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Qiang E, Xu H. PGE 2 synthesis and signaling in the liver physiology and pathophysiology: An update. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106875. [PMID: 39019102 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in systemic metabolism and drug degradation. However, it is highly susceptible to damage due to various factors, including metabolic imbalances, excessive alcohol consumption, viral infections, and drug influences. These factors often result in conditions such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and acute or chronic liver injury. Failure to address these injuries could promptly lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that belongs to the class of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is synthesized via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. By binding to its G protein coupled receptors (i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4), PGE2 has a wide range of physiological and pathophysiology effects, including pain, inflammation, fever, cardiovascular homeostasis, etc. Recently, emerging studies showed that PGE2 plays an indispensable role in liver health and disease. This review focus on the research progress of the role of PGE2 synthase and its receptors in liver physiological and pathophysiological processes and discuss the possibility of developing liver protective drugs targeting the COXs/PGESs/PGE2/EPs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjiao Qiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Ozcan L, Wong CC, Li G, Xu T, Pajvani U, Park SKR, Wronska A, Chen BX, Marks AR, Fukamizu A, Backs J, Singer HA, Yates JR, Accili D, Tabas I. Calcium signaling through CaMKII regulates hepatic glucose production in fasting and obesity. Cell Metab 2012; 15:739-51. [PMID: 22503562 PMCID: PMC3348356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is crucial for glucose homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that a calcium-sensing enzyme, CaMKII, is activated in a calcium- and IP3R-dependent manner by cAMP and glucagon in primary hepatocytes and by glucagon and fasting in vivo. Genetic deficiency or inhibition of CaMKII blocks nuclear translocation of FoxO1 by affecting its phosphorylation, impairs fasting- and glucagon/cAMP-induced glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and lowers blood glucose levels, while constitutively active CaMKII has the opposite effects. Importantly, the suppressive effect of CaMKII deficiency on glucose metabolism is abrogated by transduction with constitutively nuclear FoxO1, indicating that the effect of CaMKII deficiency requires nuclear exclusion of FoxO1. This same pathway is also involved in excessive HGP in the setting of obesity. These results reveal a calcium-mediated signaling pathway involved in FoxO1 nuclear localization and hepatic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine C.L. Wong
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Utpal Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sung Kyu Robin Park
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anetta Wronska
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and The Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bi-Xing Chen
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and The Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and The Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harold A. Singer
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and The Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence:
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