduced free fatty acid release in response to β3-adrenergic agonist suggest improper functioning of the residual WAT. Gene expression analysis of inguinal WAT identified reduced mRNA levels of several enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and glucose metabolism that are known C/EBPα transcriptional targets. There were increased levels for genes involved in inflammation and muscle differentiation. However, when dermal fibroblasts from aP2-A-C/EBP mice were differentiated into adipocytes in tissue culture, muscle markers were elevated more than the inflammatory markers. These results demonstrate that the C/EBP family is essential for adipose tissue development during the early postnatal period, the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis in adults, and the suppression of the muscle lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Paramita Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jaideep Moitra
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Max Myakishev
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Stephanie Pack
- Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William Jou
- Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lionel Feigenbaum
- SAIC Frederick, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Veterinary Resources Program, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles Vinson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Corresponding author: Building 37, Room 3128, LM, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, tel: (301) 496-8753, fax: (301) 496-8419,
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Neogi S, Roy A, Naskar D. One-pot synthesis of new substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles via Petasis reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:617-29. [PMID: 20586482 DOI: 10.1021/cc900194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of a new substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles has been described via Petasis reactions. These tetrahydrocarbazoles exhibits various medicinal importance and might be suitable for elaboration into larger peptides at carboxy termini. The scope and limitations of this method have been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Neogi
- Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560 099, India
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25
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Nobusue H, Kano K. Establishment and characteristics of porcine preadipocyte cell lines derived from mature adipocytes. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:542-52. [PMID: 20013788 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of established preadipocyte cell lines, such as 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A, greatly facilitated the study of molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation under defined conditions. Most of these cell lines are derived from mouse embryos, and preadipocyte cell lines of other species have not yet been maintained in culture long enough to study differentiation under a variety of conditions. This is the first report on the establishment of porcine preadipocyte cell lines derived from mature adipocytes by a simple method, known as ceiling culture, for culturing mature adipocytes in vitro. This cell line can proliferate extensively until the cells become confluent and fully differentiated into mature adipocytes, depending on adipogenic induction. No changes in their differentiation pattern are observed during their propagation, and they have been successfully carried and differentiated for at least 37 passages. This cell line maintains a normal phenotype without transforming spontaneously, even after long-term maintenance in culture. This achievement may lead to easy establishment of porcine preadipocyte cell lines and novel model systems for studying the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation and metabolism as a substitute for human preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
Human obesity and its complications are an increasing burden in developed and underdeveloped countries. Adipose tissue mass and the mechanisms that control it are central to elucidating the aetiology of obesity and insulin resistance. Over the past 15 years tremendous progress has been made in several avenues relating to adipose tissue. Knowledge of the lipolytic machinery has grown with the identification of new lipases, cofactors and interactions between proteins and lipids that are central to the regulation of basal and stimulated lipolysis. The dated idea of an inert lipid droplet has been appropriately revamped to that of a dynamic and highly-structured organelle that in itself offers regulatory control over lipolysis. The present review provides an overview of the numerous partners and pathways involved in adipose tissue lipolysis and their interaction under various metabolic states. Integration of these findings into whole adipose tissue metabolism and its systemic effects is also presented in the context of inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Identification of secreted proteins associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in Psammomys obesus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:1153-65. [PMID: 19636319 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle produces a variety of secreted proteins that have important roles in intercellular communication and affects processes such as glucose homoeostasis. The objective of this study was to develop a novel Signal Sequence Trap (SST) in conjunction with cDNA microarray technology to identify proteins secreted from skeletal muscle of Psammomys obesus that were associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN Secreted proteins that were differentially expressed between lean, normal glucose tolerant (NGT), overweight and impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and obese, T2D P. obesus were isolated using SST in conjunction with cDNA microarray technology. Subsequent gene expression was measured in tissues from P. obesus by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS The SST yielded 1600 positive clones, which were screened for differential expression. A total of 91 (approximately 6%) clones were identified by microarray to be differentially expressed between NGT, IGT and T2D P. obesus. These clones were sequenced to identify 51 genes, of which only 27 were previously known to encode secreted proteins. Three candidate genes not previously associated with obesity or type 2 diabetes, sushi domain containing 2, collagen and calcium-binding EGF domains 1 and periostin (Postn), as well as one gene known to be associated, complement component 1, were shown by RT-PCR to be differentially expressed in skeletal muscle of P. obesus. Further characterization of the secreted protein Postn revealed it to be predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, with higher expression in visceral compared with subcutaneous adipose depots. CONCLUSION SST in conjunction with cDNA microarray technology is a powerful tool to identify differentially expressed secreted proteins involved in complex diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, a number of candidate genes were identified, in particular, Postn, which may have a role in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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N-Benzyl-indolo carboxylic acids: Design and synthesis of potent and selective adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (A-FABP) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1745-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces the differentiation of a mesenchymal progenitor cell line, ROB-C26, into mature osteoblasts and adipocytes. Life Sci 2009; 84:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Samulin J, Berget I, Lien S, Sundvold H. Differential gene expression of fatty acid binding proteins during porcine adipogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:147-52. [PMID: 18621139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Four different subtypes of fatty acid binding proteins i.e. liver-type FABP1, heart/muscle-type FABP3, adipocyte-type FABP4 and epithelial/epidermal-type FABP5 are expressed in adipose tissue. However, only the regulatory role of FABP4 in adipogenesis has been thoroughly investigated. To increase the knowledge on possible roles of these FABP subtypes in preadipocyte differentiation, gene expression patterns were examined during adipogenesis in pig (Sus scrofa). FABP1 expression was induced in proliferating cells, whereas FABP3, FABP4 and FABP5 expression increased throughout preadipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, the FABP4 and FABP5 expression increased early in the differentiation, followed by FABP3 later in the differentiation process. This indicates a role of FABP4 and FABP5 in intracellular fatty acid transport during initiation of differentiation, whereas, FABP3 likely is involved in the transport of fatty acids during intermediate stages of adipogenesis. In this study we demonstrate that FABP3, FABP4 and FABP5 expression is correlated with that of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARA and PPARG). Altogether, this suggests a role of FABP1 during cell proliferation, whereas a coordinated expression of FABP3, FABP4 and FABP5 together with that of PPARA, PPARG1 and PPARG2 might be critical for the metabolic regulation during porcine adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
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31
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Liu RZ, Saxena V, Sharma MK, Thisse C, Thisse B, Denovan-Wright EM, Wright JM. The fabp4 gene of zebrafish (Danio rerio)--genomic homology with the mammalian FABP4 and divergence from the zebrafish fabp3 in developmental expression. FEBS J 2007; 274:1621-33. [PMID: 17480210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fishes differ from mammals in their fat deposition and distribution. The gene for adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP or FABP4) has not been identified thus far in fishes. We have determined the cDNA sequence and defined the structure of a fatty acid-binding protein gene (designated fabp4) from the zebrafish genome. The polypeptide sequence encoded by zebrafish fabp4 showed highest identity to the H(ad)-FABP or H6-FABP from Antarctic fishes and the putative orthologs from other teleost fishes (83-88%). Phylogenetic analysis clustered the zebrafish FABP4 with all Antarctic fish H6-FABPs and putative FABP4s from other fishes in a single clade, and then with the mammalian FABP4s in an extended clade. Zebrafish fabp4 was assigned to linkage group 19 at a distinct locus from fabp3. A number of closely linked syntenic genes surrounding the zebrafish fabp4 locus were found to be conserved with human FABP4. The zebrafish fabp4 transcripts showed sequential distribution in the developing eye, diencephalon and brain vascular system, from the middle somitogenesis stage to 48 h postfertilization, whereas fabp3 mRNA was located widely in the embryonic and/or larval central nervous system, retina, myotomes, pancreas and liver from middle somitogenesis to 5 days postfertilization. Differentiation in developmental regulation of zebrafish fabp4 and fabp3 gene transcription suggests distinct functions for these two paralogous genes in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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32
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Li B, Zerby HN, Lee K. Heart fatty acid binding protein is upregulated during porcine adipocyte development. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:1651-9. [PMID: 17431053 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) has been associated with intramuscular fat content in pigs. In the current study, we showed that expression of H-FABP mRNA in adipose tissue of adult pigs was 8.5% of that in heart and 30% of that in skeletal muscle, and that H-FABP mRNA level was more than 10% of that of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein mRNA in adipose tissue. Levels of H-FABP mRNA reached a maximum in adipose tissue from 7-d neonates, with no further increase in the adult. Also, H-FABP mRNA was induced during adipogenic differentiation of stromal-vascular cells derived from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In conclusion, H-FABP may play a role in adipose tissue development and function in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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33
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Kushiro M, Takahashi Y, Ide T. Modulation of Cutaneous Fatty Acid-binding Protein mRNA Expression in Rat Adipose Tissues by Hereditary Obesity and Dietary Fats. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:533-41. [PMID: 17898460 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein (C-FABP) is a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein multigene family expressed in various tissues. A high level of C-FABP mRNA in adipose tissue has been reported, but its physiological significance in regulating adipose tissue function is not clear. To obtain insights into the role of C-FABP in adipose tissue, we studied the obesity-related and dietary fat-related changes of C-FABP mRNA expression in adipose tissues. C-FABP mRNA levels in interscapular brown adipose tissue, and epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues were higher in Zucker fatty rats than in lean controls despite that the difference in brown adipose tissue was not significant. Fish oil compared to palm and safflower oils significantly reduced the mRNA level of C-FABP in brown adipose tissue and epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats except for one occasion. Our study demonstrated that C-FABP is a protein whose mRNA expression is easily modified by hereditary obesity and the type of dietary fat. Therefore, C-FABP may play a significant role in regulating adipocyte function in response to changes in nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kushiro
- Laboratory of Nutritional Function, Division of Food Functionality, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
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Sulsky R, Magnin DR, Huang Y, Simpkins L, Taunk P, Patel M, Zhu Y, Stouch TR, Bassolino-Klimas D, Parker R, Harrity T, Stoffel R, Taylor DS, Lavoie TB, Kish K, Jacobson BL, Sheriff S, Adam LP, Ewing WR, Robl JA. Potent and selective biphenyl azole inhibitors of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:3511-5. [PMID: 17502136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first disclosure of biphenyl azoles that are nanomolar binders of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP or aP2) with up to thousand-fold selectivity against muscle fatty acid binding protein and epidermal fatty acid binding protein. In addition a new radio-ligand to determine binding against the three fatty acid binding proteins was also synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sulsky
- Department of Metabolic Disease Chemistry, Bristol Myers-Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
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Liu TM, Martina M, Hutmacher DW, Hui JHP, Lee EH, Lim B. Identification of common pathways mediating differentiation of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells into three mesenchymal lineages. Stem Cells 2006; 25:750-60. [PMID: 17095706 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow (hBMSCs) and human adipose tissue (hAMSCs) represent a useful source of progenitor cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, it is not clear what the similarities and differences between them are. Like hBMSCs, hAMSCs can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells. Whether MSCs derived from different tissue sources represent fundamentally similar or different cell types is not clear. Given the possible different sources of MSCs for cell therapy, a comprehensive comparison of the different MSCs would be very useful. Here, we compared the transcriptome profile of hAMCS and hBMSCs during directed differentiation into bone, cartilage, and fat. Our data revealed considerable similarities between bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs). We uncovered an interesting bifurcation of pathways in both BMSCs and AMSCs, in which osteogenesis and adipogenesis appear to be linked in a differentiation branch separate from chondrogenesis. Our data suggest that although a set of common genes may be needed for early differentiation into all three lineages, a different set of signature genes is associated with maturation into fully differentiated cells. The recruitment of different late differentiation factors explains and supports our conclusion that BMSCs differentiate more efficiently into bone and cartilage, whereas AMSCs differentiate better into adipocytes. This study not only generated a rich database for continuing molecular characterization of various MSCs but also provided a rational basis for assessing qualities of MSCs from different sources for the purpose of cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ming Liu
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672
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Yoshinari K, Okino N, Sato T, Sugatani J, Miwa M. INDUCTION OF DETOXIFYING ENZYMES IN RODENT WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE BY ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:1081-9. [PMID: 16581946 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.007286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the main organ of drug metabolism, but the expression and induction by xenobiotics of drug-metabolizing enzymes is also often observed in extrahepatic tissues. Recently, we reported that lipophilic cytochrome P450 inducers, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), phenobarbital, and dexamethasone, induced CYP1, CYP2B, and CYP3A enzymes, respectively, in rat epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) at both mRNA and protein levels. To further confirm the xenobiotic-induced expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in adipose tissue, we studied the induction of CYP1A1 and other detoxifying enzymes by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and antioxidants. BNF increased CYP1A1 mRNA levels in several visceral WATs (epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric) to a greater degree than in subcutaneous WAT in rats. Using C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice with different responsiveness to aryl hydrocarbons and detecting cytoplasmic levels of AhR proteins, we have demonstrated that AhR mediates this CYP1A1 induction by BNF in WAT. Moreover, the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element pathway is also functional in WAT, since BNF, which is known to activate both AhR and Nrf2, and antioxidants including tert-butylhydroquinone, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and menadione induced the expression of Nrf2-target genes (NAD-(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferase A subunits, and heme oxygenase-1) in rats and mice. These results suggest that both AhR and Nrf2 pathways are active in WAT and that lipophilic compounds accumulated in WAT can activate these transcription factors to increase detoxification capability in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Yoshinari
- Department of Pharmaco-Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-ken 422-8526, Japan
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Chen N, Liu L, Zhang Y, Ginsberg HN, Yu YH. Whole-body insulin resistance in the absence of obesity in FVB mice with overexpression of Dgat1 in adipose tissue. Diabetes 2005; 54:3379-86. [PMID: 16306352 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is often associated with obesity. We tested whether augmentation of triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue by transgenic overexpression of the diacylglycerol aclytransferase-1 (Dgat1) gene causes obesity and/or alters insulin sensitivity. Male FVB mice expressing the aP2-Dgat1 had threefold more Dgat1 mRNA and twofold greater DGAT activity levels in adipose tissue. After 30 weeks of age, these mice had hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance on a high-fat diet but were not more obese than wild-type littermates. Compared with control littermates, Dgat1 transgenic mice were both insulin and leptin resistant and had markedly elevated plasma free fatty acid levels. Adipocytes from Dgat1 transgenic mice displayed increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis rates and decreased gene expression for fatty acid uptake. Muscle triglyceride content was unaffected, but liver mass and triglyceride content were increased by 20 and 300%, respectively. Hepatic insulin signaling was suppressed, as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of insulin receptor-beta (Tyr(1,131)/Tyr(1,146)) and protein kinase B (Ser473). Gene expression data suggest that the gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, were upregulated. Thus, adipose overexpression of Dgat1 gene in FVB mice leads to diet-inducible insulin resistance, which is secondary to redistribution of fat from adipose tissue to the liver in the absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Chen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St., PH 10-305J, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Mori T, Sakaue H, Iguchi H, Gomi H, Okada Y, Takashima Y, Nakamura K, Nakamura T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Kadowaki T, Matsuki Y, Ogawa W, Hiramatsu R, Kasuga M. Role of Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) in transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12867-75. [PMID: 15664998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410515200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors (KLFs) play diverse roles during cell differentiation and development in mammals. We have now shown by microarray analysis that expression of the KLF15 gene is markedly up-regulated during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. Inhibition of the function of KLF15, either by expression of a dominant negative mutant or by RNA interference, both reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and blocked adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to inducers of adipocyte differentiation. However, the dominant negative mutant of KLF15 did not affect the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) elicited by inducers of differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In addition, ectopic expression of KLF15 in NIH 3T3 or C2C12 cells triggered both lipid accumulation and the expression of PPARgamma in the presence of inducers of adipocyte differentiation. Ectopic expression of C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, or C/EBPalpha in NIH 3T3 cells also elicited the expression of KLF15 in the presence of inducers of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, KLF15 and C/EBPalpha acted synergistically to increase the activity of the PPARgamma2 gene promoter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our observations thus demonstrate that KLF15 plays an essential role in adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through its regulation of PPAR gamma expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Sakaue H, Ogawa W, Nakamura T, Mori T, Nakamura K, Kasuga M. Role of MAPK Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in Adipocyte Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:39951-7. [PMID: 15269202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407353200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Both time-dependent modulation of intracellular signaling molecules and sequential induction of transcriptional regulators are essential for the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. We have now shown that the activity, but not the abundance, of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is down-regulated during adipocyte differentiation. This decrease in p42/p44 MAPK activity does not appear to be a direct effect of hormonal inducers of differentiation but rather represents a characteristic event of adipocyte differentiation that is achieved through a persistent change in intracellular signaling. Although the phosphorylation or abundance of MEK, an upstream kinase for p42/p44 MAPK, was not altered during differentiation, the abundance of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a negative regulator of p42/p44 MAPK, was increased with a time course similar to that of the down-regulation of p42/p44 MAPK activity. Ectopic expression of MKP-1 in preadipocytes reduced and depletion of endogenous MKP-1 in mature adipocytes increased the activity of p42/p44 MAPK. Prevention of the up-regulation of MKP-1 abundance in preadipocytes by expression of Mkp-1 antisense RNA resulted in persistence of p42/p44 MAPK activation and blocked differentiation, effects that were reversed by the MEK inhibitor PD98059. These results suggest that MKP-1 plays an essential role in adipocyte differentiation through down-regulation of p42/p44 MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Fukumura D, Ushiyama A, Duda DG, Xu L, Tam J, Krishna V, Chatterjee K, Garkavtsev I, Jain RK. Paracrine regulation of angiogenesis and adipocyte differentiation during in vivo adipogenesis. Circ Res 2003; 93:e88-97. [PMID: 14525808 PMCID: PMC2755542 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000099243.20096.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing incidence of obesity worldwide, rational strategies are needed to control adipogenesis. Growth of any tissue requires the formation of a functional and mature vasculature. To gain mechanistic insight into the link between active adipogenesis and angiogenesis, we developed a model to visualize noninvasively and in real time both angiogenesis and adipogenesis using intravital microscopy. Implanted murine preadipocytes induced vigorous angiogenesis and formed fat pads in a mouse dorsal skin-fold chamber. The newly formed vessels subsequently remodeled into a mature network consisting of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, whereas the preadipocytes differentiated into adipocytes as confirmed by increased aP2 expression. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by transfection of preadipocytes with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma dominant-negative construct not only abrogated fat tissue formation but also reduced angiogenesis. Surprisingly, inhibition of angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) blocking antibody not only reduced angiogenesis and tissue growth but also inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. We found that part of this inhibition stems from the paracrine interaction between endothelial cells and preadipocytes and that VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells, but not preadipocytes, mediates this process. These findings reveal a reciprocal regulation of adipogenesis and angiogenesis, and suggest that blockade of VEGF signaling can inhibit in vivo adipose tissue formation. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02114, USA
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Gavrilova O, Haluzik M, Matsusue K, Cutson JJ, Johnson L, Dietz KR, Nicol CJ, Vinson C, Gonzalez FJ, Reitman ML. Liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma contributes to hepatic steatosis, triglyceride clearance, and regulation of body fat mass. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:34268-76. [PMID: 12805374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300043200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that mediates the antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinediones. PPAR gamma is present in adipose tissue and becomes elevated in fatty livers, but the roles of specific tissues in thiazolidinedione actions are unclear. We studied the function of liver PPAR gamma in both lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F-1 (AZIP) and wild type mice. In AZIP mice, ablation of liver PPAR gamma reduced the hepatic steatosis but worsened the hyperlipidemia, triglyceride clearance, and muscle insulin resistance. Inactivation of AZIP liver PPAR gamma also abolished the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rosiglitazone, demonstrating that, in the absence of adipose tissue, the liver is a primary and major site of thiazolidinedione action. In contrast, rosiglitazone remained effective in non-lipoatrophic mice lacking liver PPAR gamma, suggesting that adipose tissue is the major site of thiazolidinedione action in typical mice with adipose tissue. Interestingly, mice without liver PPAR gamma, but with adipose tissue, developed relative fat intolerance, increased adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Thus, liver PPAR gamma regulates triglyceride homeostasis, contributing to hepatic steatosis, but protecting other tissues from triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gavrilova
- Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2003. [PMID: 12475952 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02/02/0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Zuk
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2003. [PMID: 12475952 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-02-0105v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Zuk
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2002; 13:4279-95. [PMID: 12475952 PMCID: PMC138633 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-02-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4890] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Zuk
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Sakaue H, Konishi M, Ogawa W, Asaki T, Mori T, Yamasaki M, Takata M, Ueno H, Kato S, Kasuga M, Itoh N. Requirement of fibroblast growth factor 10 in development of white adipose tissue. Genes Dev 2002; 16:908-12. [PMID: 11959839 PMCID: PMC152358 DOI: 10.1101/gad.983202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important intercellular signaling molecules in developmental processes. Here, we show that FGF10 is secreted by cultured preadipocytes and that prevention of FGF10 signaling inhibits the expression of C/EBPbeta and the subsequent differentiation of these cells. An active form of C/EBPbeta rescued differentiation of the cells in which FGF10 signaling was blocked. Development of white adipose tissue and the expression of C/EBPbeta in this tissue of FGF10 knockout mice were markedly reduced, and the ability of embryonic fibroblasts derived from FGF10 knockout mice to differentiate into adipocytes was impaired. Therefore, FGF10 plays an important role in adipogenesis, at least partly by contributing to the expression of C/EBPbeta through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Bernlohr DA, Jenkins AE, Bennaars AA. Chapter 10 Adipose tissue and lipid metabolism. BIOCHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS AND MEMBRANES, 4TH EDITION 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(02)36012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Suga K, Saitoh M, Fukushima S, Takahashi K, Nara H, Yasuda S, Miyata K. Interleukin-11 induces osteoblast differentiation and acts synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein-2 in C3H10T1/2 cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21:695-707. [PMID: 11576464 DOI: 10.1089/107999001753124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine that supports various types of hematopoietic cell growth and is involved in bone resorption. We report here the involvement of recombinant human IL-11 (rHuIL-11) in osteoblast differentiation in mouse mesenchymal progenitor cells, C3H10T1/2. rHuIL-11 alone increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and upregulated expression levels of osteocalcin (OC), bone sialo protein (BSP), and parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) mRNA. rHuIL-11 had no effect on expression of type II collagen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein P2 (aP2), and myogenic MyoD protein (MyoD). Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rHuBMP)-2 increased ALP activity and mRNA expression of these genes except for MyoD. The expression patterns of ALP activity and osteoblast-specific or chondrocyte-specific genes suggest that rHuIL-11 may be involved in early differentiation of osteoblasts at a step earlier than that which is affected by rHuBMP-2. In support of this hypothesis, combined treatment with rHuIL-11 and rHuBMP-2 synergistically increased ALP activity and mRNA expression of OC and type II collagen, rHuIL-11 also abrogated the increased levels of PPAR-gamma2, aP2 mRNA caused by rHuBMP-2. Our results suggest that rHuIL-11 alone and in combination with rHuBMP-2 can induce osteoblastic differentiation of progenitor cells and plays an important role in osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suga
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Perrella MA, Pellacani A, Layne MD, Patel A, Zhao D, Schreiber BM, Storch J, Feinberg MW, Hsieh CM, Haber E, Lee ME. Absence of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein prevents the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. FASEB J 2001; 15:1774-6. [PMID: 11481226 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0017fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Perrella
- Program of Developmental Cardiovascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, and. Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Uysal KT, Scheja L, Wiesbrock SM, Bonner-Weir S, Hotamisligil GS. Improved glucose and lipid metabolism in genetically obese mice lacking aP2. Endocrinology 2000; 141:3388-96. [PMID: 10965911 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.9.7637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, aP2, is a member of the intracellular fatty acid binding protein family. Previously, studies have shown increased insulin sensitivity in aP2-deficient mice with dietary obesity. Here, we asked whether aP2-related alterations in lipolytic response and insulin production are features of obesity-induced insulin resistance and investigated the effects of aP2-deficiency on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice, a model of extreme obesity. ob/ob mice homozygous for the aP2 null allele (ob/ ob-aP2-/-) became more obese than ob/ob mice as indicated by significantly increased body weight and fat pad size but unaltered body length. However, despite their extreme adiposity, ob/ob-aP2-/- animals were more insulin-sensitive compared with ob/ob controls, as demonstrated by significantly lower plasma glucose and insulin levels and better performance in both insulin and glucose tolerance tests. These animals also showed improvements in dyslipidemia and had lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Lipolytic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation and lipolysis-associated insulin secretion was significantly reduced in ob/ob-aP2-/- mice. Interestingly, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while virtually abolished in ob/ob controls, was significantly improved in ob/ob-aP2-/- animals. There were no apparent morphological differences in the structure or size of the pancreatic islets between genotypes. Taken together, the data indicate that in obesity, aP2-deficiency not only improves peripheral insulin resistance but also preserves pancreatic beta cell function and has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Uysal
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Joyner CJ, Triffitt J, Puddle B, Athanasou NA. Development of a monoclonal antibody to the aP2 protein to identify adipocyte precursors in tumours of adipose differentiation. Pathol Res Pract 1999; 195:461-6. [PMID: 10448662 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(99)80049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
aP2 gene product (aP2 protein) expression has been shown to be a useful diagnostic marker for identification of lipoblasts and fetal fat cells in soft tissue tumours. A monoclonal antibody was developed by a mouse spleen cell-myeloma hybridoma technique to an 18 amino acid segment of the aP2 protein and was used to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of this protein in benign and malignant tumours of adipocytic differentiation and a wide variety of other soft tissue tumours. We found that aP2 protein was expressed by lipoblasts in liposarcomas and lipoblastomas and by brown fat cells in hibernomas and normal periadrenal fat. Other benign adipose tissue tumours and benign and malignant soft tissue tumours were distinguished from liposarcoma by absence of staining for aP2 protein. Immunohistochemical identification of the aP2 protein is likely to prove a useful means of distinguishing liposarcoma from other malignant mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms, some of which contain cells that morphologically resemble lipoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Joyner
- MRC Bone Research Laboratory, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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