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Guo F, Zhang P, Do V, Runge J, Zhang K, Han Z, Deng S, Lin H, Ali ST, Chen R, Guo Y, Tian L. Ozone as an environmental driver of influenza. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3763. [PMID: 38704386 PMCID: PMC11069565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Under long-standing threat of seasonal influenza outbreaks, it remains imperative to understand the drivers of influenza dynamics which can guide mitigation measures. While the role of absolute humidity and temperature is extensively studied, the possibility of ambient ozone (O3) as an environmental driver of influenza has received scant attention. Here, using state-level data in the USA during 2010-2015, we examined such research hypothesis. For rigorous causal inference by evidence triangulation, we applied 3 distinct methods for data analysis: Convergent Cross Mapping from state-space reconstruction theory, Peter-Clark-momentary-conditional-independence plus as graphical modeling algorithms, and regression-based Generalised Linear Model. The negative impact of ambient O3 on influenza activity at 1-week lag is consistently demonstrated by those 3 methods. With O3 commonly known as air pollutant, the novel findings here on the inhibition effect of O3 on influenza activity warrant further investigations to inform environmental management and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Vivian Do
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jakob Runge
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Datenwissenschaften, Jena, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Machine Learning Department, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zheshen Han
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shenxi Deng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hongli Lin
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sheikh Taslim Ali
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ruchong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Cai Y, Zhao Y, Yadav AK, Ji B, Kang P, Wei T. Ozone based inactivation and disinfection in the pandemic time and beyond: Taking forward what has been learned and best practice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160711. [PMID: 36496014 PMCID: PMC9727960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale global COVID-19 has a profound impact on human society. Timely and effectively blocking the virus spread is the key to controlling the pandemic growth. Ozone-based inactivation and disinfection techniques have been shown to effectively kill SARS-CoV-2 in water, aerosols and on solid surface. However, the lack of an unified information and discussion on ozone-based inactivation and disinfection in current and previous pandemics and the absence of consensus on the main mechanisms by which ozone-based inactivation of pandemic causing viruses have hindered the possibility of establishing a common basis for identifying best practices in the utilization of ozone technology. This article reviews the research status of ozone (O3) disinfection on pandemic viruses (especially SARS-CoV-2). Taking sterilization kinetics as the starting point while followed by distinguishing the pandemic viruses by enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, this review focuses on analyzing the scope of application of the sterilization model and the influencing factors from the experimental studies and data induction. It is expected that the review could provide an useful reference for the safe and effective O3 utilization of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Asheesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Peiying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Bayarri B, Cruz-Alcalde A, López-Vinent N, Micó MM, Sans C. Can ozone inactivate SARS-CoV-2? A review of mechanisms and performance on viruses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125658. [PMID: 33752085 PMCID: PMC7955572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has challenged societies around the globe. Technologies based on ozone, a powerful oxidant, have been evaluated to inactivate this virus in aerosols and fomites. However, the high data diversity hinders the possibility of establishing a common ground for determining best practices for the use of these technologies. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding which are the main mechanisms of ozone virus inactivation. This critical review examined the most relevant information available regarding ozone application in gas-phase for different viruses inactivation (including recent publications dealing with SARS-CoV-2), and pointed towards envelope alteration as the main reaction pathway for enveloped viruses, such as is the case of SARS-CoV-2. It could also be concluded that gaseous ozone can be indeed an effective disinfectant, successfully inactivating viruses such us influenza A H1N1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 or even SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols or fomites. In reviewed works, low ozone exposures, just around 0.1-0.4 mg L-1 min, achieve about 4 log10 of inactivation in aerosols, while exposures between 1 and 4 mg L-1 min may be needed to guarantee an inactivation of 3-4 log10 in different fomites. Although further studies are required, ozone is an effective candidate to be used against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses in surfaces and indoor locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardí Bayarri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María M Micó
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Sciorsci RL, Lillo E, Occhiogrosso L, Rizzo A. Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: A review. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:240-246. [PMID: 32234614 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a triatomic form of oxygen. As O3 rapidly dissociates into water and releases a reactive form of oxygen that may oxidize cells, the gas mixture of O3/O2 is used in medicine. ATP is widely available for cellular activity. O3 can be administered via the systemic and local routes. Although O3 is known as one of the most powerful oxidants, it also promotes antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it stimulates some of the cells of the immune system and inactivates pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and viruses. Owing to these activities, O3 is used to improve several diseases, both in human and in veterinary medicine. Considering the wide scope of O3 application, the aim of this review was to reiterate the mechanisms of action of O3 and its utilization in different mammalian species (bovine, ovine-caprine, equine, canine, porcine).
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Sciorsci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - E Lillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - L Occhiogrosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Coe EC. Gas-Phase Ozone: Assessment of Biocidal Properties for the Indoor Environment—A Critical Review. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153567600300800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang Q, Liu B, Liu Y, Cai X, Liu X, Dai R. Removal and inactivation of virus by drinking water treatment in the presence of bromide or iodide. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x15020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DOSTI BILAL, GUZEL-SEYDIM ZEYNEP, GREENE ANNELK. Effectiveness of ozone, heat and chlorine for destroying common food spoilage bacteria in synthetic media and biofilms+. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2005.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The nebulization technique reported here could be used to inactivate viruses with ozone in large volumes of body fluids, such as plasma, partial blood and perhaps whole blood in a short time. Coliphage MS2 was used as a model because it is safe, easy to handle and more resistant to chemical disinfections than viruses such as HIV. The theoretical curves and experimental points, describing ozone inactivation of MS2, form a semi-sigmoid of congruent data. There was a > 7log10 reduction in MS2 viability and the possibilities of minimizing the ozone concentration required to kill viruses are indicated. The analysis was expanded to account for the interaction of ozone with a virus suspension in the shape of a thin film from the experimental findings of Bolton et al. We again find a semi-sigmoid of congruent data for their case, i.e. describing ozone inactivation of the influenza A virus (WSN strain) and the vesicular stomatitis virus versus time. For the method of nebulization, the exposure time of droplets with ozone is a few seconds, whereas for the thin film method the exposure time is measured in hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kekez
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Mudd JB, Dawson PJ, Santrock J. Ozone does not react with human erythrocyte membrane lipids. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 341:251-8. [PMID: 9169012 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.9971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone was applied to sealed red cell ghost membranes at the rate of 95 nmol/min for periods up to 20 min. Acetylcholine esterase, on the outer face of the membrane, was inhibited up to 20%. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, on the inner surface of the membrane, was inhibited up to 87%. These differences reflected the inherent susceptibilities of the two enzymes and the presence or absence of the membrane barrier. Analysis of the total lipids of the ozone-treated ghosts showed no significant change in the distribution of lipid classes and no significant change in the fatty acid composition. There was no significant change in the fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine fraction. There was a slight increase in 18:0 and 20:2 + 20:3 in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction. There was no change in the molecular species distribution of the phosphatidylcholine or the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction. There was no evidence for the formation of the phospholipid ozonolysis product, 1-acyl-2-(9-oxo-nonanyl) derivatives of glyceryl-phosphoryl choline. There was no decline in the amount of cholesterol in the lipids derived from ozone-treated red cell membranes. Treatment of red cell ghost membranes and, by implication, the plasma membrane of cells by ozone therefore oxidizes peripheral proteins before it oxidizes lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Mudd
- Department of Botany, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA
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Abstract
The inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytotoxic properties of ozone-treated serum and serum-supplemented media were examined. The titer of HIV suspensions in human serum was reduced in a dose-dependent manner when treated with total reacted ozone concentrations at a range of 0.5 to 3.5 micrograms/ml-1. Complete inactivation of HIV suspensions was achieved by 4.0 micrograms/ml-1 of ozone in the presence or absence of H-9 cells. In contrast, cellular metabolism, as measured by MTT dye cleavage, and DNA replication, as measured by BUdR incorporation, were enhanced in H-9 cells grown in media treated with quantities of ozone that completely inactivate HIV. The permissively HIV-infected cell line HXB/H-9 was cultured in ozone-treated media for six days with culture supernatants being sampled and assayed on alternate days for HIV p24 core protein. HIV p24 was reduced in all treated cultures compared to control cultures, with an average reduction of 46% [p24].
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Carpendale
- Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94121
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Wolcott JA, Zee YC, Osebold JW. Exposure to ozone reduces influenza disease severity and alters distribution of influenza viral antigens in murine lungs. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982; 44:723-31. [PMID: 6182839 PMCID: PMC242082 DOI: 10.1128/aem.44.3.723-731.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient levels of ozone (0.5 ppm) was shown to alter the pathogenesis of respiratory infection after aerosol infection of mice with influenza A virus. A semiquantitative method for determination of the sites of virus replication by direct immunofluorescence indicated that exposure to ozone reduced the involvement of respiratory epithelium in the infectious process and resulted in a less widespread infection of the alveolar parenchyma. Furthermore, the ozone-mediated alteration in viral antigen distribution was consistent with significantly reduced influenza disease mortality and prolonged survival time, but only when the oxidant was present during the course of infection. Reduced disease severity in ozone-exposed animals appeared to be independent of peak pulmonary virus titers, pulmonary interferon titers, and pulmonary and serum-neutralizing antibody titers. These studies suggested that the distribution of influenza virus in the murine lung was a key factor in disease severity.
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