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Blaustein MP, Hamlyn JM. Sensational site: the sodium pump ouabain-binding site and its ligands. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1120-C1177. [PMID: 38223926 PMCID: PMC11193536 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00273.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), used by certain insects, toads, and rats for protection from predators, became, thanks to Withering's trailblazing 1785 monograph, the mainstay of heart failure (HF) therapy. In the 1950s and 1960s, we learned that the CTS receptor was part of the sodium pump (NKA) and that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was critical for the acute cardiotonic effect of digoxin- and ouabain-related CTS. This "settled" view was upended by seven revolutionary observations. First, subnanomolar ouabain sometimes stimulates NKA while higher concentrations are invariably inhibitory. Second, endogenous ouabain (EO) was discovered in the human circulation. Third, in the DIG clinical trial, digoxin only marginally improved outcomes in patients with HF. Fourth, cloning of NKA in 1985 revealed multiple NKA α and β subunit isoforms that, in the rodent, differ in their sensitivities to CTS. Fifth, the NKA is a cation pump and a hormone receptor/signal transducer. EO binding to NKA activates, in a ligand- and cell-specific manner, several protein kinase and Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades that have widespread physiological effects and can contribute to hypertension and HF pathogenesis. Sixth, all CTS are not equivalent, e.g., ouabain induces hypertension in rodents while digoxin is antihypertensinogenic ("biased signaling"). Seventh, most common rodent hypertension models require a highly ouabain-sensitive α2 NKA and the elevated blood pressure is alleviated by EO immunoneutralization. These numerous phenomena are enabled by NKA's intricate structure. We have just begun to understand the endocrine role of the endogenous ligands and the broad impact of the ouabain-binding site on physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Kablan ACL, Konan JD, Komlaga G, Kabran FA, Daouda B, N'Tamon AD, Kouamé T, Jagora A, Leblanc K, Seon-Méniel B, Beniddir MA, Attioua KB, Le Pogam P, Champy P. Five new cassane diterpenes from the seeds and bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104700. [PMID: 32763366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Five new cassane-type diterpenoid heterosides, i. e. two cassane-type amides (1-2), two erythrophlamine-type amine esters (3-4) and a non‑nitrogenous erythrophlamine analogue (5) were isolated from the root barks (1-2) and the seeds (3-5) of Erythrophleum suaveolens. Their structures were unambiguously established by interpretation of their HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and chemical degradation for sugar determination. Compounds 3-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a panel of three cell lines, revealing modest to strong activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmont Claude Landry Kablan
- UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Cote d'Ivoire; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire; Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jacques Dibi Konan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire; Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gustav Komlaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Faustin Aka Kabran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Ballo Daouda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Amon Diane N'Tamon
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Mineral and General Chemistry, Training and Research Unit (UFR) of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Tapé Kouamé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Mineral and General Chemistry, Training and Research Unit (UFR) of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Adrien Jagora
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Karine Leblanc
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Blandine Seon-Méniel
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mehdi A Beniddir
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Koffi Barthélemy Attioua
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Pierre Le Pogam
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Pierre Champy
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Qu J, Yu S, Tang W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu J. Progress on Cassaine-Type Diterpenoid Ester Amines and Amides (Erythrophleum Alkaloids). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures, spectral characteristics, and bioactivities of 39 natural cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides (Erythrophleum alkaloids) and 31 synthetic analogues are reviewed. Cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides, the so called Erythrophleum alkaloids, have the skeleton of cassane-type diterpenoids with a N-containing side chain, and are classified into two groups, ester amines and amides. Cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides show remarkable inotropic action on the heart, inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase, cytotoxities, and other major bioactivities. Structural modification of cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides has been carried out to furnish many derivatives to study the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Lichtstein D, Samuelov S, Bourrit A. Characterization of the stimulation of neuronal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity by low concentrations of ouabain. Neurochem Int 2012; 7:709-15. [PMID: 20492978 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(85)90069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/1984] [Accepted: 12/17/1984] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Low concentrations (< 10(?7) M) of ouabain stimulate the activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in whole homogenates of rat brain. The magnitude of this stimulation varies from 5 to 70%. The concentrations of ouabain which induces maximal stimulation is also highly variable and ranges between 10(?9) to 10(?7) M. The ouabain stimulation disappears following 1:50 dilution and 2 h preincubation or freezing and thawing of the membranes or their treatment with deoxycholate. "Aging" of a preparation of ATPase also results in loss of its ability to be stimulated by ouabain but ouabain inhibition is preserved. No stimulation of enzyme activity by ouabain is observed in rat brain microsomal fraction. The ?-adrenergic blocker propranolol does not inhibit the ouabain induced stimulation of ATPase activity. It is suggested that the stimulation of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity by low concentrations of cardiac glycosides if a result of either the displacement of an endogenous ouabain-like compound from the enzyme or an indirect effect by changing membrane surrounding environment of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lichtstein
- Department of Physiology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Foley TD, Linnoila M. Nanomolar concentrations of ouabain block ethanol-inducible Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in brain. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 292:287-92. [PMID: 7796868 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6917(95)90034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low concentrations of ethanol on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity, defined as ouabain-inhibitable 86Rb+ (K+) uptake, was investigated in a crude synaptosome preparation which was subject to minimal subcellular fractionation procedures. Moderate (20-30%) but potent (EC50 = 3.8 mM) stimulation of total ouabain (1 mM)-inhibitable K+ uptake by ethanol was observed following incubation periods of up to 20 min. The activity of the ethanol-induced component of K+ uptake was antagonized by nanomolar concentrations of ouabain. Thus, the moderate stimulation of total ouabain-inhibitable K+ uptake by ethanol was attributable to the activation of a component of K+ uptake which was very sensitive (VS; IC50 = 2.8 x 10(-10) M) to inhibition by ouabain. Slightly higher concentrations of ouabain (10(-9) - 10(-6.6) M) stimulated K+ uptake above control (no ethanol or ouabain) in both the absence and presence of ethanol. The selectivity of the VS-ethanol interaction was demonstrated by the lack of any ethanol effect on two other components of ouabain-inhibitable K+ uptake which accounted for inhibition of K+ uptake by concentrations of ouabain above 10(-6.6) M and were defined as sensitive (S; IC50 = 10(-6) M) and insensitive (I; IC50 = 10(-4) M) to ouabain. These results define the ethanol-inducible component of ouabain-inhibitable Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and promote the view that changes in Na+,K(+)-ATPase-dependent ion translocation may contribute to ethanol intoxication in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Foley
- LCS, DICBR, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Repke KR, Weiland J, Menke KH. Chemical models for the chemical nature of endogenous digitalis. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 1991; 5:25-32. [PMID: 1669435 DOI: 10.3109/14756369109069057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The inability or the capacity to promote the phosphorylation of Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase (Na/K-ATPase) from [32P]Pi is shown to differentiate between mechanistically digitalis-unlike and digitalis-like inhibitors of this enzyme known to be the receptor for all digitalis actions. A negative or positive response in the phosphorylation promotion assay introduced here appears thus to be suitable to diagnose the chemical species in the isolates of animal origin related to the putative endogenous digitalis. Various digitalis-congeneric C/D-cis steroids, progesterone-congeneric C/D-trans steroids and the Erythrophleum alkaloid cassaine promote the enzyme phosphorylation and show a similar pattern of discrimination between three Na/K-ATPase variants. Thus, their cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene or perhydrophenanthrene nuclei appear to serve as the minimal pharmacophoric lead structures for bimolecular recognition and to represent chemical models for the chemical nature of endogenous digitalis. Specifically, the hormonal C/D-trans steroids could provide the basic skeleton in endogenous digitalis biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Repke
- Zentralinstitut für Molekularbiologie, Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Lutz RA, Lichtstein D, Xu H, Rodbard D. Demonstration and characterization of two classes of cardiac glycoside binding sites to rat heart membrane preparations using quantitative computer modeling. JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR RESEARCH 1987; 7:679-94. [PMID: 3656272 DOI: 10.3109/10799898709056779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycoside binding to rat heart membrane preparations was measured by rapid filtration technique. The binding data were analyzed using quantitative computer analysis. The experimental results using [3H]-ouabain as the labeled ligand were consistent with a model in which cardiac glycoside specific binding occurs at two independent classes of sites. The high affinity sites were characterized by a dissociation constants of 40 nM, 50 nM, and 61 nM for ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin, respectively, with a binding capacity of 1.3 pmoles/mg protein. The lower affinity sites for ouabain were characterized by dissociation constants of 2.3 microM, 67 nM and 71 nM for ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin, respectively, with a binding capacity of 3 pmoles/mg protein. Potassium ions inhibit [3H]-ouabain binding in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 of 500 microM. Quantitative computer modelling indicated that potassium inhibits ouabain binding at both binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lutz
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Physical Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
Although the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides correlates well with inhibition of Na+ pump activity in many preparations, digitalis at low concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-8) M) may produce an apparent stimulation of monovalent cation transport in isolated intact myocardium or produce an inotropic effect that does not correlate with pump inhibition. Digitalis is known to modify tissue metabolism of endogenous neurotransmitters that may affect inotropic state, Na,K-ATPase activity, and K+ permeability. We examined the interactions of low concentrations of ouabain with adrenergic and cholinergic influences in isolated guinea pig left atria stimulated at 3.3 Hz in which inotropic state and monovalent cation transport (measured as 86Rb+ uptake) were assessed simultaneously. Ouabain (10(-9) M) stimulated Rb+ transport (+25%) without an inotropic response; the stimulatory effect on transport was abolished by propranolol or atropine pretreatment. In atria pretreated with atropine, 10(-8) M ouabain produced a small positive inotropic effect (+10%) without measurable associated Na+-K+ pump inhibition. This inotropic response was abolished in catecholamine-depleted atria. Ouabain (10(-7) M) always produced a positive inotropic response (about +25%) independent of catecholamine depletion, beta-adrenergic blockade, or muscarinic blockade, but Rb+ uptake inhibition was observed only in beta-adrenergically-blocked atria. In all preparations, ouabain concentrations greater than 10(-7) M caused an inotropic response associated with pump inhibition. At concentrations 3 X 10(-7) M and higher, mechanical toxicity was observed in all preparations except those pretreated with propranolol. Incubation with low concentrations of ouabain did not modify the inotropic response to isoproterenol. At concentrations of isoproterenol sufficient to stimulate Rb+ transport by 25%, there was a large (+80%) inotropic response. We conclude first, that, in guinea pig atria exposed to ouabain, the mechanism as well as the extent of inotropic response and of monovalent cation transport modification is concentration dependent, second, that at low concentrations (1-10 X 10(-9) M), in vitro inotropic and monovalent cation transport responses are in part mediated by an effect of ouabain on endogenous neurotransmitters; and third, that in this preparation at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-7) M ouabain, monovalent cation transport as measured by tissue 86Rb+ uptake does not correlate with inotropic response.
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Trachtenberg MC, Packey DJ, Sweeney T. In vivo functioning of the Na+, K+-activated ATPase. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1981; 19:159-217. [PMID: 6277572 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152819-5.50022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Aaltonen L, Kanto J, Salo M. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations and serum protein binding of lorazepam and its conjugate. ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA ET TOXICOLOGICA 1980; 46:156-8. [PMID: 6102426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1980.tb02436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Akera T, Temma K, Wiest SA, Brody TM. Reduction of the equilibrium binding of cardiac glycosides and related compounds to Na+,K+-ATPase as a possible mechanism for the potassium-induced reversal of their toxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1978; 304:157-65. [PMID: 212685 DOI: 10.1007/bf00495552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of potassium ions on the equilibrium state of the binding of cardiac glycosides and their derivatives to partially purified dog heart and rat brain enzyme preparations was studied in vitro. The addition of potassium to the incubation mixture containing enzyme preparation, 3H-ouabain, Na+, Mg2+ and ATP, at the time when the binding reaction is close to equilibrium, caused an immediate reduction of the bound drug concentration; the concentration apparently shifting toward a lower equilibrium state. The degree of the potassium-induced reduction in bound drug concentration was dependent on the potassium concentration and on the chemical structure of the compound. The binding of aglycones, pentacetyl-gitoxin and cassaine was affected to a greater extent than that of the glycosides. These data suggest that one of the mechanisms by which potassium antagonizes the toxic actions of digitalis on the heart is to reduce the drug binding to cardiac Na+,K+-ATPase.
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Abstract
1. The tetrapropylammonium ion (TPA) acts as a mixed-type (with K) inhibitor of the Na-K pump. The kinetics of the process suggest that combination of the pump with a single TPA ion is sufficient for inhibition. 2. TPA inhibits the partial reactions of the Na-K pump (the uncoupled Na outflux, the Na-Na exchange, and K-K exchange). 3. TPA inhibits ouabain binding to the pump and this inhibitory effect is enhanced by external Na. The inhibitory effect of TPA on the pump rate is also promoted by external Na. 4. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the reciprocal of the ouabain-sensitive K influx versus the reciprocal of the external K concentration is approximately a straight line if the measurements are made in Na-free solutions. TPA increases the apparent Michaelis constant (K 1/2) for K and the plot remains straight. 5. The Lineweaver-Burk plot is parabolic when the measurements are made in solutions which contain Na. TPA both increases the apparent K 1/2 for K and makes the curve more parabolic. 6. The characteristics of pump inhibition by TPA are similar to those for strophanthidin. In both cases the kinetic behaviour is consistent with a model in which the inhibitor binds: with greatest affinity to the pump form free of K; with less affinity to the pump form with a single bound K; and with least affinity to the pump form with two bound K.
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Takagaki G. Properties of the uptake and release of glutamic acid by synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 1976; 27:1417-25. [PMID: 1003217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb02624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tobin T, Akera T, Brody TM, Taneja HR. Studies on the stable inhibition of Na+ + K+-ATPase by cassaine. Eur J Pharmacol 1976; 35:59-68. [PMID: 130244 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(76)90300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rat brain Na+ + K+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase E.C. 3.6.1.3) to concentrations of cassaine greater than 1 x 10(-4) M resulted in a poorly reversible inhibition of this enzyme. Inhibition did not require the presence of ATP and developed rapidly, but the final amount of inhibition observed was independent of time. The amount of inhibition observed at a given concentration of cassaine was reduced by increasing the concentration of membranes in the system. The inhibition of Na+ + K+-ATPase activity was associated with equivalent inhibition of the phosphorylation and (3H)-ouabain binding reactions of this enzyme, while the uninhibited enzyme was apparently kinetically normal. Concentrations of cassaine which produced this stable inhibition of Na+ + K+-ATPase had no effect on the Mg2+-activated ATPase or the NADH cytochrome-c-reductase activities of crude rat brain microsomal preparations. Cassaine inhibited the cholinesterase activity of rat brain microsomes with a Ki of about 5 x 10(-5) M, but his inhibition was fully reversible. The poorly reversible inhibitory actions of cassaine, thus, appeared specific for Na+ + K+-ATPase. Because this stable pattern of inhibition of the Na+ + K+-ATPase by cassaine required drug concentrations at least one hundred-fold greater than those which produce positive inotropic effects, it appears unlikely that this pattern of Na+ + K+-ATPase inhibition is involved in the cardiotonic actions of this drug.
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Tobin T, Akera T, Brody SL, Ku D, Brody TM. Cassaine: mechanism of inhibition of Na+ +K+ -ATPase and relationship of this inhibition to cardiotonic actions. Eur J Pharmacol 1975; 32:133-45. [PMID: 125204 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(75)90276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The erythrophleum alkaloid cassaine shares many of the pharmacological actions of the cardiac glycosides but lacks the structural characteristics typical of cardiac glycosides. To further investigate the relationship between Na+ +K+ -ATPase inhibition and the cardiotonic actions of these drugs we investigated the interaction of cassaine with the Na+ +K+ -ATPase. Cassaine inhibited rat brain Na+ +K+ -ATPase with about one quarter of the apparent affinity of ouabain for this enzyme. This inhibition was non-competitive with respect to K+. Cassaine also inhibited this enzyme in the presence of Mg2+ and this inhibition was enhanced by Pi and antagonized by Na+. In the presence of Na+, Mg2+ and (gamma-32P)-ATP cassaine acted to stabilize the phosphorylated intermediate of Na+ +K+ -ATPase. Cassaine also acted to displace specifically bound (3H)-ouabain from this enzyme. These observations suggested that cassaine inhibited the Na+ +K+ -ATPase by interacting at the cardiotonic steroid binding sites of Na+ +K+ -ATPase. Consistent with this hypothesis, dog, guinea pig and rat heart Na+ +K+ -ATPase showed differing sensitivities to cassaine paralleling their differing sensitivities to ouabain. The principal difference between the interaction of cassaine and ouabain with Na+ +K+ -ATPase appeared to be the more rapid dissociation of cassaine from the cardiotonic steroid binding site(s) of Na+ +K+ -ATPase. In keeping with this the rates of offset of cassaine-induced inotropy in Langendorff perfused dog and guinea pig hearts were several times faster than those of ouabain-induced inotropy.
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Kanto J, Kangas L, Siirtola T. Cerebrospinal-fluid concentration of diazepam and its metabolites in man. ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA ET TOXICOLOGICA 1975; 36:328-34. [PMID: 1173316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1975.tb00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wizemann V, Schulz I. Influence of amphotericin, amiloride, ionophores, and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the secretion of the isolated cat's pancreas. Pflugers Arch 1973; 339:317-38. [PMID: 4735613 DOI: 10.1007/bf00594167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Akera T. Quantitative aspects of the interaction between ouabain and (Na + + K + )-activated ATPase in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 249:53-62. [PMID: 4258793 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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van Os CH, Slegers JF. Correlation between (Na + -K + )-activated ATPase activities and the rate of isotonic fluid transport of gallbladder epithelium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 241:89-96. [PMID: 4256595 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Parsons JA, Summers RJ. Cat assay for the emetic action of digitalis and related glycosides (digitoxin, digoxin, lanatoside C, ouabain and calactin). Br J Pharmacol 1971; 42:143-52. [PMID: 5580699 PMCID: PMC1666988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
1. A titration assay with two end points is described for comparison of the emetic and lethal potencies of digitalis-like drugs.2. A drug was infused at constant rate to a conscious, unrestrained cat, through an indwelling venous cannula. At the moment of vomiting the cat was rapidly anaesthetized and infusion continued at the same rate until the moment of cardiac arrest.3. With very slow and very fast infusions, the emetic and lethal doses tended to rise. In the range between these extremes (which varied from drug to drug) they were independent of time.4. The observations could be accounted for by analogue computation, assuming that the drugs entered an initial pool and were distributed at finite rates to receptors in the CNS (vomiting centre) and heart.5. Half times of metabolic loss derived from this computation for digitoxin, digoxin and ouabain (17, 9.9 and 1.8 h, respectively) were in the same ratio as the threefold longer half times reported for these drugs in man.6. When measured with infusion rates in the time independent range, the ratio of lethal to emetic doses did not vary between the drugs studied. All caused vomiting at 40% of the lethal dose.7. From a review of the literature, the emetic and cardiotoxic actions of digitalis-like drugs appear inseparable and probably share a common biochemical mechanism.8. It is concluded that foreseeable improvements in digitalis-like drugs are small and would depend on the elimination of any local emetic effect on gut receptors which they may have.
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Pitts BJ, Askari A. Stimulation of the phosphatase activity of(Na+, K+)-ATPase preparations by ouabain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 225:388-91. [PMID: 4324136 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chan S, Quastel J. Effects of neurotropic drugs on sodium influx into rat brain cortex in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(70)90369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dorigo P, Fassina G. Interaction of cassaine (an alkaloid showing digitalis-like actions) with drugs stimulating lipolysis in vitro. Life Sci 1969; 8:1143-50. [PMID: 4311623 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(69)90043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Charnock JS, Potter HA. The effect of Mg2+ and ouabin on the incorporation of P32 from gamma-ATP32 into Na plus- and K plus-activated adenosine triphosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 134:42-7. [PMID: 4242087 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kuijpers W, Bonting SL. Studies on (Na+-K+)-activated ATPase. XXIV. Localization and properties of ATPase in the inner ear of the guinea pig. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 173:477-85. [PMID: 4238865 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(69)90012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bakkeren JA, Bonting SL. Studies on (Na+-K+)-activated ATPase. XX. Properties of (Na+-K+)-activated ATPase in rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 150:460-6. [PMID: 4231299 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(68)90145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Bowler K, Duncan CJ. The effect of temperature on the Mg2+-dependent and Na+-K+ ATPases of a rat brain microsomal preparation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 24:1043-54. [PMID: 4231310 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(68)90817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Grasso A, Zanini A, Sabatini MT. Effect of a nerve growth factor on sodium and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase in mice sympathetic ganglia. Brain Res 1968; 7:320-2. [PMID: 4230202 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(68)90112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Katz AI, Epstein FH. Physiologic role of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase in the transport of cations across biologic membranes. N Engl J Med 1968; 278:253-61. [PMID: 4229685 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196802012780506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
1. When dog semen is stored at 5 degrees for 24hr., K(+) is lost from the spermatozoa and Na(+) accumulates in the cells. 2. If at the end of the cold-storage period the semen is incubated at 37 degrees in the presence of added glucose there is a rapid uptake of K(+) and extrusion of Na(+) from the spermatozoa, the intracellular K(+) reaching a maximum within 30min. 3. When the semen is incubated at 20 degrees after cold storage there is an uptake of K(+) by the spermatozoa over 3hr. but no change in intracellular Na(+) concentration. 4. The extrusion of Na(+) and uptake of K(+) by dog spermatozoa has been shown to be inhibited by fluoride, iodoacetate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 5. Uptake of K(+) is inhibited by ouabain and half maximum inhibition is obtained with a concentration of 50mmum. There is a slight stimulation of K(+) uptake in the presence of ouabain at about 0.3% of the concentration required for half maximum inhibition.
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Voth D, Kohlhardt M. [Studies on the influence of different cations on ATP cleavage by the cytoplasma fraction of the plexus chorioideus of cattle]. EXPERIENTIA 1967; 23:105-6. [PMID: 4226663 DOI: 10.1007/bf02135943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Duggan PF. Biochemical reactions in cation transport. Ir J Med Sci 1966; 6:239-58. [PMID: 5328664 DOI: 10.1007/bf02943782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Brown HD. A characterization of the ouabain sensitivity of heart microsomal ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 120:162-5. [PMID: 4225354 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(66)90289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Corrie WS, Bonting SL. Studies on (Na+-K+)-activated ATPase. XVII. Effect of ouabain and erythrophleine on potassium concentration and membrane potential of frog sartorius muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 120:91-6. [PMID: 4225356 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(66)90280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bonting SL, Caravaggio LL. Studies on Na+-K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase. XVI. Its absence from the cation transport system of Ulva lactuca. BIBLIOTEK FOR LAEGER 1966; 112:519-23. [PMID: 4223673 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(66)90254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Palmer RF, Lasseter KC, Melvin SL. Stimulation of Na+ and K+ dependent adenosine triphosphatase by ouabain. Arch Biochem Biophys 1966; 113:629-33. [PMID: 4223408 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(66)90240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bonting SL. Studies on sodium-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase. XV. The rectal gland of the elasmobranchs. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1966; 17:953-66. [PMID: 4223357 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(66)90134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Der Einflu� von Calcium- und Kaliumionen auf die diuretische Wirkung von Herzglykosiden beim Hund. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1966. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00593166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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BONTING SL, CARAVAGGIO LL, CANADY MR, HAWKINS NM. Studies on sodium-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1964; 106:49-56. [PMID: 14217201 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(64)90155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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