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Hu Y, Li H, Zhou C, Liu Y, Ma Z. Effects of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on aggressive behavior in juvenile pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:197-204. [PMID: 34904727 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Severe aggressive behavior of juvenile pufferfish affects economic efficiency and fish welfare in aquaculture. 5-HT plays an important role in regulating the aggressive behavior of fish in aquaculture environment. This study examined the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg) of 8-OH-DPAT, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, on the aggressive behavior of juvenile pufferfish. Forty-five minutes after drug injection, the aggressive behavior of juvenile fish was recorded for 20 min, including the latency to the first attack and the frequency of aggressive behaviors. The results showed no significant differences in the latency to the first attack of juvenile fish among treatment groups. During the first 10 min of the observation period, there was no significant difference in the total aggressive acts and locomotor activity among treatment groups. Total aggressive acts and locomotor activity were the least in the 1 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT-treated during the 20 min observation period. Both aggressive behavior and locomotor activity were negatively correlated with 8-OH-DPAT treatment overall, respectively. The above results suggested that the serotonergic system activation had suppressive effects on aggressive behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile pufferfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University Dalian China
| | - Haixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University Dalian China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University Dalian China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University Dalian China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University Dalian China
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2
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Ikegami T, Takemura A, Choi E, Suda A, Tomonaga S, Badruzzaman M, Furuse M. Increase in telencephalic dopamine and cerebellar norepinephrine contents by hydrostatic pressure in goldfish: the possible involvement in hydrostatic pressure-related locomotion. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1105-1115. [PMID: 25975379 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish are faced with a wide range of hydrostatic pressure (HP) in their natural habitats. Additionally, freshwater fish are occasionally exposed to rapid changes in HP due to heavy rainfall, flood and/or dam release. Accordingly, variations in HP are one of the most important environmental cues for fish. However, little information is available on how HP information is perceived and transmitted in the central nervous system of fish. The present study examined the effect of HP (water depth of 1.3 m) on the quantities of monoamines and their metabolites in the telencephalon, optic tectum, diencephalon, cerebellum (including partial mesencephalon) and vagal lobe (including medulla oblongata) of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, using high-performance liquid chromatography. HP affected monoamine and metabolite contents in restricted brain regions, including the telencephalon, cerebellum and vagal lobe. In particular, HP significantly increased the levels of dopamine (DA) in the telencephalon at 15 min and that of norepinephrine (NE) in the cerebellum at 30 min. In addition, HP also significantly increased locomotor activity at 15 and 30 min after HP treatment. It is possible that HP indirectly induces locomotion in goldfish via telencephalic DA and cerebellar NE neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ikegami
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Eunjung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Nutritional Science for Animals, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Muhammad Badruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A, Chaves-Pozo E, Meseguer J. Influence of melatonin on the immune system of fish: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7979-99. [PMID: 23579958 PMCID: PMC3645727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-immune system interactions have been widely demonstrated in mammals, whereas in fish, these relationships remain unclear. Of the organs that constitute the endocrine system, the pineal gland and its secretory product melatonin act in the synchronization of daily and seasonal rhythms in most vertebrates, including fish. Seasonal differences in immunocompetence and disease prevalence have been well documented in humans. Seasonality also strongly influences the life history of fish by controlling the timing of physiological events, such as reproduction, food intake, locomotor activity, and growth performance. Apart from its synchronizing capabilities, the role of melatonin in physiological processes in fish is not thoroughly understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize current studies on the effects of melatonin on the fish immune system. These studies suggest that melatonin represents an important component of fish endocrine-immune system interactions. The elucidation of the defense mechanisms of fish will facilitate the development of health management tools to support the growing finfish aquaculture industry as well as address questions concerning the origins and evolution of the immune system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, International Excellence Campus, “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (J.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-868-887-665; Fax: +34-868-883-963
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, International Excellence Campus, “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Marine Culture Plant of Mazarrón, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Azohía Street, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, International Excellence Campus, “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (J.M.)
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4
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Shaw JC, Korzan WJ, Carpenter RE, Kuris AM, Lafferty KD, Summers CH, Øverli Ø. Parasite manipulation of brain monoamines in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) by the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:1137-46. [PMID: 19129105 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) infected with the brain-encysting trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis display conspicuous swimming behaviours rendering them more susceptible to predation by avian final hosts. Heavily infected killifish grow and reproduce normally, despite having thousands of cysts inside their braincases. This suggests that E. californiensis affects only specific locomotory behaviours. We hypothesised that changes in the serotonin and dopamine metabolism, essential for controlling locomotion and arousal may underlie this behaviour modification. We employed micropunch dissection and HPLC to analyse monoamine and monoamine metabolite concentrations in the brain regions of uninfected and experimentally infected fish. The parasites exerted density-dependent changes in monoaminergic activity distinct from those exhibited by fish subjected to stress. Specifically, E. californiensis inhibited a normally occurring, stress-induced elevation of serotonergic metabolism in the raphae nuclei. This effect was particularly evident in the experimentally infected fish, whose low-density infections were concentrated on the brainstem. Furthermore, high E. californiensis density was associated with increased dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus and decreased serotonergic activity in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the altered monoaminergic metabolism may explain behavioural differences leading to increased predation of the infected killifish by their final host predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-7130, USA.
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Clements S, Schreck CB. Chronic administration of fluoxetine alters locomotor behavior, but does not potentiate the locomotor stimulating effects of CRH in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:43-9. [PMID: 17303457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated: 1) the behavioral effects of chronic administration of a serotonin uptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) in juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and, 2) whether chronic administration of fluoxetine alters the behavioral effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Chronic (20 day) treatment with fluoxetine decreased locomotor activity when compared to fish given long-term injections of saline. An intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of CRH had no effect on locomotor activity following a 20 day intraperitoneal treatment with either saline or fluoxetine. Chronic treatment with fluoxetine also increased the amount of time fish spent near the center of the tank. A similar increase was seen in fish given a chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) series of saline followed by an acute i.c.v. injection of CRH. However, the effect was not additive when fish were given chronic i.p. injections of fluoxetine followed by an acute i.c.v. injection of CRH. These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the serotonergic system is involved in mediating locomotor activity and habitat choice in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clements
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA.
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6
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Handy RD. Chronic effects of copper exposure versus endocrine toxicity: two sides of the same toxicological process? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2003; 135:25-38. [PMID: 12727547 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(03)00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sub-lethal exposure to copper (Cu) causes a series of cellular and physiological changes in fish that enable the animal to survive. Copper is also an endocrine disrupting metal in the aquatic environment, and has a number of normal neuro-endocrine roles in vertebrates. This paper explores whether the chronic effects of Cu exposure can be explained by the effects of Cu on neuro-endocrine functions in fish. Chronic Cu exposure involves complex physiological adjustments in many body systems, including increased oxygen consumption, reduced mean swimming speed, up-regulation of ionic regulation, decreasing lymphocyte levels and increasing neutrophils, altered immunity, modulation of Cu-dependent and independent enzyme activities, and proliferation of epithelial cells in gills or intestine. These responses can occur with exposure via the food or the water and can be rationalised into three major categories: (1) up-regulation of enzymes/metabolism (2) altered haematopoietic responses and (3) altered cellularity (cell type, turnover or size) in tissues. Some of these responses can be explained by stimulation of general stress responses, including the adrenergic response and stimulated cortisol release via the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis. This can occur despite evidence of vacuolation and foci of necrosis in the brain, and increased macrophage activity, in the kidney of fish exposed to dietary Cu. In addition to generic stress responses, Cu regulates specific neuro-endocrine functions, including the loss of circadian rhythm during dietary Cu exposure that involves the failure to respond to circulating melatonin and a loss of circulating serotonin. We conclude that the chronic physiological effects of Cu and apparent endocrine disrupting effects of Cu are two sides of the same toxicological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Handy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Clements S, Moore FL, Schreck CB. Evidence that acute serotonergic activation potentiates the locomotor-stimulating effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Horm Behav 2003; 43:214-21. [PMID: 12614652 DOI: 10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the serotonergic system is involved in mediating the behavioral effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CRH induced hyperactivity. The effect of CRH was potentiated in a dose-dependent manner by the concurrent administration of the serotonin (5-HT) selective reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. However, administration of fluoxetine alone had no effect on locomotor activity, suggesting that the locomotor-stimulating effect of CRH is mediated by the activation of the serotonergic system. Conversely, ICV injections of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist NAN-190 attenuated the effect of CRH on locomotor activity when given in combination with CRH but had no effect when administered alone. These results provide the first evidence to support the hypothesis that the effect of CRH on locomotor activity in teleosts is mediated by activating the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Clements
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, and USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA.
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8
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Zhou T, Rademacher DJ, Steinpreis RE, Weis JS. Neurotransmitter levels in two populations of larval Fundulus heteroclitus after methylmercury exposure. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART C, PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY 1999; 124:287-94. [PMID: 10661721 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on neurotransmitter (NT) levels in larval mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) obtained from a mercury-polluted site (Piles Creek (PC), NJ) and a reference site (Tuckerton (TK), NJ) were examined. Population differences between PC and TK larvae in neurochemical composition and in neurochemical changes in response to MeHg intoxication were found. Heads of untreated PC larvae (7 days posthatch (dph)) contained considerably higher levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) than TK. However, they had comparable levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and 5-hyroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-HT ratios. Changes in NTs with age were noticed, especially in PC larvae. Exposure of larvae to 10 microg/l MeHg induced neurochemical alterations. A significant increase in DA and 5-HT, as well as depressed dopaminergic and serotonergic activity (i.e. decreased DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios) were seen in TK larvae. Exposure of PC larvae to 10 microg/l MeHg reduced 5-HT at 14 dph, increased serotonergic activity at 7 dph, and altered dopaminergic activity (i.e. increased DOPAC/DA ratios, but decreased HVA/DA ratios). Changes in DA levels were inconsistent over time. The DA level, which was considerably higher than the control at 7 dph, was significantly lower than the control at 14 dph. For the two populations, the level of 5-HT and serotonergic activity, as well as DOPAC and HVA levels, were correlated with previously noted spontaneous activity. The changes in NT levels after exposure to MeHg are an indication of neurological dysfunction in larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
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9
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Ekström P. Developmental changes in the brain-stem serotonergic nuclei of teleost fish and neural plasticity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1994; 14:381-93. [PMID: 7788645 DOI: 10.1007/bf02088718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. During early ontogeny, the serotonergic neurons in the brain stem of the three-spined stickleback shows a temporal and spatial developmental pattern that closely resembles that of amniotes. 2. However, in the adult fish, only the midline nuclei of the rostral group (dorsal and median raphe nuclei) and the dorsal lateral tegmental nucleus are consistently serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HTir), whereas the groups of the upper and lower rhombencephalon (raphe pontis, raphe magnus, and raphe pallidus/obscurus nuclei) are variable and, when present, contain relatively small numbers of 5-HTir neurons. 3. Using specific antisera against tryptophan 5-hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, we have shown that the lateral B9 group and the groups of the upper and lower rhombencephalon are consistently present in adult sticklebacks. The results are discussed in relation to other known instances of neurotransmitter plasticity or transient neurotransmitter expression in teleost fish. 4. While there are several instances of transient expression of neurotransmitter markers by discrete neuronal populations, there is so far no evidence of changes from one neurotransmitter phenotype to another in the brain of teleost fish. However, there are indications of plasticity of expression of catecholamines and indoleamines, and their respective synthesizing enzymes, as reflected in age-dependent changes and variation between individuals of different physiological status. 5. As the brain grows continuously in teleost fish, and new neurons are added from proliferative regions, synaptic connections may be expected to undergo remodeling in all brain regions throughout life. Thus, the teleostean brain may be considered a suitable model for experimental studies of different aspects of neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ekström
- Department of Zoology, University of Lund, Sweden
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10
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Winberg S, Nilsson GE. Roles of brain monoamine neurotransmitters in agonistic behaviour and stress reactions, with particular reference to fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Nilsson GE. Regional distribution of monoamines and monoamine metabolites in the brain of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(89)90170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Pouliot T, de la Noüe J, Roberge AG. Influence of diet and hypoxia on brain serotonin and catecholamines in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1988; 89:57-64. [PMID: 2449996 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(88)90145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. In the brain of Salmo gairdneri, the content of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) depends upon the location in the brain (hypothalamus, telencephalon or mesencephalon). 2. The origin of feed protein (from animal or vegetal origin) influences the level of the various monoamines studied in different brain structures. 3. Hypoxia (60% oxygen saturation in water) causes modifications of 5-HT and catecholamine (DA, NE) contents in different brain structures, depending upon the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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13
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Lenke R. Hormonal control of sleep-appetitive behaviour and diurnal activity rhythms in the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (Labridae, Teleostei). Behav Brain Res 1988; 27:73-85. [PMID: 2963649 DOI: 10.1016/0166-4328(88)90110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In its natural environment the cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, possesses a hiding place in the reef, where it disappears every night. In my experiments, the Labroides was offered a specific sleeping cave in tanks. Photocells at the entrance to each cave, connected to a printer, counted the sleep-appetitive behaviour (SAB), viz. the investigation of the sleeping-place. Untreated animals visited the cave 45.6 times within 90 min prior to darkness. The swimming activity, which was measured 3 times daily, declined in the course of the light period. During the night the animals are totally motionless. Four substances which are involved in the sleep-influencing processes in mammals were tested. Injection of the neurotransmitter serotonin (0.05-0.5 micrograms/g b.wt. 5-HT) resulted in a decrease of swimming activity and SAB; the 5-HT blocking substance p-chlorophenylalanine (1-8 micrograms/g b.wt. PCPA) intensified this activity and suppressed SAB only in a concentration-range of 10 and 12 micrograms/g b.wt. In addition, the neuromodulatory properties of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) were investigated. It is noteworthy to mention that VIP (1-1.5 micrograms/g b.wt.) lead to an remarkable increase, and AVT (0.5-4 micrograms/g b.wt.) to a significant reduction of the SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lenke
- Arbeitskreis hormonale und neurale Regulation, Fachbereich Biologie der J.W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, F.R.G
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14
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Olcese J, Darr C, Demuri B, Hall T, de Vlaming V. Photoperiod effects on hypothalamic serotonergic activity in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(80)90179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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le Bras YM. Circadian rhythm in brain catecholamine concentrations in the teleost: Anguilla anguilla L. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1979; 62C:115-7. [PMID: 38036 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(79)90109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Delahunty G, Olcese J, Prack M, Jo Vodicnik M, Schreck CB, de Vlaming V. Diurnal variations in the physiology of the goldfish,Carassius auratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1080/09291017809359626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Sauerbier I, Meyer W. Circadian rhythms in catecholamine concentrations in organs of the common goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 57:117-20. [PMID: 20264 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(77)90055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Fingerman SW. Circadian rhythms of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and swimming activity in the teleost, Fundulus grandis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1976; 54:49-53. [PMID: 6207 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(76)90024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Ueck M. Fluoreszenzmikroskopische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Pinealorgan verschiedener Vogelarten. Cell Tissue Res 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00307048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Hafeez M. Effect of melatonin on body coloration and spontaneous swimming activity in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(70)90523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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