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Grewal T, Rentero C, Enrich C, Wahba M, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Annexin Animal Models-From Fundamental Principles to Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073439. [PMID: 33810523 PMCID: PMC8037771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine manipulation of the mouse genome has become a landmark in biomedical research. Traits that are only associated with advanced developmental stages can now be investigated within a living organism, and the in vivo analysis of corresponding phenotypes and functions advances the translation into the clinical setting. The annexins, a family of closely related calcium (Ca2+)- and lipid-binding proteins, are found at various intra- and extracellular locations, and interact with a broad range of membrane lipids and proteins. Their impacts on cellular functions has been extensively assessed in vitro, yet annexin-deficient mouse models generally develop normally and do not display obvious phenotypes. Only in recent years, studies examining genetically modified annexin mouse models which were exposed to stress conditions mimicking human disease often revealed striking phenotypes. This review is the first comprehensive overview of annexin-related research using animal models and their exciting future use for relevant issues in biology and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carsten A. Raabe
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
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Maniero MÁ, Wuilloud RG, Callegari EA, Smichowski PN, Fanelli MA. Metalloproteomics analysis in human mammary cell lines treated with inorganic mercury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126441. [PMID: 31812871 PMCID: PMC8061084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interest in inorganic Hg toxicity and carcinogenicity has been pointed to target organs such as kidney, brain or placenta, but only a few studies have focused on the mammary gland. In this work, analytical combination techniques (SDS-PAGE followed by CV-AFS, and nanoUPLC-ESI-MS/MS) were used to determine proteins that could bind Hg in three human mammary cell lines. Two of them were tumorigenic (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and the other one was the non-tumorigenic cell line (MCF-10A). There are no studies that provide this kind of information in breast cell lines with IHg treatment. Previously, we described the viability, uptake and the subcellular distribution of Hg in human breast cells and analysis of RNA-seq about the genes that encode proteins which are related to cytotoxicity of Hg. This work provides important protein candidates for further studies of Hg toxicity in the mammary gland, thus expanding our understanding of how environmental contaminants might affect tumor progression and contribute with future therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariángeles Ávila Maniero
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur del Acceso Este 2245, M5519, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo G Wuilloud
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo A Callegari
- BRIN-USDS SOM Proteomics Facility, University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Patricia N Smichowski
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gerencia Química, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650 Villa Maipú, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariel A Fanelli
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Av. Dr. Adrian Ruiz Leal, Mendoza, Argentina
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Unterholzner J, Gryglewski G, Philippe C, Seiger R, Pichler V, Godbersen GM, Berroterán-Infante N, Murgaš M, Hahn A, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Topologically Guided Prioritization of Candidate Gene Transcripts Coexpressed with the 5-HT1A Receptor by Combining In Vivo PET and Allen Human Brain Atlas Data. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3771-3780. [PMID: 31989157 PMCID: PMC7232988 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1AR) represents a viable target in the treatment of disorders of the brain. However, development of psychiatric drugs continues to be hindered by the relative inaccessibility of brain tissue. Although the efficacy of drugs selective for the 5-HT1AR has not been proven, research continues to focus on drugs that influence this receptor subtype. To further knowledge on this topic, we investigated the topological coexpression patterns of the 5-HT1AR. We calculated Spearman’s rho for the correlation of positron emission tomography-binding potentials (BPND) of the 5-HT1AR assessed in 30 healthy subjects using the tracer [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and predicted whole-brain mRNA expression of 18 686 genes. After applying a threshold of r > 0.3 in a leave-one-out cross-validation of the prediction of mRNA expression, genes with ρ ≥ 0.7 were considered to be relevant. In cortical regions, 199 genes showed high correlation with the BPND of the 5-HT1AR, in subcortical regions 194 genes. Using our approach, we could consolidate the role of BDNF and implicate new genes (AnxA8, NeuroD2) in serotonergic functioning. Despite its explorative nature, the analysis can be seen as a gene prioritization approach to reduce the number of genes potentially connected to 5-HT1AR functioning and guide future in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Seiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Centre for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Grewal T, Enrich C, Rentero C, Buechler C. Annexins in Adipose Tissue: Novel Players in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143449. [PMID: 31337068 PMCID: PMC6678658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the associated comorbidities are a growing health threat worldwide. Adipose tissue dysfunction, impaired adipokine activity, and inflammation are central to metabolic diseases related to obesity. In particular, the excess storage of lipids in adipose tissues disturbs cellular homeostasis. Amongst others, organelle function and cell signaling, often related to the altered composition of specialized membrane microdomains (lipid rafts), are affected. Within this context, the conserved family of annexins are well known to associate with membranes in a calcium (Ca2+)- and phospholipid-dependent manner in order to regulate membrane-related events, such as trafficking in endo- and exocytosis and membrane microdomain organization. These multiple activities of annexins are facilitated through their diverse interactions with a plethora of lipids and proteins, often in different cellular locations and with consequences for the activity of receptors, transporters, metabolic enzymes, and signaling complexes. While increasing evidence points at the function of annexins in lipid homeostasis and cell metabolism in various cells and organs, their role in adipose tissue, obesity and related metabolic diseases is still not well understood. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a potent pro-resolving mediator affecting the regulation of body weight and metabolic health. Relevant for glucose metabolism and fatty acid uptake in adipose tissue, several studies suggest AnxA2 to contribute to coordinate glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and to associate with the fatty acid transporter CD36. On the other hand, AnxA6 has been linked to the control of adipocyte lipolysis and adiponectin release. In addition, several other annexins are expressed in fat tissues, yet their roles in adipocytes are less well examined. The current review article summarizes studies on the expression of annexins in adipocytes and in obesity. Research efforts investigating the potential role of annexins in fat tissue relevant to health and metabolic disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 in the liver: From the endocytic compartment to cellular physiology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:933-946. [PMID: 27984093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A6 (AnxA6) belongs to the conserved annexin family - a group of Ca2+-dependent membrane binding proteins. AnxA6 is the largest of all annexins and highly expressed in smooth muscle, hepatocytes, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Upon activation, AnxA6 binds to negatively charged phospholipids in a wide range of intracellular localizations, in particular the plasma membrane, late endosomes/pre-lysosomes, but also synaptic vesicles and sarcolemma. In these cellular sites, AnxA6 is believed to contribute to the organization of membrane microdomains, such as cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and confer multiple regulatory functions, ranging from vesicle fusion, endocytosis and exocytosis to programmed cell death and muscle contraction. Growing evidence supports that Ca2+ and Ca2+-binding proteins control endocytosis and autophagy. Their regulatory role seems to operate at the level of the signalling pathways that initiate autophagy or at later stages, when autophagosomes fuse with endolysosomal compartments. The convergence of the autophagic and endocytic vesicles to lysosomes shares several features that depend on Ca2+ originating from lysosomes/late endosomes and seems to depend on proteins that are subsequently activated by this cation. However, the involvement of Ca2+ and its effector proteins in these autophagic and endocytic stages still remains poorly understood. Although AnxA6 makes up almost 0.25% of total protein in the liver, little is known about its function in hepatocytes. Within the endocytic route, we identified AnxA6 in endosomes and autophagosomes of hepatocytes. Hence, AnxA6 and possibly other annexins might represent new Ca2+ effectors that regulate converging steps of autophagy and endocytic trafficking in hepatocytes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy A15, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wezynfeld NE, Bossak K, Goch W, Bonna A, Bal W, Frączyk T. Human annexins A1, A2, and A8 as potential molecular targets for Ni(II) ions. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1996-2009. [PMID: 25330107 DOI: 10.1021/tx500337w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel is harmful for humans, but molecular mechanisms of its toxicity are far from being fully elucidated. One of such mechanisms may be associated with the Ni(II)-dependent peptide bond hydrolysis, which occurs before Ser/Thr in Ser/Thr-Xaa-His sequences. Human annexins A1, A2, and A8, proteins modulating the immune system, contain several such sequences. To test if these proteins are potential molecular targets for nickel toxicity we characterized the binding of Ni(II) ions and hydrolysis of peptides Ac-KALTGHLEE-am (A1-1), Ac-TKYSKHDMN-am (A1-2), and Ac-GVGTRHKAL-am (A1-3), from annexin A1, Ac-KMSTVHEIL-am (A2-1) and Ac-SALSGHLET-am (A2-2), from annexin A2, and Ac-VKSSSHFNP-am (A8-1), from annexin A8, using UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, potentiometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). We found that at physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) peptides A1-2, A1-3, A8-1, and to some extent A2-2 bind Ni(II) ions sufficiently strongly in 4N complexes and are hydrolyzed at sufficiently high rates to justify the notion that these annexins can undergo nickel hydrolysis in vivo. These results are discussed in the context of specific biochemical interactions of respective proteins. Our results also expand the knowledge about Ni(II) binding to histidine peptides by determination of thermodynamic parameters of this process and spectroscopic characterization of 3N complexes. Altogether, our results indicate that human annexins A1, A2, and A8 are potential molecular targets for nickel toxicity and help design appropriate cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina E Wezynfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Benz N, Le Hir S, Norez C, Kerbiriou M, Calvez ML, Becq F, Trouvé P, Férec C. Improvement of chloride transport defect by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88964. [PMID: 24586461 PMCID: PMC3929654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, is due to mutations in the CFTR gene. F508del, the most frequent mutation in patients, impairs CFTR protein folding and biosynthesis. The F508del-CFTR protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its traffic to the plasma membrane is altered. Nevertheless, if it reaches the cell surface, it exhibits a Cl− channel function despite a short half-life. Pharmacological treatments may target the F508del-CFTR defect directly by binding to the mutant protein or indirectly by altering cellular proteostasis, and promote its plasma membrane targeting and stability. We previously showed that annexine A5 (AnxA5) directly binds to F508del-CFTR and, when overexpressed, promotes its membrane stability, leading to the restoration of some Cl− channel function in cells. Because Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) increases AnxA5 expression in some cells, we tested it in CF cells. We showed that human epithelial cells express GnRH-receptors (GnRH-R) and that GnRH induces an AnxA5 overexpression and an increased Cl− channel function in F508del-CFTR cells, due to an increased stability of the protein in the membranes. Beside the numerous physiological implications of the GnRH-R expression in epithelial cells, we propose that a topical use of GnRH is a potential treatment in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Benz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- Association Gaetan Saleun, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Le Hir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- C.H.U. Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Caroline Norez
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FRE 3511, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Kerbiriou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Laure Calvez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Brest, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FRE 3511, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pascal Trouvé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- * E-mail: (PT); (CF)
| | - Claude Férec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- C.H.U. Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Brest, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Bretagne, Brest, France
- * E-mail: (PT); (CF)
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Hata H, Tatemichi M, Nakadate T. Involvement of annexin A8 in the properties of pancreatic cancer. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:181-91. [PMID: 23001853 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although Annexin A8 (ANXA8), a member of a superfamily of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins, is physiologically expressed in a tissue-specific manner, recent microarray studies reported that ANXA8 was also ectopically expressed in pancreatic cancers. We investigated the molecular mechanism of expression of ANXA8 in cancer cells and its functional role in pancreatic cancer cells. ANXA8 was diversely expressed in human cancer cell lines. Expression was enhanced by treatment with 5-aza-dC and butyrate, and correlated with methylation status at CpG in the promoter-exon 1 region. Inhibition of ANXA8 using siRNA in BxPC-3 cells which express ANXA8 at a high level elevated caspase-3 and -7 activities. In in vitro invasion assay, inhibition of ANXA8 using siRNA in BxPC-3 reduced the numbers of migrating cells, and down-regulated HIF-1α mRNA transcription. Overexpression of ANXA8 increased the number of viable cells and BrdU incorporation in PANC-1 cells, which express ANXA8 at a low level. Expression of ANXA8 was induced under conditions of nutrient deprivation, and overexpression of ANXA8 showed resistance against serum starvation in PANC-1 cells. In a promoter assay, co-transfection with the expression vector of ANXA8 and the vector of a reporter gene containing the promoter of HIF-1α enhanced HIF-1α promoter activity. In contrast, this effect of ANXA8 was inhibited by administration of BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator. These results suggest that ectopic ANXA8 expression in cancer cells might involve an epigenetic mechanism. ANXA8 might play an important role in calcium fluctuation-mediated HIF-1α transcriptional activation and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Hata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wagner M, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Onder K. Gene expression analysis of an epidermolysis bullosa simplex Dowling-Meara cell line by subtractive hybridization: recapitulation of cellular differentiation, migration and wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2011; 21:111-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
At the cell surface, activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor triggers a complex network of signalling events that regulate a variety of cellular processes. For signal termination, the activated EGF receptor is internalised and targeted to lysosomes for degradation. Microdomain localization at the plasma membrane and endocytic transport of the EGFR is important for the formation of compartment-specific signalling complexes and is regulated by scaffolding and targeting proteins. This includes Ca2+-effector proteins, such as calmodulin and annexins (Anx), in particular AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA6 and as shown recently,AnxA8. Given that these annexins show differences in their expression patterns, subcellular localization and mode of action, they are likely to differentially contribute and cooperate in the fine-tuning of EGFR activity. In support of this hypothesis, current literature suggests these annexins to be involved in different steps that control the endocytic transport and signalling of the EGF receptor. This review summarizes how the coordinated activity of AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA6 and AnxA8 can contribute to regulate EGF receptor localization and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Sosnoski DM, Gay CV. Evaluation of bone-derived and marrow-derived vascular endothelial cells by microarray analysis. J Cell Biochem 2008; 102:463-72. [PMID: 17372935 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the differential expression levels of proteins that may exist between bone-derived and marrow-derived vascular endothelial cells (BVEC and MVEC). The vascular cells were isolated from trabecular bone regions and central marrow cavity regions of mouse long bones. Cells were cultured for 1 week to expand the population then separated from non-vascular cells using biotinylated isolectin B4, streptavidin-coated metallic microbeads, and a magnetic column. After an additional week of culture time, RNA was isolated from both cell types and compared using microarray analysis. RT-PCR was used to confirm and relatively quantitate the RNA messages. The bone-derived cells expressed more aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), Secreted Modular Calcium-2 (SMOC-2), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-beta), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and annexin 8 (ANX8) than the marrow-derived cells. Spalpha and matrix GLA-protein (MGP) were produced in greater abundance by the marrow-derived cells. This study reveals that there are profound and unique differences between the vasculature of the metaphysis as compared to that of the central marrow cavity. The unique array of proteins expressed by the bone-derived endothelial cells may support growth of tumors from cancer cells that frequently metastasize and lodge in the trabecular bone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Sosnoski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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12
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Runkel F, Michels M, Franken S, Franz T. Specific expression of annexin A8 in adult murine stratified epithelia. J Mol Histol 2006; 37:353-9. [PMID: 17082908 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-006-9063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A8 is a member of the annexin family of calcium-regulated membrane-binding proteins. In this report, we investigated the expression of annexin A8 in adult mouse organs. Northern blot analysis of adult mouse organs showed that a single annexin A8 transcript of 1.9 kb is expressed most strongly in skin, eye and tongue. In situ hybridisations using annexin A8-specific probes revealed that in the stratified epithelia of the tongue and the early postnatal epidermis, annexin A8 transcription could be detected in basal and suprabasal layers of these stratified epithelia. Western blot analyses using a murine ANXA8-specific antiserum showed, that the 36 kD ANXA8 protein was most abundant in the skin and tongue. The abundance of ANXA8 protein in the skin increased during postnatal days 1-18 and was immunohistochemically localised in suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the tongue epithelium as well, ANXA8 protein was found in suprabasal layers. ANXA8 immunoreactivity was also found in suprabasal layers of the stratified epithelia of the oesophagus and the forestomach, while it was detected in all layers of the cornea epithelium and in the cornea endothelium of the eye. We also investigated the expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha protein (RARA) and ANXA8 in the epidermis immunohistochemically. While RARA immunoreactivity was exclusively detected in the basal layer, ANXA8 immunoreactivity was restricted to suprabasal layers of the epidermis. Thus, ANXA8 protein is most abundant in stratified epithelia of the postnatal mouse. Its location in the suprabasal layers suggests that ANXA8 may be associated with the terminal differentiation of epithelial cells in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Runkel
- Anatomisches Institut, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Nussallee 10, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Goebeler V, Ruhe D, Gerke V, Rescher U. Annexin A8 displays unique phospholipid and F-actin binding properties. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2430-4. [PMID: 16638567 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A8 is a poorly characterized member of the annexin family of Ca2+-regulated membrane binding proteins. Initially only identified at the cDNA level it had been tentatively linked to acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) due to its high and regulated expression in APL-derived cells. Here we identify unique properties of the annexin A8 protein. We show that it binds Ca2+-dependently and with high specificity to phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and is also capable of interacting with F-actin. In line with these characteristics annexin A8 is recruited to F-actin-associated PtdIns(4,5)P2-rich membrane domains formed in HeLa cells upon infection with non-invading enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. These properties suggest a role of annexin A8 in the organization of certain actin-associated membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Goebeler
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Stein T, Price KN, Morris JS, Heath VJ, Ferrier RK, Bell AK, Pringle MA, Villadsen R, Petersen OW, Sauter G, Bryson G, Mallon EA, Gusterson BA. Annexin A8 is up-regulated during mouse mammary gland involution and predicts poor survival in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:6872-9. [PMID: 16203777 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microarray studies have linked Annexin A8 RNA expression to a "basal cell-like" subset of breast cancers, including BRCA1-related cancers, that are characterized by cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and CK17 expression and show poor prognosis. We assessed Annexin A8's contribution to the overall prognosis and its expression in normal, benign, and cancerous tissue and addressed Annexin A8's physiologic role in the mammary gland. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using microarrays and reverse transcription-PCR, the Annexin A8 expression was studied during mouse mammary gland development and in isolated mammary structures. Reverse transcription-PCR on cultured human luminal and basal cells, along with immunocytochemistry on normal and benign breast tissues, was used for cellular localization. Annexin A8's prognostic relevance and its coexpression with CK5 were assessed on tissue arrays of 1,631 cases of invasive breast cancer. Coexpression was further evaluated on a small cohort of 14 BRCA1-related breast cancers. RESULTS Annexin A8 was up-regulated during mouse mammary gland involution and in pubertal ductal epithelium. Annexin A8 showed preferred expression in cultured basal cells but predominant luminal expression in normal human breast tissue in vivo. Hyperplasias and in situ carcinomas showed a strong staining of basal cells. Annexin A8 expression was significantly associated with grade (P < 0.0001), CK5 (P < 0.0001), and estrogen receptor status (P < 0.0001); 85.7% BRCA1-related breast tumors coexpressed Annexin A8 and CK5. CONCLUSION Annexin A8 is involved in mouse mammary gland involution. In humans, it is a luminally expressed protein with basal expression in cell culture and in hyperplasia/ductal carcinoma in situ. Expression in invasive breast carcinomas has a significant effect on survival (P = 0.03) but is not independent of grade or CK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Stein
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Park DJ, Pask AJ, Huynh K, Renfree MB, Harley VR, Graves JAM. Comparative analysis of ATRX, a chromatin remodeling protein. Gene 2004; 339:39-48. [PMID: 15363844 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2004] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ATRX protein, associated with X-linked alpha-thalassaemia, mental retardation and developmental abnormalities including genital dysgenesis, has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional regulator within a multi-protein complex. However, an understanding of the composition and mechanics of this machinery has remained elusive. We applied inter-specific comparative analysis to identify conserved elements which may be involved in regulating the conformation of chromatin. As part of this study, we cloned and sequenced the entire translatable coding region (7.4 kb) of the ATRX gene from a model marsupial (tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii). We identify an ATRX ancestral core, conserved between plants, fish and mammals, comprising the cysteine-rich and SWI2/SNF2 helicase-like regions and protein interaction domains. Our data are consistent with the model of the cysteine-rich region as a DNA-binding zinc finger adjacent to a protein-binding (plant homeodomain-like) domain. Alignment of vertebrate ATRX sequences highlights other conserved elements, including a negatively charged mammalian sequence which we propose to be involved in binding of positively charged histone tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Park
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Gate 12 Royal Parade, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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16
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Dahlin K, Mager EM, Allen L, Tigue Z, Goodglick L, Wadehra M, Dobbs L. Identification of genes differentially expressed in rat alveolar type I cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 31:309-16. [PMID: 15205179 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0423oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although approximately 98% of the internal surface area of the lung is lined by alveolar type I cells, little is known about the functions of this cell type. Using freshly isolated rat type I and type II cells, we created a subtraction library by suppression subtractive hybridization to identify genes differentially expressed by type I cells. We identified twelve genes of known function that are differentially expressed by type I cells. Differential expression of all 12 genes was confirmed by Northern blotting; we confirmed differential expression by immunocytochemistry for 3 genes for which suitable antibodies were available. Most of the genes code for proteins that are multifunctional. From the known functions of these genes, we infer that type I cells may play a role in the maintenance of normal alveolar homeostasis and protection from injury, lung development and remodeling, host defense, tumor/growth suppression, and surfactant metabolism, among other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dahlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
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17
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White AH, Watson REB, Newman B, Freemont AJ, Wallis GA. Annexin VIII is differentially expressed by chondrocytes in the mammalian growth plate during endochondral ossification and in osteoarthritic cartilage. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:1851-8. [PMID: 12369789 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.10.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is the developmental process that leads to the formation and coordinated longitudinal growth of the majority of the vertebrate skeleton. Central to this process is chondrocyte differentiation occurring in the growth plate that lies at the junction between the epiphyseal cartilage and the bone. To identify novel factors involved in this differentiation process, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed to amplify preferentially cDNAs uniquely expressed in fetal bovine growth plate chondrocytes as opposed to epiphyseal chondrocytes. The subtracted product was used to screen a fetal bovine chondrocyte cDNA library. One of the cDNA clones identified encoded the bovine orthologue of annexin VIII, a protein not previously described in the growth plate. Northern and Western blotting confirmed that annexin VIII was expressed by growth plate chondrocytes and not by epiphyseal chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry of the fetal bovine growth plate identified a gradient of increasing annexin VIII protein from the proliferative to the hypertrophic zone. Immunofluorescence localized annexin VIII largely to the chondrocyte cell membrane. In a preliminary study, we examined the distribution of annexin VIII in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage. In OA cartilage, the protein was located in a subset of mid- to deep zone chondrocytes and in the matrix surrounding these cells; no annexin VIII was detected in normal articular cartilage. Thus annexin VIII is a marker for chondrocyte differentiation during normal endochondral ossification and may act as a marker for cells undergoing inappropriate differentiation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia H White
- The Wellcome Trust Center for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Kourie JI, Wood HB. Biophysical and molecular properties of annexin-formed channels. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 73:91-134. [PMID: 10958928 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(00)00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The annexins are water soluble proteins possessing a hydrophilic surface, which belong to a family of proteins which (a) bind ('annex') both calcium and phospholipids, and (b) form voltage-dependent calcium channels within planar lipid bilayers. Annexins types are diverse (94 annexins in 45 species) and they belong to an enormous multigene family that ranges throughout all eukaryotic kingdoms. Although the structure of these proteins is now well known their functional and physiological roles remain largely unknown and circumstantial. Various experimental approaches provided evidence that annexins function as Ca(2+) channels that could act as regulators of membrane fusion. The identity of annexins is derived from the conserved 34 kDa C-terminal domain which comprises four repeats - except for annexin VI, with eight repeats - of a sequence of approximately seventy amino acids, which holds the area known as the 'endonexin fold', with its identifying GXGTDE. Annexins have been placed into three subgroups of (1) tetrad core and short amino terminal, (2) tetrad core and long amino terminal, and (3) octad core and short amino terminal. The repeats are highly conserved, each forming a compact alpha-helical domain comprising five alpha-helices wound in a right-handed superhelix. Four domains are formed, arranged in a nearly flat and cyclical array, with domains I and IV, and II and III respectively forming two tightly organised modules with almost twofold symmetry. A hydrophilic pore lies at the centre of the molecule, forming a prominent ion channel coated with charged and highly conserved residues. The annexin molecule is slightly curved, with both a convex and a concave face. The cation/anion permeability ratios and the selectivity sequence of the ion channels formed by several annexins confirm the selectivity of the annexins for Ca(2+) over other divalent cations, and reveals the importance of structural sites, e.g. amino acid positions 17, 78, 95 and 112 for the identification of the ion channel's position, function and regulation. Some are sensitive to low doses of the phenothiazine drugs, trifluoperazine (an anti-schizophrenia drug) and promethazine (anti nausea drug) La(3+) and Cd(2+), (blockers of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels) nifedipine (an inhibitor of non-activating Ca(2+) channels). There are two main competing models used to explain in vitro ion channel activity of annexins: one involves changes in the conductance of ion via electrostatic disturbance of the membrane surface; the other involves a much more extensive alteration in protein structure and a correspondingly deeper penetration into the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Kourie
- Department of Chemistry, Membrane Transport Group, The Faculties, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Canberra City, Australia.
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19
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Benevolensky D, Belikova Y, Mohammadzadeh R, Trouvé P, Marotte F, Russo-Marie F, Samuel JL, Charlemagne D. Expression and localization of the annexins II, V, and VI in myocardium from patients with end-stage heart failure. J Transl Med 2000; 80:123-33. [PMID: 10701682 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins II, V, and VI belong to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins that have been involved mainly in signal transduction, differentiation, membrane trafficking events, or binding to the extracellular matrix, or that might be effective as Ca(2+)-channels. They are abundant in the mammalian myocardium and might play a role in ventricular remodeling and altered calcium handling during heart failure. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression and distribution of these annexins in nonfailing (n = 9) and failing human hearts with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 11). Northern blot and slot blot analysis were used to determine the annexin mRNA levels and Western blots were used to quantify the amounts of annexin proteins. Distribution of annexins was studied by immunohistofluorescence labeling and compared with that of a sarcolemmal marker (Na+/K(+)-ATPase) and of a myofibrillar protein (alpha-actinin). We showed that nonfailing hearts contained a higher amount of annexin VI than of annexin V or II (13.5 +/- 1.8, 3.7 +/- 0.2, and 2.5 +/- 0.5 microg/mg protein, respectively). In failing hearts, there was a parallel increase in both mRNA and protein levels of annexin II (146% and 132%, p < 0.05, respectively) and annexin V (152%, p < 0.01, 147%, p < 0.005, respectively); the protein level of annexin VI was also increased (117%, p < 0.05), whereas the increase of its mRNA level was statistically insignificant. We observed a predominant localization of annexin II in interstitium, and of annexins V and VI in cardiomyocytes at the level of the sarcolemma, T-tubules, and intercalated disks in nonfailing hearts, whereas in failing hearts enlarged interstitium contained all three annexins. Furthermore, annexin V staining at the level of cardiomyocytes almost disappeared. In conclusion, we showed that heart failure is accompanied by marked overexpression of annexins II and V, as well as translocation of annexin V from cardiomyocytes to interstitial tissue. The data suggest that annexins may contribute to ventricular remodeling and annexin V to impaired Ca2+ handling in failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Benevolensky
- INSERM, U-127, IFR Circulation, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
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20
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Vermes I, Steur EN, Reutelingsperger C, Haanen C. Decreased concentration of annexin V in parkinsonian cerebrospinal fluid: speculation on the underlying cause. Mov Disord 1999; 14:1008-10. [PMID: 10584677 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6<1008::aid-mds1015>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that increased apoptosis is responsible for the loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is impossible to perform high-quality studies on human postmortem material because of the low quality of tissue preservation, and the fact that apoptosis has a duration of only hours, and that the duration of the agonal period itself will lead to massive neuronal cell death. We measured, as epiphenomenon of neuronal cell death ex vivo, the Annexin V concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with PD and control subjects. The Annexin V concentration in CSF of patients with PD was significantly lower compared with control subjects. Annexin V concentrations of the CSF did not correlate with dementia, duration of symptoms, age, sex, or treatment of PD. The rationale for measurement of Annexin V in CSF is the fact that Annexin V adheres to dying cells. It is tempting to suppose that the decrease of Annexin V in CSF of PD is the result of consumption of this protein during neuronal apoptosis as has been demonstrated to occur in the midbrain in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vermes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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21
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Katayanagi K, Van de Water J, Kenny T, Nakanuma Y, Ansari AA, Coppel R, Gershwin ME. Generation of monoclonal antibodies to murine bile duct epithelial cells: identification of annexin V as a new marker of small intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatology 1999; 29:1019-25. [PMID: 10094941 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are distributed along the length of both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tree, but have distinctly different phenotypes and functions according to their anatomical location. It has been reasoned that the distinct appearance of pathogenic lesions in different biliary diseases may be associated with the expression of distinct proteins. These data prompted us to immunize rats with cultured murine BECs with the objective of determining if there are unique antigens on BECs. Of the 45 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced, 12 mAbs (MBEC 1-12) were selected for detailed study based on their classification into three major groups. These groups included four antibodies (MBEC 1-4) that reacted in a staining pattern typical of mucin. A second group of mAbs, MBECs 5 to 8, reacted strongly along the biliary tract and by immunoblot analysis, reacted with several bands ranging from 44 kd to 64 kd. These antibodies were considered as markers of pan BECs and their staining pattern proved similar to that of a control polyclonal pan-cytokeratin. The final group of mAbs, MBECs 9 to 12, recognized a 36-kd antigen using lysates of murine BECs. These antibodies also predominantly stained small peripheral bile ducts. The reactive antigen was purified by immunoprecipitation and microsequenced; the peptides sequenced showed 100% homology with murine annexin V. The identification of annexin V with predominantly intrahepatic bile ducts, is of significant interest because of the multiple roles of annexin V, including that of membrane cytoskeletal interactions during transport and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Katayanagi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, CA, USA
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22
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Fernández MP, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Morgan RO. The genetic origin of mouse annexin VIII. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:8-14. [PMID: 9434938 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mouse annexin VIII cDNA was characterized by DNA sequencing of expressed sequence tag clones, molecular systematic analysis, and genetic linkage mapping to investigate its evolutionary origin. Its subfamily identity, divergence pattern, and nucleotide substitution rate were established by comparison with other annexin cDNA and deduced protein sequences. The known phylogenetic association of annexin VIII in an evolutionary clade with annexins XI, IV, V, and VIa identified these close homologs as potential progenitors or duplication products. Cladistic analysis confirmed the base position of annexin XI and its relationship to annexin IV as a direct duplication product. Although annexin VIII also derived from annexin XI, the evolutionary branching order, gene separation times, and mapping results indicated that it was probably a subsequent duplication product of annexin IV about 300 million years ago. Dates were calibrated against the assumed separation time of 75 Mya for rodents from other mammals, divergence rates were based on comparisons of all available annexin species, and relative rate tests implied individually stable gene clocks for most annexins. Linkage mapping of mouse Anx8 to the centromeric region of Chromosome (Chr) 14 placed it in a more distal homology group from previously mapped Anx7 and Anx11. Despite their synteny, the combined proximity and segregation of these three annexins diminished the likelihood that they were mutual gene duplication products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
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23
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van IJzendoorn SC, van Gool RG, Reutelingsperger CP, Heemskerk JW. Unstimulated platelets evoke calcium responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1311:64-70. [PMID: 8603105 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(95)00191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between human platelets and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied by monitoring changes in cytosolic [Ca2+]i in both cell types. Confluent monolayers of Fura-2-loaded HUVEC, grown on gelatin-coated coverslips, responded to repeated addition of a suspension of unstimulated platelets by transient increases in cytosolic [Ca2+]i. These platelet-evoked Ca2+ responses were not caused by products secreted from the platelets and were insensitive to inhibitors of platelet activation and/or platelet aggregation. The platelet-evoked rises in [Ca2+]i in endothelial cells, similarly as the thrombin-evoked rises, were blocked by preincubation of HUVEC with the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 or the Ca2+ influx blocker Ni2+. In contrast, treatment with the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein was without effect. Video imaging experiments, in which the fluorescence signal was analysed from the individual cells of an endothelial monolayer, showed that only 2-20% of the cells, scattered over the monolayer, responded to the addition of platelets by a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, whereas most of the cells responded to thrombin. This leads to the conclusion that unstimulated platelets can activate HUVEC putatively by mechanical interaction with individual endothelial cells in the monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C van IJzendoorn
- Department of Human Biology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Blanquet PR, Croquet F. Activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity is associated with decreased differentiation in adult bovine lens. J Cell Physiol 1995; 165:358-66. [PMID: 7593214 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041650217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal vertebrate eye lens provides an opportunity to study possible involvement of reversible protein phosphorylation in the differentiation process of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells at the lens equator, indeed, differentiate continuously into fiber cells throughout life but this capacity progressively decreases with age. Here we describe the characterization of a phosphotyrosine-protein phosphatase(s) (PTPase(s)) in the equatorial epithelium of bovine lens which exhibits a high level of specific activity. PTPase(s) is detected in cellular detergent extracts using phospholabeled synthetic peptides, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and lens epithelial membranes as substrates. We show that activity of this PTPase(s) is increased in the equatorial epithelium as the age is increased. We also show that this enzyme(s) exerts its dephosphorylating activity predominantly on a calpactin-like protein associated with lens epithelial membranes. Dephosphorylation of this protein is only obtained when membranes are subjected to extracts in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). It is suggested that an FGF-activated PTPase(s) might conceivably counteract effects of differentiation stimulatory factors for limiting differentiation of lens throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Blanquet
- Unité de Recherches Gérontologiques, INSERM U118, affiliée CNRS, Association Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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