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Analysis of Sugars in Honey Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Fluorescence Detection. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection (LEDIF) for the separation of sugars in honey samples was studied. An amount of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) with 0.3% polyethylene oxide (PEO) was found to be optimal for the efficient separation of carbohydrates. 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) was used for the labeling of the carbohydrate standards and honey sugars for fluorescence detection. The optimized method was applied in the quantitative analysis of fructose and glucose by direct injection of honey samples. Apart from the labeling reaction, no other sample preparation was performed. The mean values of the fructose/glucose ratio for phacelia honey, acacia honey and honeydew honey were 0.86, 1.61 and 1.42, respectively. The proposed method provides high separation efficiency and sensitive detection within a short analysis time. Apart from the labeling reaction, it enables the injection of honeys without sample pretreatment. This is the first time that fluorescence detection has been applied for the CE analysis of sugars in honeys.
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High resolution and high throughput analytical methods for d-tagatose and process related impurities using capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113981. [PMID: 33035461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
d-tagatose is a low calorie multifunctional rare ketohexose sugar with sweetness similar to that of sucrose and it has high potential benefits for food and pharmaceutical industries. It is found in traces in some fruits as a natural component. In view of its high demand as a substitute for sugar, mass production of d-tagatose through enzymatic conversion of Lactose to d-tagatose is adopted. The existing HPLC method has limitations with respect sensitivity and resolution in quantification and monitoring of d-tagatose in the presence of its process related impurities. In the present investigation a new robust, fast and green analytical technique has been developed based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation and quantification of d-tagatose in presence of other sugars: Lactose, d-glucose, d-galactose and d-talose. Optimum conditions are found to be: Back Ground Electrolyte (BGE): 36 mM of Na2HPO4 and 130 mM of NaOH; pH: 12.6; voltage: +18 kV for high resolution and -18 kV for high throughput methods with direct UV-Detector at 265 nm. At these optimum conditions, good separation between the sugars is achieved in less than 20 min for high resolution and less than 4 min for high throughput methods. The developed methodology is validated as per ICHQ2R1 guide lines and successfully applied for monitoring d-tagatose during the enzymatic conversion of Lactose/d-galactose to d-tagatose and also to determine the unknown amounts of d-tagatose in crystallized samples and further, it is used in identifying the d-tagatose in fruits.
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Li Y, Liang J, Shen Y, Kuang HX, Xia YG. A new application of acetylation for analysis of acidic heteropolysaccharides by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Surapureddi SRK, Ravindhranath K, Sameer Kumar GS, Sappidi SR. Separation and Determination of d-Allose in Presence of Process-Related Impurities by Capillary Electrophoresis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Reversed-phase separation methods for glycan analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:359-378. [PMID: 27888305 PMCID: PMC5203856 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase chromatography is a method that is often used for glycan separation. For this, glycans are often derivatized with a hydrophobic tag to achieve retention on hydrophobic stationary phases. The separation and elution order of glycans in reversed-phase chromatography is highly dependent on the hydrophobicity of the tag and the contribution of the glycan itself to the retention. The contribution of the different monosaccharides to the retention strongly depends on the position and linkage, and isomer separation may be achieved. The influence of sialic acids and fucoses on the retention of glycans is still incompletely understood and deserves further study. Analysis of complex samples may come with incomplete separation of glycan species, thereby complicating reversed-phase chromatography with fluorescence or UV detection, whereas coupling with mass spectrometry detection allows the resolution of complex mixtures. Depending on the column properties, eluents, and run time, separation of isomeric and isobaric structures can be accomplished with reversed-phase chromatography. Alternatively, porous graphitized carbon chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography are also able to separate isomeric and isobaric structures, generally without the necessity of glycan labeling. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, porous graphitized carbon chromatography, and reversed-phase chromatography all serve different research purposes and thus can be used for different research questions. A great advantage of reversed-phase chromatography is its broad distribution as it is used in virtually every bioanalytical research laboratory, making it an attracting platform for glycan analysis. Glycan isomer separation by reversed phase liquid chromatography ![]()
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Zhao L, Chanon AM, Chattopadhyay N, Dami IE, Blakeslee JJ. Quantification of Carbohydrates in Grape Tissues Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:818. [PMID: 27379118 PMCID: PMC4904305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sugars play an important role in freezing tolerance in both herbaceous and woody plants, functioning in both the reduction of freezing-induced dehydration and the cryoprotection of cellular constituents. The quantification of soluble sugars in plant tissues is, therefore, essential in understanding freezing tolerance. While a number of analytical techniques and methods have been used to quantify sugars, most of these are expensive and time-consuming due to complex sample preparation procedures which require the derivatization of the carbohydrates being analyzed. Analysis of soluble sugars using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) under alkaline conditions with direct UV detection has previously been used to quantify simple sugars in fruit juices. However, it was unclear whether CZE-based methods could be successfully used to quantify the broader range of sugars present in complex plant extracts. Here, we present the development of an optimized CZE method capable of separating and quantifying mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides isolated from plant tissues. This optimized CZE method employs a column electrolyte buffer containing 130 mM NaOH, pH 13.0, creating a current of 185 μA when a separation voltage of 10 kV is employed. The optimized CZE method provides limits-of-detection (an average of 1.5 ng/μL) for individual carbohydrates comparable or superior to those obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and allows resolution of non-structural sugars and cell wall components (structural sugars). The optimized CZE method was successfully used to quantify sugars from grape leaves and buds, and is a robust tool for the quantification of plant sugars found in vegetative and woody tissues. The increased analytical efficiency of this CZE method makes it ideal for use in high-throughput metabolomics studies designed to quantify plant sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OHUSA
| | - Ann M. Chanon
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OHUSA
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Metabolite Analysis Cluster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OHUSA
| | - Nabanita Chattopadhyay
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYUSA
| | - Imed E. Dami
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OHUSA
| | - Joshua J. Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OHUSA
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Metabolite Analysis Cluster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OHUSA
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Pearson WL, Contreras C, Powell D, Berden G, Oomens J, Bendiak B, Eyler JR. Differentiation of Rubidiated Methyl-d-Glycoside Stereoisomers by Infrared Multiple-Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy in the O–H and C–H Stretching Regions. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12970-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wright L. Pearson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Cesar Contreras
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - David Powell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Alinat E, Jemmali S, Delaunay N, Archer X, Gareil P. Analysis of underivatized cellodextrin oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with direct photochemically induced UV-detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1555-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Alinat
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- Central Laboratory of Police Prefecture (LCPP); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
| | - Selma Jemmali
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
| | - Xavier Archer
- Central Laboratory of Police Prefecture (LCPP); Paris France
| | - Pierre Gareil
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Paris France
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9
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Sirén H, Sirén K, Sirén J. Evaluation of organic and inorganic compounds levels of red wines processed from Pinot Noir grapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kijewska M, Kuc A, Kluczyk A, Waliczek M, Man-Kupisinska A, Lukasiewicz J, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. Selective detection of carbohydrates and their peptide conjugates by ESI-MS using synthetic quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of phenylboronic acids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:966-976. [PMID: 24687577 PMCID: PMC4018510 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present new tags based on the derivatives of phenylboronic acid and apply them for the selective detection of sugars and peptide-sugar conjugates in mass spectrometry. We investigated the binding of phenylboronic acid and its quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) derivatives to carbohydrates and peptide-derived Amadori products by HR-MS and MS/MS experiments. The formation of complexes between sugar or sugar-peptide conjugates and synthetic tags was confirmed on the basis of the unique isotopic distribution resulting from the presence of boron atom. Moreover, incorporation of a quaternary ammonium salt dramatically improved the efficiency of ionization in mass spectrometry. It was found that the formation of a complex with phenylboronic acid stabilizes the sugar moiety in glycated peptides, resulting in simplification of the fragmentation pattern of peptide-derived Amadori products. The obtained results suggest that derivatization of phenylboronic acid as QAS is a promising method for sensitive ESI-MS detection of carbohydrates and their conjugates formed by non-enzymatic glycation or glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland,
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11
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Analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the pulp and paper industry by use of capillary zone electrophoresis: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5773-84. [PMID: 23715674 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate analysis is an important source of the information required for understanding and control of pulp and paper processes. The behavior of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the process, carbohydrate-lignin interactions, and the enzymatic treatment of fibers are examples of situations for which reliable, fast, qualitative, and quantitative methods are required. New uses of lignocellulosic material have further increased the need for carbohydrate analysis. This review collates and summarizes the most important findings and approaches in the analysis of wood-based carbohydrates by use of capillary zone electrophoresis and provides an analysis of the effect of different conditions on the separation, showing the advantages and limitations of the methods used. It provides guidelines for achieving higher quality and improved separation efficiency in carbohydrate analysis.
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12
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Mittermayr S, Bones J, Guttman A. Unraveling the Glyco-Puzzle: Glycan Structure Identification by Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4228-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4006099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittermayr
- Horváth
Laboratory of
Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT−The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth
Laboratory of
Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-PE Translational Glycomics
Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem,
Hungary
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Capillary electrophoretic monitoring of hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of willow: Comparison with HPLC and NMR. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sarazin C, Delaunay N, Costanza C, Eudes V, Gareil P. Application of a new capillary electrophoretic method for the determination of carbohydrates in forensic, pharmaceutical, and beverage samples. Talanta 2012; 99:202-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Vochyánová B, Opekar F, Tůma P, Štulík K. Rapid determinations of saccharides in high-energy drinks by short-capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1549-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Karabel’skii AV, Padkina MV. Purification of the chimeric protein alburon16 from a culture medium of the yeast Pichia pastoris. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Sarazin C, Delaunay N, Costanza C, Eudes V, Gareil P, Vial J. On the use of response surface strategy to elucidate the electrophoretic migration of carbohydrates and optimize their separation. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1351-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Véronique Eudes
- Central Laboratory of the Prefecture de Police; Paris; France
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da Silva LC, Garcia T, Mori M, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Finotelli PV, Cinelli LP, Caramella C, Cabral LM. Preparation and characterization of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles with anticoagulant activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2975-86. [PMID: 22787393 PMCID: PMC3390999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce and characterize nanoparticles (NPs), combining chondroitin sulfate (CS) and fucoidan (FC) with chitosan for therapeutic purposes. These NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential determination, and transmission electronic microscopy. The anticoagulant activity was determined for FC NPs and compared with FC solution at the same concentration. FC NPs showed regular shapes and better anticoagulant activity than free polysaccharide solution. FC solution did not affect coagulation compared to FC NPs, which increased up to two-fold, even at a lower concentration. Cytotoxicity and permeability tests were conducted using Caco-2 cell monolayer, exhibiting no toxic effect in this cell line and higher permeability for NP2 samples than FC solution at the same concentration.
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Wunschel DS, Wahl KL, Melville AM, Sorensen CM, Colburn HA, Valentine NB, Stamper CL. Determination of post-culture processing with carbohydrates by MALDI-MS and TMS derivatization GC–MS. Talanta 2011; 85:2352-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Sarazin C, Delaunay N, Costanza C, Eudes V, Mallet JM, Gareil P. New Avenue for Mid-UV-Range Detection of Underivatized Carbohydrates and Amino Acids in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7381-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2012834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Sarazin
- Central Laboratory of the Prefecture de Police, 39 bis, rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Electrolytes, Colloids and Analytical Sciences (PECSA), 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7195, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Electrolytes, Colloids and Analytical Sciences (PECSA), 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7195, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Costanza
- Central Laboratory of the Prefecture de Police, 39 bis, rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Eudes
- Central Laboratory of the Prefecture de Police, 39 bis, rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
- ENS, Laboratory of Biomolecules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gareil
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Electrolytes, Colloids and Analytical Sciences (PECSA), 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7195, 75005 Paris, France
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Tůma P, Málková K, Samcová E, Štulík K. Rapid monitoring of mono- and disaccharides in drinks, foodstuffs and foodstuff additives by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 698:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Xia YG, Wang QH, Liang J, Yang BY, Li GY, Kuang HX. Development and application of a rapid and efficient CZE method coupled with correction factors for determination of monosaccharide composition of acidic hetero-polysaccharides from Ephedra sinica. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:103-111. [PMID: 21204150 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ephedrine alkaloids cannot account for all the effects of Ephedra sinica and the polysaccharides are also demonstrated to be one of the main bioactive constituents of E. sinica. However, no work has been reported on the analysis of monosaccharide composition of purified polysaccharides isolated from the stem of E. sinica. OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid and efficient capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method based on pre-column derivatisation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone for the simultaneous determination of neutral and acidic sugars of purified polysaccharides from E. sinica. METHODOLOGY Three polysaccharides (ESP-A3, ESP-A4 and ESP-B4) were isolated and purified by ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography from the stem of E. sinica. The effects of background electrolyte pH and concentration, applied voltage and temperature on the separation were investigated. Meanwhile, factors affecting the hydrolysis of ESP-B4 with sulphuric acid were investigated by changing the hydrolysis time, acid concentration and hydrolytic temperature to achieve complete hydrolysis. The standard curves coupled with correction factors were used to calculate molar ratios. RESULTS The optimal CZE method coupled with correction factors was successfully applied to the determination of molar ratios of three purified polysaccharides and their corresponding partial acid hydrolysis products. ESP-A3, ESP-A4 and ESP-B4 were all typical acidic hetero-polysaccharides and consisted of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, and their corresponding molar ratios were 6.8:7.5:1.0:14.0:13.7:22.3:10.2:3.8 for ESP-A3, 1.2:4.1:1.0:5.1:1.6:17.3:3.1:2.2 for ESP-A4, and 1.0:4.5:1.0:2.0:1.0:5.5:1.5:50.0 for ESP-B4. CONCLUSION The results provided scientific evidence for the further study of the structure and bioactivity of complex acidic E. sinica polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Xia
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
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Miao X, Wang W, Xiong B, Zhou X, Hu J. A separation-free method for simultaneous determination of and sunset yellow in different abundance by integrating RBI and detectors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:514-518. [PMID: 32938065 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous determination of sucrose and sunset yellow in retail soft drink without separation by combination of retro-reflected beam interference-based refractive index (RBI) and thermal lens (TL) detections was developed. The method proposed here successfully realized individual measurements of sucrose and sunset yellow in one single sample, while their concentrations were thousands of times different in the sample. Under optimized conditions, a separation-free process was carried out so that sucrose and sunset yellow were quantified at the same time. Limits of detection (LODs) of sucrose and sunset yellow were 0. 21 mg ml-1 and 0.23 μg ml-1 and the relative standard deviation (RSDs) were 3.9% and 3.07%. The developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of sucrose and sunset yellow in retail soft drink. The soft drink containing 123.6 ± 2.6 mg ml-1 sucrose and 46.6 ± 1.8 μg ml-1 sunset yellow have been simultaneously measured without any separation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jiming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Du YX, Honda S, Taga A, Liu WY, Suzuki S. A Novel Polybrene/Chondroitin Sulfate C Double Coated Capillary and Its Application in Capillary Electrophoresis. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20020201218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Gao Q, Araia M, Leck C, Emmer Å. Characterization of exopolysaccharides in marine colloids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 662:193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Fuguet E, Reta M, Gibert C, Rosés M, Bosch E, Ràfols C. Critical evaluation of buffering solutions for pKadetermination by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2841-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Rovio S, Simolin H, Koljonen K, Sirén H. Determination of monosaccharide composition in plant fiber materials by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:139-44. [PMID: 18255080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neutral sugar composition of acid hydrolyzed extracts of cellulose fiber samples, i.e. oat spelt, wheat straw, thermomechanica pulp (TMP) made of spruce, aspen stemwood, and bleached birch kraft pulp, was determined by a new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method employing an alkaline background electrolyte. The method relies on in-capillary reaction and direct UV detection at wavelength 270 nm. Neutral carbohydrates D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(-)-arabinose, and D-(+)-xylose were simultaneously separated. The calibration plots were linear over a range from 10 to 150 mg/L for D-(+)-galactose, L-rhamnose, D-(+)-mannose, and D-(-)-arabinose and from 50 to 400mg/L for D-(+)-glucose and D-(+)-xylose. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of peak areas during a 5-day analysis period varied from 3.3% for galactose to 11.8% for rhamnose. RSDs of migration times varied between 0.3 and 0.7%. The detection limit (at S/N 3) was 5mg/L for each monosaccharide. The results obtained by CZE agreed well with results obtained by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Glucose and xylose were the two predominant monosaccharides in the plants, except in the spruce TMP sample where glucose and mannose dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Rovio
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland
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28
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Campa C, Rossi M. Capillary electrophoresis of neutral carbohydrates: mono-, oligosaccharides, glycosides. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:247-305. [PMID: 18392573 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reports an overview of the recent advances in the analysis of neutral sugars by capillary electrophoresis (CE); furthermore, some relevant reviews and research articles in the field are tabulated. Comparison of CE with chromatography is also presented, with special attention to separation efficiency and sensitivity. The main routes aimed at pretreatment and CE analysis of uncharged mono-, oligosaccharides, and glycosides are described. Representative examples of such procedures are reported in detail, upon describing robust methodologies for the study of (1) neutral mono- and oligosaccharides derivatized by reductive amination and by formation of glycosylamines; (2) underivatized mono- and di-saccharides analyzed using highly alkaline buffers; and (3) anomeric couples of glycosides separated using borate-based buffers.
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29
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Rovio S, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Sirén H. Determination of neutral carbohydrates by CZE with direct UV detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3129-35. [PMID: 17661315 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new CZE method relying on in-capillary reaction and direct UV detection at the wavelength 270 nm is presented for the simultaneous separation of the neutral carbohydrates xylitol, D-(-)-mannitol, sucrose, D-(+)-fucose, D-(+)-cellobiose, D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(-)-arabinose, D-(+)-xylose, and D-(-)-ribose. The alkaline electrolyte solution was prepared of 130 mM sodium hydroxide and 36 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate. Separation of the sample mixture was achieved within 35 min. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 0.05-3 mM. Reproducibility of migration times was between 0.3 and 1.1%, and the detection limits for the analytes were 0.02 and 0.05 mM. The optimized method was applied for the determination of neutral monosaccharides in lemon, pineapple, and orange juices and a cognac sample. The methodology is fast since no other sample preparation except dilution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Rovio
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Finland
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30
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Morales-Cid G, Simonet BM, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. On-capillary sample cleanup method for the electrophoretic determination of carbohydrates in juice samples. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1557-63. [PMID: 17447235 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On many occasions, sample treatment is a critical step in electrophoretic analysis. As an alternative to batch procedures, in this work, a new strategy is presented with a view to develop an on-capillary sample cleanup method. This strategy is based on the partial filling of the capillary with carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotube (c-SWNT). The nanoparticles retain interferences from the matrix allowing the determination and quantification of carbohydrates (viz glucose, maltose and fructose). The precision of the method for the analysis of real samples ranged from 5.3 to 6.4%. The proposed method was compared with a method based on a batch filtration of the juice sample through diatomaceous earth and further electrophoretic determination. This method was also validated in this work. The RSD for this other method ranged from 5.1 to 6%. The results obtained by both methods were statistically comparable demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed methods and their effectiveness. Electrophoretic separation of carbohydrates was achieved using 200 mM borate solution as a buffer at pH 9.5 and applying 15 kV. During separation, the capillary temperature was kept constant at 40 degrees C. For the on-capillary cleanup method, a solution containing 50 mg/L of c-SWNTs prepared in 300 mM borate solution at pH 9.5 was introduced for 60 s into the capillary just before sample introduction. For the electrophoretic analysis of samples cleaned in batch with diatomaceous earth, it is also recommended to introduce into the capillary, just before the sample, a 300 mM borate solution as it enhances the sensitivity and electrophoretic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morales-Cid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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31
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Gürel A, Hızal J, Öztekin N, Erim FB. CE Determination of Carbohydrates Using a Dipeptide as Separation Electrolyte. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Lamari F, Karamanos NK. HIGH PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS AS A POWERFUL ANALYTICAL TOOL OF GLYCOCONJUGATES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Lamari
- a Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , Patras , 261 10 , Greece
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- b Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , Patras , 261 10 , Greece
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33
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Gonçalves AG, Ducatti DRB, Paranha RG, Eugênia M, Duarte R, Noseda MD. Positional isomers of sulfated oligosaccharides obtained from agarans and carrageenans: preparation and capillary electrophoresis separation. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2123-34. [PMID: 16045901 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Partial reductive hydrolysis was used to produce oligosaccharide alditols from repetitive sulfated galactans obtained from four Rhodophyta species: kappa-carrageenan (from Kappaphycus alvarezii), theta-carrageenan (Gigartina skottsbergii-alkali-treated lambda-carrageenan), agarose 6-sulfate (Gracilaria domingensis), and pyruvylated agarose 2-sulfate (Acanthophora spicifera-alkali-treated pyruvylated agaran sulfate). Each hydrolyzate was submitted to anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography, and the isolated oligosaccharide alditols were identified by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and by ESI mass spectrometry. The positional isomers of the sulfated oligosaccharide alditols were then completely resolved by capillary electrophoresis in a borate buffer. Attempts to correlate the availability of the hydroxyl groups for borate complexation with the relative migration of the oligosaccharides are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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34
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Monegal A, Pinyol R, Planas A. Capillary electrophoresis method for the enzymatic assay of galactosyltransferases with postreaction derivatization. Anal Biochem 2005; 346:115-23. [PMID: 16185647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are key enzymes in glycoconjugate biosynthesis, which make them important targets for biomedical research. Among the different methodologies developed to analyze glycosyltransferase activities, fluorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis (FACE) emerges as a powerful technique in carbohydrate analysis. Its application to monitor glycosyltransferase activity has been limited to reactions with derivatized sugars as acceptor substrates in which a charged fluorophore/chromophore must be introduced, thus requiring tedious preparative synthesis and purification for each single acceptor substrate. Here we describe a novel and general glycosyltransferase assay based on FACE using underivatized acceptor substrates. Enzyme activity is monitored by a discontinuous assay with postreaction derivatization by reductive amination with 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid. The reaction mixture is directly analyzed by HPCE (high-performance capillary electrophoresis) under inverted electroosmotic conditions at pH 2.5 and 30 degrees C. After method validation, it was applied to the kinetic characterization of an alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of alphaGal epitope involved in the hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. The absence of a label on the acceptor during the GT reaction avoids any interference of the label with the enzyme, and the postreaction derivatization does not require any purification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monegal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Abstract
Food authenticity is a term which simply refers to whether the food purchased by the consumer matches its description. False description can occur in many forms, from the undeclared addition of water or other cheaper materials, or the wrong declaration of the amount of a particular ingredient in the product, to making false statements about the source of ingredients i.e., their geographic, plant, or animal origin. The aim of this review is to summarize applications of capillary electrophoresis in food authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Kvasnicka
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Preservation and Meat Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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36
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Kolhed M, Karlberg B. Capillary electrophoretic separation of sugars in fruit juices using on-line mid infrared Fourier transform detection. Analyst 2005; 130:772-8. [PMID: 15852150 DOI: 10.1039/b416289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy has been coupled to on-line capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation and detection of natural sugars in orange fruit juices. The CE separation electrolyte comprised 50 mM sodium carbonate buffer adjusted to pH 12.3 with NaOH. Galactose was selected as an internal standard. To ensure tight connections between the custom-made IR-transparent flow cell (optical path length was 15 [micro sign]m) and the fused silica capillaries, commercially available O-rings were used. The scanner of the spectrometer was operated at a HeNe laser modulation frequency of 320 kHz, recording interferograms in a double-sided, forward-backward mode with 8 cm(-1) spectral resolution. For each spectrum 64 interferograms (512 for the background) were co-added and a Blackman-Harris 3-term apodization function was performed. A low-pass filter at 1828 cm(-1) was inserted in the IR beam to increase the light throughput in the spectral region of interest (1800 cm(-1)-900 cm(-1)). Using these features a new spectrum could be obtained every two seconds. Sucrose, glucose and fructose were structurally identified and quantified in orange juice samples. The limits of detection (3S/N) for all analytes were in the low millimolar range (0.7-1.9 mM) or, in absolute amounts, the low nanogram range (1.5-3.2 ng). The resolution ranged between 1.14 to 3.15 and the RSD of the proposed method was 1.8-4.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Kolhed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Sato K, Sato K, Okubo A, Yamazaki S. Separation of 2-aminobenzoic acid-derivatized glycosaminoglycans and asparagine-linked glycans by capillary electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:21-4. [PMID: 15675510 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the analysis of oligosaccharides combined with derivatization with 2-aminobenzoic acid. Glycosaminoglycan delta-disaccharides were effectively resolved on a fused-silica capillary tube using 150 mM borate, pH 8.5, as a running electrolyte solution. This analytical method was applied to the identification of glycosaminoglycan in combination with enzymatic digestion. The separation of N-glycans or glucose-oligomers was performed with a phosphate buffer containing polyethylene glycol or borate as an electrolyte solution. This method is expected to be useful in the determination of oligosaccharide structures in a glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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38
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Kim KK, Escobedo JO, St. Luce NN, Rusin O, Wong D, Strongin RM. Postcolumn HPLC detection of mono- and oligosaccharides with a chemosensor. Org Lett 2003; 5:5007-10. [PMID: 14682751 PMCID: PMC3376175 DOI: 10.1021/ol035978q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel chromophoric compound 1 promotes the HPLC postcolumn detection of mono- and oligosaccharides. The detection of chromatographic peaks in the visible region for glucose, fructose, maltodextrins, sialic acid, and a ganglioside can be accomplished with a standard UV-vis detector. The use of selective, reversible binding agents in automated HPLC assays should allow for improved monitoring of specific analytes as well as material recovery. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Kwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Nadia N. St. Luce
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Oleksandr Rusin
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Douglas Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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39
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Venter P, Lues JFR. Extraction methods for lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 for quantitative analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 84:245-50. [PMID: 12781947 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major constituents of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was applied to distinguish between lipopolysaccharides extracted from Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with various techniques. Extraction methods proposed by Westphal and Jann [Methods Carbohydr. Chem. 5 (1965) 83], Galanos et al. [Eur. J. Biochem. 9 (1969) 245], Ni Eidhin and Mouton [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 110 (1993) 133] and Nichols [Infect. Immun. 62 (1994) 3753] for LPS preparation were evaluated. Electrophoresis buffers with varying pHs were applied to assess the structure stability of the extracted LPS samples. Variations in structural breakdown were apparent demonstrating that different extraction methods removed different LPS molecules. Furthermore, the results obtained proved the CZE useful as an analytical technique for LPS evaluation. The LPS removed with the Nichols extraction procedure presented a unique electrophorogram that could in future be applied in the rapid identification of Gram-negative foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Venter
- School of Environmental Development and Agriculture, P/Bag X20539, Technikon Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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40
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Kett WC. The reaction of acetylacetone with amino sugars: implications for the formation of glycosylpyrazole derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:819-26. [PMID: 12681905 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylpyrazoles are efficiently formed by reaction of saccharide hydrazones with pentan-2,4-dione (acetylacetone), but in aqueous buffer, pyrazole derivatives of amino sugars couple with a further equivalent of acetylacetone affording high yields of ketoenamines. These ketoenamines were considerably more stable than the ketoenamines formed from 2-amino-2-deoxy aldoses that have been described as intermediates in the classical Elson-Morgan reaction. Moreover, high yields of perketoenamine derivatives were achieved with oligosaccharides derived from hydrolysis of chitosan. The removal of the ketoenamine moieties to regenerate the free amine was readily accomplished with aqueous hydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren C Kett
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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41
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Hu Q, Zhou T, Hu G, Fang Y. Determination of sugars in Chinese traditional drugs by CE with amperometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 30:1047-53. [PMID: 12408895 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and reliable method, based on capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection, for the separation and determination of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in Chinese traditional drugs, namely Astragalus Membranceus (Fish.) Bge, Angelica and Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. was described in this paper. A copper disk electrode was used as working electrode. The optimal conditions of separation and detection were 0.05 mol/l sodium hydroxide buffer (pH 12.7), 5 kV for the separation voltage and +0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for the detection potential. The linear ranges were from 5.0x10(-6) to 5.0x10(-4) mol/l for all three sugars. The all regression coefficients were more than 0.999. The detection limits were 1.0x10(-6) mol/l for glucose and fructose, and 4.0x10(-6) mol/l for sucrose. The method built in this paper was directly applied to the separation and determination of the three sugars in three Chinese traditional drugs without prior derivatization, and the content for every sugar in the drugs was first assayed. The assay results were satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, Nanjing, China
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42
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Honda S, Okeda J, Iwanaga H, Kawakami S, Taga A, Suzuki S, Imai K. Ultramicroanalysis of reducing carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection as 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-tagged N-methylglycamine derivatives. Anal Biochem 2000; 286:99-111. [PMID: 11038280 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for ultramicroanalysis of carbohydrates using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection was developed, based on precapillary conversion to 7-nitro-2,1, 3-benzoxadiazole (NBD)-tagged N-methylglycamines. Although the derivatization involves two-step reactions, i.e., reductive N-methylamination followed by condensation with NBD-F, they can be carried out in a one-pot fashion and proceed quantitatively within ca. 50 min in total. Since the reaction conditions are mild, it does not cause desialylation. The derivatives can be well separated by capillary electrophoresis and sensitively detected by argon laser-induced fluorescence. It allowed detection of monosaccharides of down to nanomolar concentrations for analytical sample solution, which correspond to the attomole injected amounts, and good linearity was observed over a wide range. It was also successfully applied to analysis of N-glycans in a microgram quantity of a glycoprotein. Studies on the cleanup of derivatized product are also described in relation to N-glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Honda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Japan.
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43
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Osthoff HD, Sujino K, Palcic MM, Dovichi NJ. Effects of amine modifiers on the separation of tetramethylrhodamine-labeled mono- and oligosaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 895:285-90. [PMID: 11105873 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nine tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) labeled isomeric oligosaccharide derivatives of betaGal(1 --> 4) betaGlcNAc-O-TMR were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Charged species were created in situ by complexation with borate and phenylborate. Micellar separation was achieved by addition of 10 mM sodium dodecylsulfate to the running buffer. We have investigated the effects of adding a homologous series of monoamine modifiers on the separation efficiency of these oligosaccharides. The separation was significantly improved in the presence of the organic modifiers methyl- and ethylamines, but worsened in the presence of propyl- and butylamines. Possible mechanisms of the amine additives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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44
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Zamfir A, König S, Althoff J, Peter-Katalinc J. Capillary electrophoresis and off-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2000; 895:291-9. [PMID: 11105874 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of off-line high-performance capillary electrophoresis in connection with nanospray electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for identification of complex carbohydrates of biological origin is presented. The method was applied to the identification of O-glycosylated amino acids and -glycopeptides from the urine of patients suffering from a hereditary disease - N-acetylhexosaminidase deficiency. Structural elements typical for O-glycosylation of proteins, like expression of core 1 and 2 type O-glycans with different numbers of N-acetyllactosaminyl repeats and different degrees of sialylation, can be directly detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamfir
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Germany
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45
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Kett WC, Batley M, Redmond JW. Heterocyclic derivatives of sugars: the formation of 1-glycosyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-ones from hydrazones. Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:169-77. [PMID: 11086696 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conditions to effect the conversion of monosaccharide and disaccharide hydrazones to 1-glycosyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-ones were examined. The sugar pyrazolone derivatives were sensitive to oxidation, but high yields were achieved with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetoacetate in mildly acidic solution. Azo coupling of the pyrazolones produced highly coloured azopyrazolone derivatives that prevented further degradation, and these may prove useful labels for chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Kett
- Department of Chemistry, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
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46
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers the analyst a number of key advantages for the analysis of the components of foods. CE offers better resolution than, say, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is more adept at the simultaneous separation of a number of components of different chemistries within a single matrix. In addition, CE requires less rigorous sample cleanup procedures than HPLC, while offering the same degree of automation. However, despite these advantages, CE remains under-utilized by food analysts. Therefore, this review consolidates and discusses the currently reported applications of CE that are relevant to the analysis of foods. Some discussion is also devoted to the development of these reported methods and to the advantages/disadvantages compared with the more usual methods for each particular analysis. It is the aim of this review to give practicing food analysts an overview of the current scope of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Frazier
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
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47
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48
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49
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Abstract
This review summarizes publications on capillary electrophoresis (CE) of carbohydrates, covering almost all hitherto published papers on this topic. It is designed to be a convenient tool for the literature search by providing a comprehensive table. Since CE analysis of carbohydrates is generally complicated due to the structural diversity of carbohydrate species, an attempt is made in this table to supply detailed information on the analyzed form (underivatized or derivatized, type of derivative) and analytical conditions (capillary size, state of the inner wall, composition of the electrophoretic solution, applied voltage, detection method, etc.), for each combination of carbohydrate species to be analyzed. In addition, a brief overview is presented to help in the literature search.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashi-osaka, Japan
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Tran NT, Taverna M, Deschamps FS, Morin P, Ferrier D. Investigation of micelles and anionic cyclodextrins as pseudostationary phases for the capillary electrophoresis separation of oligosaccharides derivatized with 2-amino-benzamide. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:2630-8. [PMID: 9848671 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oligomers of glucose and oligosaccharides released from glycoproteins were derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide. As this fluorophore imparts no charge to the oligosaccharides, several strategies were investigated to achieve capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of both neutral and charged derivatized glycans. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) with the addition of anionic surfactants was evaluated as a first approach: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) produced the best separation of the oligoglucose fragments, where the migration was inversely related to their degree of polymerization. To demonstrate the applicability of this method for complex carbohydrate analysis, oligosaccharide mixtures derived from ribonuclease B (RNase B) and alpha-acid glycoprotein (alpha-AGP) were analyzed. A satisfactory separation for the high-mannose structures found in RNase B could be obtained, whereas charged oligosaccharides from alpha-AGP were poorly resolved. Cyclodextrin-modified CE was chosen as the second approach: the effect of the addition of sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) or sulfobutylether-gamma-cyclodextrin (SBE-gamma-CD) on the electrophoretic mobilities and resolution of neutral and charged oligosaccharides was then studied. Selectivity of sialylated structures could be further improved by using anionic cyclodextrins (CDs) instead of micelles. However, this latter approach failed to baseline-resolve the different high-mannose structures of RNase B. A successful separation of the complex mixture of oligosaccharides from alphaalpha-AGP was obtained with the addition of 4% of SBE-gamma-CD and triethylamine (TEA) in a phosphate buffer, pH 6.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Tran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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