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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Jing J. The Relevance, Predictability, and Utility of Annexin A5 for Human Physiopathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2865. [PMID: 38474114 PMCID: PMC10932194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important functional protein molecule in the human body, human annexin A5 (hAnxA5) is widely found in human cells and body fluids. hAnxA5, the smallest type of annexin, performs a variety of biological functions by reversibly and specifically binding phosphatidylserine (PS) in a calcium-dependent manner and plays an important role in many human physiological and pathological processes. The free state hAnxA5 exists in the form of monomers and usually forms a polymer in a specific self-assembly manner when exerting biological activity. This review systematically discusses the current knowledge and understanding of hAnxA5 from three perspectives: physiopathological relevance, diagnostic value, and therapeutic utility. hAnxA5 affects the occurrence and development of many physiopathological processes. Moreover, hAnxA5 can be used independently or in combination as a biomarker of physiopathological phenomena for the diagnosis of certain diseases. Importantly, based on the properties of hAnxA5, many novel drug candidates have been designed and prepared for application in actual medical practice. However, there are also some gaps and shortcomings in hAnxA5 research. This in-depth study will not only expand the understanding of structural and functional relationships but also promote the application of hAnxA5 in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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3
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Murad H, Ali B, Twair A, Baghdadi K, Alhalabi M, Abbady AQ. "In House" assays for the quantification of Annexin V and its autoantibodies in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and in vitro fertilisation failures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22322. [PMID: 38102468 PMCID: PMC10724132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have been shown that Annexin V (ANXV) autoantibodies concentrations are associated with both early recurrent pregnancy losses (RPLs) or in vitro fertilization failure (IVFf). We investigated the association between ANXV autoantibodies and ANVX levels in RPL, IVFf and normal group women. The study was conducted on 22 female patients with RPLs, 66 patients with IVFf, and 16 normal samples from women who had given birth. ANXV autoantibodies were measured using an ELISA test developed by fixing a homemade recombinant ANXV protein and examined with labeled human antibodies, while ANXV concentrations were measured by a competitive ELISA using a homemade anti ANXV polyclonal antibody. The results showed a clear relationship between the high levels of ANXV autoantibodies and the recurrent abortion. On the other hand, ANXV measurement in those patients showed decreased concentrations compared to normal samples. Negative correlation between ANXV and its autoantibodies levels was reported in almost all patients' samples. Our data supports the possibility that ANXV autoantibodies are a risk factor for reproductive failures associated with both RPLs and/or IVFf and the significant role for ANXV in the maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Murad
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Bouthina Ali
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Aya Twair
- Division of Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Khaled Baghdadi
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Embryology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Marwan Alhalabi
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Embryology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdul Qader Abbady
- Division of Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
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4
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Almeida MS, Tahara-Hanaoka S, Shibagaki S, Niizuma K, Hitomi K, Shinkai Y, Shibayama S, Shibuya A. Annexin A5 inhibits mast cell activation via Allergin-1 immunoreceptor. Allergy 2023; 78:3258-3260. [PMID: 37568278 DOI: 10.1111/all.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoko Tahara-Hanaoka
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shohei Shibagaki
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kouta Niizuma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaori Hitomi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shiro Shibayama
- Research Center of Immunology, Tsukuba Institute, ONO Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), Tsukuba, Japan
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5
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Zhu LB, Lu L, Wang HY, Fan GC, Chen Y, Zhang JD, Zhao WW. Enhanced organic−inorganic heterojunction of polypyrrole@Bi2WO6: Fabrication and application for sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay of creatine kinase-MB. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Cakici C, Yigitbasi T, Ayla S, Karimkhani H, Bayramoglu F, Yigit P, Kilic E, Emekli N. Dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:271-279. [PMID: 29420306 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on apoptosis and oxidative stress. Methods In this study, 50 male Balb/c mice were used as control and experiment groups. The mice were divided into 5 groups each consisting of 10 mice. Calcitriol was intraperitoneally administered as low dose, medium dose, medium-high dose and high dose vitamin D groups (at 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/kg, respectively), for three times a week during 14 days. At the end of the study, annexin V was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status values were measured by colorimetric method in serum. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed in liver tissues and periodic acid schiff staining was performed in kidney tissues. Results While comparing the results of medium-high dose (5 μg/kg) and high dose (10 μg/kg) vitamin D administration to that of the control group, it was observed that serum antioxidant status and annexin V levels decreased and glomerular mesenchial matrix ratio increased in kidney (p<0.05). In addition to these findings, in the group receiving high dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg), it was observed that the damage to the liver increased together with the the oxidative stress index values (p<0.05). Conclusions As a result, this study was the first in the literature to report that use of high-dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg) results in oxidant effect, rather than being an antioxidant, and causes severe histopathological toxicity in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Cakici
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turkan Yigitbasi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Ekinciler street No: 19 Kavacık, Beykoz/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Ayla
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hadi Karimkhani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayramoglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Emekli
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Lee R, Fischer R, Charles PD, Adlam D, Valli A, Di Gleria K, Kharbanda RK, Choudhury RP, Antoniades C, Kessler BM, Channon KM. A novel workflow combining plaque imaging, plaque and plasma proteomics identifies biomarkers of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque disruption. Clin Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28642677 PMCID: PMC5477097 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the culprit event which underpins most acute vascular syndromes such as acute myocardial infarction. Novel biomarkers of plaque rupture could improve biological understanding and clinical management of patients presenting with possible acute vascular syndromes but such biomarker(s) remain elusive. Investigation of biomarkers in the context of de novo plaque rupture in humans is confounded by the inability to attribute the plaque rupture as the source of biomarker release, as plaque ruptures are typically associated with prompt down-stream events of myocardial necrosis and systemic inflammation. Methods We developed a novel approach to identify potential biomarkers of plaque rupture by integrating plaque imaging, using optical coherence tomography, with both plaque and plasma proteomic analysis in a human model of angioplasty-induced plaque disruption. Results We compared two pairs of coronary plaque debris, captured by a FilterWire Device, and their corresponding control samples and found matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) to be significantly enriched in plaque. Plaque contents, as defined by optical coherence tomography, affect the systemic changes of MMP9. Disruption of lipid-rich plaque led to prompt elevation of plasma MMP9, whereas disruption of non-lipid-rich plaque resulted in delayed elevation of plasma MMP9. Systemic MMP9 elevation is independent of the associated myocardial necrosis and systemic inflammation (measured by Troponin I and C-reactive protein, respectively). This information guided the selection of a subset of subjects of for further label free proteomics analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We discovered five novel, plaque-enriched proteins (lipopolysaccharide binding protein, Annexin A5, eukaryotic translocation initiation factor, syntaxin 11, cytochrome B5 reductase 3) to be significantly elevated in systemic circulation at 5 min after plaque disruption. Conclusion This novel approach for biomarker discovery in human coronary artery plaque disruption can identify new biomarkers related to human coronary artery plaque composition and disruption. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9157-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regent Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip D Charles
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Adlam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandro Valli
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katalin Di Gleria
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh K Kharbanda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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8
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Abstract
Sensing using specific and selective receptors provides two very different but complementary strategies. This Sensor Issues article will discuss the merits and challenges of specific sensors, and selective sensors based on synthetic arrays. We will examine where each has been successfully applied to a sensing challenge, and then look at how a combined approach could take elements of both to provide new sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Peveler
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant
Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant
Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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9
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Dewey CM, Spitler KM, Ponce JM, Hall DD, Grueter CE. Cardiac-Secreted Factors as Peripheral Metabolic Regulators and Potential Disease Biomarkers. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003101. [PMID: 27247337 PMCID: PMC4937259 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Dewey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kathryn M Spitler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jessica M Ponce
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Duane D Hall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chad E Grueter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Papajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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10
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Kreft S, Klatt AR, Straßburger J, Pöschl E, Flower RJ, Eming S, Reutelingsperger C, Brisson A, Brachvogel B. Skin Wound Repair Is Not Altered in the Absence of Endogenous AnxA1 or AnxA5, but Pharmacological Concentrations of AnxA4 and AnxA5 Inhibit Wound Hemostasis. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:287-98. [PMID: 27178140 DOI: 10.1159/000445106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury induces the cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on damaged and dying cells to activate coagulation and repair processes. Annexins can bind to PS and may modulate the healing response. Here, we determine the relevance of annexins for skin wound healing using AnxA1- and AnxA5-deficient mice and recombinant annexins with distinct PS binding properties. Wound inflammation, closure and the formation of granulation tissue were not altered in AnxA1- or AnxA5-deficient mice or after increasing AnxA5 serum concentrations (100 nM) in wild-type mice. Increased serum concentrations (1 µM) of AnxA5 induced massive bleeding, but wound hemostasis was not delayed by AnxA1. Both annexins interact with PS, but only AnxA5 can form 2-dimensional (2D) arrays on the cell surface. The injection of an AnxA5 mutant that binds to PS but lacks the ability of 2D array formation failed to induce bleeding. 2D lattice-forming AnxA4, with high affinity to PS also caused bleeding, while hemostasis was not affected by AnxA8 with low affinity or the AnxA8 mutant with medium affinity for PS and the lack of 2D formation. Increased concentrations of AnxA4 and AnxA5 also delayed coagulation pathway activation in vitro. This effect was attenuated for the AnxA5 mutant as well as for AnxA1 and AnxA8. In conclusion, endogenous AnxA1 and AnxA5 are dispensable for wound hemostasis and repair, but pharmacologically excessive concentrations of AnxA4 and AnxA5 inhibit hemostasis in skin wounds.
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11
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Linke B, Abeler-Dörner L, Jahndel V, Kurz A, Mahr A, Pfrang S, Linke L, Krammer PH, Weyd H. The tolerogenic function of annexins on apoptotic cells is mediated by the annexin core domain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5233-42. [PMID: 25917090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological tolerance is constantly being maintained in the periphery by dendritic cells processing material from apoptotic cells (ACs) in the steady-state. Although research has focused on the uptake of ACs by phagocytes, tolerogenic signals exposed by the ACs are much less well defined. In this article, we show that the annexin (Anx) family members AnxA5 and AnxA13 translocate to the surface of ACs to function as redundant tolerogenic signals in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to AnxA5 or AnxA13 in vitro resulted in the inhibition of both proinflammatory cytokine secretion and the upregulation of costimulatory molecules upon TLR stimulation. The highly conserved Anx core domain was sufficient to mediate these effects, whereas recognition by N-formyl peptide receptor family members was dispensable. In vivo, coinjection of OVA-expressing and Anx-expressing ACs prevented induction of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, mice immunized with Anx-expressing ACs became refractory to an antigenic challenge. These results suggest that several Anxs contribute to AC-induced suppression of dendritic cell activation. Therefore, manipulating Anx-mediated immunosuppression may prove beneficial for patients with cancer or autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Linke
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Jahndel
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kurz
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mahr
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pfrang
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Linke
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Weyd
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Fortuño MA, López N, González A, Díez J. Involvement of cardiomyocyte survival–apoptosis balance in hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 1:293-307. [PMID: 15030288 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.1.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The balance between cell death and cell survival is a tightly controlled process, especially in terminally differentiated cells, such as the cardiomyocyte. Accumulating data support a role for cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the development of several cardiac diseases, including the transition from hypertensive compensatory hypertrophy to heart failure. This review briefly summarizes the status of the knowledge regarding the death-survival balance of cardiomyocytes in the context of hypertensive heart disease. Several molecular and cellular aspects as well as the most relevant pathophysiological implications are presented. Moreover, diagnosis tools under development and the possibilities for pharmacological intervention are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Fortuño
- Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Lai CTM, Chow PC, Wong SJ, Chan KW, Cheung YF. Circulating annexin A5 levels after atrial switch for transposition of the great arteries: relationship with ventricular deformation and geometry. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52125. [PMID: 23284897 PMCID: PMC3527428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cytokines, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and altered collagen turnover may contribute to unfavourable ventricular remodeling. This unfavourable ventricular remodelling is well documented in patients after atrial switch operation for complete transposition of the great arteries. We therefore tested if levels of circulating markers of inflammation, apoptosis, collagen synthesis, and extracellular matrix degradation are altered in patients after atrial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Methods and Results Circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, annexin A5 (AnxA5), carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels were determined in 27 patients aged 25.2±3.1 years and 20 controls. Ventricular myocardial deformation and left ventricular eccentricity index (EI) were determined by speckle tracking and two-dimensional echocardiography, respectively. Compared with controls, patients had significantly higher circulating AnxA5 (p<0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.018) levels, but similar PICP, PIIINP, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels. For the whole cohort, plasma AnxA5 correlated with serum TNF-α (p = 0.002), systemic ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and systolic and early diastolic strain rate (all p<0.001), and subpulmonary ventricular GLS and early diastolic strain rate (both p<0.001). In patients, plasma AnxA5 level correlated positively with subpulmonary ventricular EI (p = 0.027). Multiple linear regression analysis identified systemic ventricular GLS (β = −0.50, p<0.001) and serum TNF-α (β = 0.29, p = 0.022) as significant correlates of plasma AnxA5. Conclusions Elevated plasma AnxA5 level in patients after atrial switch operation is associated with impaired systemic myocardial deformation, increased subpulmonary ventricular eccentricity, and increased serum TNF-α level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare T. M. Lai
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-cheong Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sophia J. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Koon-wing Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu-fai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Polymorphisms in the Annexin A5 gene influence circulating Annexin A5 levels in healthy controls. Thromb Res 2012; 129:815-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Evaluation of plasma annexin V levels in children and young adults with solid tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2012; 27:e164-6. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Trouvé P, Kerbiriou M, le Hir S, Benz N, Férec C. Surface plasmon resonance shows a gender difference in circulating annexin A5 in human. Talanta 2012; 93:219-23. [PMID: 22483902 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The level of circulating anxA5 is correlated to various diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, trauma, thrombosis, inflammation and in some cancers. Our aim was to assess whether a direct approach using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) could be easily used to provide a rapid and cheap alternative to detect anxA5 in blood samples in human. Our results indicate that SPR permits to detect and quantify circulating anxA5 in serum with a minimum time of manipulation. Furthermore, we report here, for the first time, that the level of circulating anxA5 is significantly higher in male than in female (5.43 (± 0.02) and 4.41 (± 0.2)ng/ml, respectively). In conclusion, we found that SPR can be used to rapidly quantify anxA5 in patients and that a gender difference has to be taken into account to explain gender differences in the prevalence of some diseases.
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Chen HH, Josephson L, Sosnovik DE. Imaging of apoptosis in the heart with nanoparticle technology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:86-99. [PMID: 20945336 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in the loss of cardiomyocytes in both ischemic injury and heart failure. Pioneering work with single photon emission computed tomography imaging of (99)Tc-annexin showed that cell death in the heart could be imaged in vivo. Over the last 5 years a significant amount of experience with annexin-labeled magnetic nanoparticles, principally AnxCLIO-Cy5.5, has also been gained. Here, we review the experience with AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 in the heart and compare this experience to that of earlier studies with (99)Tc-annexin. The imaging of apoptosis with AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 provides valuable insights not only into molecular imaging in the heart but, more broadly, into the use of nanoparticle technology for molecular imaging in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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18
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Yamaguchi M, Kokai Y, Imai SI, Utsumi K, Matsumoto K, Honda H, Mizue Y, Momma M, Maeda T, Toyomasu S, Ito YM, Kobayashi S, Hashimoto E, Saito T, Sohma H. Investigation of annexin A5 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease using neuronal cell culture and mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2011; 88:2682-92. [PMID: 20648654 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) differs from other forms of dementia in its relation to amyloid beta peptide (Abeta). Abeta, a proteolytic product of amyloid precursor proteins (APP), has a toxic effect on neuronal cells, which involves perturbation of their Ca(2+) homeostasis. This effect implies that changes of protein expression in neuronal cells with calcium stress should provide a molecular marker for this disease. In the present study, we used the supernatant from a neuronal cell culture after incubation with or without Abeta and isolated a Ca(2+)-dependent acidic phospholipid binding fraction to perform a proteomic study. Several unique proteins were identified after incubation with Abeta. We focused on annexin A5, among these proteins, because it binds both Ca(2+) and lipids likely to be involved in calcium homeostasis. Tg2576 transgenic mice (AD model) overexpressing mutant human APP showed a significant increase of annexin A5 in the brain cortex but not in other organs, including liver, kidney, lung, and intestine. In human plasma samples, the level of annexin A5 was significantly increased in a proportion of AD patients compared with a control group (P < 0.0001 in the logistic regression analysis). From the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with plasma annexin A5 concentrations, the mean area under the curve (AUC 0.898) suggests that annexin A5 is a favorable marker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Doroudgar S, Glembotski CC. The cardiokine story unfolds: ischemic stress-induced protein secretion in the heart. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:207-14. [PMID: 21277256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication depends on many factors, including proteins released via the classical or non-classical secretory pathways, many of which must be properly folded to be functional. Owing to their adverse effects on the secretion machinery, stresses such as ischemia can impair the folding of secreted proteins. Paradoxically, cells rely on secreted proteins to mount a response designed to resist stress-induced damage. This review examines this paradox using proteins secreted from the heart, cardiokines, as examples, and focuses on how the ischemic heart maintains or even increases the release of select cardiokines that regulate important cellular processes in the heart, including excitation-contraction coupling, hypertrophic growth, myocardial remodeling and stem cell function, in ways that moderate ischemic damage and enhance cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Doroudgar
- SDSU Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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20
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Berny-Lang MA, Aslan JE, Tormoen GW, Patel IA, Bock PE, Gruber A, McCarty OJT. Promotion of experimental thrombus formation by the procoagulant activity of breast cancer cells. Phys Biol 2011; 8:015014. [PMID: 21301066 PMCID: PMC3209705 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/8/1/015014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The routine observation of tumor emboli in the peripheral blood of patients with carcinomas raises questions about the clinical relevance of these circulating tumor cells. Thrombosis is a common clinical manifestation of cancer, and circulating tumor cells may play a pathogenetic role in this process. The presence of coagulation-associated molecules on cancer cells has been described, but the mechanisms by which circulating tumor cells augment or alter coagulation remains unclear. In this study we utilized suspensions of a metastatic adenocarcinoma cell line, MDA-MB-231, and a non-metastatic breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10A, as models of circulating tumor cells to determine the thrombogenic activity of these blood-foreign cells. In human plasma, both metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells and non-metastatic MCF-10A cells significantly enhanced clotting kinetics. The effect of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cells on clotting times was cell number-dependent and inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to tissue factor (TF) as well as inhibitors of activated factor X and thrombin. Using fluorescence microscopy, we found that both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cells supported the binding of fluorescently labeled thrombin. Furthermore, in a model of thrombus formation under pressure-driven flow, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cells significantly decreased the time to occlusion. Our findings indicate that the presence of breast epithelial cells in blood can stimulate coagulation in a TF-dependent manner, suggesting that tumor cells that enter the circulation may promote the formation of occlusive thrombi under shear flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Berny-Lang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - JE Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - GW Tormoen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - IA Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - PE Bock
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, C3321A Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - A Gruber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - OJT McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97219, USA
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21
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Shehata M, El Abd D, El Shanawani F, Abdallah EA, Darwish H, Moghazy MF, Metwaly A, Hadi AAA. Cadherin 5 and Annexin V as Circulating Endothelial Microparticles: Markers for Atherosclerotic Vascular Lesions in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. KIDNEY 2010; 19:307-315. [DOI: 10.1007/s00596-010-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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22
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Berny MA, Munnix ICA, Auger JM, Schols SEM, Cosemans JMEM, Panizzi P, Bock PE, Watson SP, McCarty OJT, Heemskerk JWM. Spatial distribution of factor Xa, thrombin, and fibrin(ogen) on thrombi at venous shear. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10415. [PMID: 20454680 PMCID: PMC2861630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of thrombin is a critical process in the formation of venous thrombi. In isolated plasma under static conditions, phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing platelets support coagulation factor activation and thrombin generation; however, their role in supporting coagulation factor binding under shear conditions remains unclear. We sought to determine where activated factor X (FXa), (pro)thrombin, and fibrin(ogen) are localized in thrombi formed under venous shear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fluorescence microscopy was used to study the accumulation of platelets, FXa, (pro)thrombin, and fibrin(ogen) in thrombi formed in vitro and in vivo. Co-perfusion of human blood with tissue factor resulted in formation of visible fibrin at low, but not at high shear rate. At low shear, platelets demonstrated increased Ca(2+) signaling and PS exposure, and supported binding of FXa and prothrombin. However, once cleaved, (pro)thrombin was observed on fibrin fibers, covering the whole thrombus. In vivo, wild-type mice were injected with fluorescently labeled coagulation factors and venous thrombus formation was monitored in mesenteric veins treated with FeCl(3). Thrombi formed in vivo consisted of platelet aggregates, focal spots of platelets binding FXa, and large areas binding (pro)thrombin and fibrin(ogen). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE FXa bound in a punctate manner to thrombi under shear, while thrombin and fibrin(ogen) distributed ubiquitously over platelet-fibrin thrombi. During thrombus formation under venous shear, thrombin may relocate from focal sites of formation (on FXa-binding platelets) to dispersed sites of action (on fibrin fibers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Berny
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Imke C. A. Munnix
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelyn M. Auger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia E. M. Schols
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Panizzi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Bock
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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23
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Kenis H, Zandbergen HR, Hofstra L, Petrov AD, Dumont EA, Blankenberg FD, Haider N, Bitsch N, Gijbels M, Verjans JWH, Narula N, Narula J, Reutelingsperger CPM. Annexin A5 uptake in ischemic myocardium: demonstration of reversible phosphatidylserine externalization and feasibility of radionuclide imaging. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:259-67. [PMID: 20124049 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.068429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischemic insult to the myocardium is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Because apoptotic cell death is characterized by phosphatidylserine externalization on cell membrane and annexin-A5 (AA5) avidly binds to phosphatidylserine, we hypothesized that radiolabeled AA5 should be able to identify the regions of myocardial ischemia. METHODS Models of brief myocardial ischemia by the occlusion of the coronary artery for 10 min (I-10) and reperfusion for 180 min (R-180) for the detection of phosphatidylserine exteriorization using (99m)Tc-labeled AA5 and gamma-imaging were produced in rabbits. (99m)Tc-AA5 uptake after brief ischemia was compared with an I-40/R-180 infarct model. Histologic characterization of both myocardial necrosis and apoptosis was performed in ischemia and infarct models. Phosphatidylserine exteriorization was also studied in a mouse model, and the dynamics and kinetics of phosphatidylserine exposure were assessed using unlabeled recombinant AA5 and AA5 labeled with biotin, Oregon Green, or Alexa 568. Appropriate controls were established. RESULTS Phosphatidylserine exposure after ischemia in the rabbit heart could be detected by radionuclide imaging with (99m)Tc-AA5. Pathologic characterization of the explanted rabbit hearts did not show apoptosis or necrosis. Homogenization and ultracentrifugation of the ischemic myocardial tissue from rabbit hearts recovered two thirds of the radiolabeled AA5 from the cytoplasmic compartment. Murine experiments demonstrated that the cardiomyocytes expressed phosphatidylserine on their cell surface after an ischemic insult of 5 min. Phosphatidylserine exposure occurred continuously for at least 6 h after solitary ischemic insult. AA5 targeted the exposed phosphatidylserine on cardiomyocytes; AA5 was internalized into cytoplasmic vesicles within 10-30 min. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, cardiomyocytes with internalized AA5 had restored phosphatidylserine asymmetry of the sarcolemma, and no detectable phosphatidylserine remained on the cell surface. The preadministration of a pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, prevented phosphatidylserine exposure after ischemia. CONCLUSIONS After a single episode of ischemia, cardiomyocytes express phosphatidylserine, which is amenable to targeting by AA5, for at least 6 h. Phosphatidylserine exposure is transient and internalized in cytoplasmic vesicles after AA5 binding, indicating the reversibility of the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kenis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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24
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van Tits LJ, van Heerde WL, Landburg PP, Boderie MJ, Muskiet FAJ, Jacobs N, Duits AJ, Schnog JB. Plasma annexin A5 and microparticle phosphatidylserine levels are elevated in sickle cell disease and increase further during painful crisis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:161-4. [PMID: 19799864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the membrane surface of red blood cells and circulating microparticles (MP) plays an important role in etiology of the hypercoagulable state of sickle cell disease (SCD), as well as in the reduced red cell life span and adhesive interactions between red cells and endothelium. Annexin A5, an intracellular protein abundantly present in endothelial cells and platelets, exhibits high affinity for PS and has been shown to inhibit several of these PS-mediated pathophysiological processes. We determined plasma annexin A5 levels and MP-associated procoagulant activity, a measure of MP-PS exposure, in 17 sickle cell patients (12 HbSS and 5 HbSC) in steady state and at presentation with a painful crisis. Twenty-five HbAA blood donors served as controls. Both annexin A5 and MP-PS were highest in HbSS patients (5.7 ng/mL, IQR 3.7-7.6 and 37.9 nM, IQR 31.9-69.8) as compared to HbSC patients (1.8 ng/mL, IQR 1.7-7.6 and 20.9 nM, IQR 10.9-29.6) and healthy controls (2.5 ng/mL, IQR 1.4-4.4 and 13.1 nM, IQR 9.5-18.5) (p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). At presentation with a painful crisis, annexin A5 and MP-PS had increased in 16 of 17 patients (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Most interestingly, in 7 HbSS patients the proportional increase in MP-PS exposure was higher than the proportional increase in plasma annexin A5 concentration, leading to lower annexin A5/MP-PS ratio of HbSS patients during crisis than HbAA controls (0.0027 (0.0017-0.0049) vs 0.0048 (0.0027-0.0085), p=0.05). In conclusion, patients with SCD have elevated plasma levels of annexin A5- and PS-exposing MP. During crisis both levels increase, but in most HbSS patients MP-PS exposure increases more than annexin A5. Future studies must address a potential role of annexin A5 in modulating PS-related pathophysiological processes in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J van Tits
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Shojaie M, Sotoodah A, Roozmeh S, Kholoosi E, Dana S. Annexin V and anti-Annexin V antibodies: two interesting aspects in acute myocardial infarction. Thromb J 2009; 7:13. [PMID: 19622170 PMCID: PMC2724414 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction is the combined result of environmental factors and personal predispositions. Prothrombotic factors might play an important role in this phenomenon. Annexin V (ANV) is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein widely present in various tissues exerting a potent anticoagulant effect in vitro by reducing plaque adhesion and aggregation. Anti-annexin V antibodies (aANVAs) are detected in various diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. The study of ANV in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) might shed light on hypercoagulability mechanisms in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. This study was conducted to investigate the association of plasma ANV, aANVAs and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCLAs) with AMI. Methods This study recruited 45 patients with the diagnosis of AMI according to WHO criteria in their first 24 hours of admission. 36 matched individuals were studied as the control group with normal coronary artery angiography. Plasma levels of ANV, aANVAs and aCLAs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the results were compared. Results Plasma ANV levels in the patients with AMI on admission were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.002). Positive test for aANVAs were found to be present in a significant number of our patients (p = 0.004). The studied groups were similar in their rate of patients with positive aCLAs tests. ANV, aANVAs and aCLAs were not correlated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sex, age and smoking. Conclusion Our findings suggest that low plasma ANV levels along with positive aANVAs tests in patients with AMI are indicative of hypercoagulable state that is not related to the traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shojaie
- Department of Cardiology, Jahrom University of Medical science, Jahrom, Iran.
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26
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Flotats A, Carrió I. Radionuclide noninvasive evaluation of heart failure beyond left ventricular function assessment. J Nucl Cardiol 2009; 16:304-15. [PMID: 19247733 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-009-9064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The management of patients with heart failure (HF) is challenging and requires the integration of clinical skills and accurate ancillary tests for the correct diagnosis and estimation of individual prognosis. Although the basic characterization of patients with HF is supported primarily by echocardiographic assessment of the left ventricular function, other noninvasive imaging procedures are being developed, including those involved in the processes of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, cellular injury, intersticial dysregulation, and neurohormonal receptor function. Nuclear techniques for molecular imaging of the myocardium may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology, severity, management (medical/mechanical/surgical), response to treatment, and prognosis of HF patients. This will permit individualized management decisions and hopefully facilitate better clinical outcomes for patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Flotats
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167, Barcelona, 08025, Spain.
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27
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Gonzalez A, Lopez B, Ravassa S, Beaumont J, Arias T, Hermida N, Zudaire A, Diez J. Biochemical markers of myocardial remodelling in hypertensive heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:509-18. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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van Genderen HO, Kenis H, Hofstra L, Narula J, Reutelingsperger CPM. Extracellular annexin A5: functions of phosphatidylserine-binding and two-dimensional crystallization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:953-63. [PMID: 18334229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In normal healthy cells phosphatidylserine is located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. However, on activated platelets, dying cells and under specific circumstances also on various types of viable leukocytes phosphatidylserine is actively externalized to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Annexin A5 has the ability to bind in a calcium-dependent manner to phosphatidylserine and to form a membrane-bound two-dimensional crystal lattice. Based on these abilities various functions for extracellular annexin A5 on the phosphatidylserine-expressing plasma membrane have been proposed. In this review we describe possible mechanisms for externalization of annexin A5 and various processes in which extracellular annexin A5 may play a role such as blood coagulation, apoptosis, phagocytosis and formation of plasma membrane-derived microparticles. We further highlight the recent discovery of internalization of extracellular annexin A5 by phosphatidylserine-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo O van Genderen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Simsek B, Buyukcelik M, Soran M, Bayazit AK, Noyan A, Seydaoglu G, Anarat A. Urinary annexin V in children with nephrotic syndrome: a new prognostic marker? Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:79-82. [PMID: 17999093 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-007-0606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Annexin V has a molecular weight of 32-35 kDa and has been reported to possess anticoagulant activity, inhibition of phospholipase A(2), regulation of membrane transport, proliferation and signal transduction. It is reported that urinary annexin V concentration may be an indicator of apoptosis and acute renal injury related to the urinary protein level. The aim of this study was to define the role of urinary annexin V excretion and serum annexin V concentrations as new prognostic tools and follow-up criteria in children with steroid-sensitive (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Annexin V concentrations were measured in serum and 24-h urine samples in 23 SSNS patients in both relapse and remission periods of each patient and in 22 SRNS patients and 22 healthy controls. Total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total cholesterol concentrations, and 24-h urinary excretion of protein and creatinine were also measured in each patient. In the SRNS group, median 24-h urinary annexin V levels were significantly higher than for all other groups (5,048.8 ng/g creatinine vs. 2,839.5 ng/g creatinine in SSNS relapse group; 2,500.0 ng/g creatinine in SSNS remission group, and 2,018.3 ng/g creatinine in healthy control group). No significant correlation was found between urinary protein excretion and 24-h urinary annexin V levels in all subjects. Twenty-four-hour urinary annexin V excretion may be a predictor in children with SRNS, and it may be a prognostic marker in children with NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behcet Simsek
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Cukurova University, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
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30
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van Tits LJH, van Heerde WL, van der Vleuten GM, de Graaf J, Grobbee DE, van de Vijver LPL, Stalenhoef AF, Princen HM. Plasma annexin A5 level relates inversely to the severity of coronary stenosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:674-80. [PMID: 17374363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous radiolabeled annexin A5 is taken up by atherosclerotic tissue. We measured endogenous plasma annexin A5 and circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a biochemical marker of atherosclerosis, in men with either severe angiographically determined coronary stenosis (n=90) or no or only minor stenosis (n=96). Men without history of cardiac disease or treatment and free of plaques in the carotid artery (by ultrasonography) were taken as controls (n=87). Opposite to oxLDL, annexin A5 decreased at increasing severity of stenosis. OxLDL was lowest and annexin A5 was highest in controls. Percentage differences between groups were higher for annexin A5 than for oxLDL, and highest for oxLDL/annexin A5 ratio. The oxLDL/annexin A5 ratio is a better marker of the severity of coronary stenosis than oxLDL alone, may reflect the presence and extent of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and might prove useful for preclinical screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambertus J H van Tits
- Department of General Internal Medicine 441, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The serum markers of myocardial injury are used to help in establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The older markers like aspartate amino-transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. lost their utility due to lack of specificity and limited sensitivities. Among the currently available markers cardiac troponins are the most widely used due to their improved sensitivity specificity, efficiency and low turn around time. Studies have shown that cardiac troponins should replace CKMB as the diagnostic 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of myocardial injury. The combination of myoglobin with cardiac troponins has further improved the accuracy in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes and thereby reducing the hospital stay and patients' money. Among the other new markers of early detection of myocardial damage, heart fatty acid binding protein, glycogen phosphorylase BB and myoglobin/carbonic anhydrase III ratio seem to be the most promising. But the search for the most ideal marker of myocardial injury is still on.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Nigam
- Dept. of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, 226 003 Lucknow
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Monceau V, Belikova Y, Kratassiouk G, Robidel E, Russo-Marie F, Charlemagne D. Myocyte apoptosis during acute myocardial infarction in rats is related to early sarcolemmal translocation of annexin A5 in border zone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H965-71. [PMID: 16501019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01053.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A5 is a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding protein well known for its high phosphatidylserine affinity. In vitro, translocation to sarcolemma and externalization of endogenous annexin A5 in the cardiomyocyte has recently been demonstrated to exert a proapoptotic effect. To determine whether these in vitro findings occurred in vivo, we performed myocardial infarction (MI) and studied the time course of apoptosis and annexin A5 localization (0.5 to 8 h) in the border zone around the infarcted area. This zone that was defined as Evans blue unstained and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained, represented 42.3 ± 5.5% of the area at risk and showed apoptotic characteristics (significant increases in caspase 3 activity 2.3-fold at 0.5 h; P < 0.05), transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cardiomyocytes (15.8 ± 0.8% at 8 h), and DNA ladder. When compared with sham-operated rats, we found that in this area, annexin A5 was translocated to the sarcolemma as early as 0.5 h after MI and that translocation increased with time. Moreover, the amount of annexin A5 was unchanged in the border zone and decreased in the infarcted area after 1 h (77.1 ± 4.8%; P < 0.01 vs. perfused area), suggesting a release in the latter but not in the former. In conclusion, we demonstrated that annexin A5 translocation is an early and rapid event of the whole border zone, likely due to Ca2+increase. Part of this translocation occurred in areas where apoptosis was later detected and suggests that in vivo as in vitro annexin A5 might be involved in the regulation of early apoptotic events during cardiac pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Monceau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-689, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire INSERM-Lariboisière, Paris Cedex 10, France
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Abstract
The recognition that cardiac myocytes die by multiple mechanisms and thus substantially affect ventricular remodeling in diseased human hearts supports the concept of ongoing myocyte death in the progression of heart failure and constitutes the basis of this review. In addition, based on the pathophysiology of myocardial cell deaths, the present study emphasizes that currently methodologies, although with some inherent limitations, are available to recognize and measure quantitatively the contribution of myocyte cell death to the progression of the pathologic state of the heart. Our own studies show that application of such methodologies including modern microscopy techniques and the use of different molecular and immunohistochemical markers may generate the consensus that myocyte cell death is a quantifiable parameter in the normal and pathological human heart. The present study also demonstrates that myocyte cell death, apoptotic, oncotic or autophagic in nature, has to be regarded as an additional critical variable of the multifactorial events implicated in the alterations of cardiac anatomy and myocardial structure of the diseased human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Kostin
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Max-Planck Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Cederholm A, Frostegård J. Annexin A5 in cardiovascular disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology 2005; 210:761-8. [PMID: 16325495 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major cause of disease and death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), is an inflammatory disease characterized by T cell and monocyte/macrophage infiltration in the intima of large arteries. During recent years and with improved treatment of acute disease manifestations, it has become clear that the risk of CVD is very high in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often considered a prototypic autoimmune disease. A combination of traditional and non-traditional risk factors, including dyslipidemia, inflammation, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and lipid oxidation are related to CVD in SLE. aPL are highly thrombogenic, and possible mechanisms include direct effects of aPL on endothelial and other cells, and interference with coagulation reactions. More than a thousand proteins of the annexin-superfamily are expressed in eukaryotes. Annexins are ubiquitous, highly conserved, predominantly intracellular proteins, widely distributed in tissues. Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is an important member of the annexin family due to its antithrombotic properties. These are believed to be caused by it forming a two-dimensional protective shield, covering exposed potentially thrombogenic cell surfaces. Recently, ANXA5 has been implicated in SLE since aPL interfere with ANXA5 binding to placental trophoblasts, causing microthrombosis and miscarriage, a rather common complication in SLE. We recently demonstrated that ANXA5 may play a role in CVD and is abundant in late-stage atherosclerotic lesions. Sera from SLE-patients with a history of CVD inhibited ANXA5 binding to endothelium, caused by IgG antibodies, to a significant degree aPL. This review will focus on potential involvement of ANXA5 in pathogenesis of CVD, particularly caused by underlying atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cederholm
- Center for Infectious Medicine and Unit of Rheumatology, F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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van Tits L, de Graaf J, Toenhake H, van Heerde W, Stalenhoef A. C-Reactive Protein and Annexin A5 Bind to Distinct Sites of Negatively Charged Phospholipids Present in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:717-22. [PMID: 15692104 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000157979.51673.2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To investigate binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) and annexin A5, 2 proteins with high affinity for negatively charged phospholipids, to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the consequences of these interactions for subsequent binding of oxidized LDL to monocyte/macrophage-like U937 cells.
Methods and Results—
We found that CRP and annexin A5 at physiological concentrations bind Ca
++
dependently to oxidized phosphatidylcholine present in oxidized LDL but not to native LDL. Binding of CRP to oxidized LDL did not interfere with binding of annexin A5, and vice versa. In the presence of 2 to 10 mg/L CRP, binding of
125
I-labeled oxidized LDL to undifferentiated U937 cells increased 50% to 100%. This effect was independent of the presence of complement and could be inhibited by irrelevant IgG and by antibodies to CD64 but not by annexin A5. Annexin A5 alone had no effect on binding of oxidized LDL to the cells.
Conclusions—
These findings suggest that: (1) CRP and annexin A5 at physiological concentrations bind to distinct sites of negatively charged phospholipids present in oxidized LDL; (2) CRP enhances binding of oxidized LDL to monocytic/macrophage-like cells via Fcγ receptors; and (3) annexin A5 does not antagonize the CRP-induced enhanced binding of oxidized LDL to U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambertus van Tits
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen,The Netherlands.
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36
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López Salazar B, González Miqueo A, Laviades Álvarez C, Querejeta Iraola R, Díez Martíneza J. Avances en el diagnóstico de la cardiopatía hipertensiva. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1889-1837(05)71559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Gotoh M, Takamoto Y, Kurosaka K, Masuda J, Ida M, Satoh A, Takayama E, Kojima-Aikawa K, Kobayashi Y, Matsumoto I. Annexins I and IV inhibit Staphylococcus aureus attachment to human macrophages. Immunol Lett 2004; 98:297-302. [PMID: 15860231 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipids and carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner. They are present in a variety of body fluids. Previous studies have shown that annexins have anti-inflammatory activities for lipid A of Gram-negative bacteria. The present study investigated the effect of annexins on interaction between Gram-positive bacteria and immune cells such as macrophages. Annexins I and IV bound to lipoteichoic acids which are surface molecules on Gram-positive bacteria. Binding of annexins I and IV to whole Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were observed and these bindings were inhibited by lipoteichoic acid from S. aureus. Moreover, annexins I and IV suppressed the attachment of S. aureus to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated THP-1 cells (human macrophages). These results suggest that annexins I and IV have ligand specificities toward foreign substances, and that the annexins might have some anti-inflammatory property for Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gotoh
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Lahorte CMM, Vanderheyden JL, Steinmetz N, Van de Wiele C, Dierckx RA, Slegers G. Apoptosis-detecting radioligands: current state of the art and future perspectives. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31:887-919. [PMID: 15138718 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-004-1555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a critical and thorough overview of the radiopharmaceutical development and in vivo evaluation of all apoptosis-detecting radioligands that have emerged so far, along with their possible applications in nuclear medicine. The following SPECT and PET radioligands are discussed: all forms of halogenated Annexin V (i.e. (123)I-labelled, (124)I-labelled, (125)I-labelled, (18)F-labelled), (99m)Tc/(94m)Tc-labelled Annexin V derivatives using different chelators and co-ligands (i.e. BTAP, Hynic, iminothiolane, MAG(3), EDDA, EC, tricarbonyl, SDH) or direct (99m)Tc-labelling, (99m)Tc-labelled Annexin V mutants and (99m)Tc/(18)F-radiopeptide constructs (i.e. AFIM molecules), (111)In-DTPA-PEG-Annexin V, (11)C-Annexin V and (64)Cu-, (67)Ga- and (68)Ga-DOTA-Annexin V. In addition, the potential role and clinical relevance of anti-PS monoclonal antibodies and other alternative apoptosis markers are reviewed, including: anti-Annexin V monoclonal antibodies, radiolabelled caspase inhibitors and substrates and mitochondrial membrane permeability targeting radioligands. Nevertheless, major emphasis is placed on the group of Annexin V-based radioligands, in particular (99m)Tc-Hynic-Annexin V, since this molecule is by far the most extensively investigated and best-characterised apoptosis marker at present. Furthermore, the newly emerging imaging modalities for in vivo detection of programmed cell death, such as MRI, MRS, optical, bioluminescent and ultrasound imaging, are briefly described. Finally, some future perspectives are presented with the aim of promoting the development of potential new strategies in pursuit of the ideal cell death-detecting radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe M M Lahorte
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Boersma HH, Liem IH, Kemerink GJ, Thimister PWL, Hofstra L, Stolk LML, van Heerde WL, Pakbiers MTW, Janssen D, Beysens AJ, Reutelingsperger CPM, Heidendal GAK. Comparison between human pharmacokinetics and imaging properties of two conjugation methods for 99mTc-annexin A5. Br J Radiol 2003; 76:553-60. [PMID: 12893698 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/30385847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A5 (AnxA5) is a protein with high affinity for phosphatidyl serine, a phospholipid exposed on the cell surface during apoptosis. This phenomenon has been used for determination of cell death after myocardial infarction. To evaluate the potential of (99m)Tc-AnxA5 for in vivo scintigraphy of apoptotic cells, the pharmacokinetics and imaging properties of two radiopharmaceuticals, (99m)Tc-(n-1-imino-4-mercaptobutyl)-AnxA5 (I-AnxA5) and (99m)Tc-(4,5-bis(thioacetamido)pentanoyl)-AnxA5 (B-AnxA5), were studied. I-AnxA5 was administered intravenously to seven patients and one healthy volunteer, and B-AnxA5 was administered to 12 patients. All patients in the pharmacokinetic study had myocardial disease. Additionally, imaging was performed in a patient with acute myocardial infarction, as well as in three patients with different malignancies. The plasma concentration, excretion and biodistribution of (99m)Tc-AnxA5 were measured, as well as levels of AnxA5 antigen. The kinetic data of both radiopharmaceuticals in plasma fitted a two-compartment model. Both preparations had similar half-lives, but a different distribution over the two compartments. Plasma levels of AnxA5 antigen showed a broad variation. Both radiopharmaceuticals accumulated in the kidney, liver and gut. B-AnxA5 was excreted significantly faster than I-AnxA5. Both compounds can be used for imaging of the head/neck region, the thorax and the extremities. B-AnxA5 has a faster clearance and a lower radiation dose. Imaging of apoptosis in the abdomen will be difficult with both radiopharmaceuticals, and especially with B-AnxA5 because of its faster appearance in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, NL-6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Fortuño MA, González A, Ravassa S, López B, Díez J. Clinical implications of apoptosis in hypertensive heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 284:H1495-506. [PMID: 12679323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00025.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Matsuda R, Kaneko N, Kikuchi M, Chiwaki F, Toda M, Ieiri T, Horikawa Y, Shimizu M, Shimamoto K. Clinical significance of measurement of plasma annexin V concentration of patients in the emergency room. Resuscitation 2003; 57:171-7. [PMID: 12745185 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9572(03)00034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Annexin V, a calcium-binding protein, is widely present in various organs and tissues. In the present study, plasma annexin V concentration was measured in 158 patients who were brought to the emergency room, including 25 patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 14 with cerebrovascular disease, 11 with trauma of the extremities, 11 with severe trauma associated with visceral damage, and 35 with witnessed cardiac arrest. Annexin V concentration in normal healthy individuals (n=110) was 1.9+/-0.7 ng/ml. Annexin V concentration in AMI and cardiac arrest patients was 11.0+/-4.9 and 15.3+/-7.9 ng/ml, respectively, being significantly higher than that in patients with cerebrovascular disease (5.4+/-2.7 ng/ml). The value in severe trauma patients was 15.9+/-9.4 ng/ml, being significantly higher than that in patients with trauma of the extremities (5.6+/-1.2 ng/ml). Annexin V concentrations in the cardiac arrest and AMI patients who survived more than 24 h after admission were lower than those in patients who died within 24 h after the onset of symptoms. Annexin V content in the lungs and myocardium in normal rats was extremely high in comparison to that in brain and skeletal muscle. These results suggest that the high levels of plasma annexin V in patients with AMI, cardiac arrest and severe trauma reflect the severity of damage of the myocardium and/or other visceral organs, and measurement of plasma annexin V concentration may help to assess the prognosis of patients brought to the emergency room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuko Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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Flotats A, Carrió I. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of myocardial apoptosis and necrosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30:615-30. [PMID: 12638039 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-003-1136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial necrosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders and can result from different myocardial insults. Its non-invasive identification and localisation therefore may help in the diagnosis of these disorders, as well as in prognosis and assessment of treatment response. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is important in the spectrum of myocardial damage since it is gradually becoming more apparent that cell death may begin as apoptosis and not as necrosis. First attempts to directly visualise the area of myocardial necrosis were based on recognition of myocardial infarction with "hot spot imaging agents" in patients with chest pain. Since then, the study of myocardial necrosis with gamma imaging agents has gone beyond the detection of myocardial infarction, and attempts have been made to diagnose other cardiovascular disorders associated with cardiac cell death such as heart transplant rejection, myocarditis, cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathies. Traditionally, two hot spot imaging agents have been used for the detection of myocardial necrosis, (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate and (111)In-antimyosin. In addition, preliminary studies have demonstrated promising results with (99m)Tc-glucarate. Recently, (99m)Tc-annexin V has been successfully used for non-invasive gamma imaging of apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction, acute myocardial ischaemia, acute cardiac allograft rejection and malignant intracardiac tumours. This review article focusses on the characteristics of these different myocardial necrotic and apoptotic markers and compares their role in the assessment of myocardial damage.
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Roldán V, Marín F, Pineda J, Marco P, Corral J, Climent V, García A, Martínez JG, Sogorb F. [Annexin V levels in survivors of early myocardial infarction]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2002; 55:1230-4. [PMID: 12459071 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(02)76794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Annexin V has an anticoagulant effect in vitro that derives from its ability to displace coagulation proteins from phospholipid surfaces, prolonging phospholipid-dependent coagulation reactions. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) and annexin V have an affinity for anionic phospholipids, so it has been hypothesized that one of the thrombotic mechanisms of APL may be due to displacement of annexin V from phospholipid surfaces. We studied plasma annexin V levels and analyzed its relationship to risk factors and several blood markers. PATIENTS AND METHOD We studied 62 patients < 45 years old who had suffered myocardial infarction. The control group comprised 23 healthy subjects of similar age and sex. We analyzed the presence of APL, anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI), anti-beta2-GPI/phospholipid complexes and anti-annexin V antibodies. We determined plasma annexin V levels. Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, antigenic tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen levels were measured. RESULTS We detected only 2 patients with positive anti-beta2-GPI/phospholipid complexes and 2 patients with positive anti-annexin V antibodies. We did not detect any positive APL or anti-beta2-GPI antibodies. In the control group there was only 1 patient with positive APL and anti-beta2-GPI antibodies. The myocardial infarction group showed significantly lower levels of annexin V than the control group: 0.640 ng/ml (0.520-0.818 ng/ml) vs 1.570 ng/ml (1.140-2.390 ng/ml), p < 0.01. There were no statistical associations between annexin V levels and other variables. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of annexin V in young myocardial infarction patients could indicate a procoagulant trend. This hypercoagulable state was unrelated to the presence of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Roldán
- Unidad de Hematología. Hospital de San Vicente. Alicante. Spain
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44
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Abstract
Annexin V is an intracellular protein that lacks a hydrophobic signal peptide. However, there are several studies reporting the extracellular presence of annexin V. In this study, we designed transgenes of annexin V with or without an attached secretory signal peptide and investigated the secretion of the transgene products in COS-7 cells. The signal peptide, targeted annexin V to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi and culture media of transfected cells. In contrast, without the signal peptide, annexin V was present only in the cytoplasm and was not detected in the medium. To confirm our results we also evaluated the presence of extracellular annexin V in two cultured cell lines: BeWo, a choriocarcinoma cell model of placental trophoblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our results showed that annexin V was immunolocalized on the surfaces of both cells but could not be detected in the culture medium of either cell type. Our results suggest that the secretion of annexin V required the recombinant addition of a hydrophobic signal peptide and that the limited quantities of endogenous cell surface annexin V on BeWo and HUVEC cells is most likely derived from adjacent damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0576, USA
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45
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Suzuki K, Satoh A, Hidaka T, Takayama E, Kataharada K, Matsumoto M, Shinohara T, Matsumoto I, Ohsuzu F. Adsorption of anti-annexin V using dextran sulfate bound cellulose beads. J Clin Apher 2001; 15:262-5. [PMID: 11124695 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1101(2000)15:4<262::aid-jca8>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anti-annexin V (Anx V) antibodies are detected in SLE patients and patients with habitual fetal loss or preeclampsia. Several case reports have indicated that recurrent abortion based on antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) could be successfully treated with immunoadsorption by using dextran sulfate (DS) columns. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether or not anti-Anx V is also adsorbed by DS-bound cellulose beads. Sera from anti-Anx V-positive patients were mixed with DS-bound cellulose beads in vitro, and the titers of anti-Anx V were measured both before and after incubation. The anti-Anx V titers significantly decreased after incubation. The Anx V also bound to bovine serum albumin-conjugated DS immobilized on microtiter plates. The results of the present study lend support to the basic rationale for immunoadsorption therapy using DS columns in the treatment of habitual abortion closely associated with anti-Anx V antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Internal Medicine I, National Defense Medical College, Namiki, Saitama, Japan.
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46
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Abstract
Apoptosis consists of a complex set of biochemical events initiated by an array of different stimuli and enzymatic pathways. There is a set of common morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis that could be exploited as hot or cold targets to image cardiovascular apoptosis. First, the authors review the potential array of targets that can be used to identify apoptosis. Then, the authors examine the history and current status of radiolabeled annexin V, the agent currently used to image apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Blankenberg
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
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47
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Matsuda R, Kaneko N, Horikawa Y, Chiwaki F, Shinozaki M, Ieiri T, Suzuki T, Ogawa N. Localization of annexin V in rat normal kidney and experimental glomerulonephritis. RESEARCH IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE EXPERIMENTELLE MEDIZIN EINSCHLIESSLICH EXPERIMENTELLER CHIRURGIE 2001; 200:77-92. [PMID: 11271515 DOI: 10.1007/bf03220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The localization of annexin V, a calcium binding protein, was immunochemically and immunohistologically studied in experimental rat glomerulonephritis using annexin V polyclonal antibody. Plasma and urinary annexin V levels were measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary annexin V level, which was correlated with urinary L-lactate dehydrogenase activity, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and protein level, increased time-dependently after the injection of nephritogenic antigen (bovine glomerular basement membrane), progressively increasing to attain a peak level at 4 weeks of 51.5 +/- 11.3 ng/h. However, plasma annexin V level showed no increase during the study period. Normal kidneys showed strong staining for annexin V in distal tubules, being particularly strong in tubules of the inner stripe of the outer medulla, but could not be detected in proximal tubules. Annexin V was seen in visceral epithelial cells. Bowman's capsule of the glomerulus, the vascular endothelium of arterioles and interlobular arteries, and vascular smooth muscle. In nephritis, the lumen of distal tubules and the luminal cell membrane were deeply stained, with leakage of annexin V being observed from tubular cells. In the present study, renal annexin V was markedly excreted into urine, and its urinary level reflected the severity of damage of renal tissue and the progression of nephritis. These changes of annexin V in the distal tubule and visceral epithelial cells may be of significance in cell injury of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsuda
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
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D'Amico M, Di Filippo C, La M, Solito E, McLean PG, Flower RJ, Oliani SM, Perretti M. Lipocortin 1 reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by affecting local leukocyte recruitment. FASEB J 2000; 14:1867-9. [PMID: 11023969 DOI: 10.1096/fj.99-0602fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed here the effect of the glucocorticoid-regulated protein lipocortin 1 (LC1) in a model of rat myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Treatment of animals with human recombinant LC1 at the end of a 25-min ischemic period significantly reduced the extent of infarct size in the area at risk as measured 2 h later, with approximately 50% inhibition at the highest dose tested of 50 microg per rat (equivalent to 5.4 nmol/kg). The protective effect of LC1 was abolished by protein denaturation and not mimicked by the structurally related protein annexin V. A combination of electron and light microscopy techniques demonstrated the occurrence of the myocardial damage at the end of the reperfusion period, with loss of fiber organization. LC1 provided a partial and visible protection. The dose-dependent protection afforded by LC1 was paralleled by lower values of myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor a, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a. The functional link between migrated leukocytes and the myocardial damage was confirmed by electron and light microscopy, and a significantly lower number of extravasated leukocytes was counted in the group of rats treated with LC1 (50 microg). In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that LC1 reduces the leukocyte-dependent myocardial damage associated with an ischemia-reperfusion procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Amico
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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49
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Matsuda R, Kaneko N, Horikawa Y, Chiwaki F, Shinozaki M, Abe S, Yumura W, Nihei H, Ieiri T. Measurement of urinary annexin V by ELISA and its significance as a new urinary-marker of kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2000; 298:29-43. [PMID: 10876002 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To confirm the significance of excretion of annexin V into the urine and the change of urinary annexin V concentration in kidney disease, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using two monoclonal antibodies. Urinary annexin V concentration was measured in healthy individuals and patients with kidney and other diseases. Urinary annexin V did not change over a range of pH between 5.0 and 8.0, and was stable during the course of the study for 24 h at room temperature and for 8 days at 4 degrees C. The mean urinary annexin V concentration in 105 normal healthy individuals was 1.5+/-1.5 ng/ml, while that in patients with nephrotic syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) nephritis was 9.3+/-9.1 and 6.6+/-6.7 ng/ml, respectively, and that in IgA nephropathy and chronic renal failure was 2.6+/-2.1 and 1.3+/-0.7 ng/ml, respectively. Annexin level correlated with urinary protein concentration (r=0. 717), but not the serum creatinine concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24-h creatinine clearance. Mean urinary annexin V concentration in patients with ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus was 1.4+/-1.0, 1.4+/-1.1, and 1.7+/-1.3 ng/ml, respectively. In one case of relapsing nephrotic syndrome, the urinary annexin V concentration was markedly increased in the early phase after admission and then decreased. This patient later required hemodialysis. These results suggest that a high urinary annexin V concentration may be an indicator of acute renal injury related to the urinary protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsuda
- Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Strauss
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94306, USA
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