1
|
Kawano K, Ueno T, Maeda T, Nohara C, Maki K, Iwanaga K, Morinaga A, Funakoshi S, Abe M, Satoh A, Kawazoe M, Yoshimura C, Takahashi K, Tada K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Mukobara S, Kawanami D, Masutani K, Arima H. Relationship between abdominal circumference and the incidence of hyperuricemia in the general Japanese population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4573. [PMID: 38403743 PMCID: PMC10894858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to separately evaluate the relationship between waist circumference and the incidence of hyperuricemia in men and women in the general Japanese population. We performed a population-based longitudinal study using data from the annual health examination of residents of Iki City, Japan. A total of 5567 participants without hyperuricemia at baseline were included in the analysis. The men and women were placed into groups according to the tertile of waist circumference. The outcome was incident hyperuricemia (uric acid > 416 µmol/L [7.0 mg/dL]). The relationship between waist circumference and the incidence of hyperuricemia was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. During the follow-up period, hyperuricemia developed in 697 people (551 men and 146 women). The incidence (per 1000 person-years) of hyperuricemia increased with increasing waist circumference in the men (34.9 for tertile 1, 49.9 for tertile 2 and 63.3 for tertile 3; Ptrend < 0.001) and women (5.5 for tertile 1, 6.3 for tertile 2 and 11.9 for tertile 3; Ptrend < 0.001). Significant associations were identified after adjustment for potential confounders (men: Ptrend < 0.001; women: Ptrend = 0.014). In conclusion, both men and women with larger waist circumferences were at higher risks of subsequent hyperuricemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Kawano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Tamami Ueno
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nohara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaori Maki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Iwanaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Morinaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Mukobara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki Prefecture Iki Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu S, Zhang X, Stamatiou M, Hambly C, Huang Y, Ma J, Li Y, Speakman JR. Higher than predicted resting energy expenditure and lower physical activity in healthy underweight Chinese adults. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1413-1415. [PMID: 35839758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to popular opinion that lean individuals "eat what they want" and exercise more, Hu et al. study a cohort of healthy underweight volunteers and reveal them to have reduced physical activity relative to normal BMI controls and lower food intake. This cohort is also shown to have higher than expected resting energy expenditure, which is associated with elevations in thyroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PRC
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Marina Stamatiou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Jianfang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PRC
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Kunming, PRC.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shaheen MH, Bayounos S, Thabet EM, Al-zuraiqi B, Badr K, Alghamdi SA, AlGhamdi FE. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Improvement Secondary to Moderate Weight Loss: Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e24554. [PMID: 35664383 PMCID: PMC9146783 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eustachian tube (ET) is an osteocartilaginous canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. It is one of the critical structures essential for middle ear functions. ET dysfunction causes discomfort in the affected ear and decreased hearing. This is the first case report of improving hearing and middle ear aeration and ET function secondary to body weight reduction. A 27-year-old male patient presented to the otology clinic complaining of decreased hearing for two years. Initial ear examination revealed retraction of TM on the left ear with two retraction pockets, and on the right ear, the TM was dull with one retraction pocket. The patient reported losing some of his body weight during those six months. Ear examination revealed improvement in the TM retraction in both ears. The improvement in hearing was evidenced by a serial audiogram, while the middle ear aeration was evidenced by clinical examination.
Collapse
|
4
|
Prasad K. Current Status of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Angiol 2021; 30:177-186. [PMID: 34776817 PMCID: PMC8580611 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of all death from cardiovascular diseases is due to coronary artery disease (CAD). This is avoidable if early identification is made. Preventive health care has a major role in the fight against CAD. Atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture are involved in the development of CAD. Modifiable risk factors for CAD are dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, chronic renal disease, chronic infection, high C-reactive protein, and hyperhomocysteinemia. CAD can be prevented by modification of risk factors. This paper defines the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD. It discusses the mechanism of risk factor-induced atherosclerosis. This paper describes the CAD risk score and its use in the selection of individuals for primary prevention of CAD. Guidelines for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD have been described. Modification of risk factors and use of guidelines for prevention of CAD would prevent, regress, and slow down the progression of CAD, improve the quality of life of patient, and reduce the health care cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Yang H, Ren M, Wang R, Zhao F, Liu T, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Cong H. Distribution of risk factors of hypertension patients in different age groups in Tianjin. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:247. [PMID: 33514347 PMCID: PMC7846994 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin. Methods A total of 33,997 people (35–75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41–65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039–1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691–2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590–2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287–2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330–2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619–2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412–1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409–1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307–1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160–1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830–2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243–2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345–1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061–2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192–1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group. Conclusion Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Min Ren
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Fumei Zhao
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hongliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soneye MA, Adekanmi AJ, Obajimi MO, Aje A. Intima-media thickness of femoral arteries and carotids among an adult hypertensive Nigerian population: A case-control study to assess their use as surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. Ann Afr Med 2020; 18:158-166. [PMID: 31417017 PMCID: PMC6704813 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_57_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) is an established and important surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickening in the femoral arteries occur earlier and reflect the true extent of generalized atherosclerosis better than in the carotids. Aims: To study the ultrasound-detected morphological changes in the common femoral versus carotid artery wall. Patients and Methods: A case-control study design was used, with 61 adult hypertensive as cases and 61 age-, sex- and BMI-matched normotensive as controls. Variables were participants' characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and ultrasonographically evaluated IMT of the carotid and femoral arteries. Results: A total of 122 participants were studied. The mean femoral IMT in hypertensives and controls on the right and left was 0.63 ± 0.07mm vs. 0.52 ± 0.06mm [P < 0.0001] and 0.69 ± 0.0 mm vs. 0.55 ± 0.05mm [P < 0.0001]. Also, the mean carotid IMT among hypertensives and controls on the right =0.80 ±0.15mm vs. 0.64 ± 0.06mm [P < 0.0001], and 0.91 ± 0.22mm vs. 0.65 ± 0.06mm [P < 0.0001] on the left. Significant correlation was observed between IMT and age (B = 0.006, P < 0.001 and B = 0.003, P < 0.001), hypertension (B = 0.205, P < 0.001 and B = 0.122, p< 0.001), and duration of hypertension (B = 0.02, P < 0.001 and B = 0.006, P = 0.02) the femoral and carotid arteries respectively. Conclusion: The femoral and the carotid artery show similar significantly increased IMT in hypertensive adults. The femoral IMT appears to be a good surrogate marker of atherosclerosis among hypertensive Nigerians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akinyemi Aje
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Du M, Yin S, Wang P, Wang X, Wu J, Xue M, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Liang D, Wang R, Liu D, Shu W, Xu X, Hao R, Li S. Self-reported hypertension in Northern China: a cross-sectional study of a risk prediction model and age trends. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:475. [PMID: 29921264 PMCID: PMC6006843 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease, particularly in countries that are not economically developed. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with self-reported hypertension among residents of Inner Mongolia using a cross-sectional study and to explore trends in the rate of self-reported hypertension. METHODS Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to survey 13,554 participants aged more than 15 years residing in Inner Mongolia for the 2013 Fifth Health Service Survey. Hypertension was self-reported based on a past diagnosis of hypertension and current use of antihypertensive medication. Adjusted odds risks (ORs) of self-reported hypertension were derived for each independent risk factor including basic socio-demographic and clinical factors using multivariable logistic regression. An optimized risk score model was used to assess the risk and determine the predictive power of risk factors on self-reported hypertension among Inner Mongolia residents. RESULTS During study period, self-reported hypertension prevalence was 19.0% (2571/13,554). In multivariable analyses, both female and minority groups were estimated to be associated with increased risk of self-reported hypertension, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.22 (1.08, 1.37) and 1.66 (1.29, 2.13) for other minority compared with Han, increased risk of self-reported hypertension prevalence was associated with age, marital status, drinking, BMI, and comorbidity. In the analyses calculated risk score by regression coefficients, old age (≥71) had a score of 12, which was highest among all examined factors. The predicted probability of self-reported hypertension was positively associated with risk score. Of 13,421 participants with complete data, 284 had a risk score greater than 20, which corresponded to a high estimated probability of self-reported hypertension (≥67%). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported hypertension was largely related to multiple clinical and socio-demographic factors. An optimized risk score model can effectively predict self-reported hypertension. Understanding these factors and assessing the risk score model can help to identify the high-risk groups, especially in areas with multi-ethnic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Du
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Shaohua Yin
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China. .,Department of nutrition and food hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingming Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Huiqiu Zheng
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Danyan Liang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Ruiqi Hao
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Shiyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin C, Chu H, Li H, Xiao Y. Plasma Sfrp5 and adiponectin levels in relation to blood pressure among obese children. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:284-291. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
10
|
Moinuddin A, Gupta R, Saxena Y. Assessment of Anthropometric Indices, Salt Intake and Physical Activity in the Aetiology of Prehypertension. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:CC11-4. [PMID: 27042453 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17482.7200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, prehypertension is responsible for approximately 62% of cardiovascular and 49% of ischemic heart disease (IHD) episodes. Current data from the Indian subcontinent suggests that prevalence of prehypertension was 47% amongst young urban residents. Considering its serious prognosis, the current study was undertaken to assess risk factors such as for cardiovascular diseases in prehypertensives adult males in Uttarakhand region. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, HIMS, Dehradun, over a period of 12 months. Volunteers (20-40 years) were divided into two groups; Group I (Controls): normotensives and Group II (Cases): prehypertensives based on JNC VII classification. RESULTS Exercise capacity, determined by peak VO2 consumption was significantly lower in prehypertensive group than the normotensive group (p<0.001). Daily salt intake of pre-hypertensives was significantly greater than the normotensive subjects (p<0.001). Multiple Linear Regression analysis revealed that average baseline SBP increases by 0.34 mmHg for every 1 kg increase in weight and average baseline DBP increases by 0.25 mmHg for every 1 year increase in age. CONCLUSION Exercise capacity was found decreased in pre-hypertensives and they have high daily salt intake. Also, weight and age emerged as independent risk factors for SBP and DBP respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Moinuddin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, NIMS Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rani Gupta
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences , SRHU, Jollygrant, Dehradun, India
| | - Yogesh Saxena
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences , SRHU, Jollygrant, Dehradun, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Changes in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Monozygotic Twins: The Healthy Twin Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:151-7. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the non-genetic contribution to the associations between the change in weight and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This analysis included 194 Korean monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (116 men, 272 women; mean age, 38.5 ± 6.8 years) who were first examined for weight and CVD risk factors (blood pressure (BP), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)) between December 2005 and December 2008, and returned for a repeat examination after 2.7 ± 0.9 years. The within-pair correlations were 0.21 for the change in weight and 0.05-0.42 for the changes in CVD risk factors. Bivariate analyses showed significant environmental correlations shared between the change in weight and the changes in CVD risk factors (p < .05), except for glucose, while there were no significant genetic effects shared between the phenotypes. After adjusting for baseline values of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, and LDL significantly increased by 1.6 mmHg, 0.09 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, per 1 kg increase in within-pair differences in weight change. In Korean MZ twins, similarity between twins for changes in weight and CVD risk factors were small to moderate, and non-genetic factors were responsible for the associations between the change in weight and changes in DBP, TG, TC, and LDL.
Collapse
|
12
|
Brennan L, Murphy KD, Shaw KA, McKenzie JE. WITHDRAWN: Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD003818. [PMID: 24800726 PMCID: PMC10680412 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003818.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the last update of this review multiple changes like new methods and other standards make it necessary to withdraw this review and register a new title on the same topic. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Brennan
- Monash UniversityCentre for Obesity Research and EducationLevel 6, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial RoadMelbourneVICAustralia3004
| | - Kylie D Murphy
- Monash UniversityCentre for Obesity Research and EducationLevel 6, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial RoadMelbourneVICAustralia3004
| | - Kelly A Shaw
- Tasmanian GovernmentDepartment of Health and Human Services3/25 Argyle StreetHobartTasmaniaAustralia7000
| | - Joanne E McKenzie
- Monash UniversitySchool of Public Health & Preventive MedicineThe Alfred Centre99 Commercial RoadMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3004
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee IT, Fu CP, Lee WJ, Liang KW, Lin SY, Wan CJ, Sheu WHH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, but not body weight, correlated with a reduction in depression scale scores in men with metabolic syndrome: a prospective weight-reduction study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:18. [PMID: 24524285 PMCID: PMC3925444 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a critical component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is associated with depression. Deficiency of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the mechanism of depression. We hypothesized that weight reduction would improve depressive symptoms via increasing BDNF levels in obese men. METHODS Male adults with obesity were enrolled in a weight-reduction program for twelve weeks. All subjects underwent daily caloric restriction and an exercise program which was regularly assessed in group classes. Fasting blood samples and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS) scores were collected for assessments before and after the study. RESULTS A total of 36 subjects completed this program. The average reduction in body weight was 8.4 ± 5.1 kg (8.8 ± 5.1%, P < 0.001). Fasting serum BDNF significantly increased after the study (from 40.4 ± 7.8 to 46.9 ± 8.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001). However, the depression symptoms, as assessed by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS), did not reduce significantly (P = 0.486). Divided into subgroups based on changes in BDNF, Zung SDS scores were significantly reduced in subjects with greater BDNF increase than in those with minor BDNF change (-3.9 ± 6.2 vs. 2.3 ± 6.7, P = 0.009). The increased percentage of BDNF was inversely correlated with the change in Zung SDS (r = -0.380, P = 0.022). Multivariate regression analysis showed that reduction in BDNF was independently associated with change in Zung SDS (95% confidence interval -0.315 to -0.052, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Zung SDS only significantly improved in men with increased fasting BDNF levels after a lifestyle intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION (NCT01065753, ClinicalTrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Po Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Jen Wan
- Department of Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim EJ, Cho SW, Kang JY, Choi TI, Park YK. Effects of a 12-Week Lifestyle Intervention on Health Outcome and Serum Adipokines in Middle-Aged Korean Men with Borderline High Blood Pressure. J Am Coll Nutr 2012; 31:352-60. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang X, Yao S, Sun G, Yu S, Sun Z, Zheng L, Xu C, Li J, Sun Y. Total and abdominal obesity among rural Chinese women and the association with hypertension. Nutrition 2012; 28:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
16
|
Gamborg M, Jensen GB, Sørensen TIA, Andersen PK. Dynamic path analysis in life-course epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1131-9. [PMID: 21415031 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-course epidemiology seeks to better understand the mechanisms that lead to the development of chronic diseases. An example is the mechanism leading from body size to coronary heart disease (CHD); one way to acquire a better understanding of this mechanism is to investigate to what extent it works through other risk factors. In this paper, the dynamic path analysis model is presented as a tool to analyze these dynamic mechanisms in life-course epidemiology. A key feature of dynamic path analysis is its ability to decompose the total effect of a risk factor into a direct effect (not mediated by other variables) and indirect effects (mediated through other variables). This is illustrated by examining the associations between repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the risk of CHD in a sample of Danish men between 1976 and 2006. The effect of baseline BMI on the risk of CHD is decomposed into a direct effect and indirect effects going through later BMI, concurrent SBP, or later SBP. In conclusion, dynamic path analysis is a flexible tool that by the decomposition of effects can be used to increase the understanding of mechanisms that underlie the etiology of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gamborg
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Øster Søgade 18, DK-1357 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nery AB, Mesquita ET, Lugon JR, Kang HC, Miranda VAD, Souza BGTD, Andrade JAM, Rosa MLG. Prehypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in adults enrolled in a primary care programme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:233-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1741826710389380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Nery
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evandro T Mesquita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jocemir R Lugon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hye Chung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo GT de Souza
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana AM Andrade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza G Rosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is a common medical problem. It carries a significantly increased risk of end-organ damage and cardiovascular events compared with more easily controlled hypertension. Resistant hypertension is most often related to isolated systolic hypertension and is characterized by aldosterone excess and increased intravascular volume. Its diagnosis requires the exclusion of pseudoresistance. The etiology of resistant hypertension is almost always multifactorial. Common reversible contributing factors need to be identified and addressed. Secondary causes of hypertension, such as primary aldosteronism, parenchymal and vascular kidney disease, and obstructive sleep apnea, require investigation and effective treatment if present. Therapy for resistant hypertension should be based on use of rational drug class combinations at optimal doses, with particular attention to adequate diuretic use. The addition of an aldosterone antagonist may further improve blood pressure control.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cutter G, St Jeor S, Brunner R, Wolfe P, Foreyt J, Dyer A, Brownell KD. Methodological issues in weight cycling. Ann Behav Med 2009; 18:280-9. [PMID: 18425674 DOI: 10.1007/bf02895290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that weight changes may be related to disease risk independent of weight status. A critical step in testing this assertion is the measurement of weight change and so-called "weight cycling". However intuitive the concept of weight cycling may appear, research in this area is hampered by complex methodological issues. This article discusses various measures of nominal weight cycling, including the standard deviation, coefficient of variation, regression techniques, and cycles. A cycle is a sequence of a gain followed by a loss or vice versa. The various measures are compared in seven hypothetical cases created to illustrate their strengths and weaknesses. Superior performance of the cycles measure over the coefficient of variation, number of fluctuations, and simple regression methods is argued. The linkage of the cycles measure with the statistical theory of runs also provides a basis for testing the significance of weight fluctuations or other variables that may cycle, such as blood lipids, etc. The cycles measure and runs test provide a viable definition for identifying weight cycling and a tool for evaluating the critical amount of weight gained and/or lost in relationship to risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cutter
- Division of Biostatistics, AMC Cancer Research Center, 1600 Pierce Street, Denver, CO 80114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bigal ME, Lipton RB, Biondi DM, Xiang J, Hulihan J. Weight Change and Clinical Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk During Preventive Treatment of Migraine. Cephalalgia 2009; 29:1188-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Migraine, particularly migraine with aura, and increased body weight are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association of weight change and clinical markers of CVD risk was evaluated in subjects participating in a randomized double-blind, parallel-group study of migraine-preventive treatment comparing 100 mg/day of topiramate and amitriptyline. Individuals from both treatment groups were pooled and stratified into three groups. The ‘major weight gain’ group gained ≥ 5% of their baseline body weight at the conclusion of the study; the ‘major weight loss’ group lost ≥ 5% of their baseline body weight. The third group had < 5% of weight change. The influence of weight change in headache outcomes, as well as in markers of CVD (blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein), was assessed using analysis of covariance. Of 331 subjects, 52 (16%) experienced major weight gain and 56 (17%) experienced major weight loss. Weight change was not associated with differential efficacy for the treatment of headache. However, contrasted with those with major weight loss, those who gained weight experienced elevations in mean diastolic blood pressure (+2.5 vs. -1.2 mmHg), heart rate (+7.6 vs. -1.3 beats per minute), glycosylated haemoglobin (+0.09% vs. -0.04%), total cholesterol (+6.4 vs. -6.3 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+7.0 vs. -4.4 mg/ dl) and triglycerides (+15.3 vs. -10.4 mg/dl) and an increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (+1.8 vs. -1.9 mg/l). Both groups experienced decreases in systolic blood pressure (-4.0 vs. -1.3 mmHg) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-3.7 vs. -0.8 mg/dl). Increased weight during migraine treatment is not associated with poor headache treatment outcomes, but is associated with deterioration of CVD risk markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ME Bigal
- Global Center for Scientific Affairs, Merck Research Laboratories, Whitehouse Station
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - RB Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- Montefiore Headache Center
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - DM Biondi
- Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| | - J Xiang
- Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| | - J Hulihan
- Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Background: Blood lipid levels as part of the metabolic syndrome are thought to be linked to cancer risk. Few epidemiological studies have addressed the association between serum triglyceride (STG) concentrations and cancer risk. Methods: Serum triglyceride concentrations were collected in a health investigation (1988–2003). The analyses included 156 153 subjects (71 693 men and 84 460 women), with 5079 incident cancers in men and 4738 cancers in women, and an average of 10.6 years of follow-up. All malignancies were ascertained from the population cancer registry. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models stratified by age and sex were used to determine adjusted cancer risk estimates and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: In men and women combined, higher STG concentrations were associated with increased risk of lung (4th vs 1st quartile: HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.47–2.54), rectal (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.00–2.44), and thyroid cancer (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.00–3.84). Serum triglyceride concentrations were inversely associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In men, STG concentrations were inversely associated with prostate cancer and positively with renal cancer. In women, STG concentrations were positively associated with gynaecological cancers. Stratification by BMI revealed a higher risk of gynaecological cancers in overweight than in normal weight women. No other associations were found. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that STG concentrations are involved in the pathogenesis of lung, rectal, thyroid, prostate, and gynaecological cancers.
Collapse
|
22
|
New Therapeutic Options in Patients Prone to Hypertension: A Focus on Direct Renin Inhibition and Aldosterone Blockade. Am J Med Sci 2009; 337:438-44. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31819b3a80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Løchen ML. The Tromsø Heart Study: coronary risk factor levels in treated and untreated hypertensives. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 224:515-21. [PMID: 3207064 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb19621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronary risk factors are described in 288 medically treated hypertensives, 1293 untreated hypertensives and 15,029 normotensives. Cholesterol in untreated men and women was 0.37 mmol/l and 0.35 mmol/l higher than in normotensives (p less than 0.001). Non-significant differences were observed between those untreated and treated. Treated men and women had 0.16 mmol/l and 0.14 mmol/l lower HDL cholesterol than untreated (p less than 0.01). Between untreated and normotensives non-significant differences were found. Triglycerides were 0.27 mmol/l and 0.22 mmol/l higher in treated than in untreated men and women (p less than 0.01). Normotensive men and women had 0.33 mmol/l and 0.10 mmol/l lower triglycerides than untreated (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that the increased cholesterol in hypertensives was present originally, while the decreased HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides probably were evoked by drugs. The importance of consideration of the whole constellation of risk factors in order to reduce the mortality from coronary heart disease by antihypertensive drug treatment is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Løchen
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Landin K, Lindgärde F, Saltin B, Wilhelmsen L. Decreased skeletal muscle potassium in obesity. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 223:507-13. [PMID: 3389206 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of body weight on total body potassium, skeletal muscle electrolytes and fat content was studied in seven lean and seven obese middle-aged men and seven lean and eight obese middle-aged women. Total body potassium and total body fat increased with body weight (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05 for men, and p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001 for women, respectively). So did muscle fat in men (p less than 0.01), while muscle tissue potassium was decreased in both obese men (p less than 0.001) and obese women (p less than 0.05). The skeletal muscle Na/K-ratio tended to be higher in obese men (p less than 0.1) but was not related to body weight in women. Skeletal muscle magnesium was higher (p less than 0.01) in obese men than in lean men. No differences between lean and obese women were found. Obese men had higher diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) than lean men, while there was no difference between obese and lean women. Compared with lean subjects, obese subjects thus had lower relative skeletal muscle mass and men, especially, had more fat and less potassium in the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Landin
- Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Storm-Mathisen H, Løken H, Landmark K. Clinical experiences in arterial hypertension in the elderly. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 676:186-204. [PMID: 6140824 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb19343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
27
|
Huttunen JK, Pietinen P, Nissinen A, Puska P. Dietary factors and hypertension. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 701:72-82. [PMID: 3907297 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that nutritional factors are critical in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension typical for acculturated societies. These factors include sodium, potassium, calcium, alcohol, and type and level of fat in the diet. More research is needed, however, before the role of various nutrients in the prevention and treatment of hypertension will be ascertained.
Collapse
|
28
|
Higgins M, Kannel W, Garrison R, Pinsky J, Stokes J. Hazards of obesity--the Framingham experience. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 723:23-36. [PMID: 3164971 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of height, weight, skinfolds and waist girth were used as indicators of general and regional obesity in the Framingham study population of 5,209 men and women. Mean values of cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and uric acid increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). Weight gain was associated with increases and weight loss with decreases in these risk factors. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent in men and women with low quintile BMI. Upper quintile values of BMI, subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth were associated with increased relative risks of death from all causes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease but relative risks for intermittent claudication were not increased. General and central obesity each made independent contributions to risk of CHD but central obesity was a better predictor in males. BMI, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose were significantly independent predictors of CHD. These data show that increased relative weight and central obesity are associated with elevated levels of risk factors, with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and with increased death rates for all causes combined. Mortality rates are also increased among the leanest members of the population, especially among older men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Higgins
- Epidemiology and Biometry Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Patrick K, Raab F, Adams MA, Dillon L, Zabinski M, Rock CL, Griswold WG, Norman GJ. A text message-based intervention for weight loss: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2009; 11:e1. [PMID: 19141433 PMCID: PMC2729073 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated whether weight loss can be promoted in overweight adults through the use of an intervention that is largely based on daily SMS (Short Message Service: text) and MMS (Multimedia Message Service: small picture) messages transmitted via mobile phones. Objective This paper describes the development and evaluation of a text message–based intervention designed to help individuals lose or maintain weight over 4 months. Methods The study was a randomized controlled trial, with participants being exposed to one of the following two conditions, lasting 16 weeks: (1) receipt of monthly printed materials about weight control; (2) an intervention that included personalized SMS and MMS messages sent two to five times daily, printed materials, and brief monthly phone calls from a health counselor. The primary outcome was weight at the end of the intervention. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis compared the effect of the intervention group to the comparison group on weight status over the 4-month intervention period. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models examined weight change between baseline and 4 months after adjusting for baseline weight, sex, and age. Results A total of 75 overweight men and women were randomized into one of the two groups, and 65 signed the consent form, completed the baseline questionnaire, and were included in the analysis. At the end of 4 months, the intervention group (n = 33) lost more weight than the comparison group (−1.97 kg difference, 95% CI −0.34 to −3.60 kg, P = .02) after adjusting for sex and age. Intervention participants’ adjusted average weight loss was 2.88 kg (3.16%). At the end of the study, 22 of 24 (92%) intervention participants stated that they would recommend the intervention for weight control to friends and family. Conclusions Text messages might prove to be a productive channel of communication to promote behaviors that support weight loss in overweight adults. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00415870; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00415870 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5dnolbkFt)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Patrick
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0811, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
The genetic variation in the tenomodulin gene is associated with serum total and LDL cholesterol in a body size-dependent manner. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1868-72. [PMID: 18982016 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that the sequence variation in the tenomodulin (TNMD) gene is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), central obesity and serum levels of systemic immune mediators in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS), which is a longitudinal lifestyle intervention study on 522 middle-aged persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the association with T2DM, observed in the DPS could be replicated in a larger, cross-sectional population-based random sample of 5298 men (3020 with normoglycaemia, 984 with impaired fasting glucose, 436 with IGT and 811 with T2DM) from the region of Kuopio, eastern Finland. To further explore the putative mechanisms linking TNMD to T2DM and metabolic syndrome, we studied the associations of TNMD sequence variation with lipid abnormalities characteristic to metabolic syndrome. The association with T2DM risk was not replicated, but significant associations were found with serum low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in a body mass index-dependent manner. These associations were also observed in the men of DPS, whereas in women these associations were not significant. These results from two independent study populations suggest that the genetic variation in TNMD could modulate cholesterol metabolism in obese men.
Collapse
|
31
|
Williams PT. Changes in body weight and waist circumference affect incident hypercholesterolemia during 7 years of follow-up. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2163-8. [PMID: 19186337 PMCID: PMC3758231 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether changes in total and regional adiposity affect the odds for becoming hypercholesterolemic. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Changes in BMI and waist circumference were compared to self-reported physician-diagnosed hypercholesterolemia in 24,397 men and 10,023 women followed prospectively in the National Runners' Health Study. RESULTS Incident hypercholesterolemia were reported by 3,054 men and 519 women during (mean +/- s.d.) 7.8 +/- 1.8 and 7.5 +/- 2.0 years of follow-up, respectively. Despite being active, men's BMI increased by 1.15 +/- 1.71 kg/m2 and women's BMI increased by 0.96 +/- 1.89 kg/m2. The odds for developing hypercholesterolemia increased significantly in association with gains in BMI and waist circumferences in both sexes. A gain in BMI > or = 2.4 kg/m2 significantly (P < 0.0001) increased the odds for hypercholesterolemia by 94% in men and 129% in women compared to those whose BMI declined (40 and 76%, respectively, adjusted for average of the baseline and follow-up BMI, P < 0.0001). A gain of > or = 6 cm in waist circumference increased men's odds for hypercholesterolemia by 74% (P < 0.0001) and women's odds by 70% (P < 0.0001) relative to those whose circumference declined (odds increased 40% at P < 0.0001 and 49% at P < 0.01, respectively adjusted for average circumference). BMI and waist circumference at the end of follow-up were significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with the log odds for hypercholesterolemia in both men (e.g., coefficient +/- s.e.: 0.115 +/- 0.011 per kg/m2) and women (e.g., 0.119 +/- 0.019 per kg/m2) when adjusted for baseline values, whereas baseline BMI and circumferences were unrelated to the log odds when adjusted for follow-up values. DISCUSSION These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that weight gain acutely increases the risk for hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Donner Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The relation of leptin and insulin with obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors in US adults. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
Underuse of antihypertensive therapies in at-risk populations. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-008-0036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Pang W, Sun Z, Zheng L, Li J, Zhang X, Liu S, Xu C, Li J, Hu D, Sun Y. Body mass index and the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in a Chinese rural population. Intern Med 2008; 47:893-7. [PMID: 18480572 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the status of overweight and obesity in a Chinese rural adult population and describe relationships between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure according to JNC-7. METHODS The study was conducted in 2004-2006, used a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample. A total of 45,925 adults, age 35 years or older, were examined. Height, weight and blood pressure were obtained by trained doctors. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization classification and Chinese definition. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 16.3% and 1.3% in males, and 24.4% and 2.7% in females (p for gender differences <0.05) according to the World Health Organization classification; The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 29.5% and 5.3% according to the Chinese definition.The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (prehypertension and hypertension) and mean levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased as BMI increased. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that overweight and obesity were risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension whether in males or females. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity has become very prevalent in the Chinese rural adult population. It is a great health problem. Our study quantifies the strong associations of BMI and elevated blood pressure. It is time to pay more attention to overweight and obese in the county of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Pang
- Division of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Z, Hong K, Wong E, Maxwell M, Heber D. Weight cycling in a very low-calorie diet programme has no effect on weight loss velocity, blood pressure and serum lipid profile. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9:379-85. [PMID: 17391166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many dieters lose and regain weight many times. It is unclear whether weight cycling is associated with adverse metabolic alterations or becomes more difficult with each attempt. METHODS From 1988 to 2000, 2474 obese patients enrolled in our outpatient weight loss programme using a very low-calorie diet. Caloric intake consisted of meal replacement supplying 700-800 cal/day. RESULTS Our search distinguished 480 patients who had restarted the weight reduction programme at least once and up to four times (restarts). All subjects remained on the programme for 2 weeks or more each time. Mean initial weight loss was 21.3 kg for women and 28.8 kg for men. Rate of weight loss on first restart was not different from initial weight loss for women [1.6 vs. 1.4 kg/week; not significant (NS)] or for men (2.2 vs. 2.1 kg/week; NS). Of the 480 patients, 85 women and 51 men entered the programme three times. Rate of weight loss was similar for all three entries (1.4, 1.6 and 2.1 kg/week for first, second and third entry in women, NS; 2.1, 2.1 and 2 kg/week for men, NS). Only 20 women and 18 men entered the programme four times. The rate of weight loss was again similar for both men (NS) and women (NS) during each re-entry. Cardiovascular risk factors including lipid profile and blood pressure were not adversely affected by weight cycling. In fact, lipid levels were lower at each restart. CONCLUSIONS The present study refutes the hypothesis that repeated dieting makes further dieting efforts more difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Martens FMAC, Visseren FLJ. The operative risk factors in the metabolic syndrome: is it lipids and high BP or are there direct vascular effects of insulin resistance and obesity. Curr Diab Rep 2007; 7:74-81. [PMID: 17254521 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-007-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increase in patients with central obesity and insulin resistance is an important cause for the worldwide increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. Several risk factors such as glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, but also endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, have been found to cluster and often precede type 2 diabetes mellitus. Seeing the importance of early identification, the US National Cholesterol Education Program created a readily applicable definition of the metabolic syndrome for daily clinical practice. It is assumed that the cardiovascular risk for patients belonging to the metabolic syndrome can just be calculated out of the sum of the separate cardiovascular risk factors dyslipidemia and hypertension. However, there are also data pointing toward a higher risk than expected from these separate cardiovascular risk factors because of possible direct vascular effects of insulin resistance and obesity. Awareness of the underlying disorders of insulin resistance and its associated (non-) traditional risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation is important for understanding the pathophysiology and thus coherent treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice M A C Martens
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, PO Box 2500, 3430 EM, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Coronary Risk Factors: An Overview. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
38
|
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a major nutritional disorder in the U.S. and in many parts of the industrialized world. The physiology of the obese and their propensity for chronic disease has been of growing interest over the past few years, and an extensive literature has begun to accumulate. Obesity is a heterogeneous disorder. When viewed in the broadest sense, it has been considered a disorder of energy balance. The development of obesity in humans is of complex etiology, involving genetic and environmental components that affect regulatory and metabolic events. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in a population depends on the particular reference or standard of desirable weight selected for use. A trend toward increasing height and weight has been evident among adults for several centuries, and among children as early as the 7th year of life in developed countries. Overweight persons are at increased risk for coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The degree of overweight that carries additional risk without affecting mortality needs to be defined. Overweight most likely contributes in varying degrees to morbidity in different societies, because the risk for most common chronic diseases is multifactorial. In defining overweight and obesity, morbidity, in addition to mortality, ought to be taken into consideration. The multidisciplinary approach to the study of obesity--borrowing concepts and techniques from endocrinology, neurobiology, genetics, and nutrition--should yield new insights into how environmental factors such as diet and physical expenditure interact to influence energy metabolism and body composition.
Collapse
|
39
|
Effect of Meal Pattern on Lipogenesis and Lipogenic Enzyme Activity in Rat Adipose Tissue Fed High Fat Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Abstract
For the first time in human history, the numbers of overweight and underweight individuals are about the same, at 2.1 billion each. Along with the current worldwide obesity epidemic is the explosion of obesity- and overweight-related health problems, including diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, musculoskeletal disorders,cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and certain forms of cancer. Obesity and overweight account for a significant percentage of overall health care costs and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in the United States and around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 12-105 Center for Health Sciences, Box 957035, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7035, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fagiolini A, Frank E, Scott JA, Turkin S, Kupfer DJ. Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7:424-30. [PMID: 16176435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the presence of the metabolic syndrome in a group of 171 patients with bipolar disorder who were consecutively recruited in the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians. METHODS Data were collected from participants entering the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians protocol between 2003 and 2004. The study focused on the presence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP ATP III). RESULTS Thirty percent of the sample met the NCEP ATP III criterion for the metabolic syndrome, 49% met the criterion for abdominal obesity, 41% met the criterion for hypertriglyceridemia, 48% met the criterion for hypertriglyceridemia or were on a cholesterol-lowering medication, 23% met the criterion for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 39% met the criterion for hypertension and 8% met the criterion for high fasting glucose or antidiabetic medication use. Patients with the metabolic syndrome and patients endorsing the obesity criterion were more likely (p = 0.05 and p = 0.004, respectively) to report a lifetime history of suicide attempt/s. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder is alarmingly high, as it is for the general population. The prevalence of obesity is even higher than the already very high prevalence that has been estimated for the US general population. Our findings are a reason for concern, considering the difficulty in implementing prevention and treatment programs in the bipolar population. We strongly support the development and testing of interventions specifically designed for preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
González-Benítez M, Fernández-Sánchez M, Fernández-Parrilla R, Beltrán Robles M, Ramos Guerrero A, Jarast Olivari D, Olmedo Llanes J, Grilo Reina A. Hipertensión arterial refractaria verdadera. Estudio de prevalencia en una consulta hospitalaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0212-8241(05)71562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
Sørensen TI, Rissanen A, Korkeila M, Kaprio J. Intention to lose weight, weight changes, and 18-y mortality in overweight individuals without co-morbidities. PLoS Med 2005; 2:e171. [PMID: 15971946 PMCID: PMC1160579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss in the obese improves risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, several studies have shown inconsistent long-term effects of weight loss on mortality. We investigated the influence on mortality of intention to lose weight and subsequent weight changes among overweight individuals without known co-morbidities. METHODS AND FINDINGS In 1975, a cohort of individuals reported height, weight, and current attempts (defined as "intention") to lose weight, and in 1981, they reported current weight. Mortality of the 2,957 participants with body mass index > or = 25 kg/m2 in 1975 and without pre-existing or current diseases was followed from 1982 through 1999, and 268 participants died. The association of intention to lose weight in 1975 and actual weight change until 1981 with mortality was analysed while controlling for behavioural and psychosocial risk factors and hypertension as possible confounders. Compared with the group not intending to lose and able to maintain stable weight, the hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) in the group intending to lose weight were 0.84 (0.49-1.48) for those with stable weight, 1.86 (1.22-2.87) for those losing weight, and 0.93 (0.55-1.56) for those gaining weight. In the group not intending to lose weight, hazard ratios were 1.17 (0.82-1.66) for those who did lose weight, and 1.57 (1.08-2.30) for those gaining weight. CONCLUSION Deliberate weight loss in overweight individuals without known co-morbidities may be hazardous in the long term. The health effects of weight loss are complex, possibly composed of oppositely acting processes, and need more research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorkild I.A Sørensen
- 1Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Institute of Preventive MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Aila Rissanen
- 2Obesity Research Unit, Helsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- 3Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- 4Department of Mental Health, National Public Health InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are global health problems which are increasing throughout the industrialised world. If left unchecked, they will continue to contribute to the ever increasing noncommunicable disease burden. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of psychological interventions for overweight or obesity as a means of achieving sustained weight loss. SEARCH STRATEGY Studies were obtained from searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases. The date of the latest search was June 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials were included if the fulfilled the following criteria: 1) they were randomised controlled clinical trials of a psychological intervention versus a comparison intervention, 2) one of the outcome measures of the study was weight change measured by any method, 3) participants were followed for at least three months, 4) the study participants were adults (18 years or older) who were overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) at baseline. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two people independently applied the inclusion criteria to the studies identified and assessed study quality. Disagreement was resolved by discussion or by intervention of a third party. Meta-analyses were performed using a fixed effect model. MAIN RESULTS A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, 3495 participants were evaluated. The majority of studies assessed behavioural and cognitive-behavioural weight reduction strategies. Cognitive therapy, psychotherapy, relaxation therapy and hypnotherapy were assessed in a small number of studies. Behaviour therapy was found to result in significantly greater weight reductions than placebo when assessed as a stand-alone weight loss strategy (WMD -2.5 kg; 95% CI -1.7 to -3.3). When behaviour therapy was combined with a diet / exercise approach and compared with diet / exercise alone, the combined intervention resulted in a greater weight reduction. Studies were heterogeneous however the majority of studies favoured combining behaviour therapy with dietary and exercise interventions to improve weight loss. Increasing the intensity of the behavioural intervention significantly increased the weight reduction (WMD -2.3 kg; 95% CI -1.4 to - 3.3). Cognitive-behaviour therapy, when combined with a diet / exercise intervention, was found to increase weight loss compared with diet / exercise alone (WMD -4.9 kg; 95% CI -7.3 to - 2.4). No data on mortality, morbidity or quality of life were found. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS People who are overweight or obese benefit from psychological interventions, particularly behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies, to enhance weight reduction. They are predominantly useful when combined with dietary and exercise strategies. The bulk of the evidence supports the use of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies. Other psychological interventions are less rigorously evaluated for their efficacy as weight loss treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shaw
- Public and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Unit, 3 / 90 Davey Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7000.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
González-Benítez M, Fernández-Sánchez M, Fernández-Parrilla R, Beltrán Robles M, Ramos Guerrero A, Jarast Olivari D, Olmedo Llanes J, Grilo Reina A. Hipertensión arterial refractaria verdadera. Estudio de prevalencia en una consulta hospitalaria. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1889-1837(05)71849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Calhoun DA. Resistant Hypertension. Hypertension 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-0258-5.50149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome affects almost a quarter of the adult American population and its incidence is rising in the rest of the world. Its treatment involves both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. In this review the authors focus on foods with potential benefits for this disease. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of diabetes, and thus cardiovascular disease. In recent years, many scientific studies have evaluated the role of different foods and diets in the treatment of the components of metabolic syndrome, especially atherogenic dyslipidemia. SUMMARY It is imperative to identify strategies that favorably impact this deadly syndrome. Here the authors review how different nutrients in food can modify metabolic syndrome, potentially altering its natural history, and related consequences. Although there is no "all-inclusive" diet yet, it seems plausible that a Mediterranean-style diet exhibits most of the desired attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wady Aude
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Indications, choices of therapy, and goals of treatment for hypertension should be closely linked to the multivariate risk of cardiovascular events and ingredients of the vascular risk profile of patients with hypertension. Hypertension commonly occurs in combination with other cardiovascular disease risk factors, and the burden of the associated risk factors greatly affects the impact of elevated blood pressure and usually requires choices of specific antihypertensive agents shown to be particularly efficacious in the context of the associated risk factors or vascular conditions present. Guidelines assign highest priority to rigorous control of the blood pressure. Risk associated with hypertension has been shown to be incremental, with the level of blood pressure extending down to what was formerly considered the high-normal blood pressure range. In this "prehypertensive" state, drug treatment is justified only if the multivariate risk is substantial or there is target-organ damage. Most individuals with the metabolic syndrome, a condition commonly associated with hypertension, and singled out as an important consideration for treatment, are usually identified by the Framingham multivariate risk formulation. They require weight control and exercise, as well as specific choices of antihypertensive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B Kannel
- Boston University School of Medicine, 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Washio M, Hayashi R. Past history of obesity (overweight by WHO criteria) is associated with an increased risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study in Japan. Circ J 2004; 68:41-6. [PMID: 14695464 DOI: 10.1253/circj.68.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an important risk factor for the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Western countries and furthermore, it often coexists with other CAD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. However, it is uncertain whether obesity is a CAD risk factor in Japan because Japanese are relatively thin on average. METHODS AND RESULTS The CAD risk associated with obesity (body mass index > or =25.0) 10 years before as well as at the time of the survey was assessed in a case - control study of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which compared 660 AMI patients aged 40-79 years and 1,277 community controls, matched to each case by sex, year of birth, and residence. The prevalence of current obesity did not show any material difference between cases and controls, but compared with controls, past obesity was much more frequent in cases. Even after controlling for other CAD risk factors, past obesity was associated with a 2-fold increase in the risk of AMI. Past obesity was associated with an increased risk of AMI even without current obesity. CONCLUSION Past obesity is a CAD risk, even after weight reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Washio
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sari R, Balci MK, Cakir M, Altunbas H, Karayalcin U. Comparison of efficacy of sibutramine or orlistat versus their combination in obese women. Endocr Res 2004; 30:159-67. [PMID: 15473126 DOI: 10.1081/erc-200027356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sibutramine and orlistat are currently used for weight loss. We aimed to investigate the effect of orlistat and sibutramine combination therapy in treatment of obese women. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN Study population consisted of 89 obese women who had a body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2, were normotensive, and had normal glucose tolerance. All patients were placed on a diet which contained fat approximately 30% of total calorie intake and the diet was designed to cause an energy deficit of approximately 2.51-3.56 megajoule/day. At the first month of diet (baseline), all patients were randomly divided into three therapy groups: Diet + Orlistat (group 1; n = 30 patients), Diet + Sibutramine (group 2; n = 29 patients), Diet + Orlistat + Sibutramine (group 3; n = 30 patients). Body weight, body fat distribution and serum lipid levels were evaluated baseline and after six months in all subjects. RESULTS Mean weight loss was 5.5 +/- 4.9 kg (p = 0.024) in group 1, 10.1 +/- 3.6 kg (p < 0.001) in group 2, 10.8 +/- 6.6 kg (p < 0.001) in group 3 after the six months. Weight loss was significantly greater in group 2 (p = 0.003) and group 3 (p = 0.002) when compared with group 1. Percentage of mean weight loss was 5.5 +/- 3.1% in group 1, 10.2 +/- 4.8% in group 2, 10.6 +/- 5.7% in group 3. Percentage of weight loss was higher in group 2 (p = 0.01) and group 3 (p = 0.009) when compared with group 1. Weight loss and percentage of weight loss were not different between group 2 and group 3. CONCLUSION These three regimens had different results on weight loss in obese women. Combination drug therapy and sibutramine therapy were both more effective than orlistat therapy alone. However, no significant difference was noted between combination drug therapy and sibutramine treatment groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Sari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|