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Duarte FS, Duzzioni M, Leme LR, Smith SDP, De Lima TC. Evidence for involvement of NK3 receptors in the anxiogenic-like effect of SP6-11(C-terminal), a metabolite of substance P, in rats evaluated in the elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:168-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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2
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Misu R, Yamamoto K, Yamada A, Noguchi T, Ohno H, Yamamura T, Okamura H, Matsuda F, Ohkura S, Oishi S, Fujii N. Structure–activity relationship study on senktide for development of novel potent neurokinin-3 receptor selective agonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A potent neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) selective agonist with resistance to proteolytic digestion was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Misu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Koki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Ai Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Taro Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Animal Physiology Research Unit
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- Tsukuba 305-0901
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamura
- Animal Physiology Research Unit
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- Tsukuba 305-0901
- Japan
| | - Fuko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8601
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8601
- Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
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Yadav PN, Kroeze WK, Farrell MS, Roth BL. Antagonist functional selectivity: 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists differentially regulate 5-HT2A receptor protein level in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:99-105. [PMID: 21737536 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the 5-HT(2A) receptor is implicated in both the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Although the essential role of 5-HT(2A) receptors in atypical antipsychotic drug actions is widely accepted, the contribution of 5-HT(2A) down-regulation to their efficacy is not known. We hypothesized that down-regulation of cortical 5-HT(2A) receptors contributes to the therapeutic action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of chronically administered antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol) and several 5-HT(2A) antagonists [ketanserin, altanserin, α-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenylethyl)]-4-piperidinemethanol (M100907), α-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinemethano (M11939), 4-[(2Z)-3-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]amino}-3-(2-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one (SR46349B), and pimavanserin], on the phencyclidine (PCP)-induced hyperlocomotor response and cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor levels in C57BL/6J mice. Clozapine and olanzapine, but not haloperidol, induced receptor down-regulation and attenuated PCP-induced locomotor responses. Of the selective 5-HT(2A) antagonists tested, only ketanserin caused significant receptor protein down-regulation, whereas SR46349B up-regulated 5-HT(2A) receptors and potentiated PCP-hyperlocomotion; the other 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists were without effect. The significance of these findings with respect to atypical antipsychotic drug action is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem N Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Schäble S, Topic B, Buddenberg T, Petri D, Huston JP, de Souza Silva MA. Neurokinin3-R agonism in aged rats has anxiolytic-, antidepressant-, and promnestic-like effects and stimulates ACh release in frontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:484-94. [PMID: 21342754 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin-3 receptors (NK(3)-R) are localized in brain regions which have been implicated in processes governing learning and memory as well as emotionality. The effects of acute subcutaneous (s.c.) senktide (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg), a NK(3)-R agonist, were tested in aged (23-25 month old) Wistar rats: (a) in an episodic-like memory test, using an object discrimination task (this is the first study to test for deficits in episodic-like memory in aged rats, since appropriate tests have only recently became available); (b) on parameters of anxiety in an open field test, (c) on indices of depression in the forced swimming test and (d) on the activity of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. Neither the saline-, nor senktide-treated aged animals, exhibited episodic-like memory. However, the senktide-, but not the vehicle-treated group, exhibited object memory for spatial displacement, a component of episodic memory. Senktide injection also had anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Furthermore, the active doses of senktide on behavior increased ACh levels in the frontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting a relationship between its cholinergic and behavioral actions. The results indicate cholinergic modulation by the NK(3)-R in conjunction with a role in the processing of memory and emotional responses in the aged rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schäble
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
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Topaloglu AK. Neurokinin B signaling in puberty: human and animal studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 324:64-9. [PMID: 20176081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports of humans who have normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to TAC3 or TACR3 (encoding neurokinin B and its receptor, NK3R, respectively) mutations provided compelling evidence for the involvement of neurokinin B (NKB) signaling in puberty. This apparently stimulated the field to understand the exact mechanism through which NKB signaling exerts its effects. With the important findings from these recent studies a sketch of GnRH pulse generator has emerged in which NKB signaling appears to play a key role. In this communication, NKB involvement in puberty is reviewed from the perspective of the fundamental question of "what controls puberty?"
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kemal Topaloglu
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey.
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Li L, Gao X, Zhao J, Ji X, Wei H, Luo Y. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid substance P in post-stroke patients with depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 63:298-304. [PMID: 19566760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the correlation between the incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) and the levels of substance P (SP) in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Ninety-one stroke patients were divided into PSD (n = 46) and post-stroke (without depression) groups (n = 45). PSD must have occurred 2-4 weeks after the onset of the stroke and was determined by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). In addition, the subjects were divided into anterior (n = 67) and posterior circulation stroke groups (n = 24) based on the location of the focus as determined by computed tomography. All recruited patients were graded by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). RESULTS The results included the following findings: (i) the level of plasma SP in the PSD group (58.47 +/- 14.39) was higher than that of the PS group (36.98 +/- 9.49; P = 0.000), while the level of CSF SP in the PSD group (72.13 +/- 13.06) was higher than that of the post-stroke group (37.30 +/- 12.57; P = 0.03); (ii) the level of plasma SP was positively correlated with the HAMD and NIHSS score; (iii) the level of plasma SP (38.45 +/- 12.23), the HAMD score (9.08 +/- 8.72), and the NIHSS score (3.25 +/- 1.90) of the anterior stroke group (51.21 +/- 16.27, 17.46 +/- 15.96, and 6.91 +/- 3.30, respectively) were higher than those of the posterior stroke group (38.45 +/- 12.23, 9.08 +/- 8.7, and 3.25 +/- 1.90, respectively; P = 0.017, P = 0.001, and P = 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SP in the plasma and CSF of patients exhibited a close correlation with neural damage and the incidence of PSD. This study also suggested that anterior hemispheric strokes may play a significant role in development of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Siuciak JA, McCarthy SA, Martin AN, Chapin DS, Stock J, Nadeau DM, Kantesaria S, Bryce-Pritt D, McLean S. Disruption of the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3) in mice leads to cognitive deficits. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 194:185-95. [PMID: 17558564 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The structurally related neuropeptides, substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B, belong to a family of molecules termed tachykinins and are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. These peptides mediate their effects through three G protein coupled receptor subtypes, the neurokinin-1, neurokinin-2 and neurokinin-3 receptors, respectively. OBJECTIVE To study the physiological functions of NK3, a line of NK3 knockout mice were generated and characterized in a broad spectrum of well-established behavioral tests. RESULTS In several tests, including spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, forced swim, and hot plate, wild-type and knockout mice performed similarly. However, in several cognition tests, including passive avoidance, acquisition of conditioned avoidance responding (CAR), and the Morris water maze, NK3 knockout mice displayed deficits compared to wild-type mice. Although NK3 wild-type and knockout mice performed similarly in the training phase of the passive avoidance test, knockout mice had shorter latencies to enter the dark compartment on days 3 and 4, suggesting impaired retention. In the acquisition phase of the conditioned avoidance responding assay, NK3 knockout mice acquired the CAR task at a slower rate than wild-type mice. Once the CAR test was acquired, both NK3 wild-type and knockout mice responded similarly to clozapine and risperidone, drugs which suppress responding in this test. In the Morris water maze, NK3 knockout mice showed increased latencies to find the escape platform on day 3 of training, suggesting a modest, but significant delay in acquisition compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These studies suggest a role for NK3 in learning and memory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Siuciak
- CNS Discovery, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Jocham G, Lezoch K, Müller CP, Kart-Teke E, Huston JP, de Souza Silva MA. Neurokinin receptor antagonism attenuates cocaine's behavioural activating effects yet potentiates its dopamine-enhancing action in the nucleus accumbens core. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 24:1721-32. [PMID: 17004936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate a role for neurokinin3 receptors (NK3-Rs) in behavioural activation and mechanisms governing reinforcement processes. In this study we investigated the effect of pretreatment with the NK3-R antagonist, SR142801, (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg) on the cocaine-induced (10.0 mg/kg i.p.) increase in extracellular dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In vivo microdialysis in the NAc of freely moving rats showed that cocaine increased concentrations of dopamine (DA) to approximately 350% in the core and approximately 450% in the shell. Pre-treatment with SR142801 significantly potentiated this effect in the core (to approximately 550%), whereas this effect was not found in the shell. We also investigated the effects of NK3-Rs antagonism on cocaine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference. SR142801 blocked the hyperactivity, but neither the conditioned place preference nor the conditioned locomotor activity induced by cocaine, although there was a slight tendency towards a reduced place preference. When given alone, SR142801 had no effects on behaviour or extracellular dopamine concentrations in any of the structures investigated. These data provide evidence for a contribution of NK3-Rs in the acute behavioural and neurochemical effects of cocaine, involving dopaminergic activity in the core of the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Jocham
- Institute of Physiological Psychology and Center for Biological and Medical Research, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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de Souza Silva MA, Mello EL, Müller CP, Jocham G, Maior RS, Huston JP, Tomaz C, Barros M. Interaction of the tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist senktide with behavioral effects of cocaine in marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). Peptides 2006; 27:2214-23. [PMID: 16621146 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain neuropeptide transmitters of the tachykinin family are involved in the organization of many behaviors. However, little is known about their contribution to the behavioral effects of drugs of abuse. Recently, antagonism of the tachykinin NK3-receptor (NK3-R), one of the three tachykinin receptors in the brain, was shown to attenuate the acute and chronic behavioral effects of cocaine in rats and the acute effects in non-human primates. In order to expand these findings we investigated the effects of the NK3-R agonist, succinyl-[Asp6, Me-Phe8]SP(6-11) (senktide), on the acute behavioral effects of cocaine in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix penicillata) using a figure-eight maze procedure. Animals were pretreated with senktide (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg, s.c.), and received either a treatment with cocaine (10 mg/kg) or saline (i.p.). Cocaine increased locomotor activity and the duration of aerial scanning behavior, but reduced exploratory activity, bodycare activity, the frequency of aerial scanning, and terrestrial glance behavior. Senktide blocked the effects of cocaine on locomotor activity, but enhanced the cocaine effects on exploratory activity, aerial scanning frequency, and terrestrial glance behavior. Senktide alone did not significantly influence monkey behavior in this study. These data expand previous findings suggesting a complex role of the NK3-R in the acute behavioral effects of cocaine in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A de Souza Silva
- Institute of Physiological Psychology and Center for Biological and Medical Research, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Deschamps K, Couture R. The ventral tegmental area as a putative target for tachykinins in cardiovascular regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 145:712-27. [PMID: 15895109 PMCID: PMC1576198 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachykinin receptor agonists and antagonists were microinjected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to study the relative participation of the three tachykinin receptors in cardiovascular regulation in freely behaving rat. Selective agonists (1-100 pmol) for NK1 ([Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP), NK2 ([beta-Ala8]NKA (4-10)) and NK3 (senktide) receptors evoked increases in blood pressure, heart rate (HR) along with behavioural manifestations (face washing, sniffing, head scratching, rearing, wet dog shake). At 1 pmol, NK1 and NK3 agonists did not affect behaviour and blood pressure but only HR. Tachykinin agonists-induced cardiovascular responses were selectively and reversibly blocked by the prior injection of antagonists for NK1 receptors (LY 303870 ((R)-1-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)acetyl)amino]propane), 5 nmol), NK2 receptors (SR 48968 ([(S)-N-methyl-N-[4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butyl]benzamide]), 250 pmol) and NK3 receptors (SB 235375 ((-)-(S)-N-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-(carboxymethoxy)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide), 25 nmol). With the exception of the NK2 agonist, most behavioural effects were also blocked by antagonists. Tachykinin agonists-induced cardiovascular responses were inhibited by intravenous (i.v.) treatments with antagonists for D1 dopamine receptor (SCH23390, 0.2 mg kg(-1)) and beta1-adrenoceptor (atenolol, 5 mg kg(-1)) but not for D2 dopamine receptor (raclopride, 0.16 mg kg(-1)). Behavioural responses were blocked by SCH23390 only. The present study provides the first pharmacological evidence that the three tachykinin receptors in the rat VTA can affect the autonomic control of blood pressure and HR by increasing midbrain dopaminergic transmission. This mechanism may be involved in the coordination of behavioural and cardiovascular responses to stress and noxious stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Deschamps
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
- Author for correspondence:
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Sandoval-Guzmán T, Rance NE. Central injection of senktide, an NK3 receptor agonist, or neuropeptide Y inhibits LH secretion and induces different patterns of Fos expression in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res 2005; 1026:307-12. [PMID: 15488494 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arcuate neurokinin B (NKB) neurons express estrogen receptor-alpha and are strongly modulated by gonadal steroids. Although numerous studies suggest that NKB neurons participate in the reproductive axis, there is no information on the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by NKB or its receptor, NK3. In the present study, we determined if central injection of senktide, a selective NK3 receptor agonist, would alter serum LH in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. The effects of senktide were compared to neuropeptide Y (NPY), a well-characterized modulator of LH secretion. Saline, senktide, or NPY was injected into the lateral ventricle of unanesthetized rats and serial blood samples were collected for LH radioimmunoassay. The rats were sacrificed 90 min after injection and the brains were removed and processed for Fos immunocytochemistry. A significant inhibition of serum LH was observed from 30 to 90 min after injection of senktide relative to saline controls. In the senktide-injected rats, the inhibition of serum LH was accompanied by increased Fos expression in the medial preoptic area and arcuate nucleus--two reproductive control centers. Senktide also induced Fos in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). Injection of NPY also inhibited serum LH but increased Fos expression only in the PVN and SON. This study provides the first demonstration of alterations in LH secretion by an NK3 receptor agonist. These data, combined with the induction of Fos in medial preoptic and arcuate neurons, strongly support the hypothesis that NKB neurons play a role in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion.
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Dableh LJ, Yashpal K, Rochford J, Henry JL. Antidepressant-like effects of neurokinin receptor antagonists in the forced swim test in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 507:99-105. [PMID: 15659299 PMCID: PMC5127697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although a wide assortment of agents is currently available for the treatment of depression, this disorder remains poorly managed in a large proportion of patients. Traditional antidepressant treatments target the biogenic amine systems. However, a growing body of evidence is implicating the involvement of neuropeptides in depression, especially the neurokinin substance P. This study evaluated the effects of selective antagonists of the tachykinin NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors in the forced swim test, a commonly used screen for antidepressants. Rats were given CP-96,345 (2S, 3S)-cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-methyl]-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-amine, SR 48968 (S)-N-methyl-N[4-(4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-butyl]benzamide, or SR 142801 (S)-(N)-(1-(3-(1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) piperidin-3-yl) propyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-methylacetamide, antagonists of the NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors, respectively, at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.). The time of immobility during the forced swim test was used as an indicator of antidepressant activity of the antagonists. All antagonists decreased immobility times. CP-96,345 and SR 142801 showed dose-related effects; SR 48968 had its maximum effect at 2.5 mg/kg. The magnitude of the effects of the neurokinin receptor antagonists was approximately the same as that of amitriptyline and desipramine, two traditional antidepressants, both given at 10 mg/kg, i.p. This study provides comparative data on the relative effectiveness of NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptor antagonists in this screen for antidepressant drug activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane J. Dableh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Kiran Yashpal
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
- Department of Aneasthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Joseph Rochford
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - James L. Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1. Tel.: +1 519 661 3461; fax: +1 519 661 3827. (J.L. Henry)
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Hay DWP, Giardina GAM, Griswold DE, Underwood DC, Kotzer CJ, Bush B, Potts W, Sandhu P, Lundberg D, Foley JJ, Schmidt DB, Martin LD, Kilian D, Legos JJ, Barone FC, Luttmann MA, Grugni M, Raveglia LF, Sarau HM. Nonpeptide tachykinin receptor antagonists. III. SB 235375, a low central nervous system-penetrant, potent and selective neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist, inhibits citric acid-induced cough and airways hyper-reactivity in guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 300:314-23. [PMID: 11752131 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.300.1.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profile of (-)-(S)-N-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-(carboxymethoxy)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide (SB 235375), a low central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant, human neurokinin-3 (NK-3) receptor (hNK-3R) antagonist, is described. SB 235375 inhibited (125)I-[MePhe(7)]-neurokinin B (NKB) binding to membranes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the hNK-3R (CHO-hNK-3R) with a K(i) = 2.2 nM and antagonized competitively NKB-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing the hNK-3R (HEK 293-hNK-3R) with a K(b) = 12 nM. SB 235375 antagonized senktide (NK-3R)-induced contractions in rabbit isolated iris sphincter (pA(2) = 8.1) and guinea pig ileal circular smooth muscles (pA(2) = 8.3). SB 235375 was selective for the hNK-3R compared with hNK-1 (K(i) > 100,000 nM) and hNK-2 receptors (K(i) = 209 nM), and was without effect, at 1 microM, in 68 other receptor, enzyme, and ion channel assays. Intravenous SB 235375 produced a dose-related inhibition of miosis induced by i.v. senktide in the rabbit (ED(50) of 0.56 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal SB 235375 (10-30 mg/kg) inhibited citric acid-induced cough and airways hyper-reactivity in guinea pigs. In mice oral SB 235375 (3-30 mg/kg) was without significant effect on the behavioral responses induced by intracerebral ventricular administration of senktide. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in the mouse and rat revealed that oral SB 235375 was well absorbed systemically but did not effectively cross the blood-brain barrier. The preclinical profile of SB 235375, encompassing high affinity, selectivity, oral activity, and low CNS penetration, suggests that it is an appropriate tool compound to define the pathophysiological roles of the NK-3Rs in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W P Hay
- GlaxoSmithKline, Department of Pulmonary Biology, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The present article reviews the studies so far published on the psychopharmacological effects mediated by tachykinin NK-3 receptors in laboratory animals. Central administration of NK-3 receptor agonists has been reported to attenuate alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats and to evoke conditioned place preference. These findings suggest that NK-3 receptors may affect reward processes to drugs of abuse. Anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects have been previously reported for NK-1 receptor antagonists, and anxiolytic-like effects for NK-2 receptor antagonists. More recently, it has been shown that NK-3 receptor agonists have anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in mice and rats, while an NK-3 receptor antagonist was reported to be anxiogenic in mice. These findings indicate that different TK receptor subtypes may be involved in anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in laboratory animals and raise interest for the possible role of NK-3 receptors in the control of anxiety and depression in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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Zaman S, Woods AJ, Watson JW, Reynolds DJ, Andrews PL. The effect of the NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 on emesis and c-fos protein induction by loperamide in the ferret. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39:316-23. [PMID: 10670427 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The site of the anti-emetic action of the neurokinin1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 was studied in the ferret using the centrally acting opiate receptor agonist loperamide at a dose (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) which induced emesis in all animals tested. CP-99,994 (1 mg/kg, s.c.x2) abolished the emetic response (retching and vomiting) and the behaviours (licking, wet dog shakes, mouth scratching and gagging) induced by loperamide over a 2-h observation period. The enantiomer of this compound CP-100,263 (1 mg/kg, s.c.x2) did not have any significant effect on emesis or related behaviours. Loperamide (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) administration (but not its vehicle) resulted in dense fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) mainly throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the nucleus tractus solitarius but not the area postrema. Although CP-99,994 (1 mg/kgx2) abolished the loperamide-induced emesis, it did not have any statistically significant effect on FLI in the brainstem. In loperamide and CP-100,263 (1 mg/kg, s.c.x2) treated animals FLI was comparable to that in animals treated with loperamide and CP-99,994. The results from this study taken together with those from previous studies indicate that loperamide exerts its emetic effect via nucleus tractus solitarius dendrites projecting into the area postrema. The lack of significant effect of CP-99,994 on the FLI induced by loperamide in this nucleus suggests that it is acting at a site "deep" in the nucleus tractus solitarius or elsewhere. The marked reduction in behaviours associated with loperamide administration by CP-99,994 provides a preliminary indication that NK1 receptor antagonist (as represented by CP-99,994) may in the clinic have effects on behaviours induced by emetic agents in addition to their previously described effects on retching and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaman
- Department of Physiology, St George's Hospital Medical School, Tooting, London, UK
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17
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Mileusnic D, Lee JM, Magnuson DJ, Hejna MJ, Krause JE, Lorens JB, Lorens SA. Neurokinin-3 receptor distribution in rat and human brain: an immunohistochemical study. Neuroscience 1999; 89:1269-90. [PMID: 10362314 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoradiographic and immunohistochemical studies have shown that the neurokinin-3 receptor is widely distributed in the rodent CNS. Expression of the neurokinin-3 receptor in human brain, however, has been debated. These conflicting findings, as well as the poor resolution of autoradiographic images, prompted us to develop a polyclonal antibody against an oligopeptide derived from the carboxy-terminus consensus sequence of both the rat and human neurokinin-3 receptor ([C]ASTTSSFISSPYTSVDEYS, amino acids 434-452 of the rat neurokinin-3 receptor). Western blot analysis of both human and rat brain tissue revealed a major band in the molecular weight range 65,000-67,000, the proposed molecular weight of the neurokinin-3 receptor based on its amino acid sequence and presumed glycosylation state. The distribution of selective high affinity neurokinin-3 receptor agonist [3H]senktide binding and neurokinin-3 receptor immunoreactivity were virtually identical in the brains of male Fischer 344 rats. The highest concentrations of neurokinin-3 receptors were observed in cortical layers IV-V; the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus; the hypothalamic paraventricular, perifornical and supraoptic nuclei; the zona incerta; and the entopeduncular and interpeduncular nuclei. [3H]senktide binding and neurokinin-3 receptor immunoreactivity were compared in homologous cortical areas of the human and rat brain. In contrast to the rat, autoradiographic analysis of normal control human brains (35-75 years) revealed a distinct and predominant superficial cortical labeling in the glia limitans and the cortical layer I. However, neurokinin-3 receptor immunoreactivity could be found not only in the superficial cortical layers, but also on pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in the neuropil and white matter. These findings suggest species differences in both the cellular and anatomical distribution of the neurokinin-3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mileusnic
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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18
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Giardina GA, Raveglia LF, Grugni M, Sarau HM, Farina C, Medhurst AD, Graziani D, Schmidt DB, Rigolio R, Luttmann M, Cavagnera S, Foley JJ, Vecchietti V, Hay DW. Discovery of a novel class of selective non-peptide antagonists for the human neurokinin-3 receptor. 2. Identification of (S)-N-(1-phenylpropyl)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide (SB 223412). J Med Chem 1999; 42:1053-65. [PMID: 10090788 DOI: 10.1021/jm980633c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the previously reported 2-phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxamide NK-3 receptor antagonist 14, with regard to potential metabolic instability of the ester moiety and affinity and selectivity for the human neurokinin-3 (hNK-3) receptor, is described. The ester functionality could be successfully replaced by the ketone (31) or by lower alkyl groups (Et, 21, or n-Pr, 24). Investigation of the substitution pattern of the quinoline ring resulted in the identification of position 3 as a key position to enhance hNK-3 binding affinity and selectivity for the hNK-3 versus the hNK-2 receptor. All of the chemical groups introduced at this position, with the exception of halogens, increased the hNK-3 binding affinity, and compounds 53 (3-OH, SB 223412, hNK-3-CHO binding Ki = 1.4 nM) and 55 (3-NH2, hNK-3-CHO binding Ki = 1.2 nM) were the most potent compounds of this series. Selectivity studies versus the other neurokinin receptors (hNK-2-CHO and hNK-1-CHO) revealed that 53 is about 100-fold selective for the hNK-3 versus hNK-2 receptor, with no affinity for the hNK-1 at concentrations up to 100 microM. In vitro studies demonstrated that 53 is a potent functional antagonist of the hNK-3 receptor (reversal of senktide-induced contractions in rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscles and reversal of NKB-induced Ca2+ mobilization in CHO cells stably expressing the hNK-3 receptor), while in vivo this compound showed oral and intravenous activity in NK-3 receptor-driven models (senktide-induced behavioral responses in mice and senktide-induced miosis in rabbits). Overall, the biological data indicate that (S)-N-(1-phenylpropyl)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide (53, SB 223412) may serve as a pharmacological tool in animal models of disease to assess the functional and pathophysiological role of the NK-3 receptor and to establish therapeutic indications for non-peptide NK-3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Giardina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham S.p.A., Via Zambeletti, 20021 Baranzate, Milano, Italy
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19
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Panocka I, Ciccocioppo R, Polidori C, Angeletti S, De Caro G, Massi M. Sensitivity of brain sites to the inhibitory effect on alcohol intake of the tachykinin aminosenktide. Peptides 1998; 19:897-905. [PMID: 9663456 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the sensitivity of several brain sites to the inhibitory effect of the tachykinin (TK) NK-3 receptor agonist aminosenktide (NH2-SENK) on 10% ethanol intake in genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Attention was focused on limbic structures involved in alcohol-seeking behavior and endowed with TK NK-3 receptors. NH2-SENK was bilaterally injected into the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NACC), the medial amygdala (AMY), the dorsal hippocampus (HIPP), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). NH2-SENK (injected up to 25-75 ng/site) into the NACC, AMY, HIPP, and VTA did not significantly modify ethanol intake. Injection of NH2-SENK into the BNST reduced ethanol intake at doses of 25 ng/site or higher, but the same doses also reduced water intake in water-deprived rats and food intake in food-deprived rats. Injection of NH2-SENK into the LH or the NBM at doses of 0.5, 5, or 25 ng/site inhibited 10% ethanol intake even at the lowest dose tested without affecting either food or water consumption in deprived animals. Present results indicate that the LH and the NBM are highly sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the TK NK-3 receptor agonist NH2-SENK on ethanol intake. TK peptides have been shown to evoke conditioned place preference following injection in the LH or the NBM, suggesting that in these brain sites the effect of TK agonists on ethanol intake might be due to interference with reward processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panocka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Mrokow
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Yip J, Chahl LA. Localization of Fos-like immunoreactivity induced by the NK3 tachykinin receptor agonist, senktide, in the guinea-pig brain. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:715-25. [PMID: 9375969 PMCID: PMC1564975 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the NK3 tachykinin receptor agonist, senktide (10 nmol each side), in guinea-pigs pretreated with the selective NK3 tachykinin receptor antagonist, SR142801 (3 mg kg(-1) subcutaneous, s.c., 30 min before senktide), or its less active enantiomer, SR142806 (3 mg kg(-1) s.c. 30 min before senktide), on behaviour and on the distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in central neurones were investigated. Guinea-pigs were chosen for the study since they possess NK3 tachykinin receptors with pharmacological characteristics similar to those in man. 2. Wet-dog shakes, but not locomotor activity, elicited by senktide i.c.v. were significantly reduced by SR142801 but not by SR142806, confirming the involvement of NK3 tachykinin receptors in wet-dog shake behaviour. 3. Senktide induced increased numbers of Fos-LI neurones in the following brain areas: frontal, parietal and piriform cortex, the lateral septum, the CA1, CA2, subiculum and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, most areas in the amygdala, thalamus and hypothalamus, medial geniculate nucleus and the ventral cochlear nucleus. Pretreatment with SR142801, but not with SR142806, before administration of senktide inhibited Fos-LI expression in the cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, some regions of the thalamus, hypothalamus and amygdala and the ventral cochlear nucleus. 4. The present results are the first demonstration that senktide induces Fos-LI in widespread areas of the guinea-pig brain. It is proposed that NK3 tachykinin receptors may play a more extensive role in the control of diverse brain functions, including cortical processing, learning and memory, neuroendocrine and behavioural regulation, than is currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yip
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia
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21
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Medhurst AD, Hay DW, Parsons AA, Martin LD, Griswold DE. In vitro and in vivo characterization of NK3 receptors in the rabbit eye by use of selective non-peptide NK3 receptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:469-76. [PMID: 9351503 PMCID: PMC1564965 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Inhibition of NK3 receptor agonist-induced contraction in the rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscle was used to assess the in vitro functional activity of three 2-phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxamides, members of a novel class of potent and selective non-peptide NK3 receptor antagonists. In addition, an in vivo correlate of this in vitro response, namely NK3 receptor agonist-induced miosis in conscious rabbits, was characterized with some of these antagonists. 2. In vitro senktide (succinyl-[Asp9,MePhe8]-substance P (6-11) and [MePhe7]-neurokinin B ([MePhe7]-NKB) were potent contractile agents in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle but exhibited quite different profiles. Senktide produced monophasic log concentration-effect curves with a mean pD2=9.03+/-0.06 and mean nH=1.2+/-0.02 (n=14). In contrast, [MePhe7]-NKB produced shallow log concentration-effect curves which often appeared biphasic (nH=0.54+/-0.04, n=8), preventing the accurate determination of pD2 values. 3. The contractile responses to the NK3 receptor agonist senktide were antagonized in a surmountable and concentration-dependent manner by SB 223412 ((-)-(S)-N-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-4-ca rboxamide; 3-30 nM, pA2=8.4, slope=1.8+/-0.3, n=4). SB 222200 ((-)-(S)-N-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-methyl-2-phenylquinoline-4-car box amide; 30-300 nM, pA2=7.9, slope=1.4+/-0.06, n=4) and SB 218795 ((-)-(R)-N-(alpha-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide; 0.3 and 3 microM apparent pKB=7.4+/-0.06, n=6). 4. Contractile responses to the NK3 receptor agonist [MePhe7]-NKB in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle were unaffected by SB 218795 (0.3 and 3 microM, n=8). In contrast, SB 223412 (30 and 300 microM n=4) and SB 222200 (0.3 and 3 microM, n=4) inhibited responses to low concentrations (< or = 1 nM), to a greater extent than higher concentrations (> 1 nM) of [MePhe7]-NKB. Furthermore, log concentration-effect curves to [MePhe7]-NKB became steeper and monophasic in the presence of each antagonist. 5. SB 218795 (3 microM, n=4) had no effect on contractions induced by transmural nerve stimulation (2 Hz) or substance P, exemplifying the selectivity of this class of antagonist for functional NK3 receptors over NK1 receptors in the rabbit. 6. In vivo, senktide (1, 10 and 25 microg i.v., i.e. 1.2, 11.9 and 29.7 nmol, respectively) induced concentration-dependent bilateral miosis in conscious rabbits (maximum pupillary constriction=4.25+/-0.25 mm; basal pupillary diameter 7.75+/-0.48 mm; n=4). The onset of miosis was within 2-5 min of application of senktide and responses lasted up to 30 min. Responses to two i.v. administrations of 25 microg senktide given 30 min apart revealed no evidence of tachyphylaxis. Topical administration of atropine (1%) to the eye enhanced pupillary responses to 25 microg senktide. This was probably due to the mydriatic effect of atropine since it significantly increased baseline pupillary diameter from 7.0+/-0.4 mm to 9.0+/-0.7 mm (n=4), thereby increasing the maximum capacity for miosis. Senktide-induced miosis was inhibited by SB 222200 (1 and 2 mg kg[-1], i.v., i.e. 2.63 and 5.26 micromol kg[-1]; maximum inhibition 100%; n=3-4), SB 223412 (0.5 and 1 mg kg[-1], i.v., i.e. 1.31 and 2.61 micromol kg[-1]; maximum inhibition 100%; n=3), SB 218795 (0.5 and 1 mg kg[-1] i.v., i.e. 1.26 and 2.52 micromol kg-1; maximum inhibition 78%; n=3), and the structurally distinct NK3 receptor antagonist SR 142801 ((S)-(N)-(1-(3-(1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)propyl)-4-phenylepipiperidin-4-yl)-N-methylacetamide; 1.5mg kg-1, i.v., i.e. 2.47micromol kg-1, maximum inhibition 92%; n=3). 7. Topical administration of senktide (25microg; 29.7nmol) to the eye induced unilateral miosis in the treated eye only. At this dose there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between pupillary constriction obtained by topical or i.v. senktide, and topically administered atropine had no significant effect on responses to topical senktide (n=4). 8. [MePhe7]-NKB (125, 250 and 500microg, i.v., i.e. 98.31, 196.62 and 393.24nmol, respectively) also induced bilateral miosis in conscious rabbits (maximum pupillary constriction=4.13+/-0.30mm; n=4), but in contrast to in vitro studies this agonist was approximately 100 fold less potent than senktide. [MePhe7]-NKB-induced miosis was inhibited by SB 222200 (5mg kg-1, i.v., i.e. 13.14micromol kg-1; maximum inhibition 69%; n=3). 9. In summary, SB 223412, SB 222200 and SB 218795 are potent and selective antagonists of NK3 receptor-mediated contraction in the rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscle. In addition, NK3 receptor agonist-induced miosis in conscious rabbits is a good in vivo correlate of the in vitro rabbit iris sphincter muscle preparation and appears to be a useful model for characterizing the pharmacodynamic profile and efficacy of structurally distinct NK3 receptor antagonists, such as SB 222200, SB 223412, SB 218795 and SR 142801.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Medhurst
- Department of Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, U.K
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22
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Giardina GA, Sarau HM, Farina C, Medhurst AD, Grugni M, Raveglia LF, Schmidt DB, Rigolio R, Luttmann M, Vecchietti V, Hay DW. Discovery of a novel class of selective non-peptide antagonists for the human neurokinin-3 receptor. 1. Identification of the 4-quinolinecarboxamide framework. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1794-807. [PMID: 9191956 DOI: 10.1021/jm960818o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of potent and selective non-peptide neurokinin-3 (NK-3) receptor antagonists, featuring the 4-quinolinecarboxamide framework, has been designed based upon chemically diverse NK-1 receptor antagonists. The novel compounds 33-76, prompted by chemical modifications of the prototype 4, have been characterized by binding analysis using a membrane preparation of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human neurokinin-3 receptors (hNK-3-CHO), and clear structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been established. From SARs, (R)-N-[alpha-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide (65, SB 218795, hNK-3-CHO binding Ki = 13 nM) emerged as one of the most potent compounds of this novel class. Selectivity studies versus the other neurokinin receptors (hNK-2-CHO and hNK-1-CHO) revealed that 65 is about 90-fold selective for hNK-3 versus hNK-2 receptors (hNK-2-CHO binding Ki = 1221 nM) and over 7000-fold selective versus hNK-1 receptors (hNK-1-CHO binding Ki = > 100 microM). In vitro functional studies in rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscle preparation demonstrated that 65 is a competitive antagonist of the contractile response induced by the potent and selective NK-3 receptor agonist senktide with a Kb = 43 nM. Overall, the data indicate that 65 is a potent and selective hNK-3 receptor antagonist and a useful lead for further chemical optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Giardina
- Department of Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham S.p.A. Milano, Italy
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Polidori C, Panocka I, Ciccocioppo R, Broccardo M, Improta G, Regoli D, Massi M. Further evidence that the tachykinin PG-KII is a potent agonist at central NK-3, but not NK-1, receptors. Peptides 1997; 18:825-33. [PMID: 9285931 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of tachykinins (TKs) inhibits ethanol intake and angiotensin II-induced water intake; the effects are apparently mediated by NK-3 and NK-1 receptors, respectively. The present study evaluated the effect of the TK PG-KII, a novel kassinin-like peptide isolated from the skin of the Australian frog Pseudophryne güntheri, in these in vivo tests for central activity. PG-KII, given by i.c.v. injection, potently inhibited alcohol intake in genetically selected alcohol-preferring rats, being about 3 times more potent than the selective NK-3 receptor agonist NH2-SENK. The dose of 100 ng/rat, that markedly inhibited ethanol intake, did not inhibit food intake and prandial drinking in food deprived rats, providing evidence that the effect of PG-KII on ethanol intake is behaviorally selective. The effect on ethanol intake was inhibited by i.c.v. injection of the NK-3 receptor antagonist R820, but was not modified by the NK-1 receptor antagonist SR 140333. PG-KII inhibited drinking induced by angiotensin II only at doses of 300 or 1000 ng/rat, being about 5 times less potent than the selective NK-1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met(O2)11] substance P. These doses of PG-KII produced also marked increase in competing behaviors, such as grooming and locomotion. The dose of 1000 ng/rat evoked a general inhibition of the ingestive behavior, reducing also food intake. The i.c.v. injection of the NK-1 receptor antagonist SR 140,333 only slightly inhibited the effect of PG-KII on angiotensin II-induced drinking, while it markedly reduced that of [Sar9, Met(O2)11] substance P. These findings, in accordance with those of previous studies, indicate that PG-KII is endowed with marked activity at central NK-3 receptors, and low activity at NK-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Polidori
- Department of Pharmacological sciences and Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy.
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24
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Giardina GA, Sarau HM, Farina C, Medhurst AD, Grugni M, Foley JJ, Raveglia LF, Schmidt DB, Rigolio R, Vassallo M, Vecchietti V, Hay DW. 2-Phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxamides: a novel class of potent and selective non-peptide competitive antagonists for the human neurokinin-3 receptor. J Med Chem 1996; 39:2281-4. [PMID: 8691422 DOI: 10.1021/jm9602423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G A Giardina
- Department of Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham S.p.A., Milano, Italy
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25
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Piot O, Betschart J, Grall I, Ravard S, Garret C, Blanchard JC. Comparative behavioural profile of centrally administered tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists in the guinea-pig. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 116:2496-502. [PMID: 8581290 PMCID: PMC1909059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The NK1 tachykinin receptor agonists, septide, [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP and [Pro9]SP produced locomotor hyperactivity (10-20 min) when injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in the guinea-pig. The most potent in eliciting this hyperactivity was septide (from 0.63 to 5 micrograms), compared to [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP, which was active at 2.5 and 5 micrograms and [Pro9]SP which induced a non-significant increase even at 10 micrograms. 2. Wet-dog shakes were elicited by septide, [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP and [Pro9]SP injected by the i.c.v. route in the guinea-pig. [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP, active from 0.16 to 2.5 micrograms was more potent than septide (active at 1.25 micrograms) and [Pro9]SP (active at 0.63 micrograms) in eliciting such behaviour. To a lesser extent, grooming was also observed after injection of these agonists. 3. The NK2 tachykinin receptor agonist, [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]NKA(4-10), up to the dose of 10 micrograms i.c.v. had no effect in the guinea-pig. It neither modified locomotor activity nor induced a characteristic behavioural response. At higher doses (20 micrograms), some toxic effects were noted. 4. The NK3 tachykinin receptor agonist, senktide, contrasts with the NK1 receptor agonists in that it elicited only wet-dog shakes, at doses ranging from 0.32 to 1.25 micrograms. It neither modified locomotor activity (1 microgram) nor induced grooming (up to 5 micrograms) in the guinea-pig. 5. To our knowledge, these results are the first demonstration that the guinea-pig could be useful to differentiate tachykinin agonists on the basis of their behavioural profile, distinct from those obtained in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Piot
- Rhone-Poulene Rorer S.A., Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry sur Seine, France
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26
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Maeda N, Matsuoka N, Yamazaki M, Yamaguchi I. Involvement of raphe-hippocampal serotonergic and septo-hippocampal cholinergic mechanisms in the penile erection induced by FR121196, a putative cognitive enhancer. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 68:85-94. [PMID: 7494387 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.68.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
FR121196 (N-[4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl]-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide), a putative cognitive enhancer, induced penile erection in naive rats; the dose-response curve was bell-shaped with the maximum response obtained at the dose of 3.2 mg/kg. The response to FR121196 was abolished in rats treated with intra-raphe injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or systemic injections of p-chlorphenylalanine (150 mg/kg, i.p. for three consecutive days) as well as in rats with electrolytic medial-septum lesion or surgical fimbria-fornix lesion. In addition, the penile erection induced by FR121196 (3.2 mg/kg) was dose-dependently attenuated by pindolol (0.1-3.2 mg/kg), a serotonin (5-HT)1 antagonist with beta-antagonistic activity, but not by metoprolol, a selective beta=antagonist. The inhibitory activity was shared by ICS205-930, a 5-HT3 antagonist, but not by ketanserin, a 5-HT2 antagonist, or sulpiride, a dopamine D2 antagonist. Scopolamine (0.032-1 mg/kg), but not methyl-scopolamine (0.032-1 mg/kg), also attenuated the penile erection induced by FR121196. Neurochemical analysis revealed that intraperitoneal injection of FR121196 significantly elevated the levels of 5-HT and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the hippocampus and that raphe-lesion significantly reduced both 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels without affecting choline-acetyltransferase activity in all cortical and subcortical regions examined. It is thus postulated that FR121196 facilitates the raphe-hippocampal serotonergic pathway resulting in an activation of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway and finally induces the penile erectile response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Basic Research Group, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Ciccocioppo R, Panocka I, Pompei P, Polidori C, de Caro G, Massi M. Subcutaneous injections of the tachykinin senktide reduce alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats. Peptides 1995; 16:533-7. [PMID: 7544465 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)00219-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of SC injections of the selective NK3 tachykinin agonist, Suc-[Asp6,MePhe8]substance P(6-11), also referred to as senktide (SENK), on 8% alcohol intake in genetically selected alcohol-preferring rats. Animals were offered access to 8% ethanol for 2 h/day (between 1800 and 2000 h) and to tap water for 4 h/day (between 1800 and 2200 h); SENK was injected 10 min before access to fluids. The peptide significantly reduced alcohol intake at doses of 125 and 250 micrograms/kg, but not at 62.5 micrograms/kg. The reduction in alcohol intake was accompanied by a sharp increase in water intake, so that total fluid intake was never significantly modified. The same SC doses of SENK did not modify water intake in rats with access to water, as the only fluid, for 4 h/day. In food-deprived rats food intake was not altered by 125 micrograms/kg, whereas 250 micrograms/kg produced a reduction in food intake that was smaller in intensity and shorter lasting than the reduction in alcohol intake. The same doses of SENK did not modify 0.1% saccharin intake, nor did they elicit major competing behaviors. The results of the present study are in keeping with those obtained following central injection of NK3 agonists, and show that a behaviorally selective reduction of alcohol intake can be evoked also by peripheral administration of SENK.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ciccocioppo
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Italy
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Maeda N, Matsuoka N, Yamaguchi I. Possible involvement of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic and raphe-hippocampal serotonergic activations in the penile erection induced by fenfluramine in rats. Brain Res 1994; 652:181-9. [PMID: 7953728 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fenfluramine (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) induced penile erection in naive rats with a bell-shaped dose response curve. The response to fenfluramine (1 mg/kg) was antagonized by scopolamine (0.032-1 mg/kg) but not by methyl-scopolamine (0.032-1 mg/kg) pre-treatment. The septo-hippocampal cholinergic deafferentations by medial septum lesion or fimbria-fornix transection also attenuated the penile erection induced by fenfluramine, whereas dopaminergic blockade by sulpiride (3.2-100 mg/kg) had hardly any effect. Pindolol (0.1-3.2 mg/kg), a 5-HT1 antagonist, and ICS205-930, a 5-HT3 antagonist, but not ketanserin, a 5-HT2 antagonist, inhibited the penile erection induced by fenfluramine. Depletion of 5-HT not only by systemic injections of p-chlorophenylalanine (150 mg/kg i.p. at 72, 48 and 24 h before the test) but also by the injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), a serotonergic neurotoxin, into the median- and dorsal-raphe nuclei significantly attenuated the fenfluramine-induced penile erections. Neurochemical analyses revealed that the raphe-lesion significantly reduced the contents of serotonin (5-HT) and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) but not choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities in all the cortical and subcortical regions examined. The results suggest that fenfluramine facilitates the expression of penile erection in rats through an activation of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway as a consequence of excitation of the raphe-hippocampal serotonergic pathway in which 5-HT1 and/or 5-HT3 receptors appear to play a regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Basic Research Group, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Saruhashi Y, Young W, Hassan AZ, Park R. Excitatory and inhibitory effects of serotonin on spinal axons. Neuroscience 1994; 61:645-53. [PMID: 7969935 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of serotonin on compound action potentials in dorsal columns isolated from young (nine to 13 days old) rats. Conducting action potentials were activated by submaximal (50%) and supramaximal constant current electrical stimuli and recorded with glass micropipettes. At 10 microM and 100 microM concentrations, serotonin significantly increased mean action potential amplitudes by 9.6 +/- 6.5% (+/- S.D., P < 0.05) and 16.6 +/- 12.2% (+/- S.D., P < 0.005), respectively. Likewise, 10 microM and 100 microM of quipazine (a serotonin2A agonist) increased the amplitudes by 9.6 +/- 2.5% (+/- S.D., P < 0.0005) and 37.7 +/- 8.7% (+/- S.D., P < 0.0005), respectively. In contrast, 10 microM and 100 microM concentrations of 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin-hydrobromide (a serotonin 1A agonist) reduced axonal excitability by -9.4 +/- 5.5% (+/- S.D., P < 0.05) and -32.9 +/- 10.6% (+/- S.D., P < 0.0005), respectively. At 50 microM concentration, mianserin (a serotonin2A and serotonin2C antagonist) eliminated the excitatory effects of 100 microM quipazine dimaleate. The combination of 50 microM mianserin and 100 microM serotonin reduced action potential amplitudes by -5.6 +/- 4.9% (+/- S.D., P < 0.05). These results suggest that serotonin1A and serotonin2A receptor subtypes are present on spinal dorsal column axons. These two receptor subtypes have opposing effects on axonal excitability. The ratios and sensitivities of these two axonal receptor subtypes may modulate axonal excitability in rat dorsal column axons and have important implications for both development and injury of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saruhashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Medical Center, NY 10016
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Abstract
The effects of ageing on tachykinin-induced behaviours and tachykinin receptors were investigated in the rat. Infusion of the NK-3 tachykinin agonist senktide (0.25, 0.5 and 1 nmol) into the substantia nigra induced locomotion in young (4-6 months) animals but this response was attenuated in middle-aged (12 months) and old (27 months) animals. In contrast, senktide-induced wet dog shakes were not significantly affected by age. In the ventral tegmental area, senktide induced locomotion and wet dog shakes with bell-shaped dose-response curves which were unaffected by age. Senktide suppressed grooming but the effect reached significance in the older animals only. Quantitative receptor autoradiography revealed no effect of age on NK-1 tachykinin receptor density in the striatum while NK-3 receptor density declined in the ventrolateral striatum and to a nonsignificant degree in the substantia nigra but not in other striatal subregions or the ventral tegmental area. We conclude that ageing of the nervous system is not associated with widespread changes in tachykinin binding but differences in behavioural response to tachykinin agonists may reflect changes in other transmitter systems which respond to tachykinin input.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stoessl
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, University Hospital, London, Canada
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Bjorvatn B, Neckelmann D, Ursin R. The 5-HT1A antagonist (-)-alprenolol fails to modify sleep or zimeldine-induced sleep-waking effects in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992; 42:49-56. [PMID: 1388278 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(92)90445-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and waking in rats were studied for 8 h following administration of a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (zimeldine), a putative 5-HT1A antagonist (L(-)-alprenolol hydrogene tartrate monohydrate [(-)-alprenolol]) and a combination of (-)-alprenolol and zimeldine. Consistent with earlier findings, zimeldine gave a biphasic effect on sleep and waking. Waking was increased during the first 3 h, followed by a small decrease. Deep slow-wave sleep (SWS-2) showed the opposite trend. An initial decrease in SWS-2 was followed by an increase after around 3 h. Rapid eye movement sleep was markedly suppressed and latencies to sleep increased after zimeldine. (-)-Alprenolol had no effects on the different sleep and waking stages or latencies to sleep. The 5-HT1A antagonist also failed to modify the effects of zimeldine administration. The behavioral syndrome induced by a selective 5-HT1A agonist [8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT)] was clearly antagonized by administration of (-)-alprenolol, indicating that (-)-alprenolol was an efficient 5-HT1A blocker. The data indicate that the sleep-waking effects of zimeldine cannot easily be explained by stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bjorvatn
- Department of Physiology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Stoessl AJ, Szczutkowski E, Glenn B, Watson I. Behavioural effects of selective tachykinin agonists in midbrain dopamine regions. Brain Res 1991; 565:254-62. [PMID: 1668812 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91657-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of selective NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 tachykinin agonists in midbrain dopamine cell containing regions were investigated in the rat. The NK-3 agonist senktide induced locomotion, rearing and sniffing following infusion into the substantia nigra pars compacta, and to a lesser extent in the ventral tegmental area. These behavioural responses were not seen following infusion of the selective NK-1 agonist [Sar9,Met (O2)11]SP or the NK-2 agonist [N1e10]NKA4-10. In contrast, grooming was induced only by the NK-1 agonist administered into the substantia nigra. Yawning, chewing mouth movements and wet dog shakes were all seen following infusion of senktide into the ventral tegmental area. These findings suggest that (i) dopamine-mediated behavioural responses seen following tachykinin administration into the midbrain are dependent upon stimulation of NK-3 tachykinin receptors, (ii) tachykinin-induced grooming is mediated by stimulation of NK-1 receptors and (iii) some of the previously described 5-HT mediated behaviours seen following administration of NK-3 tachykinin agonists are probably generated by stimulation of 5-HT cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stoessl
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Stoessl AJ, Hill DR. Autoradiographic visualization of NK-3 tachykinin binding sites in the rat brain, utilizing [3H]senktide. Brain Res 1990; 534:1-7. [PMID: 1705846 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90105-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The autoradiographic distribution of the selective NK-3 tachykinin agonist [3H]senktide was investigated in rat brain. [3H]Senktide bound with high affinity (KD less than 2.5 nM) and high specificity (greater than 75%) to cerebral cortex and numerous subcortical sites, including the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, moderately dense binding was seen in the median but not the dorsal raphe nucleus, and this was disrupted by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)-induced destruction of 5-HT neurons. 5,7-DHT lesions did not affect the binding of [3H]senktide to forebrain regions, suggesting that 5-HT terminals are devoid of NK-3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stoessl
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex, U.K
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