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Zanabria R, Tellez A, Griffiths M, Sharif S, Corredig M. Modulation of immune function by milk fat globule membrane isolates. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2017-26. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vanderghem C, Francis F, Danthine S, Deroanne C, Paquot M, De Pauw E, Blecker C. Study on the susceptibility of the bovine milk fat globule membrane proteins to enzymatic hydrolysis and organization of some of the proteins. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: The bovine milk fat globule membrane–its formation, composition, structure and behaviour in milk and dairy products. J DAIRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900032581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Faulkner A, Pollock HT. The effects of concanavalin A on milk secretion and mammary metabolism in the goat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 967:284-8. [PMID: 3191155 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(88)90021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of concanavalin A on the rate of milk secretion and the concentration of metabolites in milk were studied following intramammary injection of the lectin via the teat canal into one mammary gland of lactating goats. Concanavalin A decreased milk secretion from the treated gland, reduced the concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate, nucleoside diphosphate and 2-oxoglutarate in milk and increased the concentrations of glucose, galactose, glycerol, L-lactate, pyruvate, isocitrate and citrate. The changes in the concentrations of the metabolites in milk are discussed in relation to biochemical changes occurring in the mammary gland during the suppression of milk secretion. It is suggested that, when lactose synthesis and secretion is decreased, substantial metabolism of glucose via glycolysis occurs.
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Schindler M, Hogan M, Miller R, DeGaetano D. A nuclear specific glycoprotein representative of a unique pattern of glycosylation. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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7
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Patton S, Welsch U, Singh S. Intramammary infusion technique for genetic engineering of the mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67:1323-6. [PMID: 6589248 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(84)81440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is an appropriate substrate for genetic engineering because of its capacity to synthesize and secrete molecules of biological importance. An approach to mass production of such molecules involves transfer of genes into the lactating cell by infusion via the teat and duct system. We describe an infusion technique with the rat, a useful animal in which to develop such technology. By dye maker, trypan blue, and the ultrastructural marker, ferritin-concanavalin A, infusions by this route can permeate the entire gland and deliver molecules to apical membranes of lactating cells.
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8
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Fuhrmann C, Bereiter-Hahn J. Coincidence of endoplasmic reticulum pattern as visualized by FITC-Con A-fluorescence and electron microscopy. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1984; 80:153-6. [PMID: 6201466 DOI: 10.1007/bf00679990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
FITC-Con A-fluorescence and electron microscopy have been used in parallel for the visualization of rough endoplasmic reticulum in Xenopus laevis tadpole heart primary tissue culture cells. rER distribution pattern as revealed by both methods is compared by superimposition of images of the same cell. Coincidence of rER distribution is established.
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Patton S, Hubert J. Binding of Concanavalin A to Milk Fat Globules and Release of the Lectin-Membrane Complex by Triton X-100. J Dairy Sci 1983. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(83)82087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Hartmann M, Ehrhardt A, Benveniste P. Concanavalin a binding as a tool in determining the sidedness of membrane vesicles from maize coleoptiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(83)90222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Welsch U, Singh S, Stemberger BH, Buchheim W, Patton S. Ultrastructural changes in lactating tissue related to the suppression of milk secretion by concanavalin A. Cell Tissue Res 1983; 230:527-41. [PMID: 6682708 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant lectin, concanavalin A (Con A) suppresses milk secretion when infused into the mammary gland or when incubated with lactating tissue in vitro. Toward defining its mode of action, we infused Con A into rat and goat mammary glands via the teats and observed effects on lactating cells. Lectin dosages were 2 and 25 mg per gland for rats and goat, respectively. Tissue samples were taken 1 and 3 h post infusion for rats and at 24 h for the goat. Control and Con A-treated tissues were observed by light microscopy and by both thin section and freeze fracture electron microscopy. In comparison to controls, Con A-treated tissues of both species exhibited alveoli with enlarged cells and relatively empty lumina; cells were distended with secretory vesicles and fat droplets. Apical plasma membranes of lectin-affected cells of the rat displayed a marked reduction in the number of microvilli, and exhibited an atypical branching and folded structure. Morphometry was employed to quantitate changes in cell and secretory product parameters in both rat and goat tissue. Microtubule numbers and distribution did not appear to be altered by Con A but considerable changes were noted in the arrangement of microfilaments associated with the secretory surface of lectin-treated epithelial cells. Various related ultrastructural changes and the role of Con A in perturbing the microfilament system are discussed.
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Bourguignon LY, Butman BT. Intracellular localization of certain membrane glycoproteins in mouse T-lymphoma cells using immunoferritin staining of ultrathin frozen sections. J Cell Physiol 1982; 110:203-12. [PMID: 6121821 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies on the cellular morphology of culturd mouse T-lymphoma cells (with particular emphasis on organelles and membrane-associated materials) were conducted using both frozen thin sections and epon thin sections. Due to the fact that the frozen thin sectioning technique allows antigenicity to be retained and also permits good accessibility of the external macromolecular reagents to the interior of the cell, we have been able to explore the intracellular localization of some membrane glycoproteins such as Con A-binding sites and viral membrane glycoprotein, gp 69/71. Our data indicate that most of the membranous cellular structures (e.g., rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi and nuclear envelope) contain the Con A-specific sugars, mannose, and glucose. In addition, we have found that intracellular gp 69/71 molecules exist in an aggregated form at the terminal region of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and in vesicles of two size ranges (0.1 to 0.15 microns and 0.3 to 0.4 microns) as well as in the cytoplasm close to the plasma membrane. These findings have not only confirmed some of the previous biochemical data but have also provided new information concerning the biochemical nature of intracellular membrane components and the possible biosynthetic fate of membrane precursor molecules.
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13
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Discriminative ability and function of the immunobiological recognition system of the snailHelix pomatia. J Comp Physiol B 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Schrével J, Gros D, Monsigny M. Cytochemistry of cell glycoconjugates. PROGRESS IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 1981; 14:1-269. [PMID: 6175992 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(81)80005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Evans WH. A biochemical dissection of the functional polarity of the plasma membrane of the hepatocyte. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 604:27-64. [PMID: 6992871 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Patton S, Bogus ER, Stemberger BH, Trams EG. Antiserum to the milk fat globule membrane. Preparation and capacity to suppress milk secretion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 597:216-33. [PMID: 6989397 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A procedure is described for preparing rabbit antiserum to goat milk fat globule membrane. This membrane is derived from the secretory surface of the lactating cell. Immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that antibody development reached maximal levels in about 6--8 weeks. Infusion of 5--10 ml of this antiserum into the lactating mammary gland of goats via the teat canal depressed milk yields temporarily on the infused side to 60--80% of normal. Ordinary serum from rabbit, goat or human did not evoke such a response and rabbit complement was not essential for the effect. Fractionation showed that the globulin fraction of the antiserum contained the milk-suppressing principle. Milk from the antiserum-infused side of the udder showed extensive and tenacious clumping of fat globules on standing 12--24 h. The inhibition of milk flow by antibodies to the secretory membrane resembles a previously observed inhibition following infusion of concanavalin A or its succinyl derivative. Binding of antibodies or lectins which recognize specific surface protein components of the lactating cell appears to be involved in the suppression mechanism. The possible relevance of our findings to autoimmune suppression of exocytosis is noted.
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Kuhn NJ, Wooding FB, White A. Properties of galactosyltransferase-enriched vesicles of Golgi membranes from lactating-rat mammary gland. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 103:377-85. [PMID: 6767607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lactose was synthesised within the lumen of purified Golgi membrane vesicles, prepared from lactating rat mammary gland, from externally added glucose and UDP-galactose. An apparent Km of 1.5 mM was shown towards glucose at anomeric equilibrium, but only beta-glucose was utilised. Two apparent Km values, about 17 micro M and 112 micro M, were shown towards UDP-galactose. 5-D-Thioglucose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose and 6-deoxy-6-chloro-D-glucose were alternative substrates, acquiring alpha-lactalbumin dependence when the vesicles were lysed with detergent. Substrates independent of alpha-lactalbumin, or inhibited by it, included a wide range of N-acylated glucosamines as well as phenyl-beta-glucoside. The galactosylation of these by vesicle preparations could be ascribed to a proportion of leaky vesicles. Suitably low concentrations of Triton X-100 activated lactose synthesis by intact vesicles, indicating the membrane as a rate-limiting feature of the system.
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18
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Michel S, Cozzone AJ. On the binding of concanavalin A to bacterial and mammalian ribosomes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 12:485-8. [PMID: 6998790 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(80)90133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Morré DJ, Kartenbeck J, Franke WW. Membrane flow and intercoversions among endomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 559:71-52. [PMID: 375982 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(79)90008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Morré DJ, Schirrmacher V, Robinson P, Hess K, Franke WW. H-2 histocompatibility antigens of subcellular membranes of mouse liver. Exp Cell Res 1979; 119:265-75. [PMID: 570925 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Freudenstein C, Keenan TW, Eigel WN, Sasaki M, Stadler J, Franke WW. Preparation and characterization of the inner coat material associated with fat globule membranes from bovine and human milk. Exp Cell Res 1979; 118:277-94. [PMID: 570109 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Murray LR, Powell KM, Sasaki M, Eigel WN, Keenan TW. Comparison of lectin receptor and membrane coat-associated glycoproteins of milk lipid globule membranes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 63:137-45. [PMID: 318396 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(79)90246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. Glycoproteins of bovine (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) milk lipid globule membranes were characterized by ability to bind lectins after electrophoretic separation. 2. Seven lectin receptor glycoproteins were detected in bovine and five in human milk lipid globule membranes. Bovine and human globule membrane glycoproteins differed in ability to interact with certain lectins. 3. Two major nonionic detergent insoluble glycoproteins were present in bovine and human lipid globule membrane; these constituents had apparent molecular weights of 155,000 and 69,000. Detergent-insoluble polypeptides with similar or identical electrophoretic mobilities were found in milk lipid globule membranes from four other species, rat (Rattus norvegicus), sheep (Ovis aries), pig (Sus scrofa) and goat (Capra hircus). Tryptic peptide mapping revealed these polypeptides to be nonidentical among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Murray
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Rodriguez Boulan E, Kreibich G, Sabatini DD. Spatial orientation of glycoproteins in membranes of rat liver rough microsomes. I. Localization of lectin-binding sites in microsomal membranes. J Cell Biol 1978; 78:874-93. [PMID: 701363 PMCID: PMC2110186 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.78.3.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-containing structures in rat liver rough microsomes (RM) were localized and characterized using iodinated lectins of defined specificity. Binding of [125I]Con A increased six- to sevenfold in the presence of low DOC (0.04--0.05%) which opens the vesicles and allows the penetration of the lectins. On the other hand, binding of [125I]WGA and [125I]RCA increased only slightly when the microsomal vesicles were opened by DOC. Sites available in the intact microsomal fraction had an affinity for [125I]Con A 14 times higher than sites for lectin binding which were exposed by the detergent treatment. Lectin-binding sites in RM were also localized electron microscopically with lectins covalently bound to biotin, which, in turn, were visualized after their reaction with ferritin-avidin (F-Av) markers. Using this method, it was demonstrated that in untreated RM samples, binding sites for lectins are not present on the cytoplasmic face of the microsomal vesicles, even after removal of ribosomes by treatment with high salt buffer and puromycin, but are located on smooth membranes which contaminate the rough microsomal fraction. Combining this technique with procedures which render the interior of the microsomal vesicles accessible to lectins and remove luminal proteins, it was found that RM membranes contain binding sites for Con A and for Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) located exclusively on the cisternal face of the membrane. No sites for WGA, RCA, soybean (SBA) and Lotus tetragonobulus (LTA) agglutinins were detected on either the cytoplasmic or the luminal faces of the rough microsomes. These observations demonstrate that: (a) sugar moieties of microsomal glycoproteins are exposed only on the luminal surface of the membranes and (b) microsomal membrane glycoproteins have incomplete carbohydrate chains without the characteristic terminal trisaccharides N-acetylglucosamine comes from galactose comes from sialic acid or fucose present in most glycoproteins secreted by the liver. The orientation and composition of the carbohydrate chains in microsomal glycoproteins indicate that the passage of these glycoproteins through the Golgi apparatus, followed by their return to the endoplasmic reticulum, is not required for their biogenesis and insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
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Abstract
Drugs which interfere with the mechanism of exocytosis such as colchicine and vincristine, so-called microtubule antagonists, are providing a fruitful approach to the study of milk secretion at the cellular level. Intramammary infusions of a milligram or less of these substances into lactating goats produce dramatic drops in milk yields in 24 to 36 h. These depressions are reversed substantially by 48 h. In vitro experiments and tissue observations confirm that these drugs are blocking secretion at the level of the lactating cell and that secretion of all the major milk components (fat globules, casein micelles, lactose, and water) is restrained. Mammary infusion of the plant lectin concanavalin A, a protein which binds to cell surface receptors, produces similar changes in milk flow to those of the microtubule antagonists. This indicates that cell surface membrane components perturbed by concanavalin also must be involved in the secretory mechanism. One of the known receptors for concanavalin A in the apical (secretory) plasma membrane of the lactating cell is the enzyme 5'nucleotidase. The possibility must be considered that this enzyme (glycoprotein), inactivated by concanavalin A, is involved in milk secretion.
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Horisberger M, Rosset J, Vonlanthen M. Location of lectin receptors on rat hepatocytes by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. EXPERIENTIA 1978; 34:274-6. [PMID: 624376 DOI: 10.1007/bf01944725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Raftell M. Enzymatically active rat liver microsomal antigens with concanavalin A-binding properties. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1977; 14:787-92. [PMID: 202560 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(77)90348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Horisberger M, Rosset J, Vonlanthen M. Location of glycoproteins on milk fat globule membrane by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, using lectin-labelled gold granules. Exp Cell Res 1977; 109:361-9. [PMID: 562271 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(77)90015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Costlow ME, Gallagher PE. Concanavalin A induced alterations in 125I-labeled prolactin binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 77:905-11. [PMID: 197951 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(77)80063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Feldherr CM, Richmond PA, Noonan KD. The distribution of ConA-binding sites on oocyte nuclear envelopes. Exp Cell Res 1977; 107:439-44. [PMID: 559581 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(77)90367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Nielsen CS, Bjerrum OJ. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of bovine milk fat globule membrane protein solubilized with non-ionic detergent. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 466:496-509. [PMID: 139925 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(77)90342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detergent solubilized bovine milk fat globule membrane material studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis combined with histochemical techniques revealed four major protein complexes. All four were found to bind to concanavalin A and three were identified as sialoglycoproteins. Xanthine oxidase activity was associated with the non-sialoglycoprotein precipitate. Immunoabsorption with intact milk fat globules showed an internal location of the xanthine oxidase, whereas the three other main proteins plus Mg2+-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase were disposed on the outer membrane surface. The major proteins from milk fat globule membrane and membrane material isolated from skim milk showed immunochemical identity.
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Köttgen E. [Biology of lectins and their application in clinical biochemistry (author's transl)]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1977; 55:359-73. [PMID: 323566 DOI: 10.1007/bf01488621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins, originally isolated from plant seeds. Characteristics are their ability to bind glycoproteins or glycolipids depending on the carbohydrate residues. The present review describes the structure of the lectins, their binding specificity and their functions with respect to precipitation of glycoproteins, agglutination of cells, transformation of lymphocytes and toxic action. Recently, lectin-analogs have been described in rabbit liver, which are responsible for hepatic uptake of circulating glycoproteins. The regulation of this process is intimately linked to the terminal N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NA-NA). Moreover, its significance is shown during fetal development, oncogenic transformation, immunologic recognition as well as homostasis. Due to the different terminal carbohydrate residues, glycoproteins of adult, fetal or transformed cells can be separated using affinity chromatography. Besides the purification of glycoproteins, lectins are also used for the separation of intact cells. Therefore the use of lectins is recommended for preparative and analytical methods, for the measurements of glycoprotein-turnover and for clinical diagnostics.
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Michaels GA, Whitlock SD, Horowitz P, Levin P. Binding of concanavalin A to nuclei of unsynchronized and synchronized HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 75:480-7. [PMID: 851450 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chandramouli V, Williams S, Marshall JS, Carter JR. Cell surface changes in diabetic rats. Studies of lectin binding to liver cell plasma membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 465:19-33. [PMID: 138442 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(77)90352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported changes in the chemical composition of cell surface membranes in diabetic rats (Chandramoulis, V. and Carter, Jr., J. R. (1975) Diabetes 24, 257-262 [1]). To examine the possible implications of these changes for cell surface structures, we have measured the binding of labeled lectins and desialylated glycoproteins to plasma membranes prepared from the livers of streptozotocin--diabetic and control rats. Lectins were chosen which have affinities for different carbohydrate moieties. The binding of ricin and concanavalin A to liver cell membranes from the diabetic rats was significantly reduced, but no change in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin was noted. Binding of desialylated thyrozine--binding globulin, previously shown to be dependent on membrane sialic acid residues, ws strongly suggest that insulin deficiency leads to generalized changes in cell surfaced glycoproteins, at least in this animal model of diabetes.
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Concanavalin A binding to membranes of the Golgi apparatus and resultant modification of galactosyltransferase activity. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Boller T, Dürr M, Wiemken A. Asymmetric distribution of concanavalin A binding sites on yeast plasmalemma and vacuolar membrane. Arch Microbiol 1976; 109:115-8. [PMID: 786196 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Isolated vacuoles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not bind Concanavalin A (labelled with tritium or with a fluorescent dye) unless the vacuoles were rendered permeable and their inner membrane surface made accessible. Yeast protoplasts, on the other hand, bound large amounts of Concanavalin A on their surface, and the number of binding sites was not increased after a gentle lysis expected to expose also the inner surface of the plasmalemma. It is concluded that both the plasmalemma and the vacuolar membrane carry Concanavalin A binding sites exclusively on the surface opposite to the cytoplasmic matrix.
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Bowles DJ, Kauss H. Isolation of a lectin from liver plasma membrane and its binding to cellular membrane receptors in vitro. FEBS Lett 1976; 66:16-9. [PMID: 1278437 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Keenan TW, Morré DJ. Glycosyltransferases: do they exist on the surface membrane of mammalian cells? FEBS Lett 1975; 55:8-13. [PMID: 1095425 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Berzins K, Blomberg F. Identification of concanavalin A-binding plasma membrane antigens of rat liver. FEBS Lett 1975; 54:139-43. [PMID: 1132502 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane was solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol and the membrane proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The membrane preparations contained three major size classes of polypeptide of 155,000, 62,500 and 43,500 daltons. At least five glycopeptides were separated of which two stained intensely with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, but poorly with coomassie blue. Trypsin hydrolysis of whole cream and isolated milk fat globule membrane revealed major differences in the rates of protein hydrolysis. Many of the membrane proteins of whole cream resisted proteolysis compared with the same proteins in the isolated membrane. Two glycopeptides were resistant to trypsin digestion in either preparation. Treatment of whole cream with neuraminidase led to the release of at least 70% of the protein-bound sialic acid. Whole cream and isolated membrane samples were iodinated with 125I in the presence of lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The membrane proteins were significantly more accessible to lactoperoxidase-125I i in isolated membrane compared with the proteins of whole cream. Polypeptides of molecular weight 43,500 and approximately 48,000 daltons were predominantly labelled in whole cream and could be eluted from the fat globules with magnesium chloride (1.5m). The results strongly suggest that the proteins of milk fat globule membrane are asymmetrically arranged in the membrane and that most of the protein-bound sialic acid is present on the external surface of milk fat globules.
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Kroker R, Hegner D. Effects of concanavalin A on the isolated perfused rat liver. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1975; 289:205-15. [PMID: 1165794 DOI: 10.1007/bf00501306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the isolated perfused liver, Concanavalin A provoked a significant decrease of flow rate within 2 to 4 min. which was dose-dependent and could be partly inhibited by specific antagonists. Furthermore it was found that the lectin led to a decline of the respiration, an increase of the lactate/pyruvate ratio and a release of the transaminases into the medium. It was suggested that Concanavalin A displaced endothelial cells in the liver capillaries, which occluded the vessels and decreased the flow rate. The decreased respiration was considered to be secondary to this effect.
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