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Kowalewski J, Paris T, Gonzalez C, Lelièvre E, Castaño Valencia L, Boutrois M, Augier C, Lutfalla G, Yatime L. Characterization of a member of the CEACAM protein family as a novel marker of proton pump-rich ionocytes on the zebrafish epidermis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254533. [PMID: 34252160 PMCID: PMC8274849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, several members of the CEACAM receptor family have been shown to interact with intestinal pathogens in an inflammatory context. While CEACAMs have long been thought to be only present in mammals, recent studies have identified ceacam genes in other vertebrates, including teleosts. The function of these related genes remains however largely unknown. To gain insight into the function of CEACAM proteins in fish, we undertook the study of a putative member of the family, CEACAMz1, identified in Danio rerio. Sequence analysis of the ceacamz1 gene product predicted a GPI-anchored extracellular protein containing eleven immunoglobulin domains but revealed no evident orthology with human CEACAMs. Using a combination of RT-PCR analyses and in situ hybridization experiments, as well as a fluorescent reporter line, we showed that CEACAMz1 is first expressed in discrete cells on the ventral skin of zebrafish larvae and later on in the developing gills. This distribution remains constant until juvenile stage is reached, at which point CEACAMz1 is almost exclusively expressed in gills. We further observed that at late larval stages, CEACAMz1-expressing cells mostly localize on the afferent side of the branchial filaments and possibly in the inter-lamellar space. Using immunolabelling and 3D-reconstructions, we showed that CEACAMz1 is expressed in cells from the uppermost layer of skin epidermis. These cells are embedded within the keratinocytes pavement and we unambiguously identified them as proton-pump rich ionocytes (HR cells). As the expression of ceacamz1 is turned on concomitantly to that of other known markers of HR cells, we propose that ceacamz1 may serve as a novel marker of mature HR cells from the zebrafish epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Théo Paris
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Lelièvre
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Lina Castaño Valencia
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgan Boutrois
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Augier
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Yatime
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), UMR5235, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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2
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Luebke AM, Ricken W, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Schroeder C, Büscheck F, Möller K, Dum D, Höflmayer D, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Haese A, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Meiners J. Loss of the adhesion molecule CEACAM1 is associated with early biochemical recurrence in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive prostate cancers. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:575-583. [PMID: 32150281 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been linked to adverse tumor features in various cancer types. To better understand the role of CEACAM1 in prostate cancer, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing tumor spots from 17,747 prostate cancer patients by means of immunohistochemistry. Normal prostate glands showed intense membranous CEACAM1 positivity. Immunostaining was interpretable in 13,625 cancers and was considered high in 28%, low in 43% and absent in 29% of tumors. Low and lost CEACAM1 expression was strongly linked to adverse tumor features including high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage, positive surgical margin, a high number of genomic deletions and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). Subset analysis of molecularly defined cancer subsets revealed that these associations were strongest in V-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) fusion-positive cancers and that CEACAM1 loss was prognostic even in tumors harboring genomic deletions of the phosphatase and tensin homolog tumor suppressor (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis suggested that CEACAM1 analysis can provide independent prognostic information beyond established prognosis parameters at the stage of the initial biopsy when therapy decisions must be taken. In conclusion, loss of CEACAM1 expression predicts poor prognosis in prostate cancer and might provide clinically useful prognostic information particularly in cancers harboring the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ricken
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Meiners
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Rayes RF, Vourtzoumis P, Bou Rjeily M, Seth R, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Berube J, Huang YH, Rousseau S, Camilleri-Broet S, Blumberg RS, Beauchemin N, Najmeh S, Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer JD, Ferri LE. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Associated CEACAM1 as a Putative Therapeutic Target to Prevent Metastatic Progression of Colon Carcinoma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2285-2294. [PMID: 32169849 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils promote tumor growth and metastasis at multiple stages of cancer progression. One mechanism through which this occurs is via release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We have previously shown that NETs trap tumor cells in both the liver and the lung, increasing their adhesion and metastasis following postoperative complications. Multiple studies have since shown that NETs play a role in tumor progression and metastasis. NETs are composed of nuclear DNA-derived web-like structures decorated with neutrophil-derived proteins. However, it is unknown which, if any, of these NET-affiliated proteins is responsible for inducing the metastatic phenotype. In this study, we identify the NET-associated carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) as an essential element for this interaction. Indeed, blocking CEACAM1 on NETs, or knocking it out in a murine model, leads to a significant decrease in colon carcinoma cell adhesion, migration and metastasis. Thus, this work identifies NET-associated CEACAM1 as a putative therapeutic target to prevent the metastatic progression of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F Rayes
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Phil Vourtzoumis
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marianne Bou Rjeily
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rashmi Seth
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julie Berube
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broet
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | | | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sara Najmeh
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lorenzo E Ferri
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada;
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4
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Hayashi S, Osada Y, Miura K, Simizu S. Cell-dependent regulation of vasculogenic mimicry by carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100734. [PMID: 32025578 PMCID: PMC6997815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) promotes tumor migration, metastasis, and invasion in various types of cancer, but the relationship between VM and these phenotypes remains undefined. In this study, we examined carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) as a novel target of VM. We found that ectopic expression of CEACAM1 in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells suppressed the formation of a VM-like network. Further, cell migration and proliferation were abated by the introduction of CEACAM1 into HT1080 cells. Conversely, knockout (KO) of the CEACAM1 gene in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells, which normally express high levels of CEACAM1, inhibited formation of a VM-like network, which was covered on reintroduction of CEACAM1. These results suggest that CEACAM1 differentially regulates formation of the VM-like network between cancer cell types and implicate CEACAM1 as a novel therapeutic target in malignant cancer. CEACAM1 is not expressed in HT1080 cells, and overexpression of CEACAM1 in HT1080 cells suppresses vasculogenic mimicry. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in SK-MEL-28 cells, and deletion of CEACAM1 in SK-MEL-28 cells abolishes vasculogenic mimicry. CEACAM1 regulates vasculogenic mimicry in a cell-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Osada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Binding of Candida albicans to Human CEACAM1 and CEACAM6 Modulates the Inflammatory Response of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.02142-16. [PMID: 28292985 PMCID: PMC5350469 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02142-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans colonizes human mucosa, including the gastrointestinal tract, as a commensal. In immunocompromised patients, C. albicans can breach the intestinal epithelial barrier and cause fatal invasive infections. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1; CD66a), CEACAM5 (CEA), and CEACAM6 (CD66c) are immunomodulatory receptors expressed on human mucosa and are recruited by bacterial and viral pathogens. Here we show for the first time that a fungal pathogen (i.e., C. albicans) also binds directly to the extracellular domain of human CEACAM1, CEACAM3, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6. Binding was specific for human CEACAMs and mediated by the N-terminal IgV-like domain. In enterocytic C2BBe1 cells, C. albicans caused a transient tyrosine phosphorylation of CEACAM1 and induced higher expression of membrane-bound CEACAM1 and soluble CEACAM6. Lack of the CEACAM1 receptor after short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown abolished CXCL8 (interleukin-8) secretion by C2BBe1 cells in response to C. albicans In CEACAM1-competent cells, the addition of recombinant soluble CEACAM6 reduced the C. albicans-induced CXCL8 secretion.IMPORTANCE The present study demonstrates for the first time that fungal pathogens can be recognized by at least four members of the immunomodulatory CEACAM receptor family: CEACAM1, -3, -5, and -6. Three of the four receptors (i.e., CEACAM1, -5, and -6) are expressed in mucosal cells of the intestinal tract, where they are implicated in immunomodulation and control of tissue homeostasis. Importantly, the interaction of the major fungal pathogen in humans Candida albicans with CEACAM1 and CEACAM6 resulted in an altered epithelial immune response. With respect to the broad impact of CEACAM receptors on various aspects of the innate and the adaptive immune responses, in particular epithelial, neutrophil, and T cell behavior, understanding the role of CEACAMs in the host response to fungal pathogens might help to improve management of superficial and systemic fungal infections.
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6
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Rueckschloss U, Kuerten S, Ergün S. The role of CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) in vascular homeostasis. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:657-671. [PMID: 27695943 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily, are expressed in a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types and exert context-dependent activating as well as inhibitory effects. Among these molecules, the CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) is a transmembrane molecule with an extracellular, a transmembrane and a cytoplasmic domain. The latter contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs and functions as a signaling molecule. CEACAM1 can form homo- and heterodimers which is relevant for its signaling activities. CEACAM1 acts as co-receptor that modulates the activity of different receptor types including VEGFR-2, and B and T cell receptors. CEACAM1 is expressed in endothelial cells, in pericytes of developing and newly formed immature blood vessels and in angiogenically activated adult vessels, e.g., tumor blood vessels. However, it is either undetectable or only weakly expressed in quiescent blood vessels. Recent studies indicated that CEACAM1 is involved in the regulation of the endothelial barrier function. In CEACAM1 -/- mice, increased vascular permeability and development of small atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the aortae. CEACAM1 is also detectable in activated lymphatic endothelial cells and plays a role in tumor lymphangiogenesis. This review summarizes the vascular effects of CEACAM1 and focuses on its role in vascular morphogenesis and endothelial barrier regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Köllikerstrasse 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Köllikerstrasse 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Köllikerstrasse 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Ashkenazi S, Ortenberg R, Besser M, Schachter J, Markel G. SOX9 indirectly regulates CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30166-77. [PMID: 26885752 PMCID: PMC5058672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As melanoma cells are immunogenic, they instigate an adaptive immune response and production of anti-tumor T-cells. A central factor in this interaction is CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), a transmembrane glycoprotein previously shown in our lab to protect melanoma cells from T cell-mediated killing. In this study, we examine the role of transcription factor SOX9 in the regulation of CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Knockdown of endogenous SOX9 results in CEACAM1 up-regulation, while its overexpression leads to the opposite effect. We show that SOX9 controls CEACAM1 expression at a transcriptional level, but in an indirect manner, as regulation of the CEACAM1 promoter remains intact even when all eight potential SOX9-binding sites are abolished. A series of promoter truncations localizes the SOX9-controlled area to the proximal 200bp of the promoter. Point mutations in putative Sp1 and ETS1 binding sites identify these transcription factors as the primary SOX9-controlled mediators. Co-immunoprecipitation studies show that SOX9 and Sp1 physically interact in melanoma cells, while silencing of SOX9 down-regulates ETS1, but not Sp1, in the same cells. Finally, knockdown of SOX9 indeed renders melanoma cells resistant to T cell-mediated killing, in line with the increased CEACAM1 expression. In conclusion, we show that SOX9 regulates CEACAM1 expression in melanoma cells, and thereby their immune resistance. As CEACAM1 is a pivotal protein in melanoma biology and immune crosstalk, further understanding of its regulation can provide new insights and contribute to the development of novel approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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8
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Ortenberg R, Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg I, Zamlin B, Sapoznik S, Greenberg E, Barshack I, Avivi C, Feiler Y, Zan-Bar I, Besser MJ, Azizi E, Eitan F, Schachter J, Markel G. CEACAM1 promotes melanoma cell growth through Sox-2. Neoplasia 2014; 16:451-60. [PMID: 24931667 PMCID: PMC4198694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in melanoma was demonstrated more than a decade ago as superior to Breslow score. We have previously shown that intercellular homophilic CEACAM1 interactions protect melanoma cells from lymphocyte-mediated elimination. Here, we study the direct effects of CEACAM1 on melanoma cell biology. By employing tissue microarrays and low-passage primary cultures of metastatic melanoma, we show that CEACAM1 expression gradually increases from nevi to metastatic specimens, with a strong dominance of the CEACAM1-Long tail splice variant. Using experimental systems of CEACAM1 knockdown and overexpression of selective variants or truncation mutants, we prove that only the full-length long tail variant enhances melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This effect is not reversed with a CEACAM1-blocking antibody, suggesting that it is not mediated by intercellular homophilic interactions. Downstream, CEACAM1-Long increases the expression of Sox-2, which we show to be responsible for the CEACAM1-mediated enhanced proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of the CEACAM1 promoter reveals two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly enhance the promoter's activity compared with the consensus nucleotides. Importantly, case-control genetic SNP analysis of 134 patients with melanoma and matched healthy donors show that patients with melanoma do not exhibit the Hardy-Weinberg balance and that homozygous SNP genotype enhances the hazard ratio to develop melanoma by 35%. These observations shed new mechanistic light on the role of CEACAM1 in melanoma, forming the basis for development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilanit Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Zamlin
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Sapoznik
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Yulia Feiler
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Zan-Bar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Friedman Eitan
- The Susanne-Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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9
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Stocks SC, Hopwood D, Sanders DSA, Kerr MA. The expression of Lewisx on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related glycoproteins of normal and inflamed oesophageal squamous mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00919336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Hatakeyama K, Wakabayashi-Nakao K, Ohshima K, Sakura N, Yamaguchi K, Mochizuki T. Novel protein isoforms of carcinoembryonic antigen are secreted from pancreatic, gastric and colorectal cancer cells. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:381. [PMID: 24070190 PMCID: PMC3850884 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) is an oncofetal cell surface glycoprotein. Because of its high expression in cancer cells and secretion into serum, CEA has been widely used as a serum tumor marker. Although other members of CEACAM family were investigated for splice variants/variants-derived protein isoforms, few studies about the variants of CEACAM5 have been reported. In this study, we demonstrated the existence of novel CEACAM5 splice variants and splice variant-derived protein isoforms in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Results We identified two novel CEACAM5 splice variants in gastrointestinal (pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal) cancer cell lines. One of the variants possessed an alternative minor splice site that allowed generation of GC-AG intron. Furthermore, CEA protein isoforms derived from the novel splice variants were expressed in cancer cell lines and those protein isoforms were secreted into the culture medium. Although CEA protein isoforms always co-existed with the full-length protein, the secretion patterns of these isoforms did not correlate with the expression patterns. Conclusions This is the first study to identify the expression of CEA isoforms derived from the novel splice variants processed on the unique splice site. In addition, we also revealed the secretion of those isoforms from gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Our findings suggested that discrimination between the full-length and identified protein isoforms may improve the clinical utility of CEA as a tumor marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hatakeyama
- Medical Genetics Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan.
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11
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Patel PC, Lee HSW, Ming AYK, Rath A, Deber CM, Yip CM, Rocheleau JV, Gray-Owen SD. Inside-out signaling promotes dynamic changes in the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) oligomeric state to control its cell adhesion properties. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29654-69. [PMID: 24005674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.504639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell contacts are fundamental to multicellular organisms and are subject to exquisite levels of control. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) can engage in both cis-homophilic (parallel) oligomerization and trans-homophilic (anti-parallel) binding. In this study, we establish that the CEACAM1 transmembrane domain has a propensity to form cis-dimers via the transmembrane-embedded (432)GXXXG(436) motif and that this basal state is overcome when activated calmodulin binds to the CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain. Although mutation of the (432)GXXXG(436) motif reduced CEACAM1 oligomerization, it did not affect surface localization of the receptor or influence CEACAM1-dependent cellular invasion by the pathogenic Neisseria. The mutation did, however, have a striking effect on CEACAM1-dependent cellular aggregation, increasing both the kinetics of cell-cell association and the size of cellular aggregates formed. CEACAM1 association with tyrosine kinase c-Src and tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 was not affected by the (432)GXXXG(436) mutation, consistent with their association with the monomeric form of wild type CEACAM1. Collectively, our results establish that a dynamic oligomer-to-monomer shift in surface-expressed CEACAM1 facilitates trans-homophilic binding and downstream effector signaling.
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12
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Skubitz KM, Skubitz APN. Two new synthetic peptides from the N-domain of CEACAM1 (CD66a) stimulate neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Biopolymers 2011; 96:25-31. [PMID: 20560140 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Four members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, CEACAMs 1, 3, 6, and 8, are expressed on human neutrophils and can trigger an activation signal that increases neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers. To identify active sites on CEACAM1, we previously performed molecular modeling using IgG and CD4 as models, and 28 peptides of 14 amino acids in length were synthesized that were predicted to be present at loops and turns between β-sheets. Three peptides, each from the N-terminal domain, increased neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC monolayers and upregulated cell-surface CD11b/CD18 expression on neutrophils. In our earlier study, one N-domain peptide (CD66a-7) was not successfully synthesized, and another N-domain peptide (CD66a-6) was not soluble in the assay system. In the present study, we have now successfully synthesized CD66a-7, and a new peptide (CD66a-6L), that is a modification of the peptide that was insoluble in the earlier study. Both of these new peptides increased neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC monolayers. Importantly, the amino acid sequence of CD66a-7 is identical to the homologous peptides from CEACAMs 3, 5, and 6, but differs from the homologous peptide of CEACAM8, which was not active in this system. CD66a-6L is identical to the homologous peptide from CEACAM6. The data suggest that peptide motifs from at least five regions of the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1 are involved in the interaction of CEACAM1 with other ligands and can initiate signal transduction in neutrophils. Some of these active peptides are identical to homologous regions of other CEACAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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13
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Angiopoietins-1 and -2 play opposing roles in endothelial sprouting of embryoid bodies in 3D culture and their receptor Tie-2 associates with the cell-cell adhesion molecule PECAM1. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2171-82. [PMID: 21723278 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietins 1 and 2, ligands for the receptor kinase Tie-2, have been proposed to play critical but opposing roles in vascular development. Since signaling by Tie-2 is likely affected by other endothelial cell receptors such as Flk-1, the receptor for VEGF, and cell-cell adhesion receptors PECAM1 and VE-cad, we explored their interactions in a 3D model of vasculogenesis. When murine embryoid bodies (EBs) were treated with VEGF in Matrigel in the presence or absence of Ang-1 or Ang-2 for eight days, Ang-1 abrogated vascular sprouting for treatments started at days 0 or 3. In contrast, Ang-2 greatly accelerated vascular sprouting compared to untreated EBs. These results were confirmed in a second model system where VEGF treated HUVECs were grown in Matrigel in the presence or absence of Ang-1 or Ang-2. Since vascular sprouting must be precisely controlled in the developing embryo, it is likely that cell-cell adhesion molecules play a role in sensing the density of vascular sprouts. In this respect, we have shown that PECAM1 and CEACAM1 play essential roles in vascular sprouting. We now show that PECAM1 is associated with Tie-2, becomes phosphorylated on its ITIMs, and recruits the inhibitory phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. In addition, PECAM1 is associated with VE-cad and may similarly regulate its signaling via recruitment of SHP-1/2.
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14
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Lobo EO, Zhang Z, Shively JE. Pivotal advance: CEACAM1 is a negative coreceptor for the B cell receptor and promotes CD19-mediated adhesion of B cells in a PI3K-dependent manner. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:205-18. [PMID: 19454653 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon antigen binding, the BCR transduces a signal culminating in proliferation or in AICD of the B cell. Coreceptor engagement and subsequent modification of the BCR signal pathway are mechanisms that guide the B cell to its appropriate fate. For example, in the absence of coreceptor engagement, anti-sIgM antibodies induce apoptosis in the human Daudi B cell lymphoma cell line. ITIM-bearing B cell coreceptors that potentially may act as negative coreceptors include FcRgammaIIb, CD22, CD72, and CEACAM1 (CD66a). Although the role of CEACAM1 as an inhibitory coreceptor in T cells has been established, its role in B cells is poorly defined. We show that anti-sIgM antibody and PI3K inhibitor LY294002-induced apoptosis are reduced significantly in CEACAM1 knock-down clones compared with WT Daudi cells and that anti-sIgM treatment induced CEACAM1 tyrosine phosphorylation and association with SHP-1 in WT cells. In contrast, treatment of WT Daudi cells with anti-CD19 antibodies does not induce apoptosis and has reduced tyrosine phosphorylation and SHP-1 recruitment to CEACAM1. Thus, similar to its function in T cells, CEACAM1 may act as an inhibitory B cell coreceptor, most likely through recruitment of SHP-1 and inhibition of a PI3K-promoted activation pathway. Activation of B cells by anti-sIgM or anti-CD19 antibodies also leads to cell aggregation that is promoted by CEACAM1, also in a PI3K-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Lobo
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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15
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Skubitz KM, Skubitz APN. Interdependency of CEACAM-1, -3, -6, and -8 induced human neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. J Transl Med 2008; 6:78. [PMID: 19077207 PMCID: PMC2628881 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family (CEACAMs) are widely expressed, and, depending on the tissue, capable of regulating diverse functions including tumor promotion, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and neutrophil activation. Four members of this family, CEACAM1, CEACAM8, CEACAM6, and CEACAM3 (recognized by CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d mAbs, respectively), are expressed on human neutrophils. CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d antibodies each increase neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. This increase in neutrophil adhesion caused by CD66 antibodies is blocked by CD18 mAbs and is associated with upregulation of CD11/CD18 on the neutrophil surface. To examine potential interactions of CEACAMs in neutrophil signaling, the effects on neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells of a set of CD66 mAbs was tested following desensitization to stimulation by various combinations of these mAbs. Addition of a CD66 mAb in the absence of calcium results in desensitization of neutrophils to stimulation by that CD66 mAb. The current data show that desensitization of neutrophils to any two CEACAMs results in selective desensitization to those two CEACAMs, while the cells remain responsive to the other two neutrophil CEACAMs. In addition, cells desensitized to CEACAM-3, -6, and -8 were still responsive to stimulation of CEACAM1 by CD66a mAbs. In contrast, desensitization of cells to CEACAM1 and any two of the other CEACAMs left the cells unresponsive to all CD66 mAbs. Cells desensitized to any combination of CEACAMs remained responsive to the unrelated control protein CD63. Thus, while there is significant independence of the four neutrophil CEACAMs in signaling, CEACAM1 appears to play a unique role among the neutrophil CEACAMs. A model in which CEACAMs dimerize to form signaling complexes could accommodate the observations. Similar interactions may occur in other cells expressing CEACAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- The Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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16
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Rahmoun M, Molès JP, Pedretti N, Mathieu M, Fremaux I, Raison-Peyron N, Lecron JC, Yssel H, Pène J. Cytokine-induced CEACAM1 expression on keratinocytes is characteristic for psoriatic skin and contributes to a prolonged lifespan of neutrophils. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:671-81. [PMID: 18843289 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell-surface glycoprotein, belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen family, expressed by human neutrophils, epithelial cells, activated T and NK cells. CEACAM1 is expressed as a cell-surface molecule with different isoforms or can be secreted as a soluble protein. Here, we show that keratinocytes in the outer epidermal layer of psoriatic skin express CEACAM1, unlike those in healthy skin or in cutaneous lesions of patients with atopic or nummular dermatitis. Stimulation of primary human keratinocytes or in vitro reconstituted epidermis with culture supernatants of activated psoriatic lesion-infiltrating T cells, IFN-gamma or oncostatin M, but not IL-17, induced the expression of transcripts for the CEACAM1-long and -short isoforms and cell-surface CEACAM1, whereas soluble CEACAM1 was not produced. The uppermost layers of the epidermis in psoriatic lesions also contain neutrophils, a cell type with inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Coculture of CEACAM1-expressing keratinocytes or CHO transfectants with neutrophils delayed spontaneous apoptosis of the latter cells. These results show that cytokine-induced cell-surface expression of CEACAM1 by keratinocytes in the context of a psoriatic environment might contribute to the persistence of neutrophils and thus to ongoing inflammation and the decreased propensity for skin infection, typical for patients with psoriasis.
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17
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Markel G, Seidman R, Cohen Y, Besser MJ, Sinai TC, Treves AJ, Orenstein A, Berger R, Schachter J. Dynamic expression of protective CEACAM1 on melanoma cells during specific immune attack. Immunology 2008; 126:186-200. [PMID: 18557789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient immune response against tumours depends on a well-orchestrated function of integrated components, but is finally exerted by effector tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We have previously reported that homophilic CEACAM1 interactions inhibit the specific killing and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release activities of natural killer cells and TIL. In this study a model for the investigation of melanoma cells surviving long coincubation with antigen-specific TIL is reported. It is demonstrated that the surviving melanoma cells increase their surface CEACAM1 expression, which in turn confers enhanced resistance against fresh TIL. Furthermore, it is shown that this is an active process, driven by specific immune recognition and is at least partially mediated by lymphocyte-derived IFN-gamma. Similar results were observed with antigen-restricted TIL, either autologous or allogeneic, as well as with natural killer cells. The enhanced CEACAM1 expression depends, however, on the presence of IFN-gamma and sharply drops within 48 hr. This may be a mechanism that allows tumour cells to transiently develop a more resistant phenotype upon recognition by specific lymphocytes. Therefore, this work substantiates the melanoma-promoting role of CEACAM1 and marks it as an attractive target for novel immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- The Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Cancer Research Centre, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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18
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Öbrink B. On the role of CEACAM1 in cancer. Lung Cancer 2008; 60:309-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Klaile E, Müller MM, Kannicht C, Otto W, Singer BB, Reutter W, Obrink B, Lucka L. The cell adhesion receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 regulates nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of DNA polymerase delta-interacting protein 38. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:26629-40. [PMID: 17623671 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701807200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The homophilic cell-cell adhesion receptor CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, CD66a) acts as a regulator of contact-dependent cell survival, differentiation, and growth. It is involved in the control of proliferation in hematopoietic and epithelial cells and can act as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we identify DNA polymerase delta-interacting protein 38 (PDIP38) as a novel binding partner for CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S. We show that PDIP38 can occur in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane in NBT-II, IEC18, RBE, and HeLa cells and that the distribution in NBT-II cells is influenced by the confluency of the cells. We also demonstrate that the interaction of CEACAM1 and PDIP38 is of functional importance in NBT-II cells, which co-express the long and the short CEACAM1 isoform. In subconfluent, proliferating NBT-II cells, perturbation of CEACAM1 by antibody clustering induces increased binding to PDIP38 and results in rapid recruitment of PDIP38 to the plasma membrane. The same treatment of confluent, quiescent NBT-II cells leads to a different response, i.e. translocation of PDIP38 to the nucleus. Together, our data show that PDIP38 can shuttle between the cytoplasmic and the nuclear compartments and that its subcellular localization is regulated by CEACAM1, implicating that PDIP38 may constitute a novel downstream target of CEACAM1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Klaile
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin-Dahlem D-14195, Germany.
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20
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Liu W, Wei W, Winer D, Bamberger AM, Bamberger C, Wagener C, Ezzat S, Asa SL. CEACAM1 impedes thyroid cancer growth but promotes invasiveness: a putative mechanism for early metastases. Oncogene 2007; 26:2747-58. [PMID: 17057731 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CEACAM1, also known as biliary glycoprotein (BGP), CD66a, pp120 and C-CAM1, is a member of the CEA immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM1 is a putative tumor suppressor based on diminished expression in some solid neoplasms such as colorectal carcinoma. However, CEACAM1 is overexpressed in some tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer. To clarify the mechanism of action of this cell adhesion molecule, we studied thyroid carcinoma that has a spectrum of morphologies and variable behavior allowing separation of proliferation from invasion and metastasis. CEACAM1 is expressed in thyroid carcinoma cell lines derived from tumors that exhibit aggressive behavior. Introduction of CEACAM1 into endogenously deficient WRO cells resulted in reduced cell cycle progression associated with p21 upregulation and diminished Rb phosphorylation. Forced CEACAM1 expression enhanced cell-matrix adhesion and migration and promoted tumor invasiveness. Conversely, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of CEACAM1 expression in MRO cells accelerated cell cycle progression and significantly enhanced tumor size in xenografted mice. CEACAM1 is not appreciably expressed in normal thyroid tissue or benign thyroid tumors. In a human thyroid tissue array, CEACAM1 reactivity was associated with metastatic spread but not with increased tumor size. These findings identify CEACAM1 as a unique mediator that restricts tumor growth whereas increasing metastatic potential. Our data highlight a complex repertoire of actions providing a putative mechanism underlying the spectrum of biologic behaviors associated with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network and Toronto Medical Laboratories, and University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Markel G, Seidman R, Stern N, Cohen-Sinai T, Izhaki O, Katz G, Besser M, Treves AJ, Blumberg RS, Loewenthal R, Mandelboim O, Orenstein A, Schachter J. Inhibition of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte effector functions by the homophilic carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1 interactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:6062-71. [PMID: 17056532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient antitumor immune response requires the coordinated function of integrated immune components, but is finally exerted by the differentiated effector tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). TIL cells comprise, therefore, an exciting platform for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) in cancer. In this study, we show that the inhibitory carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) protein is found on virtually all human TIL cells following preparation protocols of ACT treatment for melanoma. We further demonstrate that the CEACAM1 homophilic interactions inhibit the TIL effector functions, such as specific killing and IFN-gamma release. These results suggest that CEACAM1 may impair in vivo the antitumor response of the differentiated TIL. Importantly, CEACAM1 is commonly expressed by melanoma and its presence is associated with poor prognosis. Remarkably, the prolonged coincubation of reactive TIL cells with their melanoma targets results in increased functional CEACAM1 expression by the surviving tumor cells. This mechanism might be used by melanoma cells in vivo to evade ongoing destruction by tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Finally, CEACAM1-mediated inhibition may hinder in many cases the efficacy of TIL ACT treatment of melanoma. We show that the intensity of CEACAM1 expression on TIL cells constantly increases during ex vivo expansion. The implications of CEACAM1-mediated inhibition of TIL cells on the optimization of current ACT protocols and on the development of future immunotherapeutic modalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
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22
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Shao L, Allez M, Park MS, Mayer L. Immunomodulatory roles of the carcinoembryonic antigen family of glycoproteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1072:194-209. [PMID: 17057200 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1326.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the most remarkable aspects of the immune system is its ability to fashion an immune response most appropriate to the activating stimulus. Although the immune system possesses a number of adaptations to accomplish this, an important theme is local immune regulation by site-specific expression of receptors and ligands. One family of molecules that is gaining attention as modulators of the immune system is the carcinoembryonic antigen cell-adhesion molecule family (CEACAM). Functionally, the carcinoembryonic antigen family can mediate cell-cell contact, host-pathogen interactions, and immune regulation. For example, biliary glycoprotein (CEACAM1) can have direct activity on T cells, leading to the inhibition of helper or cytotoxic T cell function. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5) on intestinal epithelial cells is involved in the activation of populations of regulatory CD8(+) T cells, while a distinct subset of regulatory CD8+ T cells is activated by nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (CEACAM6) on placental trophoblasts. Interestingly, the function and phenotype of these cells depend upon the specific member of the carcinoembryonic antigen family expressed, as well as the antigen-presenting molecule with which it associates. Thus, these glycoproteins comprise a family of molecules whose functions can depend on their nature and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shao
- Center for Immunobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Nagaishi T, Pao L, Lin SH, Iijima H, Kaser A, Qiao SW, Chen Z, Glickman J, Najjar SM, Nakajima A, Neel BG, Blumberg RS. SHP1 Phosphatase-Dependent T Cell Inhibition by CEACAM1 Adhesion Molecule Isoforms. Immunity 2006; 25:769-81. [PMID: 17081782 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation through the T cell receptor (TCR) is subsequently modified by secondary signals that are either stimulatory or inhibitory. We show that CEACAM1 adhesion molecule isoforms containing a long cytoplasmic domain inhibited multiple T cell functions as a consequence of TCR ligation. Overexpression of CEACAM1 resulted in decreased proliferation, allogeneic reactivity, and cytokine production in vitro and delayed type hypersensitivity and inflammatory bowel disease in mouse models in vivo. Conditioned deletion of CEACAM1 in T cells caused increased TCR-CD3 complex signaling. This T cell regulation was dependent upon the presence of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIM) within the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1 and the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine-phosphatase 1 (SHP1) in the T cell. Thus, CEACAM1 overexpression or deletion in T cells resulted in T cell inhibition or activation, respectively, revealing a role for CEACAM1 as a class of inhibitory receptors potentially amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaishi
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nagaishi T, Iijima H, Nakajima A, Chen D, Blumberg RS. Role of CEACAM1 as a Regulator of T Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1072:155-75. [PMID: 17057197 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1326.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A major immunological attribute of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the presence of unrestrained activation of T cells that produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Gaining an understanding of T cell regulation is therefore of major importance to IBD. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1) is a novel protein that has been recently recognized as being expressed by immune cells and T lymphocytes, in particular; this protein appears to function as a coinhibitory receptor after T cell activation. Ligation of CEACAM1 on T cells induces a signal cascade that leads inhibition of T cell cytokine production and IBD. CEACAM1 is thus a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaishi
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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25
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Abstract
The carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family of proteins has been implicated in various intercellular-adhesion and intracellular-signalling-mediated effects that govern the growth and differentiation of normal and cancerous cells. Recent studies show that there is an important role for members of the CEACAM family in modulating the immune responses associated with infection, inflammation and cancer. In this Review, we consider the evidence for CEACAM involvement in immunity, with a particular emphasis on CEACAM1, which functions as a regulatory co-receptor for both lymphoid and myeloid cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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26
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Stern N, Markel G, Arnon TI, Gruda R, Wong H, Gray-Owen SD, Mandelboim O. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) inhibits NK killing via interaction with CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:6692-701. [PMID: 15905509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NK killing activity is regulated by activating and inhibitory NK receptors. All of the activating ligands identified so far are either viral or stress-induced proteins. The class I MHC proteins are the ligands for most of the inhibitory NK receptors. However, in the past few years, several receptors have been identified that are able to inhibit NK killing independently of class I MHC recognition. We have previously demonstrated the existence of a novel inhibitory mechanism of NK cell cytotoxicity mediated by the homophilic carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that CEACAM1 also interacts heterophilically with the CEA protein. Importantly, we show that these heterophilic interactions of CEA and CEACAM1 inhibit the killing by NK cells. Because CEA is expressed on a wide range of carcinomas and commonly used as tumor marker, these results represent a novel role for the CEA protein enabling the escape of tumor cells from NK-mediated killing. We further characterize, for the first time, the CEACAM1-CEA interactions. Using functional and binding assays, we demonstrate that the N domains of CEACAM1 and CEA are crucial but not sufficient for both the CEACAM1-CEACAM1 homophilic and CEACAM1-CEA heterophilic interactions. Finally, we suggest that the involvement of additional domains beside the N domain in the heterophilic and homophilic interactions is important for regulating the balance between cis and trans interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Sequence Deletion/immunology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Stern
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Markel G, Gruda R, Achdout H, Katz G, Nechama M, Blumberg RS, Kammerer R, Zimmermann W, Mandelboim O. The Critical Role of Residues 43R and 44Q of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecules-1 in the Protection from Killing by Human NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3732-9. [PMID: 15356119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)1 protein has recently become the focus of intense immunological research. We have previously shown that the CEACAM1 homophilic interactions inhibit the killing activity of NK cells. This novel inhibitory mechanism plays a key role in melanoma immune evasion, inhibition of decidual immune response, and controlling NK autoreactivity in TAP2-deficient patients. These roles are mediated mainly by homophilic interactions, which are mediated through the N-domain of the CEACAM1. The N-domain of the various members of the CEACAM family shares a high degree of similarity. However, it is still unclear which of the CEACAM family members is able to interact with CEACAM1 and what are the amino acid residues that control this interaction. In this study we demonstrate that CEACAM1 interacts with CEACAM5, but not with CEACAM6. Importantly, we provide the molecular basis for CEACAM1 recognition of various CEACAM family members. Sequence alignment reveals a dichotomy among the CEACAM family members: both CEACAM1 and CEACAM5 contain the R and Q residues in positions 43 and 44, respectively, whereas CEACAM3 and CEACAM6 contain the S and L residues, respectively. Mutational analysis revealed that both 43R and 44Q residues are necessary for CEACAM1 interactions. Implications for differential expression of CEACAM family members in tumors are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Arginine/genetics
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Epitopes/physiology
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Glutamine/genetics
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leucine/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serine/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Jantscheff P, Terracciano L, Lowy A, Glatz-Krieger K, Grunert F, Micheel B, Brümmer J, Laffer U, Metzger U, Herrmann R, Rochlitz C. Expression of CEACAM6 in resectable colorectal cancer: a factor of independent prognostic significance. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3638-46. [PMID: 14512395 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.55.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CEACAM6, CEACAM1, and human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are coexpressed in normal colorectal epithelia, but show deregulated expression in colorectal cancers (CRC). Upregulation of CEACAM6 expression in hyperplastic polyps and early adenomas represents one of the earliest observable molecular events leading to colorectal tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of CEACAM6, CEACAM1, and CEA tissue expression in patients with CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on tissue microarrays from 243 paraffin-embedded biopsies from a randomized controlled clinical trial (Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research [SAKK] 40/81) of adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy with CEACAM-specific monoclonal antibodies. The median follow-up was 8 years. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and hazard ratios (HRs) estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Tissue expression of CEACAM6, CEACAM1, and CEA was enhanced in 55%, 58%, and 94% of patients, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis including sex, age, tumor site, stage, differentiation grade, treatment, and nodal status as covariates showed that CEACAM6 overexpression independently predicted poor OS (HR, 1.86; P =.0100) and DFS (HR, 2.00; P =.0028), whereas CEACAM1 or CEA were not significantly related to these outcomes. The data did not provide evidence for or against the hypothesis that the CEACAM6 effect on survival differs according to treatment. CONCLUSION Expression of the cell adhesion molecule CEACAM6 in CRC is an independent prognostic factor allowing subdivision of patients into low- and high-risk groups. Whether CEACAM6 or CEA and CEACAM1 might be useful as predictive markers of chemotherapy benefit remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jantscheff
- Kantonsspital Basel, Department of Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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29
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Scorilas A, Chiang PM, Katsaros D, Yousef GM, Diamandis EP. Molecular characterization of a new gene, CEAL1, encoding for a carcinoembryonic antigen-like protein with a highly conserved domain of eukaryotic translation initiation factors. Gene 2003; 310:79-89. [PMID: 12801635 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a complex immunoreactive glycoprotein belonging to a large and heterogeneous group of cross-reacting proteins known as the CEA gene family, which contains 29 genes/pseudogenes. CEA is used as a valuable serum tumor marker for monitoring response to therapy in patients with various solid tumors. Through the positional cloning approach we have identified and characterized a CEA-like gene (CEAL1), a novel member of the CEA multigene family. We have characterized the complete genomic structure of CEAL1, as well as one alternative splice variant and determined its chromosomal localization. The new gene is comprised of eight exons, with seven intervening introns and it is localized to chromosome 19q13.2 between the markers D19S574 and D19S219, approximately 60 kb upstream of the BCL3 gene. The protein-coding region of the gene is formed of 903 bp, encoding for a 300-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 32.6 kDa and isoelectric point of 5.74. The CEAL1 protein contains two Immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) transmembrane domains, which are present in most of the CEA proteins, as well as one highly conserved domain of eukaryotic translation initiation factors. The identified alternative spliced variant has one more exon of 134 bp. This splice variant is expected to encode for a truncated protein of 142 amino acids with the eIF5A domain and without Ig homology domain. CEAL1 mRNA is expressed in a variety of tissues, but highest levels are found in the prostate, uterus, fetal brain, mammary, adrenal gland, skeletal muscle, small intestine and kidney. CEAL1 is highly expressed in BT-474, BT20, T47D and, at much lower levels, in MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. The new gene is also highly expressed in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. The CEAL1 gene was found to be down-regulated by dexamethasone in BT-474 breast cancer cell lines. Our data suggest that this gene is overexpressed in a subset of ovarian cancers which are clinically more aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, M5G 1X5, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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30
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Kirshner J, Chen CJ, Liu P, Huang J, Shively JE. CEACAM1-4S, a cell-cell adhesion molecule, mediates apoptosis and reverts mammary carcinoma cells to a normal morphogenic phenotype in a 3D culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:521-6. [PMID: 12522268 PMCID: PMC141028 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.232711199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 3D model of breast morphogenesis, CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) plays an essential role in lumen formation in a subline of the nonmalignant human breast cell line (MCF10A). We show that mammary carcinoma cells (MCF7), which do not express CEACAM1 or form lumena when grown in Matrigel, are restored to a normal morphogenic program when transfected with CEACAM1-4S, the short cytoplasmic isoform of CEACAM1 that predominates in breast epithelia. During the time course of lumen formation, CEACAM1-4S was found initially between the cells, and in mature acini, it was found exclusively in an apical location, identical to its expression pattern in normal breast. Lumena were formed by apoptosis as opposed to necrosis of the central cells within the alveolar structures, and apoptotic cells within the lumena expressed CEACAM1-4S. Dying cells exhibited classical hallmarks of apoptosis, including nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing, caspase activation, and DNA laddering. Apoptosis was mediated by Bax translocation to the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, and was partially inhibited by culturing cells with caspase inhibitors. The dynamic changes in CEACAM1 expression during morphogenesis, together with studies implicating extracellular matrix and integrin signaling, suggest that a morphogenic program integrates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix signaling to produce the lumena in mammary glands. This report reveals a function of CEACAM1-4S relevant to cellular physiology that distinguishes it from its related long cytoplasmic domain isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kirshner
- Graduate School Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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31
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Markel G, Wolf D, Hanna J, Gazit R, Goldman-Wohl D, Lavy Y, Yagel S, Mandelboim O. Pivotal role of CEACAM1 protein in the inhibition of activated decidual lymphocyte functions. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:943-53. [PMID: 12370272 PMCID: PMC151149 DOI: 10.1172/jci15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes in direct contact with embryonic extravillous trophoblasts constitute more than 40% of decidual cells and appear to play major roles in implantation and early gestation. A unique subset of NK cells, making up 70-80% of decidual lymphocytes, express high levels of CD56 but lack CD16. We have recently demonstrated a novel class I MHC-independent inhibitory mechanism of NK cell cytotoxicity that is mediated by CEACAM1 homotypic interactions. This mechanism is used by some melanoma cells to avoid attack, mainly by CD16(-) NK cells. We now demonstrate that CEACAM1 is expressed on primary extravillous trophoblasts and is upregulated on the vast majority of IL-2-activated decidual lymphocytes, including NK, T, and NKT cells. Importantly, we present evidence that CEACAM1 interactions inhibit the lysis, proliferation, and cytokine secretion of activated decidual NK, T, and NKT cells, respectively. In vivo analysis of decidual lymphocytes isolated from cytomegalovirus-infected (CMV-infected) pregnant women revealed a dramatic increase in the expression of CEACAM1. Finally, we suggest that a novel ligand for this adhesion molecule is present on the surface of CMV-infected fibroblasts. These combined results demonstrate a major role for the CEACAM1 protein in controlling local decidual immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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32
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Markel G, Wolf D, Hanna J, Gazit R, Goldman-Wohl D, Lavy Y, Yagel S, Mandelboim O. Pivotal role of CEACAM1 protein in the inhibition of activated decidual lymphocyte functions. J Clin Invest 2002. [DOI: 10.1172/jci0215643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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33
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Thies A, Moll I, Berger J, Wagener C, Brümmer J, Schulze HJ, Brunner G, Schumacher U. CEACAM1 expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma predicts the development of metastatic disease. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:2530-6. [PMID: 12011132 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell adhesion molecule CEACAM1 is involved in intercellular adhesion and subsequent signal transduction events in a number of epithelia. CEACAM1 downregulation has been demonstrated in colorectal and prostate carcinomas. This study sought to analyze whether its expression in malignant melanoma is associated with metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS CEACAM1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in 100 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas and correlated with metastasis in a 10-year follow-up. Furthermore, CEACAM1 expression was analyzed in metastatic lesions (11 distant metastases and six sentinel lymph node metastases). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for standard prognostic indicators were performed to assess the prognostic relevance of CEACAM1 expression. RESULTS A total of 28 of 40 patients with CEACAM1-positive primary melanomas developed metastatic disease, compared with only six of 60 patients with CEACAM1-negative melanomas. Often, the strongest CEACAM1 expression was observed at the invading front. In addition, CEACAM1 expression was preserved in the metastatic lesions. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a highly significant association between CEACAM1 expression and metastasis (P <.0001); multivariate Cox regression analysis, including CEACAM1 expression status adjusted for tumor thickness, presence of ulceration, and mitotic rate, confirmed that CEACAM1 is an independent factor for the risk of metastasis and demonstrated that the predictive value of CEACAM1 expression is superior to that of tumor thickness. CONCLUSION Expression of the cell adhesion molecule CEACAM1 in the primary tumors in melanoma patients is associated with the subsequent development of metastatic disease. This raises the possibility of a functional role for this cell adhesion molecule in the metastatic spread it indicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anka Thies
- Institute for Anatomy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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34
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Skubitz KM, Campbell KD, Skubitz AP. Synthetic peptides from the N-domains of CEACAMs activate neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 58:515-26. [PMID: 12005421 PMCID: PMC7162001 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Four members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, CEACAM1, CEACAM8, CEACAM6 and CEACAM3, recognized by CD66a, CD66b, CD66c and CD66d monoclonal antibodies (mAb), respectively, are expressed on human neutrophils. CD66a, CD66b, CD66c and CD66d mAb binding to neutrophils triggers an activation signal that regulates the adhesive activity of CD11/CD18, resulting in an increase in neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Molecular modeling of CEACAM1 using IgG and CD4 as models has been performed, and three peptides from the N-terminal domain were found to increase neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. The peptides were 14 amino acids in length and were predicted to be present at loops and turns between beta-sheets. To better understand the amino acid sequences critical for this biological activity, in the present study we examined the other neutrophil CEACAMs and the highly homologous CEACAM, CEA. Molecular modeling of the N-terminal domains of human CEACAM8, -6, -3 and CEA was performed. Twenty peptides, each 14 amino acids in length, that were homologous to the previously reported peptides from the N-domains of CEACAM1, were synthesized and tested for their ability to alter neutrophil adhesion. Only one new peptide, from the N-domain of CEA, was found to increase neutrophil adhesion, and this peptide differed from the corresponding CEACAM1 peptide by only a single conservative amino acid substitution. Importantly, minor amino acid differences between active and inactive homologous peptides suggest regions of these peptides that are critical for biological activity. The data suggest that the regions SMPF of peptide CD66a-1, QLFG of peptide CD66a-2 and NRQIV of peptide CD66a-3 are critical for the activities of these peptides, and for the native CEACAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
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35
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Kuroki M, Abe H, Imakiirei T, Liao S, Uchida H, Yamauchi Y, Oikawa S, Kuroki M. Identification and comparison of residues critical for cell‐adhesion activities of two neutrophil CD66 antigens, CEACAM6 and CEACAM8. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.70.4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Hironori Abe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Imakiirei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Shaoxi Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Hiroko Uchida
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Yasushi Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | | | - Masahide Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
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36
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Muchová L, Jirsa M, Kuroki M, Dudková L, Benes MJ, Marecek Z, Smíd F. Immunoaffinity isolation of CEACAM1 on hydrazide-derivatized cellulose with immobilized monoclonal anti-CEA antibody. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:418-22. [PMID: 11559928 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a human membrane glycoprotein belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family and to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in apical membranes of many epithelial cells in gastrointestinal and urogenital tract and also in granulocytes and lymphocytes, and its biological effect in human tissues has recently been discussed in literature. The purpose of this study was to isolate CEACAM1 glycoprotein from bile and characterize its purity and recovery which has not been described before. Affinity chromatography of CEACAM1 on hydrazide-activated cellulose with immobilized monoclonal anti-CEA F34-187 antibody is described. The immunoglobulin carbohydrate moiety was oxidized by periodate and then bound to hydrazide-activated matrix. Crude protein fraction from bile was applied on the affinity column and after extensive washing of non-bound proteins CEACAM1 was eluted with 6 M guanidine-HCl. A single immunopositive 85 kDa band was detected on Western blots with anti-CEA antibody after SDS-PAGE. We found out that CEACAM1 was not stainable with any common method of protein staining and the only non-specific method which could detect the 85 kDa band was a lectin staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Muchová
- First Department of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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37
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Toleman M, Aho E, Virji M. Expression of pathogen-like Opa adhesins in commensal Neisseria: genetic and functional analysis. Cell Microbiol 2001; 3:33-44. [PMID: 11207618 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several species of commensal Neisseriae (Cn) may colonize the human nasopharynx, but little is known about their adhesion mechanisms. We have investigated structural and functional similarities between adhesins of Cn and of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), also a frequent colonizer of the nasopharynx. In this study, we demonstrate the expression of Opa-like proteins in nine strains of Cn. Phylogenetic analysis segregated the majority of the Cn Opa in a cluster separated from the pathogenic cluster with a few exceptions. One Opa, which located within the pathogenic cluster, was strikingly similar (74%) to an Opa of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) strain and, like Ng, it lacked the extra Y11 or the 136DKF138 triplet insert, which are conserved among many N. meningitidis Opa proteins. Most importantly, the majority of the Cn Opa proteins were able to interact with human CEACAM1 (CD66a) molecules, previously identified as receptors for pathogenic Opa proteins. By the use of CEACAM1 N-domain mutants, we demonstrate that Cn Opa target the same region of the N-domain of the receptor as that used by Nm. Furthermore, Cn strains bound to cell-expressed human CEACAM1. In competition assays, adherent Cn strain C450, exhibiting high affinity for CEACAM1, was not displaced by a Nm isolate and vice versa. But in simultaneous incubation, Nm out-competed the Cn strain. This is the first study to demonstrate the expression of adhesins in Cn that are structurally and functionally closely related to pathogenic adhesins. The studies imply that some Cn have the potential to occupy and thus compete with the pathogens for receptors on human mucosa, their common and exclusive niche.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/classification
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/classification
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Bacterial Adhesion
- CHO Cells
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- Genome, Bacterial
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neisseria/chemistry
- Neisseria/genetics
- Neisseria/pathogenicity
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Alignment
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toleman
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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38
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Oikawa S, Sugiyama M, Kuroki M, Kuroki M, Nakazato H. Extracellular N-domain alone can mediate specific heterophilic adhesion between members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, CEACAM6 and CEACAM8. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 278:564-8. [PMID: 11095950 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The domain(s) responsible for the specific heterophilic adhesion between two members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, CEACAM6 and CEACAM8, both of which with three extracellular domains, were investigated using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) transfectants expressing chimeric antigens. Using a chimeric antigen in which the N-domain, a sole extracellular domain, of CEACAM3 was substituted with that of CEACAM6, it was shown that the N-domain of CEACAM6 alone was able to mediate specific adhesion to CEACAM8. Furthermore, the chimeric antigen was shown to bind significantly to chimeric CEA whose N-domain was substituted with that of CEACAM8, but not to unsubstituted CEA. These results demonstrate that the N-domain alone is sufficient and other domains of CEACAM6 or CEACAM8 are not required for this specific binding. We therefore propose a model of heterophilic interaction between the N-domains, which is distinct from that of CEA-CEA homophilic binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oikawa
- Suntory Biomedical Research Limited, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8503, Japan.
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39
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Wagener C, Ergün S. Angiogenic properties of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1. Exp Cell Res 2000; 261:19-24. [PMID: 11082271 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed in microvessels of proliferating tissues such as endometrium, in tissues after wounding, and in solid human tumors. In microvascular human endothelial cells, purified native and recombinant CEACAM1 stimulates proliferation, chemotaxis, and tube formation. In the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken, CEACAM1 induces angiogenesis. The angiogenic effects of CEACAM1 are additive to those of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The expression of CEACAM1 is up-regulated by VEGF, and VEGF-induced in vitro tube formation is blocked completely by a monoclonal CEACAM1 antibody. These findings indicate that CEACAM1 is an angiogenic factor and an effector of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wagener
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, D-20251, Germany.
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40
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Taheri M, Saragovi U, Fuks A, Makkerh J, Mort J, Stanners CP. Self Recognition in the Ig Superfamily. J Biol Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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41
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Egawa K, Kuroki M, Inoue Y, Ono T. Nail bed keratinocytes express an antigen of the carcinoembryonic antigen family. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143:79-83. [PMID: 10886139 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related molecules, we detected strong expression of an antigen, with immunoreactivity consistent with non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) (CD66c), in all of 26 normal human nail specimens obtained from various fingers and toes. In longitudinal sections, strong and constant expression of the NCA-like antigen was seen on keratinocytes distributed in the upper epithelial cell layers of the nail bed, while in transverse sections the expression was limited to the major central portions of the nail bed, but only where longitudinal epidermal ridges were observed. In the hyponychium and the ventral aspect of the proximal nail fold, the expression was weak or lacking. No expression was seen in the nail matrix, the nail plate, or the dorsal aspect of the proximal nail fold. The same results were obtained for all of the 26 nails studied. This report is the first to demonstrate that an antigen of the CEA family, with NCA-like immunoreactivity, is expressed in a specific subpopulation of keratinocytes in the nail bed. The specific expression pattern suggests that the antigen may play a part in adhesion of the nail plate to the nail bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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42
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Skubitz KM, Campbell KD, Skubitz AP. Synthetic peptides of CD66a stimulate neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:4257-64. [PMID: 10754323 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.8.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four members of the carcinoembryonic Ag family, CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d, are expressed on human neutrophils. CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d Ab binding to the neutrophil surface triggers an activation signal that regulates the adhesive activity of CD11/CD18, resulting in an increase in neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC. To identify active sites on the CD66a Ag, molecular modeling was performed using IgG and CD4 as models, and 28 peptides of 14 aa in length were synthesized that were predicted to be present at loops and turns between beta-sheets. The peptides were tested for their ability to alter neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC. Three peptides, each from the N-terminal domain, increased neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC monolayers. This increase in neutrophil adhesion caused by CD66a peptides was associated with up-regulation of CD11/CD18 and down-regulation of CD62L on the neutrophil surface. Scrambled versions of these three peptides had no effect on neutrophil adhesion to the endothelial cells. The data suggest that peptide motifs from at least three regions of the N-terminal domain of CD66a are involved in the interaction of CD66a with other ligands and can initiate signal transduction in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Skubitz
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Minnesota Medical School and the Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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43
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Ergün S, Kilik N, Ziegeler G, Hansen A, Nollau P, Götze J, Wurmbach JH, Horst A, Weil J, Fernando M, Wagener C. CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1: a potent angiogenic factor and a major effector of vascular endothelial growth factor. Mol Cell 2000; 5:311-20. [PMID: 10882072 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) exhibits angiogenic properties in in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays. CEACAM1 purified from granulocytes and endothelial cell media as well as recombinant CEACAM1 expressed in HEK293 cells stimulate proliferation, chemotaxis, and capillary-like tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells. They increase vascularization of chick chorioallantoic membrane and potentiate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165. VEGF165 increases CEACAM1 expression both on the mRNA and the protein level. VEGF165-induced endothelial tube formation is blocked by a monoclonal CEACAM1 antibody. These data suggest that CEACAM1 is a major effector of VEGF in the early microvessel formation. Since CEACAM1 is expressed in tumor microvessels but not in large blood vessels, CEACAM1 may be a target for the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ergün
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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44
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Huang J, Hardy JD, Sun Y, Shively JE. Essential role of biliary glycoprotein (CD66a) in morphogenesis of the human mammary epithelial cell line MCF10F. J Cell Sci 1999; 112 ( Pt 23):4193-205. [PMID: 10564638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112.23.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal mammary epithelial cells express the cell surface protein biliary glycoprotein (BGP or CD66a) in a polarized manner, suggesting that this protein may play a role in the formation of mammary acini. In order to test this hypothesis, we interrupted the expression of BGP in the mammary epithelial line MCF10F when cultured in or on Matrigel, a source of extracellular matrix (ECM). When analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, the BGP staining is confined to the lumenal surface and colocalizes with actin. Sequential scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that the MCF10F cells migrate to form clusters, followed by apoptotic cell death within the center, resulting in lumen formation. Transmission electron micrographs reveal the presence of tight junctions and desmosomes between the cells, microvilli along the lumenal surface, and typical apoptotic bodies within the lumen. When the MCF10F cells are transfected with the BGP antisense gene and grown in Matrigel, they exhibit reduced acini formation (12% and 20%) compared to untransfected cells (52%) or to cells transfected with vector only (62%). Acini formation is also significantly reduced when MCF10F cells grown in Matrigel are treated with anti-BGP antibody (18% at 100 microgram/ml), or recombinant soluble BGP (18% at 0.4 microM). In contrast, the BGP-negative MCF7 breast tumor cell line, which does not form acini when grown in matrigel, exhibits >60% cell death with the occasional formation of acini, when transfected with the BGP sense gene and grown in Matrigel. These results support the hypothesis that BGP plays a role in the normal differentiation program of mammary epithelial cells, indicating that its expression is essential to the formation of the lumen. Furthermore, and as shown by others, the differentiation program depends on the presence of ECM. The lack of expression of BGP in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line suggests that the downregulation of BGP expression confers a growth advantage to these cells in ECM. In addition, we found that the MCF10F cells could be separated into a BGP-positive epithelial fraction (MCF10F-e), and a BGP-negative myoepithelial fraction (MCF10F-m). When the myoepithelial cell-enriched fraction is grown on Matrigel, web-like structures are formed. These cells have a typical spindle shape cell morphology and express keratin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, markers of the myoepithelial cell phenotype. When MCF10F-m cells are treated with IFNgamma, they express CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) but not BGP. Since breast carcinomas, especially in situ carcinomas, express CEA, this finding may suggest a heretofore unappreciated relationship between myoepithelial cells and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- Graduate School of the City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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45
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Izzi L, Turbide C, Houde C, Kunath T, Beauchemin N. cis-Determinants in the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1 responsible for its tumor inhibitory function. Oncogene 1999; 18:5563-72. [PMID: 10523833 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1, also known as C-CAM, BGP and CD66a, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family which is itself part of the immunoglobulin supergene family. CEACAM1 is involved in intercellular adhesion, signal transduction and tumor cell growth regulation. CEACAM1 is down-regulated in colon and prostate carcinomas, as well as in endometrial, bladder and hepatic tumors, and 30% of breast cancers. We have shown in a mouse colon tumor model that CEACAM1 with a long cytoplasmic domain inhibited the development of tumors whereas a splice variant lacking the cytoplasmic domain did not. In this study, we define the subregions of the long cytoplasmic domain participating in the tumor inhibition phenotype of CEACAM1. We show that a single point mutation of Tyr488, conforming to an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine Inhibition Motif (ITIM), was sufficient to reverse the in vivo tumor cell growth inhibition. Substitution or deletion of residues in the C-terminal region of the CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain also led to reversal of tumor cell growth inhibition. This result is in agreement with our previous studies demonstrating the C-terminal region of the cytoplasmic domain influences the levels of CEACAM1 Tyr phosphorylation and its association with the protein Tyr phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Furthermore, removal of the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1, essential for intercellular adhesion, did not impair the tumor inhibitory effect. These results suggest that Tyr phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of the CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain represents a crucial step in the control of epithelial cell proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/biosynthesis
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycoproteins
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Phosphorylation
- Point Mutation
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/physiology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion
- Signal Transduction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- L Izzi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill Cancer Centre, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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46
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Morales VM, Christ A, Watt SM, Kim HS, Johnson KW, Utku N, Texieira AM, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Russell GJ, Russell SE, Bhan AK, Freeman GJ, Blumberg RS. Regulation of Human Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Cytolytic Function by Biliary Glycoprotein (CD66a). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are a unique population of CD8αβ+ TCR-αβ+ but CD28− T lymphocytes that may function in intestinal epithelial cell immunosurveillance. In an attempt to define novel cell surface molecules involved in iIEL function, we raised several mAbs against activated iIELs derived from the small intestine that recognized an Ag on activated, but not resting, iIELs. Using expression cloning and binding studies with Fc fusion proteins and transfectants, the cognate Ag of these mAbs was identified as the N domain of biliary glycoprotein (CD66a), a carcinoembryonic Ag-related molecule that contains an immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. Functionally, these mAbs inhibited the anti-CD3-directed and lymphokine-activated killer activity of the P815 cell line by iIELs derived from the human small intestine. These studies indicate that the expression of biliary glycoprotein on activated human iIELs and, potentially, other mucosal T lymphocytes is involved in the down-regulation of cytolytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Morales
- *Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andreas Christ
- *Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Suzanne M. Watt
- †Medical Research Council, Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun S. Kim
- *Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kevin W. Johnson
- *Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nalan Utku
- ‡Institut Fuer Medizinische Immunologie, Charité-Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana M. Texieira
- §Imperial Cancer Research Fund-Medical Oncology Unit, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- ¶Immunopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Emiko Mizoguchi
- ¶Immunopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Gary J. Russell
- ∥Combined Program in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and
| | - Sara E. Russell
- *Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Atul K. Bhan
- ¶Immunopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- #Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- *Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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47
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Hammarström S. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. Semin Cancer Biol 1999; 9:67-81. [PMID: 10202129 DOI: 10.1006/scbi.1998.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human CEA family has been fully characterized. It comprises 29 genes of which 18 are expressed; 7 belonging to the CEA subgroup and 11 to the pregnancy specific glycoprotein subgroup. CEA is an important tumor marker for colorectal and some other carcinomas. The CEA subgroup members are cell membrane associated and show a complex expression pattern in normal and cancerous tissues with notably CEA showing a selective epithelial expression. Several CEA subgroup members possess cell adhesion properties and the primordial member, biliary glycoprotein, seems to function in signal transduction or regulation of signal transduction possibly in association with other CEA sub-family members. A modified ITAM/ITIM motif is identified in the cytoplasmatic domain of BGP. A role of CEA in innate immunity is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammarström
- Department of Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90185, Sweden
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48
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Nasu T, Fukuda Y, Hashino J, Nagahira K, Kawashima H, Noguchi C, Oikawa S, Nakanishi T. Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against N-domain of carcinoembryonic antigen. Immunol Lett 1999; 67:57-62. [PMID: 10217206 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against N-domain of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C249, K348, K1338, and K1444, that inhibit CEA-mediated cell adhesion, did not crossreact with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA). To determine amino acid sequences involved in the adhesion, epitopes of the MoAbs were mapped with recombinant NCAs carrying CEA-NCA chimeric N-domain. The data showed that the epitopes of C249, K1338, K1444 are located within the regions 1-32, 1-32, and 33-59 of CEA, respectively, and that two discrete regions 1-32 and 60-93 may be related to the epitope of K348. Comparison of amino acid sequences between CEA and NCA suggested that four residues (21, 27-29), eight residues (21, 27-29, 66, 78, 79, 89), and three residues (43, 44, 46) are important for recognition by C249 (or K1338), K348, and K1444, respectively. These residues seem to participate in the cell adhesion mediated by CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nasu
- Suntory Institute for Biomedical Research, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Lin SH, Cheng H, Earley K, Luo W, Chou J. Demonstration of adhesion activity of the soluble Ig-domain protein C-CAM4 by attachment to the plasma membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 245:472-7. [PMID: 9571177 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family is a large group of proteins with immunoglobulin (Ig)-like structures. The membrane-associated CEA-family proteins have been shown to mediate intercellular adhesion. In addition to these membrane-associated proteins, several secreted CEA-like proteins, such as C-CAM4, PSG1b, and PSG11s, have also been identified. The functions of these soluble proteins are not clear because they cannot support intercellular adhesion like the membrane-associated proteins can. A fundamental question important for understanding the functions of these soluble proteins is whether they can interact in a homophilic fashion as do many of their membrane-associated homologues. We found that the homophilic interactions between these soluble proteins were too weak to be detected by solution binding assays. This is not unexpected because interactions between adhesion molecules are usually transient and weak to allow for control of association and dissociation. By expressing these soluble CEA-family proteins, C-CAM4, PSG1b, and PSG11s, as membrane-anchored forms, we showed that C-CAM4 could mediate intercellular adhesion, whereas PSG1b and PSG11s, despite their 52% identity to C-CAM4, could not. These results suggest that C-CAM4, but not PSG1b and PSG11s, can probably form homodimers. Thus, these secretory CEA-family members most likely have different interaction mechanisms, i.e., C-CAM4 might function as dimers, while PSGs might function as monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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50
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Kinugasa T, Kuroki M, Takeo H, Matsuo Y, Ohshima K, Yamashita Y, Shirakusa T, Matsuoka Y. Expression of four CEA family antigens (CEA, NCA, BGP and CGM2) in normal and cancerous gastric epithelial cells: up-regulation of BGP and CGM2 in carcinomas. Int J Cancer 1998; 76:148-53. [PMID: 9533775 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980330)76:1<148::aid-ijc23>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family members, CEA (CD66e), non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA, CD66c), biliary glycoprotein (BGP, CD66a) and CEA gene-family member 2 (CGM2), are expressed in normal mucosal epithelia of the colon. Expression of BGP and CGM2 has recently been demonstrated to be down-regulated in colorectal adenocarcinomas. We have now investigated the expression of the 4 CEA family antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma and carcinoma cell lines in comparison with adjacent normal gastric mucosa. The transcripts of the CEA, NCA and BGP genes evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were detectable at various levels in all the gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines tested, while CGM2 mRNA was detectable in the cell lines of poorly differentiated but not of well-differentiated carcinomas. The levels of CEA mRNA in normal gastric mucosa were variable but mostly increased in adenocarcinomas. The sparse expression of NCA observed in the normal tissues was markedly up-regulated in the carcinomas. In contrast to previous findings on normal and cancerous colonic tissues, the transcripts of CGM2 were totally undetectable and those of BGP were recognized only marginally, if at all, in normal gastric mucosa, while both messages were detected at significant levels in most of the gastric adenocarcinomas. This was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Our findings indicate that expression of the CEA family antigens, particularly that of BGP and CGM2, is differently regulated in epithelial cells of the colon and the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kinugasa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
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