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Ledermann L, Daouda S, Gouttesoulard C, Aarrouf J, Urban L. Flashes of UV-C Light Stimulate Defenses of Vitis vinifera L. 'Chardonnay' Against Erysiphe necator in Greenhouse and Vineyard Conditions. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2106-2113. [PMID: 33393363 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2229-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using detached leaves, UV-C light in the form of 1-s flashes has recently been shown to stimulate defenses of several plants against different pathogens better than 1-min exposures under greenhouse conditions. In the present work, the pathological tests were conducted using undetached leaves under greenhouse and vineyard conditions. In a first trial, two flashes of UV-C light were applied to plants of Vitis vinifera L. 'Chardonnay' grown under greenhouse conditions, at an interval of 10 days. Plants were inoculated with Erysiphe necator 2 days after the last light treatment. After 18 days of inoculation, the symptom severity on leaves was reduced by 60% when compared with the untreated control. In a second trial, flashes of UV-C light were applied to grapevine Chardonnay plants under field conditions in the southeast of France every 10 days from 18 April until 10 July 2019. The symptom severity resulting from natural contaminations by E. necator was reduced by 42% in leaves on 4 July 2019 and by 65% in clusters on 25 July 2019. In a third trial, we observed that UV-C light did not have any effect on net photosynthesis, maximal net photosynthesis, dark respiration, maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II, the performance index of Strasser, and, generally, any parameter derived from induction curves of maximal chlorophyll fluorescence. It was concluded that flashes of UV-C light have true potential for stimulating plant defenses against E. necator under vineyard conditions and, therefore, help in reducing fungicide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Ledermann
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, France
- UV Boosting, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Fgaier S, de Almeida Lopes MM, de Oliveira Silva E, Aarrouf J, Urban L. Xenon lamps used for fruit surface sterilization can increase the content of total flavonols in leaves of Lactuca sativa L. without any negative effect on net photosynthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223787. [PMID: 31634363 PMCID: PMC6802843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One (1P), two (2P), three (3P) or four (4P) pulses of light supplied by a xenon lamp, were applied to young lettuce plants grown in pots. The lamp used in the trial was similar to those used for fruit surface sterilization. Total flavonols were measured in leaves using the Dualex method. In a first trial conducted in greenhouse conditions, 6 days after the pulsed light (PL) treatment, flavonols were increased by 312% and 525% in the 3P and 4P treatments, respectively, in comparison to the those in the untreated control. Changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggest that the PL treatment may induce limited and transient damage to the photosynthetic machinery and that the damage increases with the increasing number of pulses. The performance parameters were not significantly affected by PL and recovered fully by 6 days after the treatments. The 1P and the 2P treatments 6 days after the treatment showed a 28.6% and a 32.5% increase, respectively, in net photosynthetic assimilation, when compared to that of the control. However, 8 days after the treatment, there was no longer a difference between the treatments and the control in net photosynthetic assimilation. Eight days after the light treatment, the 3P treatment showed a 38.4% increase in maximal net photosynthetic assimilation over that of the control, which is an indication of positive long-term adaptation of photosynthetic capacity. As a whole, our observations suggest that PL could be used on field or greenhouse crops to increase their phytochemical content. No long-lasting or strong negative effects on photosynthesis were associated with PL within the range of doses we tested; some observations even suggest that certain treatments could result in an additional positive effect. This conclusion is supported by a second trial conducted in phytotrons. More studies are required to better understand the roles of the different wavelengths supplied by PL and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Fgaier
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
- NOVAGENETIC, Anjou Actiparc, Longué Jumelle, France
| | | | | | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
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Urban L, Aarrouf J, Bidel LPR. Assessing the Effects of Water Deficit on Photosynthesis Using Parameters Derived from Measurements of Leaf Gas Exchange and of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2068. [PMID: 29312367 PMCID: PMC5735977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) is expected to increase in intensity, frequency and duration in many parts of the world as a consequence of global change, with potential negative effects on plant gas exchange and growth. We review here the parameters that can be derived from measurements made on leaves, in the field, and that can be used to assess the effects of WD on the components of plant photosynthetic rate, including stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, photosynthetic capacity, light absorbance, and efficiency of absorbed light conversion into photosynthetic electron transport. We also review some of the parameters related to dissipation of excess energy and to rerouting of electron fluxes. Our focus is mainly on the techniques of gas exchange measurements and of measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), either alone or combined. But we put also emphasis on some of the parameters derived from analysis of the induction phase of maximal ChlF, notably because they could be used to assess damage to photosystem II. Eventually we briefly present the non-destructive methods based on the ChlF excitation ratio method which can be used to evaluate non-destructively leaf contents in anthocyanins and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
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Urban L, Charles F, de Miranda MRA, Aarrouf J. Understanding the physiological effects of UV-C light and exploiting its agronomic potential before and after harvest. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:1-11. [PMID: 27064192 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an abundant literature about the biological and physiological effects of UV-B light and the signaling and metabolic pathways it triggers and influences. Much less is known about UV-C light even though it seems to have a lot of potential for being effective in less time than UV-B light. UV-C light is known since long to exert direct and indirect inhibitory and damaging effects on living cells and is therefore commonly used for disinfection purposes. More recent observations suggest that UV-C light can also be exploited to stimulate the production of health-promoting phytochemicals, to extent shelf life of fruits and vegetables and to stimulate mechanisms of adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Clearly some of these effects may be related to the stimulating effect of UV-C light on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to the stimulation of antioxidant molecules and mechanisms, although UV-C light could also trigger and regulate signaling pathways independently from its effect on the production of ROS. Our review clearly underlines the high potential of UV-C light in agriculture and therefore advocates for more work to be done to improve its efficiency and also to increase our understanding of the way UV-C light is perceived and influences the physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 2139 - 84916, Avignon cedex 9, France.
| | - Florence Charles
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 2139 - 84916, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Maria Raquel Alcântara de Miranda
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Frutos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mr. Hull 2297 Bl. 907, Campus do Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 2139 - 84916, Avignon cedex 9, France
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Boardman NK. The photochemical systems of photosynthesis. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 30:1-79. [PMID: 4872299 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122754.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bar-Zvi D, Tiefert MA, Shavit N. Interaction of the chloroplast ATP synthetase with the photoreactive nucleotide 3′-O
-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl adenosine 5'-diphosphate. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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RENGER G, VÖLKER M, ECKERT HJ, FROMME R, HOHM-VEIT S, GRÄBER P. ON THE MECHANISM OF PHOTOSYSTEM II DETERIORATION BY UV-B IRRADIATION. Photochem Photobiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hauska G, Reimer S, Trebst A. Native and artificial energy-conserving sites in cyclic photophosphorylation systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 357:1-13. [PMID: 4414777 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Light-induced changes of C-550 and fluorescence yield in ultraviolet-irradiated chloroplasts at room temperature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1974; 333:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Amesz J. The function of plastoquinone in photosynthetic electron transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 301:35-51. [PMID: 4574766 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(73)90011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Erixon K, Butler WL. Destruction of C-550 by ultraviolet radiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 253:483-6. [PMID: 5133538 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(71)90051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mantai KE, Wong J, Bishop NI. Comparison studies on the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 197:257-66. [PMID: 4391993 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(70)90036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mantai KE, Bishop NI. Studies on the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on photosynthesis and on the 520 nm light-dark difference spectra in green algae and isolated chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 131:350-6. [PMID: 6049485 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mechanism of Photoinduced Electron Transport in Isolated Chloroplasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9970-2.50008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Metzner H. [Photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1966; 53:141-50. [PMID: 4295189 DOI: 10.1007/bf00591884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kinetics and Intermediates of the Oxygen Evolution Step in Photosynthesis1 1This investigation was supported in part by the Aerospace Medical Division (AF 41(609)–2369), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASw–747), and the National Institutes of Health (PH 43–63–36). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9969-6.50007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Avron M, Shavit N. Inhibitors and uncouplers of photophosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 109:317-31. [PMID: 5867539 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(65)90160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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