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Dyhrfort P, Lindblad C, Widgren A, Virhammar J, Piehl F, Bergquist J, Al Nimer F, Rostami E. Deciphering Proteomic Expression in Inflammatory Disorders: A Mass Spectrometry Exploration Comparing Infectious, Noninfectious, and Traumatic Brain Injuries in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. Neurotrauma Rep 2024; 5:857-873. [PMID: 39391051 PMCID: PMC11462427 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2024.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) evokes a complex inflammatory response to injury. Inflammatory cascades are present in traumatic, infectious, and noninfectious disorders affecting the brain. It contains a mixture of pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions involving well-known proteins, but also numerous proteins less explored in these processes. The aim of this study was to explore the distinct inflammatory response in traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with other CNS injuries by utilization of mass-spectrometry. In total, 56 patients had their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyzed with the use of mass-spectrometry. Among these, CSF was collected via an external ventricular drain (EVD) from n = 21 patients with acute TBI. The resulting protein findings were then compared with CSF obtained by lumbar puncture from n = 14 patients with noninfectious CNS disorders comprising relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and n = 14 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, herpes simplex encephalitis, and other types of viral meningitis. We also utilized n = 7 healthy controls (HCs). In the comparison between TBI and noninfectious inflammatory CNS disorders, concentrations of 55 proteins significantly differed between the groups. Among them, 23 and 32 proteins were up- and downregulated, respectively, in the TBI group. No proteins were uniquely identified in either group. In the comparison of TBI and HC, 51 proteins were significantly different, with 24 and 27 proteins being up- and downregulated, respectively, in TBI. Two proteins (fibrinogen gamma chain and transketolase) were uniquely identified in all samples of the TBI group. Also in the last comparison, TBI versus infectious inflammatory CNS disorders, 51 proteins differed between the two groups, with 19 and 32 proteins being up- and downregulated, respectively, in TBI, and no unique proteins being identified. Due to large discrepancies between the groups compared, the following proteins were selected for further deeper analysis among those being differentially regulated: APOE, CFB, CHGA, CHI3L1, C3, FCGBP, FGA, GSN, IGFBP7, LRG1, SERPINA3, SOD3, and TTR. We found distinct proteomic profiles in the CSF of TBI patients compared with HC and different disease controls, indicating a specific interplay between inflammatory factors, metabolic response, and cell integrity. In relation to primarily infectious or inflammatory disorders, unique inflammatory pathways seem to be engaged, and could potentially serve as future treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dyhrfort
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Widgren
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Virhammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elham Rostami
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johansson E, Nazziwa J, Freyhult E, Hong MG, Lindman J, Neptin M, Karlson S, Rezeli M, Biague AJ, Medstrand P, Månsson F, Norrgren H, Esbjörnsson J, Jansson M. HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling. iScience 2024; 27:109344. [PMID: 38500818 PMCID: PMC10945182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls. Moreover, viremic HIV-2 infection appeared to induce enhanced release of proteins from a broader range of tissues compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. This study expands the knowledge on the link between plasma proteome remodeling and the pathological cell engagement in tissues during HIV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jamirah Nazziwa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lindman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Neptin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Karlson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Medstrand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Esbjörnsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - for the SWEGUB CORE group
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nuñez E, Orera I, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Paño JR, Vázquez J, Corrales FJ. Mapping the Serum Proteome of COVID-19 Patients; Guidance for Severity Assessment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071690. [PMID: 35884998 PMCID: PMC9313396 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose outbreak in 2019 led to an ongoing pandemic with devastating consequences for the global economy and human health. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 has affected more than 481 million people worldwide, with 6 million confirmed deaths. The joint efforts of the scientific community have undoubtedly increased the pace of production of COVID-19 vaccines, but there is still so much uncharted ground to cover regarding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and host response. These issues can be approached by proteomics with unprecedented capacity paving the way for the development of more efficient strategies for patient care. In this study, we present a deep proteome analysis that has been performed on a cohort of 72 COVID-19 patients aiming to identify serum proteins assessing the dynamics of the disease at different age ranges. A panel of 53 proteins that participate in several functions such as acute-phase response and inflammation, blood coagulation, cell adhesion, complement cascade, endocytosis, immune response, oxidative stress and tissue injury, have been correlated with patient severity, suggesting a molecular basis for their clinical stratification. Eighteen protein candidates were further validated by targeted proteomics in an independent cohort of 84 patients including a group of individuals that had satisfactorily resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection. Remarkably, all protein alterations were normalized 100 days after leaving the hospital, which further supports the reliability of the selected proteins as hallmarks of COVID-19 progression and grading. The optimized protein panel may prove its value for optimal severity assessment as well as in the follow up of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Nuñez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Orera
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | | | - José Ramón Paño
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario, IIS Aragón, Ciberinfec, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Fernando J. Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (F.J.C.)
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Audley J, Gliniewicz EF, Zarember KA, Hong HS, Wald G, Kuhns DB, Kang E, Malech HL, Suffredini AF, Noveck RJ, Dinubile MJ, Levinson SL, Stossel TP, Gallin JI. Low Plasma Gelsolin Concentrations in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Inflammation 2021; 44:270-277. [PMID: 32886268 PMCID: PMC10825630 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is the secreted isoform of an intracellular actin remodeling protein found in high concentrations in human plasma. Clinical studies demonstrate reduced pGSN concentrations in several disease states, including severe trauma, burns, and sepsis. Markedly decreased pGSN concentrations in these conditions precede and predict adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we measured pGSN in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and dysregulated inflammation. pGSN was quantified using a sandwich ELISA in plasma from healthy volunteers, clinically stable CGD patients, and X-linked CGD carriers and in sera from 12 CGD patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. pGSN was also quantified in healthy volunteers challenged with intravenous endotoxin. pGSN concentrations were lower in CGD patients without active infection or systemic inflammation compared with healthy control subjects. In CGD patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, pGSN concentrations increased significantly following successful transplant. X-linked carriers of CGD had normal pGSN. Despite reduction of pGSN in CGD patients, we did not detect significant changes in pGSN over 24 h following challenge of healthy volunteers with intravenous endotoxin (4 ng/kg) that elicited a febrile response. We describe, for the first time, significantly lower pGSN in clinically stable patients with CGD compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Low pGSN levels in CGD patients significantly increased following bone marrow transplantation. X-linked carriers of CGD had normal pGSN. In healthy volunteers challenged with intravenous endotoxin, pGSN is not an acute phase reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Audley
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily F Gliniewicz
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kol A Zarember
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gal Wald
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony F Suffredini
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Noveck
- Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - John I Gallin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Milivojevic M, Che X, Bateman L, Cheng A, Garcia BA, Hornig M, Huber M, Klimas NG, Lee B, Lee H, Levine S, Montoya JG, Peterson DL, Komaroff AL, Lipkin WI. Plasma proteomic profiling suggests an association between antigen driven clonal B cell expansion and ME/CFS. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236148. [PMID: 32692761 PMCID: PMC7373296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an unexplained chronic, debilitating illness characterized by fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, orthostatic intolerance and gastrointestinal problems. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we analyzed the plasma proteomes of 39 ME/CFS patients and 41 healthy controls. Logistic regression models, with both linear and quadratic terms of the protein levels as independent variables, revealed a significant association between ME/CFS and the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) region 3-23/30. Stratifying the ME/CFS group based on self-reported irritable bowel syndrome (sr-IBS) status revealed a significant quadratic effect of immunoglobulin lambda constant region 7 on its association with ME/CFS with sr-IBS whilst IGHV3-23/30 and immunoglobulin kappa variable region 3-11 were significantly associated with ME/CFS without sr-IBS. In addition, we were able to predict ME/CFS status with a high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.774-0.838) using a panel of proteins selected by 3 different machine learning algorithms: Lasso, Random Forests, and XGBoost. These algorithms also identified proteomic profiles that predicted the status of ME/CFS patients with sr-IBS (AUC = 0.806-0.846) and ME/CFS without sr-IBS (AUC = 0.754-0.780). Our findings are consistent with a significant association of ME/CFS with immune dysregulation and highlight the potential use of the plasma proteome as a source of biomarkers for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milivojevic
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lucinda Bateman
- Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Aaron Cheng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Manuel Huber
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nancy G. Klimas
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
- Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bohyun Lee
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hyoungjoo Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Susan Levine
- Levine Clinic, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jose G. Montoya
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Jack S. Remington Laboratory for Specialty Diagnostics of Toxoplasmosis, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Peterson
- Sierra Internal Medicine at Incline Village, Incline Village, NV, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. Komaroff
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
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Dinsdale RJ, Hazeldine J, Al Tarrah K, Hampson P, Devi A, Ermogenous C, Bamford AL, Bishop J, Watts S, Kirkman E, Dalle Lucca JJ, Midwinter M, Woolley T, Foster M, Lord JM, Moiemen N, Harrison P. Dysregulation of the actin scavenging system and inhibition of DNase activity following severe thermal injury. Br J Surg 2019; 107:391-401. [PMID: 31502663 PMCID: PMC7079039 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is not found in healthy subjects, but is readily detected after thermal injury and may contribute to the risk of multiple organ failure. The hypothesis was that a postburn reduction in DNase protein/enzyme activity could contribute to the increase in cfDNA following thermal injury. Methods Patients with severe burns covering at least 15 per cent of total body surface area were recruited to a prospective cohort study within 24 h of injury. Blood samples were collected from the day of injury for 12 months. Results Analysis of blood samples from 64 patients revealed a significant reduction in DNase activity on days 1–28 after injury, compared with healthy controls. DNase protein levels were not affected, suggesting the presence of an enzyme inhibitor. Further analysis revealed that actin (an inhibitor of DNase) was present in serum samples from patients but not those from controls, and concentrations of the actin scavenging proteins gelsolin and vitamin D‐binding protein were significantly reduced after burn injury. In a pilot study of ten military patients with polytrauma, administration of blood products resulted in an increase in DNase activity and gelsolin levels. Conclusion The results of this study suggest a novel biological mechanism for the accumulation of cfDNA following thermal injury by which high levels of actin released by damaged tissue cause a reduction in DNase activity. Restoration of the actin scavenging system could therefore restore DNase activity, and reduce the risk of cfDNA‐induced host tissue damage and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Dinsdale
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Hazeldine
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Al Tarrah
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Hampson
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Devi
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Ermogenous
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A L Bamford
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Bishop
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Watts
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - E Kirkman
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - J J Dalle Lucca
- Translational Medical Division, Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | - M Midwinter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Woolley
- ICT Centre, Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, UK.,Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - M Foster
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J M Lord
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Moiemen
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Harrison
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Plasma Gelsolin: Indicator of Inflammation and Its Potential as a Diagnostic Tool and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092516. [PMID: 30149613 PMCID: PMC6164782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin, an actin-depolymerizing protein expressed both in extracellular fluids and in the cytoplasm of a majority of human cells, has been recently implicated in a variety of both physiological and pathological processes. Its extracellular isoform, called plasma gelsolin (pGSN), is present in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, urine, and other extracellular fluids. This isoform has been recognized as a potential biomarker of inflammatory-associated medical conditions, allowing for the prediction of illness severity, recovery, efficacy of treatment, and clinical outcome. A compelling number of animal studies also demonstrate a broad spectrum of beneficial effects mediated by gelsolin, suggesting therapeutic utility for extracellular recombinant gelsolin. In the review, we summarize the current data related to the potential of pGSN as an inflammatory predictor and therapeutic target, discuss gelsolin-mediated mechanisms of action, and highlight recent progress in the clinical use of pGSN.
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8
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Per S, Kose M, Ozdemir A, Pandir D. Hepatoprotective effects of capping protein gelsolin against hyperoxia-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in neonatal rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:189-195. [PMID: 29408761 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissues and organs get exposed to high oxygen (O2) supply in hyperoxia conditions. The goal of this research was to investigate the protective effect of actin binding protein gelsolin on hyperoxia-induced hepatotoxicity through histopathology and measurement of oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in a neonatal Wistar albino rats. The pups were randomly separated to four equal groups such as: normoxia control group (NC), normoxia plus gelsolin group (NG, 10 ng/kg bw/day gelsolin), hyperoxia (≥85% O2) group (HC), hyperoxia plus gelsolin group (HG, ≥85% O2; 10 ng/kg bw/day gelsolin). Histopathological changes of pups in hyperoxia condition were revealed in the form of severe leukocyte infiltration, vascular congestion, necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, binucleated hepatocytes and hemorrhage in the liver tissue. SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activities decreased and MDA level increased in the hyperoxia-induced group in liver tissue (P < 0.05). Tail DNA%, tail length and moment indicating DNA damage statistically increased in hyperoxia treatment groups when compared to controls. Treatment of rats with hyperoxia plus gelsolin prevented hyperoxia-induced changes in tissue structure, antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA level, mean tail DNA% and length. Based on these findings, gelsolin restored these changing to near normal levels but it does not protect completely in the hyperoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Per
- Department of Biology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kose
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Dilek Pandir
- Department of Biology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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9
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Wątek M, Durnaś B, Wollny T, Pasiarski M, Góźdź S, Marzec M, Chabowska A, Wolak P, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Bucki R. Unexpected profile of sphingolipid contents in blood and bone marrow plasma collected from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:235. [PMID: 29216917 PMCID: PMC5721620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired apoptotic pathways in leukemic cells enable them to grow in an uncontrolled way. Moreover, aberrations in the apoptotic pathways are the main factor of leukemic cells drug resistance. Methods To assess the presence of potential abnormalities that might promote dysfunction of leukemic cells growth, HPLC system was used to determine sphingosine (SFO), sphinganine (SFA), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide (CER) concentration in the blood collected from patients diagnose with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML; n = 49) and compare to values of control (healthily) group (n = 51). Additionally, in AML group concentration of SFO, SFA, S1P and CER was determined in bone marrow plasma and compared to respective values in blood plasma. The concentration of S1P and CER binding protein – plasma gelsolin (GSN) was also assessed in collected samples using immunoblotting assay. Results We observed that in AML patients the average SFO, SFA and CER concentration in blood plasma was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compare to control group, when blood plasma S1P concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.001). At the same time the CER/S1P ratio in AML patient (44.5 ± 19.4) was about 54% higher compare to control group (20.9 ± 13.1). Interestingly the average concentration of S1P in blood plasma (196 ± 13 pmol/ml) was higher compare to its concentration in plasma collected from bone marrow (154 ± 21 pmol/ml). Conclusions We hypothesize that changes in profile of sphingolipids concentration and some of their binding protein partners such as GSN in extracellular environment of blood and bone marrow cells in leukemic patients can be targeted to develop new AML treatment method(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wątek
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Marcin Pasiarski
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Marzec
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Chabowska
- Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Bialystok, 15-950, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wolak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics Department Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland. .,Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Sinha KK, Peddada N, Jha PK, Mishra A, Pandey K, Das VNR, Ashish, Das P. Plasma Gelsolin Level in HIV-1-Infected Patients: An Indicator of Disease Severity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:254-260. [PMID: 27700141 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is a multifunctional protein involved mainly in severing and clearing of actin filaments. Its level correlates with inflammation and several diseases making it a potential biomarker of diagnostic and prognostic values. The pGSN level in groups of treated and untreated HIV-1-infected Indian patients is investigated in this study. This study aims at investigating the levels of pGSN in HIV-1-infected patients across different age, sex, severity of disease, and treatment status. Blood samples of 213 patients were analyzed for CD4 counts by flow cytometry and pGSN was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of pGSN is significantly increased in HIV-1 infected patients (227.2 ± 54.3 μg/ml) compared to healthy volunteers (167.9 ± 61.8 μg/ml). The level correlates with CD4 cell counts as patients with lower CD4 counts showed higher pGSN levels and vice versa. Gender does not affect pGSN level; however, antiretroviral (ARV) treatment reduces pGSN toward normal. Within low CD4 cell count group, the untreated patients have 52% higher pGSN than healthy volunteers, whereas with treatment, the difference reduces to 24%. Similarly, high CD4 cell count (>350 cells/mm3) group of patients showed 44% increase in pGSN in untreated patients compared to 21% increase in treated patients. There is an upregulation of pGSN in HIV-1 infection and it is inversely correlated with CD4 cell counts. Treatment with ARV drugs decreases pGSN levels toward normal. The monitoring of pGSN level in HIV-1-infected patients could be an important indicator of severity of disease and recovery during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kislay Kumar Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Nagesh Peddada
- Protein Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pravin Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Anshul Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Clinical Medicine Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, India
| | - Vidya Nand Ravi Das
- Clinical Medicine Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, India
| | - Ashish
- Protein Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Molecular Biology Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, India
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11
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Yu CC, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Charmas M, Długołęcka B, Baranowski M, Górski J, Bucki R. Change in blood gelsolin concentration in response to physical exercise. Biol Sport 2014; 30:169-72. [PMID: 24744484 PMCID: PMC3944569 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1059812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) produced by muscle is an abundant protein of extracellular fluids capable of severing actin filaments and eliminating actin from the circulation. Additionally, pGSN modulates the cellular effects of some bioactive lipids. In this study we test the hypothesis that hormonal and metabolic adaptations to exercise are associated with changes in gelsolin concentration in blood. Plasma samples were collected from twenty healthy males recruited from untrained (UT, n=10) and endurance trained (ET, n=10) groups that performed 30-60 minutes of exercise on a cycloergometer at a workload corresponding to 70% of VO2max. Gelsolin concentration was determined by quantitative Western blot analysis with an anti-human gelsolin antibody. The gelsolin concentration in UT and ET subjects before starting exercise ranged from 104 to 330 and 163 to 337 µg · ml(-1) respectively. After 30 minutes of exercise we observed a significant decrease of plasma gelsolin in the UT group (p<0.05) while the gelsolin concentration in the ET group rose on average from 244 to 271 µg · ml(-1). However, this increase did not reach statistical significance. Endurance training might increase the ability of muscle tissue to express plasma gelsolin as part of an adaptive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Yu
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Research Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 U.S.A
| | | | - M Charmas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - B Długołęcka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - M Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - J Górski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - R Bucki
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Research Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 U.S.A
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12
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Pan JW, He LN, Xiao F, Shen J, Zhan RY. Plasma gelsolin levels and outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care 2013; 17:R149. [PMID: 23880145 PMCID: PMC4057205 DOI: 10.1186/cc12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lower gelsolin levels have been associated with the severity and poor outcome of critical illness. Nevertheless, their link with clinical outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma gelsolin levels and clinical outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods A total of 262 consecutive patients and 150 healthy subjects were included. Plasma gelsolin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mortality and poor long-term outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-3) at 6 months were recorded. Results Plasma gelsolin levels on admission were substantially lower in patients than in healthy controls (66.9 (26.4) mg/L vs. 126.4 (35.4) mg/L, P < 0.001), and negatively associated with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score (r = -0.554, P < 0.001) and Fisher score (r = -0.538, P < 0.001), and identified as an independent predictor of poor functional outcome (odds ratio, 0.957; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.933-0.983; P = 0.001) and death (odds ratio, 0.953; 95% CI, 0.917-0.990; P = 0.003) after 6 months. The areas under the ROC curve of gelsolin for functional outcome and mortality were similar to those of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score and Fisher score (all P > 0.05). Gelsolin improved the predictive values of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score and Fisher score for functional outcome (both P < 0.05), but not for mortality (both P > 0.05). Conclusions Gelsolin levels are a useful, complementary tool to predict functional outcome and mortality 6 months after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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13
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Zhao DQ, Wang K, Zhang HD, Li YJ. Significant reduction of plasma gelsolin levels in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:202-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Xu JF, Liu WG, Dong XQ, Yang SB, Fan J. Change in plasma gelsolin level after traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72:491-6. [PMID: 22439219 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e318226ec39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma gelsolin depletion has been associated with poor outcome of critically ill patients. However, there is a paucity of data available on circulating plasma gelsolin concentration in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thus, we sought to investigate change in plasma gelsolin level after TBI and to evaluate its relation with disease outcome. METHODS Fifty healthy controls and 94 patients with acute severe TBI were included. Plasma samples were obtained on admission and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Its concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Twenty-six patients (27.7%) died from TBI in a month. After TBI, plasma gelsolin level in patients decreased during the 6-hour period immediately, was at the nadir in 24 hours, increased gradually thereafter, and was substantially lower than that in healthy controls during the 7-day period. A multivariate analysis showed plasma gelsolin level was an independent predictor for 1-month mortality (odds ratio, 0.941; 95% confidence interval, 0.895– 0.989; p = 0.017) and positively associated with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (t = 6.538, p 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified that a baseline plasma gelsolin level 52.7 mg/L predicted 1-month mortality with 88.5% sensitivity and 79.4% specificity (area under the curve, 0.869; 95%confidence interval, 0.783– 0.930). The predictive value of the gelsolin concentration was thus similar to that of GCS scores (p =0.185). However, gelsolin did not statistically significantly improve the area under the curve of GCS scores (p = 0.517). CONCLUSIONS Decreased plasma gelsolin level is associated with GCS scores and an independent prognostic marker of mortality after TBI. Reversing plasma gelsolin deficiency may be an effective treatment for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Jin Y, Li BY, Qiu LL, Ling YR, Bai ZQ. Decreased plasma gelsolin is associated with 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Crit Care 2012; 27:527.e1-6. [PMID: 22386223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decreased plasma gelsolin level has been associated with 1-month mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thus, we investigated the ability of gelsolin to predict 1-year mortality and functional outcome in these patients. METHODS One hundred fourteen healthy controls and 114 patients with acute severe TBI were included in this study. Plasma gelsolin concentration on admission was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Fifty-five patients (48.2%) had unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-3) and 38 patients (33.3%) died in 1 year after TBI. Upon admission, plasma gelsolin level in patients was substantially lower than that in healthy controls. A multivariate analysis selected plasma gelsolin level as an independent predictor for 1-year unfavorable outcome and mortality of patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed plasma gelsolin level predicted 1-year unfavorable outcome and mortality statistically significantly. The predictive value of the gelsolin concentration was thus similar to that of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. In a combined logistic-regression model, gelsolin did not statistically significantly improve the area under curve of GCS score. CONCLUSIONS Plasma gelsolin level is a useful, complementary tool to predict functional outcome and mortality 1 year after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China.
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16
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Peddada N, Sagar A, Ashish, Garg R. Plasma gelsolin: a general prognostic marker of health. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:203-10. [PMID: 22082609 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is the only component of two member extracellular actin scavenger system capable of severing circulating actin microfilaments. Here, we put forth the hypothesis that pGSN level is an important and sensitive general prognostic biomarker for health and disease conditions in humans, urging the need for gelsolin replacement therapy to improve patient's health status. Clinical significance and the therapeutic importance of this protein have been well illustrated in animal models as well as in patients with various diseases. Patients with decreased pGSN levels were observed to have higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay and longer ventilation time in intensive care units as compared to healthy controls. pGSN levels were found to be increasing in patients recovering from diseases; furthermore, it has been confirmed that repletion with exogenous recombinant pGSN increases the survival rate in animal models of different acute insults. To be used as a biomarker of health, however, establishing the accurate levels of gelsolin in human plasma and understanding its variance with age, race, gender and health status is a prerequisite. Upon establishing the accurate levels of pGSN in healthy individuals, this biomarker would predict the prognosis/disease progression in multiple health conditions and help in prioritizing the ones in-need of gelsolin replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Peddada
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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17
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Guo XC, Luo BY, Li XF, Yang DG, Zheng XN, Zhang K. Plasma gelsolin levels and 1-year mortality after first-ever ischemic stroke. J Crit Care 2011; 26:608-12. [PMID: 21481565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasma gelsolin depletion has been associated with poor outcome of critically ill patients. We sought to investigate change in plasma gelsolin level after ischemic stroke and to evaluate its relation with disease outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty healthy controls and 172 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were included. Plasma samples were obtained within 24 hours from stroke onset. Its concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma gelsolin level in stroke patients was significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. A multivariate analysis showed that plasma gelsolin level was an independent predictor for 1-year mortality (odds ratio, 0.945; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.918-0.974; P = .0002) and negatively associated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (t = -4.802, P < .001) and plasma C-reactive protein level (t = -4.197, P < .001). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified that a baseline plasma gelsolin level less than 52.0 mg/L predicted 1-year mortality of patients with 73.0% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity (area under curve [AUC], 0.738; 95% CI, 0.666-0.802). The predictive value of the gelsolin concentration was similar to that of NIHSS score (AUC, 0.742; 95% CI, 0.670-0.806; P = .940). Gelsolin improved the AUC of NIHSS score to 0.814 (95% CI, 0.747-0.869; P = .032). CONCLUSIONS Plasma gelsolin level is a useful, complementary tool to predict mortality after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chao Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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Li GH, Arora PD, Chen Y, McCulloch CA, Liu P. Multifunctional roles of gelsolin in health and diseases. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:999-1025. [PMID: 22886630 DOI: 10.1002/med.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin, a Ca(2+) -regulated actin filament severing, capping, and nucleating protein, is an ubiquitous, multifunctional regulator of cell structure and metabolism. More recent data show that gelsolin can act as a transcriptional cofactor in signal transduction and its own expression and function can be influenced by epigenetic changes. Here, we review the functions of the plasma and cytoplasmic forms of gelsolin, and their manifold impacts on cancer, apoptosis, infection and inflammation, cardiac injury, pulmonary diseases, and aging. An improved understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of gelsolin may lead to new considerations of this protein as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Hua Li
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Kułakowska A, Ciccarelli NJ, Wen Q, Mroczko B, Drozdowski W, Szmitkowski M, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Hypogelsolinemia, a disorder of the extracellular actin scavenger system, in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2010; 10:107. [PMID: 21040581 PMCID: PMC2989318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular gelsolin (GSN) and GC-globulin/Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) appear to play an important role in clearing the actin from extracellular fluids and in modulating cellular responses to anionic bioactive lipids. In this study we hypothesized that cellular actin release and/or increase in bioactive lipids associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) development will translate into alteration of the actin scavenger system protein concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MS. Methods We measured GSN and DBP concentrations in blood and CSF obtained from patients diagnosed with MS (n = 56) in comparison to a control group (n = 20) that includes patients diagnosed with conditions such as idiopathic cephalgia (n = 11), idiopathic (Bell's) facial nerve palsy (n = 7) and ischialgia due to discopathy (n = 2). GSN and DBP levels were measured by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Results We found that the GSN concentration in the blood of the MS group (115 ± 78 μg/ml) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (244 ± 96 μg/ml). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between blood DBP concentrations in patients with MS (310 ± 68 μg/ml) and the control group (314 ± 82 μg/ml). GSN and DBP concentrations in CSF also did not significantly differ between those two groups. Conclusions The decrease of GSN concentration in blood and CSF of MS subjects suggests that this protein may be involved in chronic inflammation associated with neurodegeneration. Additionally, the results presented here suggest the possible utility of GSN evaluation for diagnostic purposes. Reversing plasma GSN deficiency might represent a new strategy in MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kułakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
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Bazzichi L, Ciregia F, Giusti L, Baldini C, Giannaccini G, Giacomelli C, Sernissi F, Bombardieri S, Lucacchini A. Detection of potential markers of primary fibromyalgia syndrome in human saliva. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:1296-304. [PMID: 21136951 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, many attempts have been carried out for the research of specific biological biomarkers in fibromyalgia (FM) since, so far, no laboratory tests have been appropriately validated for the diagnosis and the prognostic stratification of the disease. In our study for the first time, we carried out a proteomic analysis of the whole saliva of FM patients in order to evaluate salivary biomarkers. Twenty-two FM patients with all fulfilling the American College of Rheumathology diagnostic criteria for FM and 26 sex-and age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Proteomic analysis was performed by combining 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS. The most relevant observation which emerged from the data analysis was the exclusive and significant over-expression of transaldolase and phosphoglycerate mutase I. These findings were validated by Western blot analysis and the total optical density confirmed the significant up-regulation of transaldolase and phosphoglycerate mutase I in FM samples with respect to healthy subjects. It was noteworthy that seven further salivary proteins resulted differentially expressed, namely: calgranulin A, calgranulin C, cyclophilin A, profilin 1, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2, proteasome subunit-α-type-2 and haptoglobin-related protein precursor. These preliminary results demonstrated the utility of salivary proteomic analysis in the identification of salivary biomarkers in FM patients and in clarifying some of the pathogenetic aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bazzichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lee PS, Sampath K, Karumanchi SA, Tamez H, Bhan I, Isakova T, Gutierrez OM, Wolf M, Chang Y, Stossel TP, Thadhani R. Plasma gelsolin and circulating actin correlate with hemodialysis mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1140-8. [PMID: 19389844 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) binds actin and bioactive mediators to localize inflammation. Low pGSN correlates with adverse outcomes in acute injury, whereas administration of recombinant pGSN reduces mortality in experimental sepsis. We found that mean pGSN levels of 150 patients randomly selected from 10,044 starting chronic hemodialysis were 140 +/- 42 mg/L, 30 to 50% lower than levels reported for healthy individuals. In a larger sample, we performed a case-control analysis to evaluate the relationship of pGSN and circulating actin with mortality; pGSN levels were significantly lower in 114 patients who died within 1 yr of dialysis initiation than in 109 survivors (117 +/- 38 mg/L versus 147 +/- 42 mg/L, P < 0.001). pGSN levels had a graded, inverse relationship with 1-yr mortality, such that patients with pGSN < 130 mg/L experienced a > 3-fold risk for mortality compared with those with pGSN > or = 150 mg/L. The 69% of patients with detectable circulating actin had lower pGSN levels than those without (127 +/- 45 mg/L versus 141 +/- 36 mg/L, P = 0.026). Compared with patients who had elevated pGSN and no detectable actin, those with low pGSN levels and detectable actin had markedly increased mortality (odds ratio 9.8, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 33.5). Worsening renal function correlated with pGSN decline in 53 subjects with CKD not on dialysis. In summary, low pGSN and detectable circulating actin identify chronic hemodialysis patients at highest risk for 1-yr mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shun Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lee PS, Patel SR, Christiani DC, Bajwa E, Stossel TP, Waxman AB. Plasma gelsolin depletion and circulating actin in sepsis: a pilot study. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3712. [PMID: 19002257 PMCID: PMC2577888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depletion of the circulating actin-binding protein, plasma gelsolin (pGSN) has been described in septic patients and animals. We hypothesized that the extent of pGSN reduction correlates with outcomes of septic patients and that circulating actin is a manifestation of sepsis. Methodology/Principal Findings We assayed pGSN in plasma samples from non-surgical septic patients identified from a pre-existing database which prospectively enrolled patients admitted to adult intensive care units at an academic hospital. We identified 21 non-surgical septic patients for the study. Actinemia was detected in 17 of the 21 patients, suggesting actin released into circulation from injured tissues is a manifestation of sepsis. Furthermore, we documented the depletion of pGSN in human clinical sepsis, and that the survivors had significantly higher pGSN levels than the non-survivors (163±47 mg/L vs. 89±48 mg/L, p = 0.01). pGSN levels were more strongly predictive of 28-day mortality than APACHE III scores. For every quartile reduction in pGSN, the odds of death increased 3.4-fold. Conclusion We conclude that circulating actin and pGSN deficiency are associated with early sepsis. The degree of pGSN deficiency correlates with sepsis mortality. Reversing pGSN deficiency may be an effective treatment for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shun Lee
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Decreased levels of the gelsolin plasma isoform in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R117. [PMID: 18822171 PMCID: PMC2592804 DOI: 10.1186/ar2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gelsolin is an intracellular actin-binding protein involved in cell shape changes, cell motility, and apoptosis. An extracellular gelsolin isoform, plasma gelsolin circulates in the blood of healthy individuals at a concentration of 200 +/- 50 mg/L and has been suggested to be a key component of an extracellular actin-scavenging system during tissue damage. Levels of plasma gelsolin decrease during acute injury and inflammation, and administration of recombinant plasma gelsolin to animals improves outcomes following sepsis or burn injuries. In the present study, we investigated plasma gelsolin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Circulating and intra-articular levels of plasma gelsolin were measured in 78 patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a functional (pyrene-actin nucleation) assay and compared with 62 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Circulating plasma gelsolin levels were significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls (141 +/- 32 versus 196 +/- 40 mg/L, P = 0.0002). The patients' intra-articular plasma gelsolin levels were significantly lower than in the paired plasma samples (94 +/- 24 versus 141 +/- 32 mg/L, P = 0.0001). Actin was detected in the synovial fluids of all but four of the patients, and immunoprecipitation experiments identified gelsolin-actin complexes. CONCLUSIONS The plasma isoform of gelsolin is decreased in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls. The reduced plasma concentrations in combination with the presence of actin and gelsolin-actin complexes in synovial fluids suggest a local consumption of this potentially anti-inflammatory protein in the inflamed joint.
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Kulakowska A, Drozdowski W, Sadzynski A, Bucki R, Janmey PA. Gelsolin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:584-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dinubile MJ. Plasma gelsolin: in search of its raison d'être. Focus on “Modifications of cellular responses to lysophosphatidic acid and platelet-activating factor by plasma gelsolin”. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C1240-2. [PMID: 17428843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00007.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Leifeld L, Fink K, Debska G, Fielenbach M, Schmitz V, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U. Anti-apoptotic function of gelsolin in fas antibody-induced liver failure in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 168:778-85. [PMID: 16507893 PMCID: PMC1606525 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a key mechanism underlying fulminant hepatic failure. The role of gelsolin in such apoptotic pathways is not well understood because both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects have been reported in vitro, depending on the cell type and in vitro expression model used. Therefore, we studied an in vivo model of hepatic failure by analyzing expression of gelsolin; intrahepatic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9; and the extent of apoptosis in gelsolin knockout (gsn(-/-)) versus wild-type mice (gsn(+/+)) after exposure to stimulatory Fas antibody Jo-2. Gelsolin was expressed exclusively in sinusoidal lining cells, including sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, of gsn(+/+) mice. Compared with wild-type mice, Jo2-exposed gsn(-/-) mice showed significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells in the liver (22 +/- 9 versus 5 +/- 4% terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, P = 0.002); shorter survival (P = 0.037); and enhanced activation of caspase-3 (P = 0.009), -8 (P = 0.004), and -9 (P = 0.004). Furthermore, inhibition of caspase-3 with z-DEVD-fmk blocked Jo2-induced liver failure in all mice. Thus, our data on Jo2-induced hepatic failure suggest that gelsolin exerts an overall anti-apoptotic effect in vivo. Moreover, selective expression of gelsolin in sinusoidal endothelial cells indicates a pivotal role for interactions between sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver parenchymal cells in Fas ligand-mediated liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Leifeld
- Departments of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Lee PS, Drager LR, Stossel TP, Moore FD, Rogers SO. Relationship of plasma gelsolin levels to outcomes in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 2006; 243:399-403. [PMID: 16495706 PMCID: PMC1448930 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000201798.77133.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between plasma gelsolin levels and mortality following surgery or trauma. BACKGROUND Few simple predictive diagnostic tests are available to predict mortality following surgery or trauma. We hypothesize that plasma concentrations of gelsolin, a protein that responds to injured tissue, might be a predictor of patient outcomes. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational study in the surgical intensive units (ICU) at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the study. Chart abstraction was used to gather data about patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Plasma gelsolin concentrations were assessed serially on day 0 through day 5. RESULTS Low plasma gelsolin levels were associated with increased risk of death occurring in the ICU. Plasma gelsolin levels lower than 61 mg/L predicted longer ICU stay, prolonged ventilator dependence, and increased overall in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Plasma gelsolin is a potential prognostic biomarker for critically ill surgical patients. Plasma gelsolin replacement may have therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shun Lee
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Orchekowski R, Hamelinck D, Li L, Gliwa E, vanBrocklin M, Marrero JA, Vande Woude GF, Feng Z, Brand R, Haab BB. Antibody Microarray Profiling Reveals Individual and Combined Serum Proteins Associated with Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2005; 65:11193-202. [PMID: 16322270 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We used antibody microarrays to probe the associations of multiple serum proteins with pancreatic cancer and to explore the use of combined measurements for sample classification. Serum samples from pancreatic cancer patients (n = 61), patients with benign pancreatic disease (n = 31), and healthy control subjects (n = 50) were probed in replicate experiment sets by two-color, rolling circle amplification on microarrays containing 92 antibodies and control proteins. The antibodies that had reproducibly different binding levels between the patient classes revealed different types of alterations, reflecting inflammation (high C-reactive protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and serum amyloid A), immune response (high IgA), leakage of cell breakdown products (low plasma gelsolin), and possibly altered vitamin K usage or glucose regulation (high protein-induced vitamin K antagonist-II). The accuracy of the most significant antibody microarray measurements was confirmed through immunoblot and antigen dilution experiments. A logistic-regression algorithm distinguished the cancer samples from the healthy control samples with a 90% and 93% sensitivity and a 90% and 94% specificity in duplicate experiment sets. The cancer samples were distinguished from the benign disease samples with a 95% and 92% sensitivity and an 88% and 74% specificity in duplicate experiment sets. The classification accuracies were significantly improved over those achieved using individual antibodies. This study furthered the development of antibody microarrays for molecular profiling, provided insights into the nature of serum-protein alterations in pancreatic cancer patients, and showed the potential of combined measurements to improve sample classification accuracy.
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Rothenbach PA, Dahl B, Schwartz JJ, O'Keefe GE, Yamamoto M, Lee WM, Horton JW, Yin HL, Turnage RH. Recombinant plasma gelsolin infusion attenuates burn-induced pulmonary microvascular dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 96:25-31. [PMID: 12730154 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01074.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced plasma concentrations of the extracellular actin-binding proteins gelsolin and Gc-globulin correlate with pulmonary failure and death in humans after injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of plasma gelsolin in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced lung injury. We postulated that plasma gelsolin levels decrease at an early time point after burn injury and that the intravenous infusion of gelsolin prevents burn-induced pulmonary microvascular dysfunction. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo a 40% body surface area thermal injury (Burn) or manipulation without burn (Sham). Plasma gelsolin and Gc-globulin concentrations were determined at various times during the first 6 days of injury by Western blotting. Other animals were randomized to receive either recombinant human gelsolin (0.078, 0.78, or 7.8 mg) or albumin (7.8 mg) before and 8 h after Burn or Sham. Twenty-four hours later, pulmonary microvascular permeability was assessed by measuring the capillary filtration by use of an isolated, perfused lung model. We found that plasma gelsolin levels of burn-injured rats decreased to 10% of normal levels within 12 h and remained below normal levels for up to 6 days postinjury. Gc-globulin values also fall, but to a lesser extent and only transiently. Treatment of burned animals with intravenous infusions of recombinant human gelsolin prevented the increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability that accompanies this injury. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma gelsolin depletion contributes to the pathophysiology of pulmonary microvascular dysfunction during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Rothenbach
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Sourthwestern Medical School and the Vererans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA.
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Bamba T, Shimoyama T, Sasaki M, Tsujikawa T, Fukuda Y, Koganei K, Hibi T, Iwao Y, Munakata A, Fukuda S, Matsumoto T, Oshitani N, Hiwatashi N, Oriuchi T, Kitahora T, Utsunomiya T, Saitoh Y, Suzuki Y, Nakajima M. Dietary fat attenuates the benefits of an elemental diet in active Crohn's disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 15:151-7. [PMID: 12560759 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200302000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although an elemental diet has been established as the primary treatment for patients with Crohn's disease, the influence of dietary fat on the elemental diet remains unclear. We have designed the first randomized, controlled trial for elemental diets containing different fat percentages in patients with active Crohn's disease. METHODS Each patient was randomized to receive one of three dose levels of fat in an elemental diet (Elental) for 4 weeks: 10 patients received low fat (3.06 g/day), 10 patients received medium fat (16.56 g/day) and eight patients received high fat (30.06 g/day). The additional fat was composed of long-chain fatty acids. All patients were evaluated using the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease rating, plus C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which were measured at weekly intervals. RESULTS Although the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease rating, C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the low-fat group decreased, the values in the medium- and high-fat groups fluctuated during the study. The remission rate after 4 weeks in each group was 80%, 40% and 25% for patients in the low-, medium- and high-fat groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS When the fat consisted of long-chain triglycerides, a high amount of this fat in the elemental diet formula decreased its therapeutic effect against active Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Bamba
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192 Japan
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DiNubile MJ, Stossel TP, Ljunghusen OC, Ferrara JLM, Antin JH. Prognostic implications of declining plasma gelsolin levels after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2002; 100:4367-71. [PMID: 12393536 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) represents a common and often fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Gelsolin is a highly conserved actin-binding protein normally present in plasma that may serve a basic physiological role in limiting acute lung injury of diverse etiologies. We hypothesized that depletion of circulating gelsolin following HSCT might play a permissive role in the pathogenesis of IPS. Plasma gelsolin levels were measured by immunoblotting in frozen samples obtained weekly from 24 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Patients with and without IPS were similar with respect to age, diagnosis, histocompatibility differences between donor and recipient, and conditioning regimen. Mean gelsolin levels in the 9 patients with rapidly fatal IPS were significantly lower than those in patients without this complication by week 3 after HSCT (101 +/- 61 mg/L versus 221 +/- 54 mg/L; P =.0002). Seven (88%) of the 8 patients with gelsolin levels of less than 100 mg/L in the first month after HSCT died from IPS within 3 months; conversely, gelsolin levels fell to less than 100 mg/L in 7 (78%) of the 9 patients who died from IPS within 3 months of HSCT (P =.0007). These findings suggest that gelsolin levels shortly after allogeneic HSCT can predict the later development of fatal IPS. Gelsolin replacement in selected transplant patients may offer a novel strategy to prevent or reverse IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J DiNubile
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, NJ, USA.
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Cançado EL, Abrantes-Lemos CP, Vilas-Boas LS, Novo NF, Carrilho FJ, Laudanna AA. Thermolabile and calcium-dependent serum factor interferes with polymerized actin, and impairs anti-actin antibody detection. J Autoimmun 2001; 17:223-8. [PMID: 11712860 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2001.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The detection of anti-actin (AAA) by immunofluorescence is hindered by the presence of a serum factor. To better understand how it interferes with AAA detection, we tested sera from 20 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, and from 21 healthy adults, diluted 1:10 and prepared as follows: (A) diluted with PBS; (B) inactivated at 56 degrees C, and diluted with PBS; (C) diluted with 34 mM EDTA/PBS; (D) heated and diluted with EDTA/PBS. To reveal AAA, a fluorescein-labelled anti-human IgG was used in the process of indirect immunofluorescence. In a parallel assay, the substrate, acetone-fixed human fibroblasts, was preincubated with sera prepared as if it were to identify AAA, but instead, a rhodamine-phalloidin was used to identify F-actin, by direct immunofluorescence. All sera from patients were reactive to AAA when heat-inactivated and/or calcium-chelated, and 60% of them when diluted with unmodified sera (P=0.004). F-actin continued to be present after preincubation with heat-inactivated or calcium-chelated sera from patients and healthy controls, and in 41.5% of reactions with unmodified serum (P=0.0000001). The heat inactivation and the calcium chelation were both efficient procedures for maintaining the microfilament structure intact after serum incubation and, therefore, for identifying AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Cançado
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Predicting the outcome of critical illness remains an evolving art despite many recent advances. This review article describes the tools currently employed, appraising each in turn. The subject is viewed from the perspective that physiological reserve and inflammatory response are the essential elements in assessing prognosis in patients with multi-organ dysfunction/failure, the most commonly encountered syndrome in intensive care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A.S. Ball
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 1st Floor St James' Wing, St. George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, SW17 0QT, London, UK
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Mounzer KC, Moncure M, Smith YR, Dinubile MJ. Relationship of admission plasma gelsolin levels to clinical outcomes in patients after major trauma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1673-81. [PMID: 10556139 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.5.9807137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-scavenging proteins, e.g., plasma gelsolin, counteract the pathophysiological consequences of actin leaked into the circulation from dying cells, but the capacity of this defense system can be overwhelmed by massive tissue injury. We examined the prognostic implications of plasma gelsolin levels obtained near the time of admission to our level I Trauma Unit on the subsequent clinical course in a group of patients with severe traumatic injuries. Blood samples were obtained from 13 patients shortly after major trauma and 11 healthy volunteers who served as the control group. Plasma gelsolin levels were assayed by quantitative Western blotting. Duration of mechanical ventilation, stay in the Trauma Intensive Care Unit, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were measured as clinical outcomes reflecting the complexity of the hospital course. Subsequently, we evaluated an additional 52 patients after major and minor trauma to extend our earlier observations. Plasma gelsolin concentrations were significantly lower in our 13 original patients compared with healthy controls. Levels below 250 mg/L (> 2 standard deviations below the mean of the control group) were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and a stay in the intensive care unit >/= 13 days. Both patients whose gelsolin level was < 100 mg/L in this first series developed ARDS. Including all 65 patients, 6 of the 10 patients who developed ARDS had admission gelsolin levels less than 250 mg/L, compared with only 7 of the 55 patients without ARDS (p = 0.0028). The mean gelsolin levels were 193 and 400 mg/L in patients with and without ARDS, respectively (p < 0.0001) and 398 mg/L in survivors versus 259 mg/L for patients who expired (p < 0.0001). Ten of the 13 patients (77%) with gelsolin levels at the time of admission more than 2 SD below the control mean had "bad outcomes," defined as mechanical ventilation for >/= 13 days in the Trauma Intensive Unit, ARDS, and/or death. Plasma gelsolin levels appear to be an early prognostic marker in patients experiencing major trauma. Whether circulating gelsolin serves a biologically vital function or is simply depleted after massive trauma cannot be determined from our study. The potential therapeutic benefits of infusions of recombinant human plasma gelsolin for patients in whom multiorgan dysfunction commonly follows a serious but self-limited insult have not yet been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Mounzer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Cooper Health System, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
We measured the serum gelsolin, actin-modulating protein, levels in five patients after rhabdomyolysis. We observed a tendency of serum gelsolin (83 kDa) to increase during the study period of 11 days. No intracellular gelsolin (80 kDa) was found in the serum, although it is abundant in muscle, and the destruction was severe as judged by other parameters. Serum gelsolin thus behaves differently in rhabdomyolysis than after acute tissue damage in other organs, such as liver necrosis and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Löfberg
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Suhler E, Lin W, Yin HL, Lee WM. Decreased plasma gelsolin concentrations in acute liver failure, myocardial infarction, septic shock, and myonecrosis. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:594-8. [PMID: 9142022 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199704000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitate gelsolin concentrations in serum of patients with a variety of conditions involving actin release into the circulation. DESIGN Prospective evaluation of sera on consecutive patients. SETTING Metropolitan county hospital. PATIENTS Ninety hospital patients with a variety of well-characterized diseases. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sera were studied from patients with acute liver failure (n = 18), chronic hepatitis (n = 17), cirrhosis of varying etiology (n = 17), pancreatitis (n = 10), acute myocardial infarction (n = 10), myonecrosis due either to polymyositis or crush injuries (n = 12), and septic shock (n = 6); results were compared with sera from healthy individuals (n = 25). Gelsolin was quantified by Western blotting with monoclonal anti-gelsolin and laser densitometry. Significant reductions in mean gelsolin concentrations compared with healthy controls were observed in patients with acute liver failure (47%), myocardial infarction (69%), sepsis (51%), and myonecrosis (66%). An inverse correlation was observed between gelsolin concentration and severity of illness, as indicated by the magnitude of serum enzyme concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Gelsolin depletion occurs in a variety of tissue injury syndromes. Depletion of actin-scavenger capacity in the presence of continued actin release may affect outcome in situations of severe organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Suhler
- Liver Unit, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, USA
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