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Bremshey S, Groß J, Renken K, Masseck OA. The role of serotonin in depression-A historical roundup and future directions. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38477031 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 280 million people, with probably much higher unrecorded cases. Depression is associated with symptoms such as anhedonia, feelings of hopelessness, sleep disturbances, and even suicidal thoughts. Tragically, more than 700 000 people commit suicide each year. Although depression has been studied for many decades, the exact mechanisms that lead to depression are still unknown, and available treatments only help a fraction of patients. In the late 1960s, the serotonin hypothesis was published, suggesting that serotonin is the key player in depressive disorders. However, this hypothesis is being increasingly doubted as there is evidence for the influence of other neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline, glutamate, and dopamine, as well as larger systemic causes such as altered activity in the limbic network or inflammatory processes. In this narrative review, we aim to contribute to the ongoing debate on the involvement of serotonin in depression. We will review the evolution of antidepressant treatments, systemic research on depression over the years, and future research applications that will help to bridge the gap between systemic research and neurotransmitter dynamics using biosensors. These new tools in combination with systemic applications, will in the future provide a deeper understanding of the serotonergic dynamics in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Bremshey
- Synthetic Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Neuropharmacology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juliana Groß
- Synthetic Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kim Renken
- Synthetic Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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2
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Lafta MS, Mwinyi J, Affatato O, Rukh G, Dang J, Andersson G, Schiöth HB. Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1340108. [PMID: 38449735 PMCID: PMC10915038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased knowledge about sex differences is important for development of individualized treatments against many diseases as well as understanding behavioral and pathological differences. This review summarizes sex chromosome effects on gene expression, epigenetics, and hormones in relation to the brain. We explore neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and brain pathology aiming to explain the current state of the art. While some domains exhibit strong differences, others reveal subtle differences whose overall significance warrants clarification. We hope that the current review increases awareness and serves as a basis for the planning of future studies that consider both sexes equally regarding similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz S. Lafta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Women’s Mental Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oreste Affatato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Women’s Mental Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Junhua Dang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Navarro D, Marín-Mayor M, Gasparyan A, García-Gutiérrez MS, Rubio G, Manzanares J. Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16726. [PMID: 38069051 PMCID: PMC10706600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a serious global public health problem, with a worrying recent increase in suicide rates in both adolescent and adult populations. However, it is essential to recognize that suicide is preventable. A myriad of factors contributes to an individual's vulnerability to suicide. These factors include various potential causes, from psychiatric disorders to genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes can induce dysfunctions in crucial systems such as the serotonergic, cannabinoid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. In addition, early life experiences of abuse can profoundly impact an individual's ability to cope with stress, ultimately leading to changes in the inflammatory system, which is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Thus, it is clear that suicidal behavior may result from a confluence of multiple factors. This review examines the primary risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, including psychiatric disorders, early life adversities, and epigenetic modifications. Our goal is to elucidate the molecular changes at the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular levels in the brains of individuals who have taken their own lives and in the plasma and peripheral mononuclear cells of suicide attempters and how these changes may serve as predisposing factors for suicidal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Marín-Mayor
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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4
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Bartlett EA, Zanderigo F, Stanley B, Choo TH, Galfalvy HC, Pantazatos SP, Sublette ME, Miller JM, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. In vivo serotonin transporter and 1A receptor binding potential and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of stress in major depression and suicidal behavior. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 70:1-13. [PMID: 36780841 PMCID: PMC10121874 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined relationships between the serotonin system and stress in major depression and suicidal behavior. Twenty-five medication-free depressed participants (13 suicide attempters) underwent same-day [11C]DASB and [11C]CUMI-101 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Binding potential (BPND) to the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor, respectively, was quantified using the NRU 5-HT atlas, reflecting distinct spatial distributions of multiple serotonin targets. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measured current stress over one week proximal to imaging. EMA stress did not differ between attempters and non-attempters. In all depressed participants, 5-HTT and 5-HT1A BPND were unrelated to EMA stress. There were region-specific effects of 5-HTT (p=0.002) and 5-HT1A BPND (p=0.03) in attempters vs. nonattempters. In attempters, region-specific associations between 5-HTT (p=0.03) and 5-HT1A (p=0.005) BPND and EMA stress emerged. While no post-hoc 5-HTT BPND correlations were significant, 5-HT1A BPND correlated positively with EMA stress in attempters in 9/10 regions (p-values<0.007), including the entire cortex except the largely occipital region 5. Brodmann-based regional analyses found diminished effects for 5-HTT and subcortically localized positive corrrelations between 5-HT1A and EMA stress, in attempters only. Given comparable depression severity and childhood and current stress between attempters and nonattempters, lower 5-HTT binding in attempters vs. nonattempters may suggest a biological risk marker. Localized lower 5-HTT and widespread higher 5-HT1A binding with stress among attempters specifically may suggest that a serotonergic phenotype might be a key determinant of risk or resiliency for suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bartlett
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Stanley
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Tse-Hwei Choo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Hanga C Galfalvy
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Spiro P Pantazatos
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
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5
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Balt E, Mérelle S, Robinson J, Popma A, Creemers D, van den Brand I, van Bergen D, Rasing S, Mulder W, Gilissen R. Social media use of adolescents who died by suicide: lessons from a psychological autopsy study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:48. [PMID: 37029395 PMCID: PMC10082488 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND while there are many benefits for young people to use social media, adverse effects such as cyberbullying, online challenges, social comparison and imitation may provoke and aggravate suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The influence of social media on mental health and suicidal thoughts and behaviours has been amply studied, but there is little empirical evidence for its potential role in adolescent suicides. The current study aimed to inform digital suicide prevention strategies by examining the meaning of social media in the lives of young suicide victims and elucidating the harmful and supportive effects of social media use on their wellbeing and distress. METHODS data were analyzed from a psychological autopsy study of 35 adolescents who died by suicide in the Netherlands (43% of all adolescents who died by suicide in that year). These were 18 girls and 17 boys. All were under the age of twenty years, with an average of seventeen years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was performed of 55 semi structured interviews with peers and parents of the decedents. RESULTS young people benefitted from peer support and recovery stories. However, various themes were discussed relating to the harmful effects of social media, including dependency, triggers and imitation, challenges, cybervictimization and psychological entrapment. The themes of dependency and triggers and imitation were more salient in young females. A group of girls cultivated an online identity around their suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Next-of-kin, particularly parents, faced various challenges to talk to the adolescents about social media use, including technological illiteracy, online anonymity, and the youths' closedness. CONCLUSIONS based on the findings, we recommend education to stimulate the digital literacy of parents, health workers and educators, supporting conscientious social media use in young people, and extending the prevention of cyberbullying. We encourage future research to examine how virtual social networks may sustain suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and to further investigate the effectiveness of digital interventions, like moderated peer support and the use of positive role models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Balt
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Saskia Mérelle
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arne Popma
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Creemers
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, the Netherlands
| | - Isa van den Brand
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Bergen
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Rasing
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, the Netherlands
| | - Wico Mulder
- Youth healthcare, Dutch Centre for Youth Health (NCJ), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Gilissen
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Pantazatos SP, Melhem NM, Brent DA, Zanderigo F, Bartlett EA, Lesanpezeshki M, Burke A, Miller JM, Mann JJ. Ventral prefrontal serotonin 1A receptor binding: a neural marker of vulnerability for mood disorder and suicidal behavior? Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4136-4143. [PMID: 35760877 PMCID: PMC9722608 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and suicidal behavior have moderate heritability and are associated with altered corticolimbic serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) brain binding. However, it is unclear whether this reflects genetic effects or epigenetic effects of childhood adversity, compensatory mechanisms, or illness stress-related changes. We sought to separate such effects on 5-HT1A binding by examining high familial risk individuals (HR) who have passed through the age of greatest risk for psychopathology onset with and without developing mood disorder or suicidal behavior. PET imaging quantified 5-HT1A binding potential BPND using [11C]CUMI-101 in healthy volunteers (HV, N = 23) and three groups with one or more relatives manifesting early-onset mood disorder and suicide attempt: 1. unaffected HR (N = 23); 2. HR with lifetime mood disorder and no suicide attempt (HR-MOOD, N = 26); and 3. HR-MOOD with previous suicide attempt (HR-MOOD + SA, N = 20). Findings were tested in an independent cohort not selected for family history (HV, MOOD, and MOOD + SA, total N = 185). We tested for regional BPND differences and whether brain-wide patterns distinguished between groups. Low ventral prefrontal 5-HT1A BPND was associated with lifetime mood disorder diagnosis and suicide attempt, but only in subjects with a family history of mood disorder and suicide attempt. Brain-wide 5-HT1A BPND patterns including low ventral prefrontal and mesiotemporal cortical binding distinguished HR-MOOD + SA from HV. A biological endophenotype associated with resilience was not observed. Low ventral prefrontal 5-HT1A BPND may reflect familial mood disorder and suicide-related pathology. Further studies are needed to determine if higher ventral prefrontal 5-HT1A BPND confers resilience, reducing risk of suicidal behavior in the context of familial risk, and thereby offer a potential prevention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro P Pantazatos
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nadine M Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bartlett
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Lesanpezeshki
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ainsley Burke
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Larsen NY, Vihrs N, Møller J, Sporring J, Tan X, Li X, Ji G, Rajkowska G, Sun F, Nyengaard JR. Layer III pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex reveal morphological changes in subjects with depression, schizophrenia, and suicide. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:363. [PMID: 36064829 PMCID: PMC9445178 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brodmann Area 46 (BA46) has long been regarded as a hotspot of disease pathology in individuals with schizophrenia (SCH) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pyramidal neurons in layer III of the Brodmann Area 46 (BA46) project to other cortical regions and play a fundamental role in corticocortical and thalamocortical circuits. The AutoCUTS-LM pipeline was used to study the 3-dimensional structural morphology and spatial organization of pyramidal cells. Using quantitative light microscopy, we used stereology to calculate the entire volume of layer III in BA46 and the total number and density of pyramidal cells. Volume tensors estimated by the planar rotator quantified the volume, shape, and nucleus displacement of pyramidal cells. All of these assessments were carried out in four groups of subjects: controls (C, n = 10), SCH (n = 10), MDD (n = 8), and suicide subjects with a history of depression (SU, n = 11). SCH subjects had a significantly lower somal volume, total number, and density of pyramidal neurons when compared to C and tended to show a volume reduction in layer III of BA46. When comparing MDD subjects with C, the measured parameters were inclined to follow SCH, although there was only a significant reduction in pyramidal total cell number. While no morphometric differences were observed between SU and MDD, SU had a significantly higher total number of pyramidal cells and nucleus displacement than SCH. Finally, no differences in the spatial organization of pyramidal cells were found among groups. These results suggest that despite significant morphological alterations in layer III of BA46, which may impair prefrontal connections in people with SCH and MDD, the spatial organization of pyramidal cells remains the same across the four groups and suggests no defects in neuronal migration. The increased understanding of pyramidal cell biology may provide the cellular basis for symptoms and neuroimaging observations in SCH and MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Y. Larsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ninna Vihrs
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Møller
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jon Sporring
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xueke Tan
- grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Li
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ji
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Johnston JN, Campbell D, Caruncho HJ, Henter ID, Ballard ED, Zarate CA. Suicide Biomarkers to Predict Risk, Classify Diagnostic Subtypes, and Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets: 5 Years of Promising Research. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:197-214. [PMID: 34865007 PMCID: PMC8929755 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a global health crisis. However, no objective biomarkers of suicide risk currently exist, and self-reported data can be unreliable, which limits prediction, diagnostic, and treatment efforts. Reliable biomarkers that can differentiate between diagnostic subgroups, predict worsening symptoms, or suggest novel therapeutic targets would be extremely valuable for patients, researchers, and clinicians. METHODS MEDLINE was searched for reports published between 2016 and 2021 using search terms (suicid*) AND (biomarker*) OR (indicat*). Reports that compared biomarkers between suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, death from suicide, or any suicide subgroup against other neuropsychiatric disorders were included. Studies exclusively comparing suicidal behavior or death from suicide with healthy controls were not included to ensure that biomarkers were specific to suicide and not other psychopathology. RESULTS This review summarizes the last 5 years of research into suicide-associated biomarkers and provides a comprehensive guide for promising and novel biomarkers that encompass varying presentations of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and death by suicide. The serotonergic system, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, lipids, and endocannabinoids emerged as the most promising diagnostic, predictive, and therapeutic indicators. CONCLUSIONS The utility of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers is evident, particularly for suicide prevention. While larger-scale studies and further in-depth research are required, the last 5 years of research has uncovered essential biomarkers that could ultimately improve predictive strategies, aid diagnostics, and help develop future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa N Johnston
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,USA
| | - Darcy Campbell
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,USA
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,USA
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,USA
| | - Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,USA
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9
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Ibrahim P, Almeida D, Nagy C, Turecki G. Molecular impacts of childhood abuse on the human brain. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100343. [PMID: 34141833 PMCID: PMC8187840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood abuse (CA) is a prevalent global health concern, increasing the risk of negative mental health outcomes later in life. In the literature, CA is commonly defined as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. Several mental disorders have been associated with CA, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder, along with an increased risk of suicide. It is thought that traumatic life events occurring during childhood and adolescence may have a significant impact on essential brain functions, which may persist throughout adulthood. The interaction between the brain and the external environment can be mediated by epigenetic alterations in gene expression, and there is a growing body of evidence to show that such changes occur as a function of CA. Disruptions in the HPA axis, myelination, plasticity, and signaling have been identified in individuals with a history of CA. Understanding the molecular impact of CA on the brain is essential for the development of treatment and prevention measures. In this review, we will summarize studies that highlight the molecular changes associated with CA in the human brain, along with supporting evidence from peripheral studies and animal models. We will also discuss some of the limitations surrounding the study of CA and propose extracellular vesicles as a promising future approach in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ibrahim
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Almeida
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Kim JS, Kim S, Lee HS, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Shim SH. Auditory evoked potentials and suicidal behaviors in patients with major depressive disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7255. [PMID: 33790320 PMCID: PMC8012352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been proposed as a biological marker of central serotonergic activity related to suicides. This study’s objective was to analyze the difference in LDAEP between depressed patients with suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI). It included 130 participants (45 depressed patients with SA, 49 depressed patients with SI, and 36 healthy controls) aged > 18 years who exhibited LDAEP during electroencephalography. Psychological characteristics and event-related potentials of the three groups were compared. There was no significant difference in LDAEP between major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with SA and SI (p = 0.59). MDD patients with SI, who attempted suicide had significantly lower LDAEP than healthy controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, the significance disappeared when psychological characteristics were controlled. Our results suggest that LDAEP might not be possible biomarkers for suicidal behaviors in patients with MDD. Further studies to assess the biological basis of suicide and identify the underlying dimensions that mediate the relationship between the biological basis and suicidal behaviors will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, 15588, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Steinbusch HWM, Dolatkhah MA, Hopkins DA. Anatomical and neurochemical organization of the serotonergic system in the mammalian brain and in particular the involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus in relation to neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:41-81. [PMID: 33785137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The brainstem is a neglected brain area in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and autonomic dysfunction. In Depression, several observations have been made in relation to changes in one particular the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (DRN) which also points toward as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. The DRN is further thought to be related to stress regulated processes and cognitive events. It is involved in neurodegeneration, e.g., amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and impaired synaptic transmission in Alzheimer's disease as shown in our autopsy findings. The DRN is a phylogenetically old brain area, with projections that reach out to a large number of regions and nuclei of the central nervous system, particularly in the forebrain. These ascending projections contain multiple neurotransmitters. One of the main reasons for the past and current interest in the DRN is its involvement in depression, and its main transmitter serotonin. The DRN also points toward the increased importance and focus of the brainstem as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. This review describes the morphology, ascending projections and the complex neurotransmitter nature of the DRN, stressing its role as a key research target into the neural bases of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology-DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
| | | | - David A Hopkins
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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12
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Petropoulou PI, Mosialou I, Shikhel S, Hao L, Panitsas K, Bisikirska B, Luo N, Bahna F, Kim J, Carberry P, Zanderigo F, Simpson N, Bakalian M, Kassir S, Shapiro L, Underwood MD, May CM, Soligapuram Sai KK, Jorgensen MJ, Confavreux CB, Shapses S, Laferrère B, Mintz A, Mann JJ, Rubin M, Kousteni S. Lipocalin-2 is an anorexigenic signal in primates. eLife 2020; 9:58949. [PMID: 33231171 PMCID: PMC7685704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse, the osteoblast-derived hormone Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) suppresses food intake and acts as a satiety signal. We show here that meal challenges increase serum LCN2 levels in persons with normal or overweight, but not in individuals with obesity. Postprandial LCN2 serum levels correlate inversely with hunger sensation in challenged subjects. We further show through brain PET scans of monkeys injected with radiolabeled recombinant human LCN2 (rh-LCN2) and autoradiography in baboon, macaque, and human brain sections, that LCN2 crosses the blood-brain barrier and localizes to the hypothalamus in primates. In addition, daily treatment of lean monkeys with rh-LCN2 decreases food intake by 21%, without overt side effects. These studies demonstrate the biology of LCN2 as a satiety factor and indicator and anorexigenic signal in primates. Failure to stimulate postprandial LCN2 in individuals with obesity may contribute to metabolic dysregulation, suggesting that LCN2 may be a novel target for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioanna Mosialou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Steven Shikhel
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Konstantinos Panitsas
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Brygida Bisikirska
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Jongho Kim
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Patrick Carberry
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Norman Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Mihran Bakalian
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Suham Kassir
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Mark D Underwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Christina M May
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | | | - Sue Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers - RWJ Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Mishaela Rubin
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
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13
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major mental illness associated with profound disability. Current treatments for schizophrenia (antipsychotics) all have a similar mechanism of action and are primarily dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) antagonists. Antipsychotics are not fully effective for the majority of schizophrenia patients, suggesting the need for alternative approaches. The primary focus of this review is to assess the evidence for the role of the serotonin type 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) in schizophrenia. Topics include an overview of 5-HT2AR physiology and pathophysiology in schizophrenia, 5-HT2AR interaction with other neurotransmitter systems, including the glutamatergic system, a review of the 5-HT2AR/d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) model of schizophrenia, a contrast of the 5-HT2AR and glutamatergic models of schizophrenia, and finally, a review of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and investigational 5-HT2AR-modulating compounds. Recent studies with lumeteperone, pimavanserin, and roluperidone are highlighted.
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14
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Underwood MD, Bakalian MJ, Johnson VL, Kassir SA, Ellis SP, Mann JJ, Arango V. Less NMDA Receptor Binding in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Associated With Reported Early-Life Adversity but Not Suicide. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:311-318. [PMID: 32060512 PMCID: PMC7251634 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter binding to 3 classes of receptors, including the N-methyl, D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. NMDA receptor binding is lower in major depression disorder and suicide. NMDA receptor blocking with ketamine can have antidepressant and anti-suicide effects. Early-life adversity (ELA) may cause glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and is more common with major depression disorder and in suicide decedents. We sought to determine whether NMDA-receptor binding is altered with suicide and ELA. METHODS A total 52 postmortem cases were organized as 13 quadruplets of suicide and non-suicide decedents matched for age, sex, and postmortem interval, with or without reported ELA (≤16 years). Tissue blocks containing dorsal prefrontal (BA8), dorsolateral prefrontal (BA9), or anterior cingulate (BA24) cortex were collected at autopsy. Psychiatrically healthy controls and suicide decedents underwent psychological autopsy to determine psychiatric diagnoses and details of childhood adversity. NMDA receptor binding was determined by quantitative autoradiography of [3H]MK-801 binding (displaced by unlabeled MK-801) in 20-µm-thick sections. RESULTS [3H]MK-801 binding was not associated with suicide in BA8, BA9, or BA24. However, [3H]MK-801 binding with ELA was less in BA8, BA9, and BA24 independent of suicide (P < .05). [3H]MK-801 binding was not associated with age or postmortem interval in any brain region or group. CONCLUSIONS Less NMDA receptor binding with ELA is consistent with the hypothesis that stress can cause excitotoxicity via excessive glutamate, causing either NMDA receptor downregulation or less receptor binding due to neuron loss consequent to the excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Underwood
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Correspondence: Mark D. Underwood, PhD, Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology/New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry/Columbia Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, Box 42, New York, NY 10032 ()
| | - Mihran J Bakalian
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Virginia L Johnson
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Suham A Kassir
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Steven P Ellis
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - J John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Victoria Arango
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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15
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Abstract
Nature vs nurture is, and has been, a never stopping debate since Lamarck and Darwin exposed their corresponding theories on evolution, and even before them, such discussion already existed. Is suicide a heritable conduct? Is it learnt? Maybe the answer is both and none, at the same time. From genetic twin studies to epigenetic and environmental influence on development, this chapter aims to take a look at different points of view and most relevant theories in one of the worlds leading causes of death, specially for young individuals. We explore different studies aiming to find biomarkers for suicide, as well as other traits frequently encountered in individuals who engage in suicidal behavior, such as impulsivity, aggressivity, and hopelessness. Finally, this chapter also looks at some of the most recent approaches in treatment and prevention of suicidal behavior, in order to highlight what they have in common and try to explain (at least partially) why they could be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel A Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Steinberg LJ, Underwood MD, Bakalian MJ, Kassir SA, Mann JJ, Arango V. 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT2A receptor and serotonin transporter binding in the human auditory cortex in depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:294-302. [PMID: 31120232 PMCID: PMC6710086 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonergic system abnormalities are implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including major depression. The temporal lobe receives a high density of serotonergic afferent projections, and responses in the primary auditory cortex to sound are modulated by serotonergic tone. However, the associations between changes in serotonergic tone, disease state and changes in auditory cortical function remain to be clarified. METHODS We quantified serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor binding, serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor binding, and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding in Brodmann areas (BA) 41/42, 22, 9 and 4 from postmortem brain sections of 40 psychiatrically healthy controls and 39 individuals who had a history of a major depressive episode (MDE). RESULTS There was 33% lower 5-HT2A receptor binding in BA 41/42 in individuals who had an MDE than in controls (p = 0.0069). Neither 5-HT1A nor SERT binding in BA 41/42 differed between individuals who had an MDE and controls. We also found 14% higher 5-HT1A receptor binding (p = 0.045) and 21% lower SERT binding in BA 9 of individuals who had an MDE (p = 0.045). LIMITATIONS The study was limited by the small number of postmortem brain samples including BA 41/42 available for binding assays and the large overlap between suicide and depression in the MDE sample. CONCLUSION Depression may be associated with altered serotonergic function in the auditory cortex involving the 5-HT2A receptor and is part of a wider view of the pathophysiology of mood disorders extending beyond psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa J. Steinberg
- From the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Bakalian, Kassir, Mann, Arango); the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Mann, Arango); and the Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (Mann)
| | - Mark D. Underwood
- From the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Bakalian, Kassir, Mann, Arango); the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Mann, Arango); and the Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (Mann)
| | - Mihran J. Bakalian
- From the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Bakalian, Kassir, Mann, Arango); the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Mann, Arango); and the Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (Mann)
| | - Suham A. Kassir
- From the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Bakalian, Kassir, Mann, Arango); the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Mann, Arango); and the Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (Mann)
| | - J. John Mann
- From the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Bakalian, Kassir, Mann, Arango); the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Mann, Arango); and the Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (Mann)
| | - Victoria Arango
- From the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Bakalian, Kassir, Mann, Arango); the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA (Steinberg, Underwood, Mann, Arango); and the Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (Mann)
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17
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Wadhawan A, Stiller JW, Potocki E, Okusaga O, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Benros ME, Postolache TT. Traumatic Brain Injury and Suicidal Behavior: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:1339-1370. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John W. Stiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Neurology Consultation Service, Washington, DC, USA
- Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olaoluwa Okusaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael E. Benros
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teodor T. Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Saylor RA, Hersey M, West A, Buchanan AM, Berger SN, Nijhout HF, Reed MC, Best J, Hashemi P. In vivo Hippocampal Serotonin Dynamics in Male and Female Mice: Determining Effects of Acute Escitalopram Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:362. [PMID: 31110471 PMCID: PMC6499219 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, impacting females at a rate roughly twice that of males. This disparity has become the focus of many studies which are working to determine if there are environmental or biological underpinnings to depression pathology. The biology of depression is not well understood, but experts agree that a key neurotransmitter of interest is serotonin. Most research on basic serotonin neurochemistry, by us and others, has predominantly focused on male models. Thus, it is now critical to include female models to decipher possible fundamental differences between the sexes that may underlie this disorder. In this paper, we seek to determine any such differences using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and fast-scan controlled adsorption voltammetry. These techniques allow us to probe the serotonergic system via measurement of evoked and ambient serotonin at carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs). Our data reveal no statistical differences, in the hippocampus, in female serotonin chemistry during the different stages of the estrous cycle compared to the mean female response. Furthermore, no difference was observed in evoked serotonin release and reuptake, nor ambient extracellular serotonin levels between male and female mice. We applied a previously developed mathematical model that fits our serotonin signals as a function of several synaptic processes that control the extracellular levels of this transmitter. We used the model to study potential system differences between males and females. One hypothesis brought fourth, that female mice exhibit tighter autoreceptor control of serotonin, is validated via literature and methiothepin challenge. We postulate that this tight regulation may act as a control mechanism against changes in the serotonin signal mediated by estrogen spikes. Importantly, this safety mechanism has no consequence for acutely administered escitalopram’s (ESCIT’s) ability to increase extracellular serotonin between the sexes. This work demonstrates little fundamental differences in in vivo hippocampal serotonin between the sexes, bar control mechanisms in female mice that can be observed under extraneous circumstances. We thus highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological factor in determining pharmacodynamics for personalized medical treatments that involve targeting serotonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Saylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Melinda Hersey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Alyssa West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Anna Marie Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shane N Berger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Michael C Reed
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet Best
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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19
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Ojagbemi A, Bello T, Elugbadebo F. Suicidal Thoughts and Contexts in Black African Stroke Survivors. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:74-80. [PMID: 30630386 DOI: 10.1177/0891988718824035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poststroke suicide has not been studied in Black Africans. We assessed the characteristics and contexts of serious suicidal thoughts after first-ever stroke in Nigerians. METHODS Using a comparative cross-sectional design, we consecutively recruited 130 stroke survivors attending rehabilitation in a large university hospital. Also included were 130 age-, sex-, and education-matched caregivers who were unrelated to stroke survivors. Along with clinical and historical details, cognitive functions, experience of serious suicidal thoughts, and major depressive disorder (MDD) were independently assessed using validated semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Serious suicidal thoughts were present in 20 (15.4%) stroke survivors and 19 (14.6%) controls. Poststroke suicidal thoughts occurred in the contexts of MDD ( P < .001), marital separation ( P = .019), and cognitive dysfunction ( P = .037). In a multivariate logistic regression model including age, gender, MDD, marital separation, and cognitive dysfunction as covariates, poststroke MDD and marital separation led to 5.6-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5-21.0) and 4-fold (95% CI: 1.2-14.0) increases, respectively, in the odds of serious suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Serious suicidal thoughts after stroke in this African sample were more common than the reported average prevalence in the global literature. Poststroke major depression was the key reversible risk factor for suicidal thoughts. Depression is treatable and prompt treatment may prevent suicidal deaths and reduce the burden of stroke in black Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Ojagbemi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Substance Abuse, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toyin Bello
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Substance Abuse, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fisayo Elugbadebo
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Fan S, Lippard ET, Sankar A, Wallace A, Johnston JA, Wang F, Pittman B, Spencer L, Oquendo MA, Blumberg HP. Gray and white matter differences in adolescents and young adults with prior suicide attempts across bipolar and major depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:1089-1097. [PMID: 30699851 PMCID: PMC6903411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings regarding brain circuitry abnormalities in suicide attempters (SAs) converge across bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), the most common disorders observed in suicides. These abnormalities appear to be present during adolescence/young adulthood when suicide rates increase steeply, and suicide is a leading cause of death in this age group. Identification of brain circuitry common to adolescent/young adult SAs with BD and MDD is important for generating widely effective early prevention strategies. We examined brain circuitry in SAs in adolescents/young adults across these two disorders. METHODS Eighty-three participants (ages 14-25 years), 46 with BD (21 SAs) and 37 with MDD (19 SAs), underwent structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance scanning. Whole-brain analyses compared gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA) between SAs and non-suicide attempters (NSAs) across and within BD and MDD (p < 0.005). RESULTS Across and within BD and MDD, SAs showed differences compared to NSAs in ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) GM volume and fronto-limbic (including uncinate fasciculus (UF)) WM FA. Exploratory analyses showed additional within-disorder differences for BD SAs in dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and hippocampus GM volume and UF FA, and for MDD SAs dorsomedial and dlPFC GM and dorsal frontal WM. However, there was no significant interaction between suicide attempt status and diagnosis. LIMITATIONS Modest sample size. CONCLUSIONS Common fronto-limbic gray and white matter alterations in adolescent/young adult SAs are potential targets for suicide prevention strategies across mood disorders. Preliminary findings of disorder-specific regional findings could suggest diagnostic-specific optimal targets may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Fan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T.C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Sankar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA; USA
| | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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21
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Chimienti F, Cavarec L, Vincent L, Salvetat N, Arango V, Underwood MD, Mann JJ, Pujol JF, Weissmann D. Brain region-specific alterations of RNA editing in PDE8A mRNA in suicide decedents. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 30770787 PMCID: PMC6377659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are key modulators of signal transduction and are involved in inflammatory cell activation, memory and cognition. There is a two-fold decrease in the expression of phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) in the temporal cortex of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Here, we studied PDE8A mRNA-editing profile in two architectonically distinct neocortical regions in a clinically well-characterized cohort of age- and sex-matched non-psychiatric drug-free controls and depressed suicide decedents. By using capillary electrophoresis single-stranded conformational polymorphism (CE-SSCP), a previously validated technique to identify A-to-I RNA modifications, we report the full editing profile of PDE8A in the brain, including identification of two novel editing sites. Editing of PDE8A mRNA displayed clear regional difference when comparing dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9) and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24). Furthermore, we report significant intra-regional differences between non-psychiatric control individuals and depressed suicide decedents, which could discriminate the two populations. Taken together, our results (i) highlight the importance of immune/inflammatory markers in major depressive disorder and suicide and (ii) establish a direct relationship between A-to-I RNA modifications of peripheral markers and A-to-I RNA editing-related modifications in brain. This work provides the first immune response-related brain marker for suicide and could pave the way for the identification of a blood-based biomarker that predicts suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Chimienti
- ALCEDIAG/ Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laurent Cavarec
- grid.465535.4Genomic Vision, Green Square, 80-84 rue des Meuniers, 92220 Bagneux, France
| | - Laurent Vincent
- grid.457349.8Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Salvetat
- ALCEDIAG/ Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Victoria Arango
- 0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
| | - Mark D. Underwood
- 0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
| | - J. John Mann
- 0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Dinah Weissmann
- ALCEDIAG/ Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
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BDNF mediates the protective effects of scopolamine in reserpine-induced depression-like behaviors via up-regulation of 5-HTT and TPH1. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:328-334. [PMID: 30529315 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Reserpine treatment in rodents has been shown to induce depression-like behaviors that mimic monoamine dysfunction implicated in the development of depression. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the antidepressant-like activities of scopolamine, the muscarinic receptor antagonist, in a reserpine-induced mouse model. Mice were injected with 1.5 mg/kg (i.p.) of reserpine for 10 days, and the depression-like state was confirmed via the open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST). Then, the mice were treated with scopolamine (25 µg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 3 days. Ten days of reserpine treatment resulted in a significant decrease in locomotor activity and an increase in immobility time in the OFT and FST, respectively, indicating that ten days of reserpine administration significantly induced depression-like behaviors in mice. However, scopolamine rapidly ameliorated the increase in immobility time in the FST and had no effect on locomotor activity in the OFT. In addition, the reserpine-induced decreases in serotonin transporter (5-HTT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were significantly reversed by scopolamine. Our study provides evidence that scopolamine rapidly attenuates reserpine-induced depression in mice partially by regulating 5-HTT, BDNF and TPH1 in the hippocampus and PFC of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangha Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Underwood MD, Kassir SA, Bakalian MJ, Galfalvy H, Dwork AJ, Mann JJ, Arango V. Serotonin receptors and suicide, major depression, alcohol use disorder and reported early life adversity. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:279. [PMID: 30552318 PMCID: PMC6294796 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin neurotransmitter deficits are reported in suicide, major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). To compare pathophysiology in these disorders, we mapped brain serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptor binding throughout prefrontal cortex and in anterior cingulate cortex postmortem. Cases and controls died suddenly minimizing agonal effects and had a postmortem interval ≤24 h to avoid compromised brain integrity. Neuropathology and toxicology confirmed absence of neuropathology and psychotropic medications. For most subjects (167 of 232), a DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis was made by psychological autopsy. Autoradiography was performed in right hemisphere coronal sections at a pre-genual level. Linear model analyses included sex and age with group and Brodmann area as interaction terms. SERT binding was lower in suicides (p = 0.004) independent of sex (females < males, p < 0.0001), however, the lower SERT binding was dependent on MDD diagnosis (p = 0.014). Higher SERT binding was associated with diagnosis of alcoholism (p = 0.012). 5-HT1A binding was greater in suicides (p < 0.001), independent of MDD (p = 0.168). Alcoholism was associated with higher 5-HT1A binding (p < 0.001) but only in suicides (p < 0.001). 5-HT2A binding was greater in suicides (p < 0.001) only when including MDD (p = 0.117) and alcoholism (p = 0.148) in the model. Reported childhood adversity was associated with higher SERT and 5-HT1A binding (p = 0.004) in nonsuicides and higher 5-HT2A binding (p < 0.001). Low SERT and more 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A binding in the neocortex in depressed suicides is dependent on Axis I diagnosis and reported childhood adversity. Findings in alcoholism differed from those in depression and suicide indicating a distinct serotonin system pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Underwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Suham A Kassir
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mihran J Bakalian
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Mato S, Pilar-Cuéllar F, Valdizán EM, González-Maeso J, Rodríguez-Puertas R, Meana J, Sallés J, Crespo-Facorro B, Pazos Á. Selective up-regulation of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor coupling to Go-proteins in suicide victims with mood disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:258-265. [PMID: 30099006 PMCID: PMC6263149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain endocannabinoid system is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of affective disorders. In the present study, we analyzed the functionality of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) at different transduction levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of depressed suicide victims. We examined stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding, activation of Gα protein subunits and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2, as well as [3H]CP55,940 binding, in PFC homogenates from suicide victims with major depression (MD) and matched control subjects. CB1 receptor-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was significantly greater in the PFC of MD compared with matched controls (23%, p < 0.05). This increase was most evident in the PFC from MD subgroup with negative blood test for antidepressants (AD) at the time of death (AD-free) (38%, p < 0.05), being absent when comparing the AD-treated MD cases with their controls. The density of CB1 receptors and their coupling to adenylyl cyclase were similar between MD and control cases, regardless of the existence of AD intake. Analysis of [35S]GTPγS-labelled Gα subunits allowed for the detection of upregulated CB1 receptor coupling to Gαo, but not to Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, Gαz subunits, in the PFC from AD-free MD suicides. These results suggest that increased CB1 receptor functionality at the Gαi/o protein level in the PFC of MD subjects is due to enhanced coupling to Gαo proteins and might be modulated by AD intake. These data provide new insights into the role of endocannabinoid neurotransmission in the pathobiology of MD and suggest its regulation by ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, E-39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, E-39011 Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), E-39011 Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa M Valdizán
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, E-39011 Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), E-39011 Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Javier Meana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Joan Sallés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Santander, Spain
| | - Ángel Pazos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, E-39011 Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), E-39011 Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Rajkumar R, Dawe GS. OBscure but not OBsolete: Perturbations of the frontal cortex in common between rodent olfactory bulbectomy model and major depression. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 91:63-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Differences in SNP genotype distributions between complex and simple suicides. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1595-1601. [PMID: 29557505 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang Q, Roy B, Turecki G, Shelton RC, Dwivedi Y. Role of Complex Epigenetic Switching in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Upregulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Subjects. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:262-274. [PMID: 29361849 PMCID: PMC5832541 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16070759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proinflammatory cytokines have recently received considerable attention for their role in suicidal behavior; however, how the expression of cytokine genes is regulated is not clearly known. The authors examined underlying mechanisms of critical cytokine gene tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dysregulation in the brains of individuals who died by suicide. METHOD TNF-α expression was examined in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the postmortem brains of persons with and without major depressive disorder who died by suicide and of persons with major depressive disorder who died of causes other than suicide. The role of putative microRNAs targeting TNF-α and RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) was tested with in vitro and in vivo approaches and by examining expression of transactivation response RNA binding protein (TRBP). Genetic influence on TNF-α expression was determined by expression quantitative trait loci analysis and by genotyping three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene. Promoter methylation of TNF-α was determined by using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation assay. Expression of miR-19a-3p and TNF-α was also determined in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 12 healthy control subjects and 12 currently depressed patients with severe suicidal ideation. RESULTS TNF-α expression was significantly higher in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals who died by suicide, regardless of psychiatric diagnosis. Its expression level was also increased in individuals with major depressive disorder who died by causes other than suicide. On the other hand, expression of miR-19a-3p was upregulated specifically in individuals who died by suicide. In a preliminary observation, similar upregulation of TNF-α and miR-19a-3p was observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of depressed patients with suicidal ideation. Despite its ability to directly target TNF-α in vitro, miR-19a-3p showed no interaction with TNF-α in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. HuR potentially stabilized TNF-α transcript, presumably by sequestering its 3' untranslated region from miR-19a-3p-mediated inhibition. Furthermore, decreased TRBP expression supported abnormality in the interaction between miR-19a-3p and TNF-α. Additionally, TNF-α transcriptional upregulation was associated with promoter hypomethylation, whereas no genetic influence on altered TNF-α or miR-19a-3p expression was observed in individuals who died by suicide. CONCLUSIONS The data in this study provide mechanistic insights into the dysregulation of the TNF-α gene in the brains of individuals who died by suicide, which could potentially be involved in suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, H4H 1R3 Canada
| | - Richard C. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA,Corresponding Author: Yogesh Dwivedi, Ph.D., Elesabeth Ridgely Shook Professor, Director of Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Phone: 01-205-975-8459, Fax: 01-205-975-8463,
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Balcioglu YH, Kose S. Neural substrates of suicide and suicidal behaviour: from a neuroimaging perspective. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1420378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Bakirkoy Prof. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samet Kose
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical School of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- eCenter for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, Houston, TX, USA
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Vai B, Riberto M, Ghiglino D, Poletti S, Bollettini I, Lorenzi C, Colombo C, Benedetti F. A 5-HT 1Areceptor promoter polymorphism influences fronto-limbic functional connectivity and depression severity in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:1-7. [PMID: 28985530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Vai
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Martina Riberto
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Ghiglino
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bollettini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Suicide is a world health priority. Studies over the last few decades have revealed the complexity underlying the neurobiological mechanisms of suicide. Researchers have found dysregulations in the serotonergic system, the stress system, neural plasticity, lipid metabolism, and cell signaling pathways in relation to suicidal behaviors. These findings have provided more insight into the final path leading to suicide, at which medical intervention should be applied to prevent the action. However, because these molecular mechanisms have been implicated in both depression and suicide, the specificity of the mechanisms has been obscured. In this review, we summarize the main findings of studies on molecular mechanisms of suicidal behavior from the last 2 decades, with particular emphasis on the potential, independent role of each mechanism that is not contingent upon an underlying psychopathology, such as depression. The act of suicide is multifactorial; no single molecular mechanism is sufficient to fully account for the act. Knowledge of the reciprocal interactions among these molecular mechanisms and studying them in the context of brain circuitry by using neuroimaging techniques will provide a better understanding of the neurobiology of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangha Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Ananth MR, DeLorenzo C, Yang J, Mann JJ, Parsey RV. Decreased Pretreatment Amygdalae Serotonin Transporter Binding in Unipolar Depression Remitters: A Prospective PET Study. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:665-670. [PMID: 28935838 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.189654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating condition that affects over 14 million Americans. Remission occurs only in a minority of individuals after first-line antidepressant treatment (∼35%); predictors of treatment outcome are therefore needed. Using PET imaging with a radiotracer specific for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), 11C-McN5652, we found that patients with MDD who did not achieve remission after 12 mo of naturalistic treatment had lower pretreatment midbrain and amygdala binding than healthy volunteers. Here, using a superior 5-HTT tracer, 11C-DASB, we repeated this study with a prospective design with 8 wk of standardized treatment with escitalopram. As this same cohort also underwent 11C-WAY100635 scans (serotonin-1A receptor [5-HT1A]), we examined whether using both pretreatment 5-HTT and 5-HT1A binding could improve prediction of posttreatment remission status. Methods: Thirty-one healthy controls (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 item [HDRS-24] = 1.7) and 26 medication-free patients with MDD (HDRS-24 = 24.8) underwent PET scanning using 11C-DASB. MDD subjects then received 8 wk of standardized pharmacotherapy with escitalopram. The relationship between pretreatment binding and posttreatment clinical status was examined. Arterial blood samples were collected to calculate the metabolite-corrected arterial input function. The outcome measure was VT/fP (VT is volume of distribution in region of interest, fP is free fraction in plasma). Remission was defined as a posttreatment depression score of less than 10 as well as 50% or more reduction in the score from baseline, resulting in 14 nonremitters (HDRS-24 = 17.6) and 12 remitters (HDRS-24 = 5.3). Results: A linear mixed-effects model comparing group differences in the a priori regions of interest (amygdala and midbrain) revealed a significant difference in amygdala binding between controls and remitters (P = 0.03, unadjusted), where remitters had an 11% lower amygdala binding than controls. Differences in amygdala binding between remitters and nonremitters approached significance (P = 0.06). No additional differences were found between any groups (all P > 0.05). Additionally, we found no relationship between pretreatment amygdala binding and posttreatment depression score, and were unable to predict posttreatment depression severity using both pretreatment 5-HTT (in the amygdala) and 5-HT1A binding (in the raphe). Conclusion: These results suggest 5-HTT amygdala binding should be examined further, in conjunction with other measures, as a potential biomarker for remission after standardized escitalopram treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala R Ananth
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and
| | - Jie Yang
- Family, Population and Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - J John Mann
- Family, Population and Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Rajkowska G, Mahajan G, Legutko B, Challagundla L, Griswold M, Albert PR, Daigle M, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Austin MC, Blakely RD, Steffens DC, Stockmeier CA. Length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter in orbitofrontal cortex is lower with age in depression. Neuroscience 2017; 359:30-39. [PMID: 28711621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postmortem brain tissue report enhanced binding to inhibitory serotonin-1A autoreceptors in midbrain dorsal raphe and reductions in length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter (SERT) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The length density of axons expressing SERT in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was determined in 18 subjects with MDD and 17 age-matched control subjects. A monoclonal antibody was used to immunohistochemically label the SERT in fixed sections of OFC. The 3-dimensional length density of SERT-immunoreactive (ir) axons in layer VI of OFC was estimated. The age of subjects with MDD was negatively correlated with SERT axon length (r=-0.77, p<0.0005). The significant effect of age persisted when removing four depressed subjects with an antidepressant medication present at the time of death, or when removing nine depressed subjects that had a recent prescription for an antidepressant medication. Neither gender, tissue pH, postmortem interval, 5-HTTLPR genotype, time in fixative, nor death by suicide had a significant effect on axon length. The age-related decrease in SERT-ir axon length in MDD may reflect pathology of ascending axons passing through deep white matter hyperintensities. Greater length of axons expressing SERT in younger subjects with MDD may result in a significant deficit in serotonin availability in OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Gouri Mahajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Beata Legutko
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Lavanya Challagundla
- Department of Data Science, JD Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Michael Griswold
- Department of Data Science, JD Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience) and UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Mireille Daigle
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience) and UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jose J Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Mark C Austin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Riad M, Kobert A, Descarries L, Boye S, Rompré PP, Lacaille JC. Chronic fluoxetine rescues changes in plasma membrane density of 5-HT1A autoreceptors and serotonin transporters in the olfactory bulbectomy rodent model of depression. Neuroscience 2017; 356:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Johnston JAY, Wang F, Liu J, Blond BN, Wallace A, Liu J, Spencer L, Cox Lippard ET, Purves KL, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Hermes E, Pittman B, Zhang S, King R, Martin A, Oquendo MA, Blumberg HP. Multimodal Neuroimaging of Frontolimbic Structure and Function Associated With Suicide Attempts in Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:667-675. [PMID: 28135845 PMCID: PMC5939580 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder is associated with high risk for suicidal behavior that often develops in adolescence and young adulthood. Elucidation of involved neural systems is critical for prevention. This study of adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder with and without a history of suicide attempts combines structural, diffusion tensor, and functional MR imaging methods to investigate implicated abnormalities in the morphology and structural and functional connectivity within frontolimbic systems. METHOD The study had 26 participants with bipolar disorder who had a prior suicide attempt (the attempter group) and 42 participants with bipolar disorder without a suicide attempt (the nonattempter group). Regional gray matter volume, white matter integrity, and functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli were compared between groups, and differences were explored for relationships between imaging modalities and associations with suicide-related symptoms and behaviors. RESULTS Compared with the nonattempter group, the attempter group showed significant reductions in gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum; white matter integrity in the uncinate fasciculus, ventral frontal, and right cerebellum regions; and amygdala functional connectivity to the left ventral and right rostral prefrontal cortex. In exploratory analyses, among attempters, there was a significant negative correlation between right rostral prefrontal connectivity and suicidal ideation and between left ventral prefrontal connectivity and attempt lethality. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent and young adult suicide attempters with bipolar disorder demonstrate less gray matter volume and decreased structural and functional connectivity in a ventral frontolimbic neural system subserving emotion regulation. Among attempters, reductions in amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity may be associated with severity of suicidal ideation and attempt lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Benjamin N. Blond
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Amanda Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | | | - Kirstin L. Purves
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US,Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Angeli Landeros-Weisenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Hermes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Robert King
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrés Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Makris GD, Reutfors J, Andersen M, White RA, Ekselius L, Papadopoulos FC. Season of treatment initiation with antidepressants and suicidal behavior: A population-based cohort study in Sweden. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:245-255. [PMID: 28343052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased binding capacity of SERT in the prefrontal cortex has been observed in both suicide victims and suicide attempters. Moreover, some studies have shown that SERT has a seasonal variation with lower binding capacity in the spring and summer, which coincides with a seasonal peak of suicides. Our aim was to explore whether the season of treatment initiation with antidepressants is associated with suicide or suicide attempt and compare it with the underlying suicide seasonality in the general population. METHODS Using Swedish registers, patients who initiated treatment with an antidepressant were followed up to three months for suicidal behavior. Cox regression analyses were used. Results were compared with the underlying seasonal pattern by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for suicides and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for suicide attempts. RESULTS Patients aged ≥65 years had higher risk for suicide when initiating antidepressant treatment in the summer, and also a higher risk for suicide attempt when initiating treatment in the spring and summer. Young patients (0-24 years) presented a higher risk for suicide attempt when initiating treatment in the autumn. Patients with previous suicide attempt had a seasonal pattern, with a higher risk to carry out a suicide attempt in the summer and autumn. Results from the SMR and SIR calculations numerically support these findings. LIMITATIONS We used information of filling an antidepressant prescription as a proxy of actual antidepressant treatment. Patients with combination, augmentation therapy or those switching antidepressant during follow-up were excluded. Thus, our results refer to less complicated psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an interaction between biological and health care-related factors for the observed seasonal pattern of suicidal behavior in the elderly, whereas psychological and societal factors may be more important for the seasonality observed in the younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Makris
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johan Reutfors
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morten Andersen
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fotios C Papadopoulos
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Introduction The influence of personality traits on suicidal behaviour risk has been well documented. Personality traits and suicidal behaviour are partially genetically determined and personality has been described as an endophenotype of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between personality traits with suicidal behaviour and selected serotonergic gene polymorphisms. METHODS In the study we included 156 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BP) and 93 healthy controls. The personality dimensions were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We genotyped two selected polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene (rs1800532 218A>C and rs1799913 779A>C) and polymorphism in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) related to serotoninergic neurotransmission. Multiple poisson regression, logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. RESULTS We found numerous differences between the BP patients and the control group in terms of their TCI dimensions/subdimensions. Significant differences were found between patients with, and without, suicidal attempts in fatigability and asthenia (Ha4), as well as in harm avoidance (Ha). We also found that the interactions between TCI subdimensions (the interaction of disordiness (Ns4) and spiritual acceptance (St3), disordiness (Ns4) and integrated conscience (C5), extravagance (Ns3) and resourcefulness (Sd3)) were significantly contributing for suicidal behaviour risk. We found association between all studied genetic polymorphisms and several TCI dimensions and subdimensions. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that personality traits are partially determined by genes. Both personality traits and the interactions between temperament and character traits, may be helpful in predicting suicidal behaviour.
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Peri-adolescent asthma symptoms cause adult anxiety-related behavior and neurobiological processes in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:244-255. [PMID: 28284954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that physical challenges and stressors during adolescence can have significant influences on behavioral and neurobiological development associated with internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression. Given the prevalence of asthma during adolescence and increased rates of internalizing disorders in humans with asthma, we used a mouse model to test if and which symptoms of adolescent allergic asthma (airway inflammation or labored breathing) cause adult anxiety- and depression-related behavior and brain function. To mimic symptoms of allergic asthma in young BALB/cJ mice (postnatal days [P] 7-57; N=98), we induced lung inflammation with repeated intranasal administration of house dust mite extract (most common aeroallergen for humans) and bronchoconstriction with aerosolized methacholine (non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist). Three experimental groups, in addition to a control group, included: (1) "Airway inflammation only", allergen exposure 3 times/week, (2) "Labored breathing only", methacholine exposure once/week, and (3) "Airway inflammation+Labored breathing", allergen and methacholine exposure. Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ∼20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ∼30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ∼50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75). This is the first evidence that experimentally-induced clinical symptoms of adolescent asthma alter adult anxiety-related behavior and brain function several weeks after completion of asthma manipulations.
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Pawlak J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Wilkosc M, Szczepankiewicz A, Leszczynska-Rodziewicz A, Zaremba D, Kapelski P, Rajewska-Rager A, Hauser J. Suicide behavior as a quantitative trait and its genetic background. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:241-250. [PMID: 27479537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have not given yet a clear answer what is the genetic background of suicidal predisposition. The associations between polymorphisms of the TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR genes and violent suicidal behavior was revealed with the least inconsistencies. METHOD We selected 10 "strong candidate genes" and 35 SNPs, SLC6A4 and ACP1 for replication study. We searched associations between precisely described suicidal phenotype in 825 affective patients and polymorphisms of selected neurobiological pathways genes as well as their interactions that constitute suicidal risk. RESULTS The results confirm the role of TPH1, TPH2, 5HT2A, CRHR1 and ACP1 variants in the risk of suicidal behavior. LIMITATIONS In our study we analyzed limited number of candidate genes and only one of them is linked to lithium mechanism of action. We had no data on pharmacological treatment of investigated patients and its relation to the time of suicide attempt. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that polymorphisms of various signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior. Non-genetic factors are also involved in the risk of suicidal attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pawlak
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Monika Wilkosc
- Department of Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology, University of Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Zaremba
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Hauser
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9A modulates anxiety-like behavior in female mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37568. [PMID: 27869229 PMCID: PMC5116628 DOI: 10.1038/srep37568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9A (TTC9A) expression is abundantly expressed in the brain. Previous studies in TTC9A knockout (TTC9A-/-) mice have indicated that TTC9A negatively regulates the action of estrogen. In this study we investigated the role of TTC9A on anxiety-like behavior through its functional interaction with estrogen using the TTC9A-/- mice model. A battery of tests on anxiety-related behaviors was conducted. Our results demonstrated that TTC9A-/- mice exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behaviors compared to the wild type TTC9A+/+ mice. This difference was abolished after ovariectomy, and administration of 17-β-estradiol benzoate (EB) restored this escalated anxiety-like behavior in TTC9A-/- mice. Since serotonin is well-known to be the key neuromodulator involved in anxiety behaviors, the mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) 1, TPH2 (both are involved in serotonin synthesis), and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) were measured in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Interestingly, the heightened anxiety in TTC9A-/- mice under EB influence is consistent with a greater induction of TPH 2, and 5-HTT by EB in DRN that play key roles in emotion regulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that TTC9A modulates the anxiety-related behaviors through modulation of estrogen action on the serotonergic system in the DRN.
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Lee JD, Cho MJ, Sohn JH, Park S, Seong S, Ahn JH, Hahm BJ, Hong JP. Evaluation of a Functional Model of Acquired Capability for Suicide in a Nationwide Sample of Korean Adults. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:601-608. [PMID: 27909450 PMCID: PMC5128347 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.6.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined a functional model of acquired capability for suicide, which was elaborated from the "Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide". METHODS A total of 6,027 Korean community subjects were recruited from The Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study conducted in 2011. The subjects were assessed systematically using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1, the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. We used structural equation modeling to identify potential factors contributing to a suicide attempt. RESULTS Most aspects of the model were supported by the data and "the short-term enhancer for the acquired capability for suicide" had direct effects on suicide attempts. However, the suicidal planning effects of "the short-term enhancer for the acquired capability for suicide" were eliminated by the rule of parsimony. CONCLUSION The main finding was that "the short-term enhancer for the acquired capability for suicide" is relevant to suicide attempts when it's direct, indirect, and reciprocal effects are tested within a more complete system of relationships than found in existing studies. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to future conceptual work and empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Deuk Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maeng Je Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Seong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oquendo MA, Galfalvy H, Sullivan GM, Miller JM, Milak MM, Sublette ME, Cisneros-Trujillo S, Burke AK, Parsey RV, Mann JJ. Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of the Serotonergic System and Prediction of Risk and Lethality of Future Suicidal Behavior. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:1048-1055. [PMID: 27463606 PMCID: PMC6552665 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Biomarkers that predict suicidal behavior, especially highly lethal behavior, are urgently needed. In cross-sectional studies, individuals with depression who attempt suicide have lower midbrain serotonin transporter binding potential compared with those who do not attempt suicide, and higher serotonin1A binding potential in the raphe nuclei (RN) is associated with greater lethality of past suicide attempts and suicidal intent and ideation. OBJECTIVES To determine whether serotonin transporter binding potential in the lower midbrain predicts future suicide attempts and whether higher RN serotonin1A binding potential predicts future suicidal ideation and intent and lethality of future suicide attempts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective 2-year observational study, a well-characterized cohort of 100 patients presenting for treatment of a major depressive episode of at least moderate severity underwent positron emission tomography using carbon 11-labeled N-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl))-N-(2-pyridyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide ([11C]WAY-100635), a serotonin1A antagonist; a subset of 50 patients also underwent imaging with carbon 11-labeled 3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)- benzonitrile ([11C]DASB), a serotonin transporter radioligand. Imaging was performed at Columbia University Medical Center from May 3, 1999, to March 11, 2008. Follow-up was completed on May 28, 2010, and data were analyzed from August 1, 2013, to March 1, 2016. EXPOSURES Patients were treated naturalistically in the community and followed up for 2 years with documentation of suicidal behavior, its lethality, and suicidal ideation and intent. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Suicide attempt or suicide. RESULTS Of the 100 patients undergoing follow-up for more than 2 years (39 men; 61 women; mean [SD] age, 40.2 [11.2] years), 15 made suicide attempts, including 2 who died by suicide. Higher RN serotonin1A binding potential predicted more suicidal ideation at 3 (b = 0.02; t = 3.45; P = .001) and 12 (b = 0.02; t = 3.63; P = .001) months and greater lethality of subsequent suicidal behavior (b = 0.08; t = 2.89; P = .01). Exploratory analyses suggest that the serotonin1A binding potential of the insula (t = 2.41; P = .04), anterior cingulate (t = 2.27; P = .04), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (t = 2.44; P = .03) were also predictive of lethality. Contrary to our hypotheses, suicidal intent was not predicted by serotonin1A binding potential in any brain region (F1,10 = 0.83; P = .38), and midbrain serotonin transporter binding potential did not predict future attempts (log-rank χ21 = 0.4; P = .54), possibly owing to low power. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Greater RN serotonin1A binding potential predicted higher suicidal ideation and more lethal suicidal behavior during a 2-year period. This effect may be mediated through less serotonin neuron firing and release, which affects mood and suicidal ideation and thereby decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Oquendo
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Miller
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Matthew M. Milak
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sebastian Cisneros-Trujillo
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ainsley K. Burke
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - J. John Mann
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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43
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Strupp-Levitsky M, Miller JM, Rubin-Falcone H, Zanderigo F, Milak MS, Sullivan G, Ogden RT, Oquendo MA, DeLorenzo C, Simpson N, Parsey RV, Mann JJ. Lack of association between the serotonin transporter and serotonin 1A receptor: an in vivo PET imaging study in healthy adults. Psychiatry Res 2016; 255:81-86. [PMID: 27567324 PMCID: PMC5175477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin neurotransmitter system is modulated in part by the uptake of synaptically released serotonin (5-HT) by the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and by specific serotonin autoreceptors such as the somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor, which can limit serotonin neuron depolarization. However, little is known about how 5-HTT and 5-HT1A are related in vivo. To study this question, we reanalyzed positron emission tomography (PET) data obtained earlier in 40 healthy participants (21 females) using [(11)C]WAY-100635 for quantification of 5-HT1A binding and [(11)C](+)-McN-5652 for quantification of 5-HTT binding. We hypothesized negative correlations between 5-HT1A binding in the raphe nuclei (RN) and 5-HTT binding in RN terminal field regions. Controlling for sex, no significant correlations were found (all p>0.05). Similarly, an exploratory analysis correlating whole-brain voxel-wise 5-HTT binding with 5-HT1A binding in RN identified no significant clusters meeting our a priori statistical threshold. The lack of correlation between 5-HT1A and 5-HTT binding observed in the current study may be due to the different temporal responsiveness of regulatory processes controlling the somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor and 5-HTT in response to changing availability of intrasynaptic serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Strupp-Levitsky
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew S Milak
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gregory Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Now at Department of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Norman Simpson
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Now at Department of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #42, New York, NY 10032, USA
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44
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Region-specific alterations of A-to-I RNA editing of serotonin 2c receptor in the cortex of suicides with major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e878. [PMID: 27576167 PMCID: PMC5022077 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain region-specific abnormalities in serotonergic transmission appear to underlie suicidal behavior. Alterations of RNA editing on the serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) pre-mRNA in the brain of suicides produce transcripts that attenuate 5-HT2CR signaling by impairing intracellular G-protein coupling and subsequent intracellular signal transduction. In brain, the distribution of RNA-editing enzymes catalyzing deamination (A-to-I modification) shows regional variation, including within the cerebral cortex. We tested the hypothesis that altered pre-mRNA 5-HT2CR receptor editing in suicide is region-specific. To this end, we investigated the complete 5-HT2CR mRNA-editing profile in two architectonically distinct cortical areas involved in mood regulation and decision-making in a clinically well-characterized cohort of age- and sex-matched non-psychiatric drug-free controls and depressed suicides. By using an original biochemical detection method, that is, capillary electrophoresis single-stranded conformational polymorphism (CE-SSCP), we corroborated the 5-HT2CR mRNA-editing profile previously described in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9 (BA9)). Editing of 5-HT2CR mRNA displayed clear regional difference when comparing dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9) and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24). Compared with non-psychiatric control individuals, alterations of editing levels of 5-HT2CR mRNA were detected in both cortical areas of depressed suicides. A marked increase in editing on 5-HT2CR was especially observed in the anterior cingulate cortex in suicides, implicating this cortical area in suicide risk. The results suggest that region-specific changes in RNA editing of 5-HT2CR mRNA and deficient receptor function likely contribute to the etiology of major depressive disorder or suicide.
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Chung JH, Kim JB, Kim JH. Suicidal ideation and attempts in patients with stroke: a population-based study. J Neurol 2016; 263:2032-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Hoptman MJ, Ahmed AO. Neural Foundations of Mood-Induced Impulsivity and Impulsive Aggression in Schizophrenia. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Essential Contributions of Serotonin Transporter Inhibition to the Acute and Chronic Actions of Fluoxetine and Citalopram in the SERT Met172 Mouse. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1733-41. [PMID: 26514584 PMCID: PMC4869040 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness and a leading cause of disability. The most widely prescribed antidepressant medications are serotonin (5-HT) selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Although there is much support for 5-HT transporter (SERT) antagonism as a basis of antidepressant efficacy, this evidence is indirect and other targets and mechanisms have been proposed. In order to distinguish SERT-dependent and -independent effects of SSRIs, we developed a knock-in mouse model whereby high-affinity interactions of many antidepressants at SERT have been ablated via knock-in substitution (SERT Met172) without disrupting 5-HT recognition or uptake. Here we utilize the C57BL/6J SERT Met172 model to evaluate SERT dependence for the actions of two widely prescribed SSRIs, fluoxetine and citalopram, in tests sensitive to acute and chronic actions of antidepressants. In the tail suspension and forced swim tests, fluoxetine and citalopram fail to reduce immobility in SERT Met172 mice. In addition, SERT Met172 mice are insensitive to chronic fluoxetine and citalopram administration in the novelty induced hypophagia test (NIH) and fail to exhibit enhanced proliferation or survival of hippocampal stem cells. In both acute and chronic studies, SERT Met172 mice maintained sensitivity to paroxetine, an antidepressant that is unaffected by the Met172 mutation. Together, these studies provide definitive support for an essential role of SERT antagonism in the acute and chronic actions of two commonly used SSRIs in these tests, and reinforce the utility of the SERT Met172 model for isolating SERT/5-HT contributions of drug actions in vivo.
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Kumar JSD, Underwood MD, Simpson NR, Kassir SA, Prabhakaran J, Majo VJ, Bakalian MJ, Parsey RV, Mann JJ, Arango V. Autoradiographic Evaluation of [(18)F]FECUMI-101, a High Affinity 5-HT1AR Ligand in Human Brain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:482-6. [PMID: 27190597 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[(18)F]FECUMI-101 ([(18)F]1) is a 5HT1AR ligand demonstrating specific binding in brain regions corresponding to the distribution of 5-HT1AR in baboons. However, we detected moderate uptake of [(18)F]1 in baboon thalamus, a brain region lacking 5-HT1AR. We sought to investigate the relative binding of [(18)F]1 to 5-HT1AR, α1R, and 5-HT7R in vitro. Using autoradiography in human brain sections, specific binding of [(18)F]1 to 5-HT1AR was confirmed. However, [(18)F]1 also showed 26% binding to α1R in PFC. The hippocampal formation exhibited 51% and 92% binding of [(18)F]1 to α1R and 5-HT1AR, respectively. Thalamus and cerebellum showed very little binding. There is no measurable specific binding of [(18)F]1 to 5-HT7R and no effect of temperature on [(18)F]1 specific binding to 5-HT1AR or α1R. These results indicate that, while [(18)F]FECUMI-101 is not a completely selective 5-HT1AR ligand for receptor quantification, it may be useful for occupancy measurements of drugs acting at 5-HT1AR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Dileep Kumar
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Mark D. Underwood
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Norman R. Simpson
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Suham A. Kassir
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Vattoly J. Majo
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Mihran J. Bakalian
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department
of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - J. John Mann
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Victoria Arango
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
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49
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Chagraoui A, Thibaut F, Skiba M, Thuillez C, Bourin M. 5-HT2C receptors in psychiatric disorders: A review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 66:120-135. [PMID: 26739950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
5-HT2Rs have a different genomic organization from other 5-HT2Rs. 5HT2CR undergoes post-transcriptional pre-mRNA editing generating diversity among RNA transcripts. Selective post-transcriptional editing could be involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders through impairment in G-protein interactions. Moreover, it may influence the therapeutic response to agents such as atypical antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, 5-HT2CR exhibits alternative splicing. Central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems interact to modulate normal and abnormal behaviors. Thus, 5HT2CR plays a crucial role in psychiatric disorders. 5HT2CR could be a relevant pharmacological target in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The development of drugs that specifically target 5-HT2C receptors will allow for better understanding of their involvement in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. Among therapeutic means currently available, most drugs used to treat highly morbid psychiatric diseases interact at least partly with 5-HT2CRs. Pharmacologically, 5HT2CRs, have the ability to generate differentially distinct response signal transduction pathways depending on the type of 5HT2CR agonist. Although this receptor property has been clearly demonstrated, in vitro, the eventual beneficial impact of this property opens new perspectives in the development of agonists that could activate signal transduction pathways leading to better therapeutic efficiency with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chagraoui
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - F Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes and INSERM U 894 Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - M Skiba
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, France
| | - C Thuillez
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; INSERM U1096, Laboratory of New Pharmacological Targets for Endothelial Protection and Heart Failure, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, France
| | - M Bourin
- EA 3256 Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression, Faculté de Médecine, BP 53508, 1 rue Gaston Veil, F44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
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50
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Yoon HJ, Oh Y, Joung YS. Suicidal Behavior, Violent Behavior, and Neurocognitive Function in Child and Adolescent Mood Disorder Patients. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2016. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2016.27.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunhye Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Sook Joung
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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