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Wieczorek P, Czekaj P, Król M, Bogunia E, Hermyt M, Kolanko E, Toczek J, Skubis-Sikora A, Grajoszek A, Stojko R. Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Routes of Administration of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells in Cell Therapy of Acute Hepatic Insufficiency. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:476. [PMID: 38675436 PMCID: PMC11054846 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The route of administration of implanted cells may affect the outcome of cell therapy by directing cell migration to the damaged site. However, the question of the relationship between the route of administration, the efficacy of colonisation of a given organ, and the efficacy of cell therapy has not been resolved. The aim of the study was to localise transplanted intravenously and intraperitoneally human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) in the tissues of mice, both healthy and injured, in an animal experimental model of acute liver failure (ALF). Mice intoxicated with D-Galactosamine (D-GalN) at a dose of 150 mg/100 g body weight received D-GalN alone or with a single dose of hAECs administered by different routes. Subsequently, at 6, 24, and 72 h after D-GaIN administration and at 3, 21, and 69 h after hAEC administration, lungs, spleen, liver, and blood were collected from recipient mice. The degree of liver damage and regeneration was assessed based on biochemical blood parameters, histopathological evaluation (H&E staining), and immunodetection of proliferating (Ki67+) and apoptotic (Casp+) cells. The biodistribution of the administered cells was based on immunohistochemistry and the identification of human DNA. It has been shown that after intravenous administration, in both healthy and intoxicated mice, most of the transplanted hAECs were found in the lungs, while after intraperitoneal administration, they were found in the liver. We concluded that a large number of hAECs implanted in the lungs following intravenous administration can exert a therapeutic effect on the damaged liver, while the regenerative effect of intraperitoneally injected hAECs on the liver was very limited due to the relatively lower efficiency of cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Wieczorek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Mateusz Król
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Edyta Bogunia
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Mateusz Hermyt
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Emanuel Kolanko
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Markiefki 87 St., 40-211 Katowice, Poland; (J.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Skubis-Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Aniela Grajoszek
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 4 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Rafał Stojko
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Markiefki 87 St., 40-211 Katowice, Poland; (J.T.); (R.S.)
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Yuan C, Fan J, Jiang L, Ye W, Chen Z, Wu W, Huang Q, Qian L. Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Liver Metabolome to Evaluate the Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051149. [PMID: 36904149 PMCID: PMC10005546 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) refers to the occurrence of massive hepatocyte necrosis in a short time, with multiple complications, including inflammatory response, hepatic encephalopathy, and multiple organ failure. Additionally, effective therapies for ALF are lacking. There exists a relationship between the human intestinal microbiota and liver, so intestinal microbiota modulation may be a strategy for therapy of hepatic diseases. In previous studies, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from fit donors has been used to modulate intestinal microbiota widely. Here, we established a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-gal) induced ALF to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of FMT, and its mechanism of action. We found that FMT decreased hepatic aminotransferase activity and serum total bilirubin levels, and decreased hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS/D-gal challenged mice (p < 0.05). Moreover, FMT gavage ameliorated LPS/D-gal induced liver apoptosis and markedly reduced cleaved caspase-3 levels, and improved histopathological features of the liver. FMT gavage also restored LPS/D-gal-evoked gut microbiota dysbiosis by modifying the colonic microbial composition, improving the abundance of unclassified_o_Bacteroidales (p < 0.001), norank_f_Muribaculaceae (p < 0.001), and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 (p < 0.001), while reducing that of Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed that FMT significantly altered LPS/D-gal induced disordered liver metabolites. Pearson's correlation revealed strong correlations between microbiota composition and liver metabolites. Our findings suggest that FMT ameliorate ALF by modulating gut microbiota and liver metabolism, and can used as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wenzi Wu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982171
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Didamoony MA, Atwa AM, Abd El-Haleim EA, Ahmed LA. Bromelain ameliorates D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury: role of SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, GSK3β/Nrf2 and NF-κB p65/TNF-α/caspase-8, -9 signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1765-1775. [PMID: 36227279 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research focused on estimating, for the first time, the potential protective effects of bromelain against D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats as well as identifying the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Silymarin (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) as a reference drug or bromelain (20 and 40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered for 10 days, and on the 8th day of the experiment, a single dose of galactosamine (400 mg/kg/i.p.) induced acute liver injury. KEY FINDINGS Pretreatment with bromelain improved liver functions and histopathological alterations induced by galactosamine. Bromelain ameliorated oxidative stress by inducing SIRT1 protein expression and increasing LKB1 content. This resulted in phosphorylating the AMPK/GSK3β axis, which stimulated Nrf2 activation in hepatic cells and thus increased the activity of its downstream antioxidant enzymes [HO-1 and NQO1]. Besides, bromelain exerted significant anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing hepatic contents of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, as well as caspase-8 and caspase-9. The protective effects of bromelain40 were proved to be better than silymarin and bromelain20 in most of the assessed parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the significant hepatoprotective effects of bromelain against acute liver injury through modulation of SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, GSK3β/Nrf2 signalling in addition to NF-κB p65/TNF-α/ caspase-8 and -9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abd El-Haleim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Hiraishi K, Jimma F, Soma H, Kagawa T, Yamaoka I. Investigating a novel hepatoprotective substance from ume extract (heated Japanese apricot juice concentrate). Part 1: Finding an active substance using a liver injury rat model. NFS JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Hsieh YC, Yin WR, Xu YY, Hou YT. HGF/heparin-immobilized decellularized liver matrices as novel hepatic patches for hepatocyte regeneration in an acute liver injury model. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lysimachiae Herba Inhibits Inflammatory Reactions and Improves Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Hepatic Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091387. [PMID: 34573019 PMCID: PMC8471683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Lysimachiae Herba ethanolic extract (LHE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and in a LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. Then, the production of inflammatory mediators and the activation of related pathways in macrophages were explored. Finally, we assessed the serum aminotransferase levels and the expression of inflammatory/antioxidant molecules in liver tissues in mice. Results revealed that LHE treatment significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Molecular data showed that LHE remarkably increased the activities of the antioxidant pathway and inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB induced by LPS. Furthermore, it prevented acute liver damage caused by LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatitis by inhibiting aminotransferase levels and histopathological changes in mice. Moreover, treatment with LHE significantly inhibited the activation of inflammatory pathways and increased the expression of antioxidant molecules including heme oxygenase-1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. In conclusion, LHE has potent anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages and the LPS/D-GalN-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. Thus, it can be a treatment option for inflammation, hepatitis, and liver injury.
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7
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Forsythia Fruit Prevents Fulminant Hepatitis in Mice and Ameliorates Inflammation in Murine Macrophages. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082901. [PMID: 34445058 PMCID: PMC8399229 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forsythia Fruit (FF), the fruit of Forsythia suspensa, has been used since ancient times as an herbal medication in East Asia to treat inflammation, gonorrhea, and pharyngitis. However, the efficacy of FF against liver damage due to inflammation has not been studied. Here, we explored the protective effects of FF in a mouse hepatitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GalN) treatment. We measured inflammatory cytokine and aminotransferase levels in mouse blood and analyzed the effects of FF on inflammatory gene and protein expression levels in liver tissue. Our results show that FF treatment effectively lowers inflammatory cytokine and serum aminotransferase levels in mice and inhibits the expression of hepatic cytokine mRNA and inflammatory proteins. Furthermore, treatment with FF activated the antioxidant pathway HO-1/Nrf-2 and suppressed severe histological alteration in the livers of LPS/D-GalN-treated mice. Further investigation of the effects of FF on inflammatory reactions in LPS-stimulated macrophages showed that pretreatment with FF inhibits inflammatory mediator secretion and activation of inflammatory mechanisms both in a mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and in primary peritoneal macrophages. These results show that FF has potential worth as a candidate for the treatment of fulminant inflammatory reactions and subsequent liver injury.
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DeMorrow S, Cudalbu C, Davies N, Jayakumar AR, Rose CF. 2021 ISHEN guidelines on animal models of hepatic encephalopathy. Liver Int 2021; 41:1474-1488. [PMID: 33900013 PMCID: PMC9812338 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This working group of the International Society of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) was commissioned to summarize and update current efforts in the development and characterization of animal models of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). As defined in humans, HE in animal models is based on the underlying degree and severity of liver pathology. Although hyperammonemia remains the key focus in the pathogenesis of HE, other factors associated with HE have been identified, together with recommended animal models, to help explore the pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms of HE. While numerous methods to induce liver failure and disease exist, less have been characterized with neurological and neurobehavioural impairments. Moreover, there still remains a paucity of adequate animal models of Type C HE induced by alcohol, viruses and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; the most common etiologies of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S DeMorrow
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA; Research division, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple Texas USA.,Correspondance: Sharon DeMorrow, PhD, ; tel: +1-512-495-5779
| | - C Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Davies
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - AR Jayakumar
- General Medical Research, Neuropathology Section, R&D Service and South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education Inc; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - CF Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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9
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Chen T, Li R, Chen P. Gut Microbiota and Chemical-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688780. [PMID: 34122150 PMCID: PMC8187901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug overdose or chemical exposures are the main causes of acute liver injury (ALI). Severe liver injury can develop into liver failure that is an important cause of liver-related mortality in intensive care units in most countries. Pharmacological studies have utilized a variety of comprehensive chemical induction models that recapitulate the natural pathogenesis of acute liver injury. Their mechanism is always based on redox imbalance-induced direct hepatotoxicity and massive hepatocyte cell death, which can trigger immune cell activation and recruitment to the liver. However, the pathogenesis of these models has not been fully stated. Many studies showed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in chemical-induced liver injury. Hepatotoxicity is likely induced by imbalanced microbiota homeostasis, gut mucosal barrier damage, systemic immune activation, microbial-associated molecular patterns, and bacterial metabolites. Meanwhile, many preclinical studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics can improve chemical-induced liver injury. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of gut microorganisms in chemical-induced acute liver injury animal models and explore the protective mechanism of exogenous microbial supplements on acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Shchegravina ES, Sachkova AA, Usova SD, Nyuchev AV, Gracheva YA, Fedorov AY. Carbohydrate Systems in Targeted Drug Delivery: Expectation and Reality. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
In this review, we focus on the metabolism of mammalian glycan-associated monosaccharides, where the vast majority of our current knowledge comes from research done during the 1960s and 1970s. Most monosaccharides enter the cell using distinct, often tissue specific transporters from the SLC2A family. If not catabolized, these monosaccharides can be activated to donor nucleotide sugars and used for glycan synthesis. Apart from exogenous and dietary sources, all monosaccharides and their associated nucleotide sugars can be synthesized de novo, using mostly glucose to produce all nine nucleotide sugars present in human cells. Today, monosaccharides are used as treatment options for a small number of rare genetic disorders and even some common conditions. Here, we cover therapeutic applications of these sugars and highlight biochemical gaps that must be revisited as we go forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sosicka
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Park CY, Choi E, Yang H, Ho SH, Park S, Park K, Kim S. Efficacy of Artemisia annua L. extract for recovery of acute liver failure. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3738-3749. [PMID: 32724636 PMCID: PMC7382175 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. is an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is commonly grown in parts of Asia, including Korea and China, and is called by its nickname Gae-ddong-ssuk, or Chung-ho. The herb is well known for its positive effects on fever and hemostasis, as well as its antibiotic effects. To evaluate the protective properties of A. annua L. on the liver, an acute liver failure animal model was set up with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-galN) in C57BL/6J mice, showing increased levels of AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase). Oral administration of the extract of A. annua L. (EAA) for 2 weeks reduced the level of AST and ALT up to 50% of the levels in the negative control group treated with water vehicle. The efficacy of EAA was more effective than that in a comparative positive control group treated with milk thistle extract. Moreover, EAA protected hepatic cells and tissues from oxidative stresses and inflammatory damages, showing downregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We also found that LPS stimulated the mouse macrophage cell line, Raw264.7, and secreted a tremendous level of proinflammatory cytokines and the secretion of these cytokines was reduced with EAA treatment via downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and p65 translocation. This study demonstrated that A. annua L. extract is a promising treatment for protection against and recovery from liver damage, as well as maintenance of liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ki‐Moon Park
- Department of Food Science & BiotechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea
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Ito R, Kuribayashi T. Correlation between synthesis of α 2-macroglobulin as acute phase protein and degree of hepatopathy in rats. Lab Anim Res 2020; 35:14. [PMID: 32257902 PMCID: PMC7081713 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of hepatopathy affecting the synthesis of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) as an acute phase protein in rats was investigated. Hepatopathy was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous administration of galactosamine at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 days. Inflammation was induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine oil at a dose of 2 mL/kg. Blood was collected before turpentine oil injection and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after injection. Serum concentrations of α2M were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rats administered galactosamine were significantly higher than in controls. Mean values of body weight and total protein were significantly lower than in controls. Serum concentrations of α2M in the galactosamine group were significantly lower than in controls. Kinetic parameters, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-96) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax), were significantly lower than in controls. The cut-off value for detecting the effects on synthesis of α2M in liver was 46.9 mgˑh/mL. Seven rats (77.8%) were assessed for decreases in the synthesis of α2M due to hepatopathy. Two rats showed no influence on the synthesis of α2M, despite administration of galactosamine. AST and ALT in these two rats were ≤ 285 and ≤ 174 U/L, respectively. In conclusion, synthesis of α2M in rats is evidently suppressed in the severe stages of hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ito
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
| | - Takashi Kuribayashi
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
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Hao J, Qi T, Zhu X, Chen J. Comparative Proteomic Analyses of the Liver in D-Galactosamine-Sensitized Mice Treated with Different Toll-Like Receptor Agonists. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900393. [PMID: 32131144 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe consequence of abrupt hepatocyte injury and has lethal outcomes. Three toll-like receptor agonists, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) DNA, cause acute and severe hepatitis, respectively, in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. However, the molecular differences among three ALF models (LPS/D-GalN, poly(I:C)/D-GalN, and CpG DNA/D-GalN), are unclear. Here, tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analyses of three ALF mouse models are performed. 52 common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) are identified, in three ALF groups, compared to the control. Gene ontology analyses show that among the common DEPs, ten proteins are involved in immune system process, and 39 proteins in metabolic process. Among 80,195, and 23 specifically-expressed proteins in poly(I:C)/D-GalN, LPS/D-GalN, and CpG DNA/D-GalN groups, LPS/D-GalN-specific proteins are mostly distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum and more enriched in metabolic pathways, whereas poly (I:C)/D-GalN-specific proteins are mainly in the membrane and CpG DNA/D-GalN-specific proteins are related to the ribosome structural composition. In conclusion, the common and specific DEPs in three ALF mouse models at molecular level are identified; and determined a close-to-complete reference map of mouse liver proteins which will be useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hao
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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Miyamoto H, Tsuda K, Honda T, Tokunaga A, Fumoto S, Nishida K. Influence of Liver Intoxication by Carbon Tetrachloride or D-Galactosamine on Absorption of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Dextran-10 and Other Marker Compounds with Different Molecular Weights from the Rat Liver Surface. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:319-324. [PMID: 32009118 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the influence of liver disease on the absorption from the liver surface of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran 10 (FD-10, MW: 11000) and several marker compounds with different molecular weights. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of liver surface application of macromolecular compounds in the disease state. We used male Wistar rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or D-galactosamine (GAL). FD-10 and other marker compounds were applied to the liver surface using a cylindrical diffusion cell in liver-intoxicated rats. The blood, bile, urine, and the remaining solution in the diffusion cell were collected for assay. FD-10 was absorbed by first-order kinetics from the liver surface in the liver-intoxicated rat models. The calculated rate constant ka values in the normal, CCl4 and GAL groups were 0.000965, 0.00125 and 0.00104 min-1, respectively. Increased absorption of FITC-dextrans in the liver-intoxicated rats was observed. In both CCl4 and GAL groups, an inverse relationship was observed between the molecular weight and ka from the rat liver surface of the marker compounds. The limits of the molecular weight absorbed from the liver surface were extrapolated to be 71200, 135000, and 105000 in the normal, CCl4, and GAL groups, respectively. In conclusion, increased absorbability from the rat liver surface indicates that liver surface application for liver targeting of macromolecules in the diseased state is indeed feasible. Therefore, our findings can support further research on liver surface application of drugs under liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Kayoko Tsuda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Tominori Honda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Ayako Tokunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Abstract
Our research investigated the protective and preventive roles of B. longum R0175 in a rat model of acute liver failure. The results illustrated that this probiotic strain exhibited protective effects in rats with acute liver failure. Thus, B. longum R0175 showed clinical application prospects that required further exploration. Acute liver failure is a severe liver disorder that poses considerable global challenges. Previous studies on Bifidobacterium longum R0175 have mainly focused on its psychotropic functions. The current research focused on the protective efficacy of B. longum R0175 against acute liver failure caused by d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in rats and further tested the hypothesis that B. longum R0175 exerted liver-protective effects by affecting the intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites and by inhibiting inflammation. We found that oral gavage of B. longum R0175 markedly reduced the severity of liver injury in d-GalN-treated rats, as evidenced by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bile acids (TBAs) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and chemokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1], chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1 [CXCL1], chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 5 [CCL5], and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α [MIP-1α]) were also markedly reduced (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with B. longum R0175 partially reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats with liver injury by increasing the relative abundances of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Alloprevotella spp., and decreasing the relative abundances of potentially harmful bacteria, such as Acetatifactor muris, Butyricimonas spp., and Oscillibacter spp. Furthermore, B. longum R0175 administration partially improved the metabolic function of the intestinal microbes, as indicated by the decreased level of lithocholic acid found in the feces. IMPORTANCE Our research investigated the protective and preventive roles of B. longum R0175 in a rat model of acute liver failure. The results illustrated that this probiotic strain exhibited protective effects in rats with acute liver failure. Thus, B. longum R0175 showed clinical application prospects that required further exploration.
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Kim OH, Hong HE, Seo H, Kwak BJ, Choi HJ, Kim KH, Ahn J, Lee SC, Kim SJ. Generation of induced secretome from adipose-derived stem cells specialized for disease-specific treatment: An experimental mouse model. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:70-86. [PMID: 32110276 PMCID: PMC7031761 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the exclusive use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted molecules, named as the secretome, have been evaluated for overcoming the limitations of cell-based therapy while maintaining its advantages.
AIM To improve cell-free therapy by adding disease-specificity through stimulation of MSCs using disease-causing materials.
METHODS We collected the secretory materials (named as inducers) released from AML12 hepatocytes that had been pretreated with thioacetamide (TAA) and generated the TAA-induced secretome (TAA-isecretome) after stimulating adipose-derived stem cells with the inducers. The TAA-isecretome was intravenously administered to mice with TAA-induced hepatic failure and those with partial hepatectomy.
RESULTS TAA-isecretome infusion showed higher therapeutic potential in terms of (1) restoring disorganized hepatic tissue to normal tissue; (2) inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α); and (3) reducing abnormally elevated liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) compared to the naïve secretome infusion in mice with TAA-induced hepatic failure. However, the TAA-isecretome showed inferior therapeutic potential for restoring hepatic function in partially hepatectomized mice. Proteomic analysis of TAA-isecretome identified that antioxidant processes were the most predominant enriched biological networks of the proteins exclusively identified in the TAA-isecretome. In addition, peroxiredoxin-1, a potent antioxidant protein, was found to be one of representative components of TAA-isecretome and played a central role in the protection of TAA-induced hepatic injury.
CONCLUSION Appropriate stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells with TAA led to the production of a secretome enriched with proteins, especially peroxiredoxin-1, with higher antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that appropriate stimulation of MSCs with pathogenic agents can lead to the production of a secretome specialized for protecting against the pathogen. This approach is expected to open a new way of developing various specific therapeutics based on the high plasticity and responsiveness of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Haeyeon Seo
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Bong Jun Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, South Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 34943, South Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
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Pallerla P, Yellu NR, Bobbala RK. Hepatoprotective studies on methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata and development of qualitative analytical profile for the bioactive extract. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata (LC) and development of qualitative analytical profile of the bioactive fraction using HPLC fingerprinting analysis. All the fractions of methanolic extract of Lindernia ciliata (LCME) are assessed for their total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant properties by using DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Acute toxicity study was conducted for all the fractions and the two test doses 50 and 100 mg/kg were selected for the hepatoprotective study. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 3 g/kg.b.w.p.o. paracetamol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters and histology of liver of rats. The effective fraction was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic activity against D-Galactosamine (400 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and in vivo antioxidant parameters viz., Glutathione (GSH), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase (CAT) levels are estimated using liver homogenate.
Results
Among all the fractions, butanone fraction of LCME, (BNF-LCME) has shown better hepatoprotective activity and hence it is selected to evaluate the antihepatotoxicity against D-GaIN. The activity of BNF-LCME is well supported in in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies and may be attributed to flavonoidal, phenolic compounds present in the fraction. Hence, BNF-LCME was subjected to the development of qualitative analytical profile using HPLC finger printing analysis.
Conclusions
All the fractions of LCME exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and BNF-LCME (50 mg/kg) was identified as the most effective fraction.
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Czekaj P, Król M, Limanówka Ł, Michalik M, Lorek K, Gramignoli R. Assessment of animal experimental models of toxic liver injury in the context of their potential application as preclinical models for cell therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172597. [PMID: 31408648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models allow to study development and progression of several diseases, including liver disorders. These studies, for ethical reasons and medical limits, are impossible to carry out in human patients. At the same time, such experimental models constitute an important source of knowledge on pathomechanisms for drug- and virus-induced hepatotoxicity, both acute and chronic. Carbon tetrachloride, D-Galactosamine, and retrorsine are xenobiotics that can be used in immunocompetent animal models of hepatotoxicity, where chemical-intoxicated livers present histological features representative of human viruses-related infection. A prolonged derangement into liver architecture and functions commonly lead to cirrhosis, eventually resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma. In human, orthotopic liver transplantation commonly resolve most the problems related to cirrhosis. However, the shortage of donors does not allow all the patients in the waiting list to receive an organ on time. A promising alternative treatment for acute and chronic liver disease has been advised in liver cell transplantation, but the limited availability of hepatocytes for clinical approaches, in addition to the immunosuppressant regiment required to sustain cellular long-term engraftment have been encouraging the use of alternative cell sources. A recent effective source of stem cells have been recently identified in the human amnion membrane. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been preclinically tested and proven sufficient to rescue immunocompetent rodents lethally intoxicated with drugs. The adoption of therapeutic procedures based on hAEC transplant in immunocompetent recipients affected by liver diseases, as well as patients with immune-related disorders, may constitute a successful new alternative therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Król
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Limanówka
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalik
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lorek
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Shafique H, Ahad A, Khan W, Want MY, Bhatt PC, Ahmad S, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. Ganoderic acid -loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate d-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Elufioye TO, Habtemariam S. Hepatoprotective effects of rosmarinic acid: Insight into its mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108600. [PMID: 30780110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases such as hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are one of the major health challenges in the world and many conditions such as inadequate nutrition, viral infection, ethanol and drug abuse, xenobiotic exposure, and metabolic diseases have been implicated in the development and progression of liver diseases. Several factors including lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite formation, complement factors and proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are involved in hepatic diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic compound found mainly in the family Lamiaceae consisting of several medicinal plants, herbs and spices. Several biological activities have been reported for RA and these include antioxidant properties as a ROS scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antiangiogenic among others. This review is aimed at discussing the effects of RA on the liver, highlighting its hepatoprotective potential and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Elufioye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Maritime Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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Ding Z, Du D, Yang Y, Yang M, Miao Y, Zou Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Jiang J, Jiang F, Zhou P. Short-term use of MyD88 inhibitor TJ-M2010-5 prevents d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:356-365. [PMID: 30583234 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of the TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to several inflammation-related diseases. Previously, our laboratory synthesized a novel thiazaol-aminoramification MyD88 inhibitor named TJ-M2010-5. In this study, we interrogated the role of MyD88, as well as the protective effect of TJ-M2010-5, in a d-gal/LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model. In order to induce acute liver injury, BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal injection of d-gal and LPS at a dose of 800 mg/kg and 80 μg/kg body weight, respectively. All mice died within 48 h of injection without intervention. However, pre-treatment with TJ-M2010-5 as well as knock-out (KO) of the MyD88 gene significantly improved mouse survival rate to 73.3% and 80% at 48 h, respectively, and both treatments protected liver function. These pathological results demonstrated that TJ-M2010-5 and MyD88 KO reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and protected hepatocytes against apoptosis. Furthermore, TJ-M2010-5 remarkably inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling in vivo. LPS-induced activation of macrophages as well as pro-inflammatory factors were also shown to be decreased after TJ-M2010-5 treatment in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that blockage of the TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway by TJ-M2010-5 has an important role in the prevention of inflammation-related acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuochuan Ding
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Dunfeng Du
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Min Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Zhimiao Zou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jipin Jiang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Fengchao Jiang
- Academy of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Analysis of extracellular metabolome by HS-SPME/GC–MS: Optimization and application in a pilot study to evaluate galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rahman N, Pervin M, Kuramochi M, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. M1/M2-macrophage Polarization-based Hepatotoxicity ind-galactosamine-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:764-776. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623318801574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Munmun Pervin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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Xiao MH, Xia JY, Wang ZL, Hu WX, Fan YL, Jia DY, Li J, Jing PW, Wang L, Wang YP. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates liver injury induced by D-galactose in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4100-4106. [PMID: 30402153 PMCID: PMC6200997 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) in attenuating subacute liver injury induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: i) D-gal-administration group (D-gal group), where the mice were intraperitoneally administrated with D-gal (120 mg/kg/day for 42 days); ii) D-gal + Rg1 group where the mice were treated with 120 mg/kg/day D-gal for 42 days and with Rg1 at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 35 days. The first dose of Rg1 was administered on the 8th day of treatment with D-gal; and iii) the normal control group, where the mice were injected with an equal volume of saline for 42 days. The day following the final injections in all groups, peripheral blood was collected and serum was prepared to measure the contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBiL), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). Liver tissue homogenates were prepared to measure the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Paraffin section were prepared to observe the microscopic structure of the liver. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. Frozen section were prepared and stained with senescence-associated β-galactosidase to detect the relative optical density value of senescence-associated markers. Compared with the D-gal group, the contents of AST, ALT, TBiL, AGEs and MDA significantly decreased in the D-gal + Rg1 group, while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px markedly increased, and liver injury and degenerative alterations of hepatocytes were reduced. Administration of Rg1 induced a protective effect on D-gal-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting the oxidative stress, reducing DNA damage and decreasing the AGE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-He Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xu Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Fan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Yong Jia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Wei Jing
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.Q. Shi
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, Mc Gill University 3655 Drummond Street, Montreal, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - T.M.S. Chang
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, Mc Gill University 3655 Drummond Street, Montreal, Canada H3G 1Y6
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Atwa A, Hegazy R, Mohsen R, Yassin N, Kenawy S. Protective Effects of the Third Generation Vasodilatory Βeta - Blocker Nebivolol against D-Galactosamine - Induced Hepatorenal Syndrome in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:880-892. [PMID: 29362613 PMCID: PMC5771289 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is very common in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The development of renal failure in the absence of clinical, anatomical or pathological causes renal of failure is termed hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). AIM: The present study was constructed to investigate the possible protective effects of nebivolol (Nebi) against D-galactosamine (Gal)-induced HRS in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were treated with Nebi for ten successive days. On the 8th day of the experiment, they received a single dose of Gal. Serum levels of Cr, BUN, Na+ and K+ as well as AST, ALT, total bilirubin (TB), NH3 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined following Gal administration. Moreover, renal and liver contents of MDA, GSH, F2-isoprostanes (F2-IPs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), total nitric oxide (NO), in addition to activities of caspase-3 (Cas-3), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) enzymes were also assessed. Finally, histopathological examination was performed. RESULTS: Nebi attenuated Gal-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction. It also decreased the Gal-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory recruitment. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrated both nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Nebi against HRS and suggested a role of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and NO-releasing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Institution Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania Mohsen
- Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neamat Yassin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Institution Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Kenawy
- Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Wang CL, Yang PS, Tsao JT, Jayakumar T, Wang MJ, Sheu JR, Chou DS. Mechanism of free radical generation in platelets and primary hepatocytes: A novel electron spin resonance study. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2061-2069. [PMID: 29138834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxic liver injury and are thought to be involved in cardiac dysfunction in the cirrhotic heart. Therefore, direct evidence for the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of how D‑galactosamine (GalN), an established experimental hepatotoxic substance, induced free radicals formation in platelets and primary hepatocytes is presented in the present study. ESR results demonstrated that GalN induced hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in a resting human platelet suspension; however, radicals were not produced in a cell free Fenton reaction system. The GalN‑induced OH• formation was significantly inhibited by the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethasin, though it was not affected by the lipoxygenase (LOX) or cytochrome P450 inhibitors, AA861 and 1‑aminobenzotriazole (ABT), in platelets. In addition, the present study demonstrated that baicalein induced semiquinone free radicals in platelets, which were significantly reduced by the COX inhibitor without affecting the formed OH•. In the mouse primary hepatocytes, the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) induced carbon‑centered radicals that were concentration dependently enhanced by GalN. These radicals were inhibited by AA861, though not affected by indomethasin or ABT. In addition, GalN did not induce platelet aggregation prior to or following collagen pretreatment in human platelets. The results of the present study indicated that GalN and baicalein may induce OH• by COX and LOX in human platelets. GalN also potentiated AA induced carbon‑centered radicals in hepatocytes via cytochrome P450. The present study presented the role of free radicals in the pathophysiological association between platelets and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Lang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Min‑Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Sheng Yang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Ting Tsao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Jiy Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Liu J, Zhang S, Cao H, Wang H, Sun C, Liu S, Yu S, Li Y, Liu W, Wang H, Jiang J, Ying H. Deficiency of p38α in macrophage ameliorates d
-galactosamine/TNF-α-induced acute liver injury in mice. FEBS J 2017; 284:4200-4215. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hongchao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health; Beijing China
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Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF, Hasan RA, Cheng H, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Senna singueana: Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antiapoptotic Properties and Phytochemical Profiling of a Methanol Bark Extract. Molecules 2017; 22:E1502. [PMID: 28885586 PMCID: PMC6151733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are considered as an important source for the discovery of new drugs to treat aging-related degenerative diseases and liver injury. The present study profiled the chemical constituents of a methanol extract from Senna singueana bark using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS and 36 secondary metabolites were identified. Proanthocyanidins dominated the extract. Monomers, dimers, trimers of (epi)catechin, (epi)gallocatechin, (epi)guibourtinidol, (ent)cassiaflavan, and (epi)afzelechin represented the major constituents. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activities in vitro: In DPPH (EC50 of 20.8 µg/mL), FRAP (18.16 mM FeSO₄/mg extract) assays, and total phenolic content amounted 474 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Also, in an in vivo model, the extract increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans worms pretreated with the pro-oxidant juglone from 43 to 64%, decreased intracellular ROS inside the wild-type nematodes by 47.90%, and induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor DAF-16 in the transgenic strain TJ356. Additionally, the extract showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine (d-GalN) induced hepatic injury in rats. It significantly reduced elevated AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and total bilirubin. Moreover, the extract induced a strong cytoplasmic Bcl-2 expression indicating suppression of apoptosis. In conclusion, the bark extract of S. sengueana represents an interesting candidate for further research in antioxidants and liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Rehab A Hasan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Haroan Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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32
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Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF, Abdelfattah MAO, El-Beshbishy HA, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Albizia harveyi: phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities of the bark extract. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hinderlich S, Tauber R, Bertozzi CR, Hackenberger CPR. Werner Reutter: A Visionary Pioneer in Molecular Glycobiology. Chembiochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hinderlich
- Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin; Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology; Seestrasse 64 13347 Berlin Germany
| | - Rudolf Tauber
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin; Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Bertozzi Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of California; 380 Roth Way MC: 5080 Stanford CA 94305-4401 USA
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP; Department of Chemical Biology; Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Institut für Chemie; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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Okerblom J, Varki A. Biochemical, Cellular, Physiological, and Pathological Consequences of Human Loss of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1155-1171. [PMID: 28423240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
About 2-3 million years ago, Alu-mediated deletion of a critical exon in the CMAH gene became fixed in the hominin lineage ancestral to humans, possibly through a stepwise process of selection by pathogen targeting of the CMAH product (the sialic acid Neu5Gc), followed by reproductive isolation through female anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Loss of CMAH has occurred independently in some other lineages, but is functionally intact in Old World primates, including our closest relatives, the chimpanzee. Although the biophysical and biochemical ramifications of losing tens of millions of Neu5Gc hydroxy groups at most cell surfaces remains poorly understood, we do know that there are multiscale effects functionally relevant to both sides of the host-pathogen interface. Hominin CMAH loss might also contribute to understanding human evolution, at the time when our ancestors were starting to use stone tools, increasing their consumption of meat, and possibly hunting. Comparisons with chimpanzees within ethical and practical limitations have revealed some consequences of human CMAH loss, but more has been learned by using a mouse model with a human-like Cmah inactivation. For example, such mice can develop antibodies against Neu5Gc that could affect inflammatory processes like cancer progression in the face of Neu5Gc metabolic incorporation from red meats, display a hyper-reactive immune system, a human-like tendency for delayed wound healing, late-onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, susceptibility to muscular dystrophy pathologies, and increased sensitivity to multiple human-adapted pathogens involving sialic acids. Further studies in such mice could provide a model for other human-specific processes and pathologies involving sialic acid biology that have yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Okerblom
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California in San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, GRTC) and, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
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35
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Éboli LPDCB, Netto AAS, Azevedo RAD, Lanzoni VP, Paula TSD, Goldenberg A, Gonzalez AM. Evaluating the best time to intervene acute liver failure in rat models induced by d-galactosamine. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:783-792. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160120000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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36
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Wang Y, Wan Y, Ye G, Wang P, Xue X, Wu G, Ye B. Hepatoprotective effects of AdipoRon against d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:123-31. [PMID: 27516150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an antidiabetic and antiatherogenic adipokine, which plays distinct roles in the balance of energy homoeostasis. As an insulin sensitizing hormone, adiponectin exerts multiple biological effects by the specific receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α pathways. AdipoRon, an orally active synthetic small-molecule AdipoR agonist, shows very similar effects to adiponectin in vitro and in vivo, which could be a promising therapeutic approach for obesity-related disorders. In view of the regulatory effects of adiponectin or AdipoRon on inflammatory response and energy metabolism, they might be endowed a curative potential for tissue damage. Hence, its effects and possible mechanism were investigated. In vitro studies on hepatocytes (L02) and macrophages (RAW264.7) suggested a protective and anti-inflammatory potential of AdipoRon. The effects were verified in acute hepatic injury mice induced by d-galactosamine (D-GalN): hepatic lesions were restored by AdipoRon or bicyclol (positive reference drug) pretreatment, which were characterized by a significant increase in serological and hepatic biomarkers (AST, ALT, MDA and NOSs). Besides, AdipoRon attenuated the inflammation in the liver, characterized by the dwindling proinflammatory macrophage infiltration, as well as the shrinkage of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); meanwhile conversely promoted AMPK activation by phosphorylation. Combined with liver histopathology, these results demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of AdipoRon against D-GalN-induced damage, which might be ascribed to the attenuation of inflammation, inhibition of free radical reactions, as well as enhancement of liver energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yumeng Wan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guihong Ye
- High School Affiliated To Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Xue
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guanzhong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Boping Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Gao Z, Zhang J, Li L, Shen L, Li Q, Zou Y, Du X, Zhao Z. Heat shock proteins 27 and 70 contribute to the protection of Schisandrin B against d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:373-8. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin B is a hepatoprotective component isolated from a traditional Chinese herb, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. This study determined the effect of Schisandrin B on d-galactosamine -induced liver injury and the role of heat shock proteins 27 and 70 against liver injury in mice. Acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of d-galactosamine to mice, and Schisandrin B was given orally. The protein and gene expression of heat shock proteins 27 and 70 were detected by western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Liver tissues were subjected to histological evaluation, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum were measured. Pretreatment of Schisandrin B significantly attenuated d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. This result was evidenced by improved alteration of histopathological hepatic necrosis and reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum. The hepatoprotective effect was accompanied with overexpression of heat shock proteins 27 and 70 both at the protein and mRNA levels. However, the aforementioned actions of Schisandrin B were all markedly suppressed by the heat shock protein inhibitor quercetin. Heat shock proteins 27 and 70 were involved in the protective effect of Schisandrin B against d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Gao
- Polygenic Disease Institute, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Jishun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, P. R. China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Longqing Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
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Abstract
Superantigens secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes interact with the T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells to elicit a massive cytokine release and activation of T cells in higher numbers than that seen with ordinary antigens. Because of this unique ability, superantigens have been implicated as etiological agents for many different types of diseases, including toxic shock syndrome, infective endocarditis, pneumonia, and inflammatory skin diseases. This review covers the main animal models that have been developed in order to identify the roles of superantigens in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Brosnahan
- Department of Science, Concordia University - Saint Paul, 1282 Concordia Ave., S-115, St. Paul, MN, 55104, USA.
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Protective effects of ellagic acid in D-galactosamine-induced kidney damage in rats. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1763-70. [PMID: 26660314 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Galactosamine (D-GalN), which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D-GalN intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. We have investigated both preventive and curative effects of ellagic acid (EA) in this study. EA treatment at a gavage dose of 20 mg/kg body weight was administered before and after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of D-GalN at a dose of 750 mg/kg. Tissue and blood samples of animals were collected for morphological and biochemical evaluations. Our study results suggest that EA treatment both prior to and after the toxin administration successfully altered the toxic effects on the rats. Moreover, pre-treatment of EA was more protective than post-treatment indicated by histopathological and biochemical values. In conclusion, EA treatment both before and after D-GalN intoxication could protect kidney tissues against D-GalN induced oxidative stress.
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40
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Saracyn M, Zdanowski R, Brytan M, Kade G, Nowak Z, Patera J, Dyrla P, Gil J, Wańkowicz Z. D-Galactosamine Intoxication in Experimental Animals: Is it Only an Experimental Model of Acute Liver Failure? Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1469-77. [PMID: 26009004 PMCID: PMC4451715 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term administration of Galactosamine to experimental animals causes liver damage and acute liver failure (ALF), as well as acute renal failure in some cases. The aim of our study was to describe kidney disorders that developed in the course of galactosamine-induced liver failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a study group administered galactosamine intraperitoneally and a control group administered saline. RESULTS All the animals in the study group developed liver damage and failure within 48 h, with significant increase of alanine (p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferases (p<0.0001), bilirubin (p<0.004), and ammonia (p<0.005) and decrease of albumin (p<0.001) concentrations. Acute renal failure was observed in all test animals, with a significant increase in creatinine (p<0.001) and urea (p<0.001) concentrations and a decrease in creatinine clearance (p<0.0012). Moreover, osmotic clearance (p<0.001), daily natriuresis (p<0.003), and fractional sodium excretion (p<0.016) decreased significantly in this group of animals. The ratio of urine osmolality to serum osmolality did not change. Histopathology of the liver revealed massive necrosis of hepatocytes, whereas renal histopathology showed no changes. CONCLUSIONS Acute renal failure that developed in the course of galactosamine-induced ALF was of a functional nature, with the kidneys retaining the ability to concentrate urine and retain sodium, and there were no renal changes in the histopathological examination. It seems that the experimental model of ALF induced by galactosamine can be viewed as a model of hepatorenal syndrome that occurs in the course of acute damage and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Saracyn
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Brytan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kade
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Nowak
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Patera
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Dyrla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wańkowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Taslidere E, Vardi N, Esrefoglu M, Ates B, Taskapan C, Yologlu S. The effects of pentoxifylline and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the treatment of d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:353-65. [PMID: 25977259 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115586820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate histological changes in hepatic tissue and effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on these changes using histochemical and biochemical methods in rats, in which hepatitis was established by D-galactosamine (D-GAL). Rats were divided into five groups as follows: control group, D-GAL (24 h) group, D-GAL group, d-GAL + PTX group, and D-GAL + CAPE group. In histological evaluations, the control group showed normal appearance of the liver cells. However in the d-GAL groups, focal areas consisting of inflammatory, necrotic, and apoptotic cells were detected in parenchyma. Glycogen loss was observed in the hepatocytes localized at the periphery of lobule. It was found that number of mast cells of portal areas were significantly higher in D-GAL groups compared with other groups (p = 0.0001). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining by Ki-67 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in GAL groups compared with the control group (p = 0.0001). In biochemical analysis, there was an increase in malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, while a decrease was observed in glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity in groups treated with d-GAL compared with the control group. On the other hand, it was seen that, in the groups treated with D-GAL, histological and biochemical injuries in the liver were reduced by administration of PTX and CAPE. In this study, we demonstrated the ameliorative effects of PTX and CAPE on D-GAL-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - N Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Esrefoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - C Taskapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Yologlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Ilyas UK, Katare DP, Aeri V. Comparative evaluation of standardized alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn. against galactosamine-induced hepatopathy in albino rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:277-82. [PMID: 25829765 PMCID: PMC4378124 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis species (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in folk medicine of many countries as a remedy against several pathological conditions including jaundice and hepatitis. This study is an attempt to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of P. maderaspatensis against galactosamine-induced toxicity and also investigation of polyphenols in each extract. Materials and Methods: The extraction of P. maderaspatensis as per Ayurveda was simultaneously standardized and quantified for biochemical markers viz., polyphenols: Kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and ellagic acid by high-performance thin layer chromatography. Hepatotoxicity was induced albino adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg). The quantified aqueous, hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of P. maderaspatensis (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) were compared for evaluation of hepatoprotective potential, which were assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, change in serum enzymes such as aspartate amino transaminase, alanine amino transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and increase thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results and Discussion: The hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain comparatively high amount of kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and ellagic acid which are responsible for hepatoprotection. Antioxidant parameters such as glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity in liver tissues were restored toward the normalization more significantly by the hydroalcoholic extract when compared with other extracts. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract standardized with respect to known biomarkers may be considered as a potent extract against hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ilyas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Chen G, Jin Y, Shi X, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng M, Wang X, Chen C, Wu Y, Jiang F, Li L, Zhou H, Fu Q, Liu X. Adipose-derived stem cell-based treatment for acute liver failure. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:40. [PMID: 25890008 PMCID: PMC4425851 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute liver failure (ALF) is a highly lethal disease, for which effective therapeutic methods are limited. Although allogeneic liver transplantation is a viable treatment method for ALF, there is a serious shortage of liver donors. Recent studies suggest that stem cell transplantation is a more promising alternative. Hence, we investigate whether human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the therapeutic potential for ALF in this study based on the studies of rat models. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish ALF models by D-galactosamine injection. These rats were randomly divided into a human ASC-treated group and a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. The human ASCs or PBS was transplanted through the spleen of rats. The indices of hepatic function and hepatic histology were dynamically detected, and the survival rates of rats were also counted. Double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the ASC fate after transplantation. Moreover, both concentrated ASC conditional media and ASC lysates were transplanted through the femoral vain of rats to investigate the therapeutic potential for ALF. RESULTS The ASC transplantation group showed improved viability in comparison with the sham control. Histological and biochemical analysis suggested that liver morphology and function were improved in terms of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Although a plethora of ASCs persist in the spleen, the improvement in liver function was obvious. However, ASCs did not differentiate into hepatocytes after engrafting to livers within 3 days. In addition, both concentrated serum-free ASC conditional media and ASC lysates, characterized by high levels of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, demonstrated obvious improvement in terms of high survival rates of ALF rats. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that ASC transplantation has the potential for ALF treatment partly by the mechanism of secreting growth factors contributing to liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Chen
- Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Qiu
- Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.
| | - Mingliang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical College, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojin Wang
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Chengwei Chen
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Yinxia Wu
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Fuzhu Jiang
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Heng Zhou
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Qingchun Fu
- Shanghai Liver Diseases Research Center, The Nanjing Military Command, 9585 Humin Road, Shanghai, 200235, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.
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Saracyn M, Brytan M, Zdanowski R, Ząbkowski T, Dyrla P, Patera J, Wojtuń S, Kozłowski W, Wańkowicz Z. Hepatoprotective effect of nitric oxide in experimental model of acute hepatic failure. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17407-17415. [PMID: 25516652 PMCID: PMC4265599 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the development and degree of liver failure in an animal model of acute hepatic failure (AHF).
METHODS: An experimental rat model of galactosamine-induced AHF was used. An inhibitor of NO synthase, nitroarginine methyl ester, or an NO donor, arginine, were administered at various doses prior to or after the induction of AHF.
RESULTS: All tested groups developed AHF. Following inhibition of the endogenous NO pathway, most liver parameters improved, regardless of the inhibitor dose before the induction of liver damage, and depending on the inhibitor dose after liver damage. Prophylactic administration of the inhibitor was more effective in improving liver function parameters than administration of the inhibitor after liver damage. An attempt to activate the endogenous NO pathway prior to the induction of liver damage did not change the observed liver function parameters. Stimulation of the endogenous NO pathway after liver damage, regardless of the NO donor dose used, improved most liver function parameters.
CONCLUSION: The endogenous NO pathway plays an important role in the development of experimental galactosamine-induced AHF.
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Wei W, Dirsch O, Mclean AL, Zafarnia S, Schwier M, Dahmen U. Rodent models and imaging techniques to study liver regeneration. Eur Surg Res 2014; 54:97-113. [PMID: 25402256 DOI: 10.1159/000368573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver has the unique capability of regeneration from various injuries. Different animal models and in vitro methods are used for studying the processes and mechanisms of liver regeneration. Animal models were established either by administration of hepatotoxic chemicals or by surgical approach. The administration of hepatotoxic chemicals results in the death of liver cells and in subsequent hepatic regeneration and tissue repair. Surgery includes partial hepatectomy and portal vein occlusion or diversion: hepatectomy leads to compensatory regeneration of the remnant liver lobe, whereas portal vein occlusion leads to atrophy of the ipsilateral lobe and to compensatory regeneration of the contralateral lobe. Adaptation of modern radiological imaging technologies to the small size of rodents made the visualization of rodent intrahepatic vascular anatomy possible. Advanced knowledge of the detailed intrahepatic 3D anatomy enabled the establishment of refined surgical techniques. The same technology allows the visualization of hepatic vascular regeneration. The development of modern histological image analysis tools improved the quantitative assessment of hepatic regeneration. Novel image analysis tools enable us to quantify reliably and reproducibly the proliferative rate of hepatocytes using whole-slide scans, thus reducing the sampling error. In this review, the refined rodent models and the newly developed imaging technology to study liver regeneration are summarized. This summary helps to integrate the current knowledge of liver regeneration and promises an enormous increase in hepatological knowledge in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wei
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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KOBLIHOVÁ E, MRÁZOVÁ I, VERNEROVÁ Z, RYSKA M. Acute Liver Failure Induced by Thioacetamide: Selection of Optimal Dosage in Wistar and Lewis Rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:491-503. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition with very high mortality rate. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood, which necessitates a search for optimal experimental ALF models with features resembling those of the human disorder. Taking into consideration reproducibility of induction of ALF, adequate animal size, cost of animals, the required time gap between insult and death of animals (“therapeutic window”), potential risk to investigator and other aspects, administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats is currently most recommended. However, the fundamental details of this ALF model have not yet been evaluated. This prompted us to investigate, first, the course of ALF as induced by intraperitoneal TAA at doses increasing from 175 to 700 mg/kg BW per day. The animals’ survival rate, plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and bilirubin and ammonia levels were determined over the follow-up period. Second, we examined whether Wistar and Lewis rats exhibit any differences in the course of ALF induced by different TAA doses. We found that the optimal dose for ALF induction in rats is 350 mg.kg-1 i.p., given as a single injection. Wistar rats proved more susceptible to the development of TAA-induced ALF compared with Lewis rats. Collectively, our present findings provide a sound methodological background for experimental studies aimed at evaluation of pathophysiology and development of new approaches in the therapy of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. KOBLIHOVÁ
- Department of Surgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kim SY, Sohn SJ, Won AJ, Kim HS, Moon A. Identification of noninvasive biomarkers for nephrotoxicity using HK-2 human kidney epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:247-58. [PMID: 24980261 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an important site of xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Because the traditional markers of renal injury indicate only severe renal damage, new biomarkers are needed for a more sensitive and reliable evaluation of renal toxicity. This study was designed to identify in vitro noninvasive biomarkers for efficient assessment of nephrotoxicity by using cisplatin as a model of nephrotoxic compounds. To this end, a comparative proteomic analysis of conditioned media from HK-2 human kidney epithelial cells treated with cisplatin was performed. Here, we identified pyruvate kinase M1/M2 isoform M2 (PKM2) and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma (EF-1γ) as potential biomarker candidates for evaluation of nephrotoxicity. PKM2 and EF-1γ were increased by cisplatin in a kidney cell-specific manner, most likely due to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The increase of PKM2 and EF-1γ levels in conditioned media was also observed in the presence of other nephrotoxic agents with different cytotoxic mechanisms such as CdCl2, HgCl2, and cyclosporine A. Rats treated with cisplatin, CdCl2, or HgCl2 presented increased levels of PKM2 and EF-1γ in the urine and kidney tissue. Taken together, this study identified two noninvasive biomarker candidates, PKM2 and EF-1γ, by comparative proteomic analysis. These new biomarkers may offer an alternative to traditional renal markers for efficient evaluation of nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Sohn
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - A Jin Won
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
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Shen YM, Dai LH, Wu YH, Yu XP, Zhang YY, Zhao Y. Effect of Laggera alata extract against hepatitis B virus infection in vitro. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2421-2426. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i17.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the effect of Laggera alata (L. alata) extract against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in vitro.
METHODS: Effect of L. alata extract against HBV infection was studied using the D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced HL-7702 hepatocyte damage model and HBV-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells. Cytotoxicity induced by L. alata extract and hepatocyte viability were detected using MTT assay. The levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were determined by enzyme immunoassay. HBV DNA level was measured by quantitative fluorescence PCR.
RESULTS: Hepatocyteprotective assay using the D-GalN-induced hepatocyte damage model indicated that L. alata extract markedly improved HL-7702 hepatocyte viability at 25-100 µg/mL and produced a maximum protection of 45.66% at 100 µg/mL. HBsAg and HBeAg levels were assayed after hepG2.2.15 cells were incubated with L. alata extract for 3 d. The results showed that L. alata extract significantly inhibited HBsAg expression at 10-100 µg/mL and produced a maximum inhibition of 45.92% at 100 µg/mL, while it markedly repressed the expression rate of HBeAg by 50.5% at 100 µg/mL. In addition, HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels were measured after the cells were treated with L. alata extract for 6 d. At 10-100 µg/mL and 25-100 µg/mL, L. alata extract significantly inhibited the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg, respectively. At 100 µg/mL, L. alata extract inhibited the expression rates of HBsAg and HBeAg by 84.31% and 88.45%, respectively. In addition, L. alata extract showed significant inhibition on HBV DNA replication at 100 µg/mL.
CONCLUSION: L. alata extract have potent anti-HBV and hepatocyteprotective effects in vitro. The anti-hepatitis B effect of L. alata extract is likely based on their active components dicaffeoylquinic acids.
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Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase pathway attenuates acute liver failure by inhibiting macrophage activation. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:697560. [PMID: 24987711 PMCID: PMC4058580 DOI: 10.1155/2014/697560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in acute liver failure (ALF) and changes in macrophage activation by blocking it. ALF was induced in rats by administration of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with AA-861 (a specific 5-LO inhibitor), 24 hr before D-GalN/LPS administration. After D-GalN/LPS injection, the liver tissue was collected for assessment of histology, macrophage microstructure, macrophage counts, 5-LO mRNA formation, protein expression, and concentration of leukotrienes. Serum was collected for detecting alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (Tbil), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α . Twenty-four hours after injection, compared with controls, ALF rats were characterized by widespread hepatocyte necrosis and elevated ALT, AST, and Tbil, and 5-LO protein expression reached a peak. Liver leukotriene B4 was also significantly elevated. However, 5-LO mRNA reached a peak 8 hr after D-GalN/LPS injection. Simultaneously, the microstructure of macrophages was changed most significantly and macrophages counts were increased significantly. Moreover, serum TNF- α was also elevated. By contrast, AA-861 pretreatment significantly decreased liver necrosis as well as all of the parameters compared with the rats without pretreatment. Macrophages, via the 5-LO pathway, play a critical role in ALF, and 5-LO inhibitor significantly alleviates ALF, possibly related to macrophage inhibition.
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1-Methylmalate from Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia) SuppressedD-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:573-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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