1
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Ludwig V, da Costa Ludwig ZM, Modesto MDA, Rocha AA. Binding energies and hydrogen bonds effects on DNA-cisplatin interactions: a DFT-xTB study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:187. [PMID: 38801468 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT A systematic study of hydrogen bonds in base pairs and the interaction of cisplatin with DNA fragments was carried out. Structure, binding energies, and electron density were analyzed. xTB has proven to be an accurate method for obtaining structures and binding energies in DNA structures. Our xTB values for DNA base binding energy were in the same order and in some cases better than CAM-B3LYP values compared to experimental values. Double-stranded DNA-cisplatin structures have been calculated and the hydrogen bonds of water molecules are a decisive factor contributing to the preference for the cisplatin-Guanine interaction. Higher values of the water hydrogen bonding energies were obtained in cisplatin-Guanine structures. Furthermore, the electrostatic potential was used to investigate and improve the analysis of DNA-cisplatin structures. METHODS We applied the xTB method and the CAM-B3LYP functional combined with def2-SVP basis set to perform and analyze of the bonding energies of the cisplatin interaction and the effects of the hydrogen bonds. Results were calculated employing the xTB and the ORCA software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemir Ludwig
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CP 36036-330, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Zélia Maria da Costa Ludwig
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CP 36036-330, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marlon de Assis Modesto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CP 36036-330, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Arthur Augusto Rocha
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CP 36036-330, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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2
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Banna HA, Das NK, Ojha M, Koirala D. Advances in chaperone-assisted RNA crystallography using synthetic antibodies. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 4:100101. [PMID: 37655005 PMCID: PMC10466895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA molecules play essential roles in many biological functions, from gene expression regulation, cellular growth, and metabolism to catalysis. They frequently fold into three-dimensional structures to perform their functions. Therefore, determining RNA structure represents a key step for understanding the structure-function relationships and developing RNA-targeted therapeutics. X-ray crystallography remains a method of choice for determining high-resolution RNA structures, but it has been challenging due to difficulties associated with RNA crystallization and phasing. Several natural and synthetic RNA binding proteins have been used to facilitate RNA crystallography. Having unique properties to help crystal packing and phasing, synthetic antibody fragments, specifically the Fabs, have emerged as promising RNA crystallization chaperones, and so far, over a dozen of RNA structures have been solved using this strategy. Nevertheless, multiple steps in this approach need to be improved, including the recombinant expression of these anti-RNA Fabs, to warrant the full potential of these synthetic Fabs as RNA crystallization chaperones. This review highlights the nuts and bolts and recent advances in the chaperone-assisted RNA crystallography approach, specifically emphasizing the Fab antibody fragments as RNA crystallization chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Naba Krishna Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Manju Ojha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Deepak Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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3
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Li Z, Song W, Zhu Y, Yan L, Zhong X, Zhang M, Li H. The Full Cytosine-Cytosine Base Paring: Self-Assembly and Crystal Structure. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203979. [PMID: 36757279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of self-assembly systems that can mimic partial biological behaviours require ingenious and delicate design. For decades, scientists are committed to exploring new base pairing patterns using hydrogen bonds directed self-assembly of nucleotides. A fundamental question is the adaptive circumstance of the recognition between base pairs, namely, how solvent conditions affect the domain of base pairs. Towards this question, three nucleotide complexes based on 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate (dCMP) and cytidine-5'-monophosphate (CMP) were synthesized in different solvents and pH values, and an unusual cytosine-cytosine base paring pattern (named full C : C base pairing) has been successfully obtained. Systematic single crystal analysis and 1 H NMR titration spectra have been performed to explore factors influencing the formation of base paring patterns. Moreover, supramolecular chirality of three complexes were studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in solution and solid-state combined with crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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4
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Egli M, Zhang S. Ned Seeman and the prediction of amino acid-basepair motifs mediating protein-nucleic acid recognition. Biophys J 2022; 121:4777-4787. [PMID: 35711143 PMCID: PMC9808504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty years ago, the first atomic-resolution structure of a nucleic acid double helix, the mini-duplex (ApU)2, revealed details of basepair geometry, stacking, sugar conformation, and backbone torsion angles, thereby superseding earlier models based on x-ray fiber diffraction, including the original DNA double helix proposed by Watson and Crick. Just 3 years later, in 1976, Ned Seeman, John Rosenberg, and Alex Rich leapt from their structures of mini-duplexes and H-bonding motifs between bases in small-molecule structures and transfer RNA to predicting how proteins could sequence specifically recognize double helix nucleic acids. They proposed interactions between amino acid side chains and nucleobases mediated by two hydrogen bonds in the major or minor grooves. One of these, the arginine-guanine pair, emerged as the most favored amino acid-base interaction in experimental structures of protein-nucleic acid complexes determined since 1986. In this brief review we revisit the pioneering work by Seeman et al. and discuss the importance of the arginine-guanine pairing motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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5
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Olson WK, Li Y, Fenley MO. Insights into DNA solvation found in protein-DNA structures. Biophys J 2022; 121:4749-4758. [PMID: 36380591 PMCID: PMC9808563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins that bind double-helical DNA present various microenvironments that sense and/or induce signals in the genetic material. The high-resolution structures of protein-DNA complexes reveal the nature of both the microenvironments and the conformational responses in DNA and protein. Complex networks of interactions within the structures somehow tie the protein and DNA together and induce the observed spatial forms. Here we show how the cumulative buildup of amino acid atoms around the sugars, phosphates, and bases in different protein-DNA complexes produces a binding cloud around the double helix and how different types of atoms fill that cloud. Rather than focusing on the principles of molecular binding and recognition suggested by the arrangements of amino acids and nucleotides in the macromolecular complexes, we consider the proteins in contact with DNA as organized solvents. We describe differences in the mix of atoms that come in closest contact with DNA, subtle sequence-dependent features in the microenvironment of the sugar-phosphate backbone, a direct link between the localized buildup of ionic species and the electrostatic potential surfaces of the DNA bases, and sites of atomic buildup above and below the basepair planes that transmit the unique features of the base environments along the chain backbone. The inferences about solvation that can be drawn from the survey provide new stimuli for improvement of nucleic acid force fields and fresh ideas for exploration of the properties of DNA in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma K Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Marcia O Fenley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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6
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Berman HM, DeTitta G. Crystallographic legacy of Ned Seeman. Biophys J 2022; 121:4766-4769. [PMID: 35787471 PMCID: PMC9808496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We trace the career path of Nadrian Seeman, the inventor of DNA nanotechnology. The influence of his early training in crystallography and how this led to his success in creating self-assembled crystals are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Berman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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7
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The Importance of Charge Transfer and Solvent Screening in the Interactions of Backbones and Functional Groups in Amino Acid Residues and Nucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113514. [PMID: 36362296 PMCID: PMC9654426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum mechanical (QM) calculations at the level of density-functional tight-binding are applied to a protein–DNA complex (PDB: 2o8b) consisting of 3763 atoms, averaging 100 snapshots from molecular dynamics simulations. A detailed comparison of QM and force field (Amber) results is presented. It is shown that, when solvent screening is taken into account, the contributions of the backbones are small, and the binding of nucleotides in the double helix is governed by the base–base interactions. On the other hand, the backbones can make a substantial contribution to the binding of amino acid residues to nucleotides and other residues. The effect of charge transfer on the interactions is also analyzed, revealing that the actual charge of nucleotides and amino acid residues can differ by as much as 6 and 8% from the formal integer charge, respectively. The effect of interactions on topological models (protein -residue networks) is elucidated.
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8
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Merleau NSC, Smerlak M. aRNAque: an evolutionary algorithm for inverse pseudoknotted RNA folding inspired by Lévy flights. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:335. [PMID: 35964008 PMCID: PMC9375295 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We study in this work the inverse folding problem for RNA, which is the discovery of sequences that fold into given target secondary structures. RESULTS We implement a Lévy mutation scheme in an updated version of aRNAque an evolutionary inverse folding algorithm and apply it to the design of RNAs with and without pseudoknots. We find that the Lévy mutation scheme increases the diversity of designed RNA sequences and reduces the average number of evaluations of the evolutionary algorithm. Compared to antaRNA, aRNAque CPU time is higher but more successful in finding designed sequences that fold correctly into the target structures. CONCLUSION We propose that a Lévy flight offers a better standard mutation scheme for optimizing RNA design. Our new version of aRNAque is available on GitHub as a python script and the benchmark results show improved performance on both Pseudobase++ and the Eterna100 datasets, compared to existing inverse folding tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nono S C Merleau
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstrasse 22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matteo Smerlak
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstrasse 22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Developing Community Resources for Nucleic Acid Structures. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040540. [PMID: 35455031 PMCID: PMC9031032 DOI: 10.3390/life12040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the creation of the Nucleic Acid Database (NDB) at Rutgers University and how it became a testbed for the current infrastructure of the RCSB Protein Data Bank. We describe some of the special features of the NDB and how it has been used to enable research. Plans for the next phase as the Nucleic Acid Knowledgebase (NAKB) are summarized.
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10
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Beyond the double helix: DNA structural diversity and the PDB. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100553. [PMID: 33744292 PMCID: PMC8063756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953 remains the landmark event in the development of modern biological and biomedical science. This structure has also been the starting point for the determination of some 2000 DNA crystal structures in the subsequent 68 years. Their structural diversity has extended to the demonstration of sequence-dependent local structure in duplex DNA, to DNA bending in short and long sequences and in the DNA wound round the nucleosome, and to left-handed duplex DNAs. Beyond the double helix itself, in circumstances where DNA sequences are or can be induced to unwind from being duplex, a wide variety of topologies and forms can exist. Quadruplex structures, based on four-stranded cores of stacked G-quartets, are prevalent though not randomly distributed in the human and other genomes and can play roles in transcription, translation, and replication. Yet more complex folds can result in DNAs with extended tertiary structures and enzymatic/catalytic activity. The Protein Data Bank is the depository of all these structures, and the resource where structures can be critically examined and validated, as well as compared one with another to facilitate analysis of conformational and base morphology features. This review will briefly survey the major structural classes of DNAs and illustrate their significance, together with some examples of how the use of the Protein Data Bank by for example, data mining, has illuminated DNA structural concepts.
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11
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Vennelakanti V, Qi HW, Mehmood R, Kulik HJ. When are two hydrogen bonds better than one? Accurate first-principles models explain the balance of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors found in proteins. Chem Sci 2021; 12:1147-1162. [PMID: 35382134 PMCID: PMC8908278 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds (HBs) play an essential role in the structure and catalytic action of enzymes, but a complete understanding of HBs in proteins challenges the resolution of modern structural (i.e., X-ray diffraction) techniques and mandates computationally demanding electronic structure methods from correlated wavefunction theory for predictive accuracy. Numerous amino acid sidechains contain functional groups (e.g., hydroxyls in Ser/Thr or Tyr and amides in Asn/Gln) that can act as either HB acceptors or donors (HBA/HBD) and even form simultaneous, ambifunctional HB interactions. To understand the relative energetic benefit of each interaction, we characterize the potential energy surfaces of representative model systems with accurate coupled cluster theory calculations. To reveal the relationship of these energetics to the balance of these interactions in proteins, we curate a set of 4000 HBs, of which >500 are ambifunctional HBs, in high-resolution protein structures. We show that our model systems accurately predict the favored HB structural properties. Differences are apparent in HBA/HBD preference for aromatic Tyr versus aliphatic Ser/Thr hydroxyls because Tyr forms significantly stronger O–H⋯O HBs than N–H⋯O HBs in contrast to comparable strengths of the two for Ser/Thr. Despite this residue-specific distinction, all models of residue pairs indicate an energetic benefit for simultaneous HBA and HBD interactions in an ambifunctional HB. Although the stabilization is less than the additive maximum due both to geometric constraints and many-body electronic effects, a wide range of ambifunctional HB geometries are more favorable than any single HB interaction. Correlated wavefunction theory predicts and high-resolution crystal structure analysis confirms the important, stabilizing effect of simultaneous hydrogen bond donor and acceptor interactions in proteins.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Helena W. Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Rimsha Mehmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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12
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Cuyacot BJR, Durník I, Foroutan-Nejad C, Marek R. Anatomy of Base Pairing in DNA by Interacting Quantum Atoms. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:211-222. [PMID: 33112145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of purine and pyrimidine base pairs (BPs), which contributes to shaping of the canonical and noncanonical 3D structures of nucleic acids, is one the most investigated phenomena in chemistry and life sciences. In this contribution, the anatomy of the bond energy (BDE) of the base-pairing interaction in 39 different arrangements found experimentally or predicted for DNA structures containing the four common nucleobases (A, C, G, T) in their neutral or protonated forms is described in light of the theory of interacting quantum atoms within the context of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The interplay of individual energy components involved in the three stages of the bond formation process (structural deformation, electron-density promotion, and intermolecular interaction) is studied. We recognized that for the neutral BPs, variations in the kinetic and electrostatic contributions to the BDE are rather negligible, leaving the exchange-correlation energy as the main stabilizing component. It is shown that the contribution of the exchange-correlation term can be recovered by including atoms that are formally assumed to be hydrogen bonded (primary interaction). In contrast, to recover the electrostatic component of interaction, one must consider both the primary and secondary (formally nonbonded atoms) interatomic interactions. The results of our study were employed to design new types of BPs with altered bonding anatomy. We demonstrate that improving the electrostatic characteristics of the BPs does not necessarily result in greater interaction energies if weak secondary hydrogen bonding is destroyed. However, the main tuning factor for systems with conserved interacting faces (primary interactions) is the electrostatic component of the interaction energy resulting from the secondary atom-atom electrostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Joseph R Cuyacot
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivo Durník
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia.,National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia.,National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
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13
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Triple nitrogen-vacancy centre fabrication by C 5N 4H n ion implantation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2664. [PMID: 31197143 PMCID: PMC6565727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum information processing requires quantum registers based on coherently interacting quantum bits. The dipolar couplings between nitrogen vacancy (NV) centres with nanometre separation makes them a potential platform for room-temperature quantum registers. The fabrication of quantum registers that consist of NV centre arrays has not advanced beyond NV pairs for several years. Further scaling up of coupled NV centres by using nitrogen implantation through nanoholes has been hampered because the shortening of the separation distance is limited by the nanohole size and ion straggling. Here, we demonstrate the implantation of C5N4Hn from an adenine ion source to achieve further scaling. Because the C5N4Hn ion may be regarded as an ideal point source, the separation distance is solely determined by straggling. We successfully demonstrate the fabrication of strongly coupled triple NV centres. Our method may be extended to fabricate small quantum registers that can perform quantum information processing at room temperature.
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14
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Wamhoff EC, Banal JL, Bricker WP, Shepherd TR, Parsons MF, Veneziano R, Stone MB, Jun H, Wang X, Bathe M. Programming Structured DNA Assemblies to Probe Biophysical Processes. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:395-419. [PMID: 31084582 PMCID: PMC7035826 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural DNA nanotechnology is beginning to emerge as a widely accessible research tool to mechanistically study diverse biophysical processes. Enabled by scaffolded DNA origami in which a long single strand of DNA is weaved throughout an entire target nucleic acid assembly to ensure its proper folding, assemblies of nearly any geometric shape can now be programmed in a fully automatic manner to interface with biology on the 1-100-nm scale. Here, we review the major design and synthesis principles that have enabled the fabrication of a specific subclass of scaffolded DNA origami objects called wireframe assemblies. These objects offer unprecedented control over the nanoscale organization of biomolecules, including biomolecular copy numbers, presentation on convex or concave geometries, and internal versus external functionalization, in addition to stability in physiological buffer. To highlight the power and versatility of this synthetic structural biology approach to probing molecular and cellular biophysics, we feature its application to three leading areas of investigation: light harvesting and nanoscale energy transport, RNA structural biology, and immune receptor signaling, with an outlook toward unique mechanistic insight that may be gained in these areas in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - James L Banal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - William P Bricker
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Tyson R Shepherd
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Molly F Parsons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Rémi Veneziano
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Matthew B Stone
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Hyungmin Jun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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15
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Nucleobase pairing and photodimerization in a biologically derived metal-organic framework nanoreactor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1612. [PMID: 30962436 PMCID: PMC6453978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically derived metal-organic frameworks (bio-MOFs) are of great importance as they can be used as models for bio-mimicking and in catalysis, allowing us to gain insights into how large biological molecules function. Through rational design, here we report the synthesis of a novel bio-MOF featuring unobstructed Watson-Crick faces of adenine (Ade) pointing towards the MOF cavities. We show, through a combined experimental and computational approach, that thymine (Thy) molecules diffuse through the pores of the MOF and become base-paired with Ade. The Ade-Thy pair binding at 40–45% loading reveals that Thy molecules are packed within the channels in a way that fulfill both the Woodward-Hoffmann and Schmidt rules, and upon UV irradiation, Thy molecules dimerize into Thy<>Thy. This study highlights the utility of accessible functional groups within the pores of MOFs, and their ability to ‘lock’ molecules in specific positions that can be subsequently dimerized upon light irradiation, extending the use of MOFs as nanoreactors for the synthesis of molecules that are otherwise challenging to isolate. Metal-organic frameworks have shown promise as nanoreactors, facilitating the synthesis of molecules that are otherwise difficult to isolate. Here, the authors design a framework featuring unobstructed adenine linkers to which thymine molecules can base-pair, allowing for thymine dimerization in the pores upon UV irradiation.
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16
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Cruz-León S, Vázquez-Mayagoitia A, Melchionna S, Schwierz N, Fyta M. Coarse-Grained Double-Stranded RNA Model from Quantum-Mechanical Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7915-7928. [PMID: 30044622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A coarse-grained model for simulating structural properties of double-stranded RNA is developed with parameters obtained from quantum-mechanical calculations. This model follows previous parametrization for double-stranded DNA, which is based on mapping the all-atom picture to a coarse-grained four-bead scheme. Chemical and structural differences between RNA and DNA have been taken into account for the model development. The parametrization is based on simulations using density functional theory (DFT) on separate units of the RNA molecule without implementing experimental data. The total energy is decomposed into four terms of physical significance: hydrogen bonding interaction, stacking interactions, backbone interactions, and electrostatic interactions. The first three interactions are treated within DFT, whereas the last one is included within a mean field approximation. Our double-stranded RNA coarse-grained model predicts stable helical structures for RNA. Other characteristics, such as structural or mechanical properties are reproduced with a very good accuracy. The development of the coarse-grained model for RNA allows extending the spatial and temporal length scales accessed by computer simulations and being able to model RNA-related biophysical processes, as well as novel RNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cruz-León
- Institute for Computational Physics , Universität Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Theoretical Biophysics , Max Planck Institute of Biophysics , Max-von-Laue-Str. 3 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Alvaro Vázquez-Mayagoitia
- Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 240 , Argonne , Illinois , United States
| | - Simone Melchionna
- Dipartimento di Fisica, ISC-CNR, Istituto Sistemi Complessi , Università Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 2 , 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Nadine Schwierz
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics , Max Planck Institute of Biophysics , Max-von-Laue-Str. 3 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Maria Fyta
- Institute for Computational Physics , Universität Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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17
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Romero EE, Hernandez FE. Solvent effect on the intermolecular proton transfer of the Watson and Crick guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine base pairs: a polarizable continuum model study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1198-1209. [PMID: 29242886 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present our results on the study of the double proton transfer (DPT) mechanism in the adenine-thymine (AT) and guanine-cytosine (GC) base pairs, both in gas phase and in solution. The latter was modeled using the polarizable continuum method (PCM) in different solvents. According to our DFT calculations, the DPT may occur for both complexes in a stepwise mechanism in condensate phase. In gas phase only the GC base pair exhibits a concerted DPT mechanism. Using the Wigner's tunneling corrections to the transition state theory we demonstrate that such corrections are important for the prediction of the rate constants of both systems in gas and in condensate phase. We also show that (i) as the polarity of the medium decreases the equilibrium constant of the DPT reaction increases in both complexes, and (ii) that the equilibrium constant in the GC complex is four orders of magnitude larger than in AT. This observation suggests that the spontaneous mutations in DNA base pairs are more probable in GC than in AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P. O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, USA.
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18
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Garg A, Heinemann U. A novel form of RNA double helix based on G·U and C·A + wobble base pairing. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:209-218. [PMID: 29122970 PMCID: PMC5769748 DOI: 10.1261/rna.064048.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wobble base pairs are critical in various physiological functions and have been linked to local structural perturbations in double-helical structures of nucleic acids. We report a 1.38-Å resolution crystal structure of an antiparallel octadecamer RNA double helix in overall A conformation, which includes a unique, central stretch of six consecutive wobble base pairs (W helix) with two G·U and four rare C·A+ wobble pairs. Four adenines within the W helix are N1-protonated and wobble-base-paired with the opposing cytosine through two regular hydrogen bonds. Combined with the two G·U pairs, the C·A+ base pairs facilitate formation of a half turn of W-helical RNA flanked by six regular Watson-Crick base pairs in standard A conformation on either side. RNA melting experiments monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, UV and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that the RNA octadecamer undergoes a pH-induced structural transition which is consistent with the presence of a duplex with C·A+ base pairs at acidic pH. Our crystal structure provides a first glimpse of an RNA double helix based entirely on wobble base pairs with possible applications in RNA or DNA nanotechnology and pH biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Garg
- Crystallography, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Crystallography, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Electronic properties of DNA: Description of weak interactions in TATA-box-like chains. Biophys Chem 2017; 233:26-35. [PMID: 29287183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA is one of the most important biomolecules since it contains all the genetic information about an organism. The tridimensional structure of DNA is a determinant factor that influences the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which this molecule carries out its biological functions. It is believed that hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking are the most relevant non-covalent interactions regarding DNA stability. Due to its importance, several theoretical works have been made to describe these interactions, however, most of them often consider only the presence of two nitrogenous bases, having a limited overview of the participation of these in B-DNA stabilization. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the system, there are discrepancies between which involved interaction is more important in duplex stability. Therefore, in this project we describe these interactions considering the effect of chain length on the energy related to both hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking, using as model TATA-box-like chains with n base pairs (n=1 to 14) and taking into consideration two different models: ideal and optimized B-DNA. We have found that there is a cooperative effect on hydrogen bond and π-π stacking mean energies when the presence of other base pairs is considered. In addition, it was found that hydrogen bonds contribute more importantly than π-π stacking to B-DNA stability; nevertheless, the participation of π-π stacking is not negligible: when B-DNA looks for a conformation of lower energy, π-π stacking interaction are the first to be optimized. All work was realized under the framework of DFT using the DMol3 code (M06-L/DNP).
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20
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Bohr HG, Shim I, Stein C, Ørum H, Hansen HF, Koch T. Electronic Structures of LNA Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:428-441. [PMID: 28918042 PMCID: PMC5537454 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Important oligonucleotides in anti-sense research have been investigated in silico and experimentally. This involves quantum mechanical (QM) calculations and chromatography experiments on locked nucleic acid (LNA) phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides. iso-potential electrostatic surfaces are essential in this study and have been calculated from the wave functions derived from the QM calculations that provide binding information and other properties of these molecules. The QM calculations give details of the electronic structures in terms of e.g., energy and bonding, which make them distinguish or differentiate between the individual PS diastereoisomers determined by the position of sulfur atoms. Rules are derived from the electronic calculations of these molecules and include the effects of the phosphorothioate chirality and formation of electrostatic potential surfaces. Physical and electrochemical descriptors of the PS oligonucleotides are compared to the experiments in which chiral states on these molecules can be distinguished. The calculations demonstrate that electronic structure, electrostatic potential, and topology are highly sensitive to single PS configuration changes and can give a lead to understanding the activity of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik G Bohr
- Department of Chemistry, B-206-DTU, The Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Irene Shim
- Department of Chemistry, B-206-DTU, The Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cy Stein
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Henrik Ørum
- Anemonevej 4, Hareskov, 3500 Værløse, Denmark
| | - Henrik F Hansen
- Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Fremtidsvej 3, 2970, Denmark
| | - Troels Koch
- Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Fremtidsvej 3, 2970, Denmark
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21
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Leonarski F, D’Ascenzo L, Auffinger P. Binding of metals to purine N7 nitrogen atoms and implications for nucleic acids: A CSD survey. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Zhou H, Kimsey IJ, Nikolova EN, Sathyamoorthy B, Grazioli G, McSally J, Bai T, Wunderlich CH, Kreutz C, Andricioaei I, Al-Hashimi HM. m(1)A and m(1)G disrupt A-RNA structure through the intrinsic instability of Hoogsteen base pairs. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:803-10. [PMID: 27478929 PMCID: PMC5016226 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The B-DNA double helix can dynamically accommodate G-C and A-T base pairs in either Watson-Crick or Hoogsteen configurations. Here, we show that G-C(+) (in which + indicates protonation) and A-U Hoogsteen base pairs are strongly disfavored in A-RNA. As a result,N(1)-methyladenosine and N(1)-methylguanosine, which occur in DNA as a form of alkylation damage and in RNA as post-transcriptional modifications, have dramatically different consequences. Whereas they create G-C(+) and A-T Hoogsteen base pairs in duplex DNA, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the double helix, they block base-pairing and induce local duplex melting in RNA. These observations provide a mechanism for disrupting RNA structure through post-transcriptional modifications. The different propensities to form Hoogsteen base pairs in B-DNA and A-RNA may help cells meet the opposing requirements of maintaining genome stability, on the one hand, and of dynamically modulating the structure of the epitranscriptome, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Isaac J. Kimsey
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Evgenia N. Nikolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | | | - Gianmarc Grazioli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California USA
| | - James McSally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California USA
| | - Tianyu Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | | | - Christoph Kreutz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ioan Andricioaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California USA
| | - Hashim M. Al-Hashimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
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23
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Roethlisberger P, Istrate A, Marcaida Lopez MJ, Visini R, Stocker A, Reymond JL, Leumann CJ. X-ray structure of a lectin-bound DNA duplex containing an unnatural phenanthrenyl pair. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4749-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA duplexes containing unnatural base-pair surrogates are attractive biomolecular nanomaterials with potentially beneficial photophysical or electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Roethlisberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - A. Istrate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | | | - R. Visini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - A. Stocker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - J.-L. Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - C. J. Leumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
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24
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Preimesberger M, Majumdar A, Rice SL, Que L, Lecomte JTJ. Helix-Capping Histidines: Diversity of N-H···N Hydrogen Bond Strength Revealed by (2h)JNN Scalar Couplings. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6896-908. [PMID: 26523621 PMCID: PMC4660981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its well-known roles as an electrophile and general acid, the side chain of histidine often serves as a hydrogen bond (H-bond) acceptor. These H-bonds provide a convenient pH-dependent switch for local structure and functional motifs. In hundreds of instances, a histidine caps the N-terminus of α- and 310-helices by forming a backbone NH···Nδ1 H-bond. To characterize the resilience and dynamics of the histidine cap, we measured the trans H-bond scalar coupling constant, (2h)JNN, in several forms of Group 1 truncated hemoglobins and cytochrome b5. The set of 19 measured (2h)JNN values were between 4.0 and 5.4 Hz, generally smaller than in nucleic acids (~6-10 Hz) and indicative of longer, weaker bonds in the studied proteins. A positive linear correlation between (2h)JNN and the difference in imidazole ring (15)N chemical shift (Δ(15)N = |δ(15)Nδ1 - δ(15)Nε2|) was found to be consistent with variable H-bond length and variable cap population related to the ionization of histidine in the capping and noncapping states. The relative ease of (2h)JNN detection suggests that this parameter can become part of the standard arsenal for describing histidines in helix caps and other key structural and catalytic elements involving NH···N H-bonds. The combined nucleic acid and protein data extend the utility of (2h)JNN as a sensitive marker of local structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties in biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
R. Preimesberger
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ananya Majumdar
- Biomolecular
NMR Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Selena L. Rice
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lauren Que
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Juliette T. J. Lecomte
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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25
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Kumar PS, Mukherjee A, Hazra A. Theoretical Study of Structural Changes in DNA under High External Hydrostatic Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3348-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sudheer Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411
008, India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411
008, India
| | - Anirban Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411
008, India
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26
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Jaskolski M, Dauter Z, Wlodawer A. A brief history of macromolecular crystallography, illustrated by a family tree and its Nobel fruits. FEBS J 2014; 281:3985-4009. [PMID: 24698025 PMCID: PMC6309182 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a contribution to the celebration of the year 2014, declared by the United Nations to be 'The International Year of Crystallography', the FEBS Journal is dedicating this issue to papers showcasing the intimate union between macromolecular crystallography and structural biology, both in historical perspective and in current research. Instead of a formal editorial piece, by way of introduction, this review discusses the most important, often iconic, achievements of crystallographers that led to major advances in our understanding of the structure and function of biological macromolecules. We identified at least 42 scientists who received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry or Medicine for their contributions that included the use of X-rays or neutrons and crystallography, including 24 who made seminal discoveries in macromolecular sciences. Our spotlight is mostly, but not only, on the recipients of this most prestigious scientific honor, presented in approximately chronological order. As a summary of the review, we attempt to construct a genealogy tree of the principal lineages of protein crystallography, leading from the founding members to the present generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Jaskolski
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University and Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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27
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Zubatiuk TA, Shishkin OV, Gorb L, Hovorun DM, Leszczynski J. B-DNA characteristics are preserved in double stranded d(A)3·d(T)3 and d(G)3·d(C)3 mini-helixes: conclusions from DFT/M06-2X study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:18155-66. [PMID: 24065071 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of the first comprehensive DFT study on the d(A)3·d(T)3 and d(G)3·d(C)3 nucleic acid duplexes. The ability of mini-helixes to preserve the conformation of B-DNA in the gas phase and under the influence of such factors as: solvent, uncompensated charge, and counter-ions was evaluated using M06-2X functional with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The accuracy of the models was ascertained based on their ability to reproduce key structural features of natural B-DNA. Analysis of the helicity suggests that the helical conformations adopt geometrical parameters which are close to those of the B-DNA form. The torsion angles fall somewhere between the values observed for BI/BII conformational classes. The comparative analysis of parameters of isolated Watson-Crick base pairs versus B-DNA-like conformations indicates the same tendency of base-pair polarization and hydration. Specifically, effects of polarization of nucleobases in continuum type dielectric medium mimicking water are stronger than those caused by the presence of backbone. Polar environment as well as the presence of counterions stabilizes duplexes, facilitating helix formation. Substantial conformational changes of nucleotides upon duplex formation decrease the binding energy. In spite of structural and energetic changes, the placement of a mini-helix into the gas phase does not lead to significant disruption of the structure. On the contrary, the duplex preserves its helicity and the strands remain bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana A Zubatiuk
- Division of Functional Materials Chemistry, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Lenina Ave., Kharkiv, 61001, Ukraine
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28
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Aliakbar Tehrani Z, Jamshidi Z. Watson–Crick versus imidazopyridopyrimidine base pairs: theoretical study on differences in stability and hydrogen bonding strength. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Srinivasadesikan V, Sahu PK, Lee SL. Spectroscopic probe on N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and controversial C-H⋯O contact in A-T base pair: a DFT study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 120:542-547. [PMID: 24374481 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA base pair A-T has been investigated by IR and NMR spectroscopy using DFT methods. The results have been analyzed in terms of infrared vibrational frequencies and (1)H NMR chemical shifts. Different types of interactions N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O types have been investigated in DNA base pairs. Although, previous reports argued about the third C-H⋯O type interaction in A-T base pair, such typical interaction has been analyzed thoroughly by IR and NMR spectroscopy using DFT methods. Our results show that the CH⋯O interaction in the A-T base pair is a weak interaction compared to normal hydrogen bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabhat K Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur 761008, India
| | - Shyi-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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30
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Li X, Kazan H, Lipshitz HD, Morris QD. Finding the target sites of RNA-binding proteins. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2013; 5:111-30. [PMID: 24217996 PMCID: PMC4253089 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA–protein interactions differ from DNA–protein interactions because of the central role of RNA secondary structure. Some RNA-binding domains (RBDs) recognize their target sites mainly by their shape and geometry and others are sequence-specific but are sensitive to secondary structure context. A number of small- and large-scale experimental approaches have been developed to measure RNAs associated in vitro and in vivo with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Generalizing outside of the experimental conditions tested by these assays requires computational motif finding. Often RBP motif finding is done by adapting DNA motif finding methods; but modeling secondary structure context leads to better recovery of RBP-binding preferences. Genome-wide assessment of mRNA secondary structure has recently become possible, but these data must be combined with computational predictions of secondary structure before they add value in predicting in vivo binding. There are two main approaches to incorporating structural information into motif models: supplementing primary sequence motif models with preferred secondary structure contexts (e.g., MEMERIS and RNAcontext) and directly modeling secondary structure recognized by the RBP using stochastic context-free grammars (e.g., CMfinder and RNApromo). The former better reconstruct known binding preferences for sequence-specific RBPs but are not suitable for modeling RBPs that recognize shape and geometry of RNAs. Future work in RBP motif finding should incorporate interactions between multiple RBDs and multiple RBPs in binding to RNA. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:111–130. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1201
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Largy E, Liu W, Hasan A, Perrin DM. Base-pairing behavior of a carbocyclic Janus-AT nucleoside analogue capable of recognizing A and T within a DNA duplex. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2199-208. [PMID: 24115365 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Janus-type nucleosides are heterocycles with two faces, each of which is designed to complement the H-bonding interactions of natural nucleosides comprising a canonical Watson-Crick base pair. By intercepting all of the hydrogen bonds contained within the base pair, oligomeric Janus nucleosides are expected to achieve sequence-specific DNA recognition through the formation of J-loops that will be more stable than D-loops, which simply replaces one base-pair with another. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel Janus-AT nucleoside analogue, JAT , affixed on a carbocyclic analogue of deoxyribose that was converted to the corresponding phosphoramidite. A single JAT was successfully incorporated into a DNA strand by solid phase for targeting both A and T bases, and characterized through biophysical and computational methods. Experimental UV-melting and circular dichroism data demonstrated that within the context of a standard duplex, JAT associates preferentially with T over A, and much more poorly with C and G. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the JAT structure is well suited to associate only with A and T thereby highlighting the importance of the electronic structure in terms of H-bonding. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations validated the observation that JAT can substitute more effectively as an A-analogue than as a T-analogue without substantial distortion of the B-helix. Overall, this new Janus nucleotide is a promising tool for the targeting of A-T base pairs in DNA, and will lead to the development of oligo-Janus-nucleotide strands for sequence-specific DNA recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 (Canada)
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32
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Greve C, Preketes NK, Fidder H, Costard R, Koeppe B, Heisler IA, Mukamel S, Temps F, Nibbering ETJ, Elsaesser T. N-H stretching excitations in adenosine-thymidine base pairs in solution: pair geometries, infrared line shapes, and ultrafast vibrational dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:594-606. [PMID: 23234439 DOI: 10.1021/jp310177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We explore the N-H stretching vibrations of adenosine-thymidine base pairs in chloroform solution with linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopy. Based on estimates from NMR measurements and ab initio calculations, we conclude that adenosine and thymidine form hydrogen bonded base pairs in Watson-Crick, reverse Watson-Crick, Hoogsteen, and reverse Hoogsteen configurations with similar probability. Steady-state concentration and temperature dependent linear FT-IR studies, including H/D exchange experiments, reveal that these hydrogen-bonded base pairs have complex N-H/N-D stretching spectra with a multitude of spectral components. Nonlinear 2D-IR spectroscopic results, together with IR-pump-IR-probe measurements, as also corroborated by ab initio calculations, reveal that the number of N-H stretching transitions is larger than the total number of N-H stretching modes. This is explained by couplings to other modes, such as an underdamped low-frequency hydrogen-bond mode, and a Fermi resonance with NH(2) bending overtone levels of the adenosine amino-group. Our results demonstrate that modeling based on local N-H stretching vibrations only is not sufficient and call for further refinement of the description of the N-H stretching manifolds of nucleic acid base pairs of adenosine and thymidine, incorporating a multitude of couplings with fingerprint and low-frequency modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Greve
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Wu G, Zhu J. NMR studies of alkali metal ions in organic and biological solids. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 61:1-70. [PMID: 22340207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Jena NR, Bansal M. Mutagenicity associated with O6-methylguanine-DNA damage and mechanism of nucleotide flipping by AGT during repair. Phys Biol 2011; 8:046007. [PMID: 21666294 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/8/4/046007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methylated guanine damage at O6 position (i.e. O6MG) is dangerous due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic character that often gives rise to G:C-A:T mutation. However, the reason for this mutagenicity is not known precisely and has been a matter of controversy. Further, although it is known that O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) repairs O6MG paired with cytosine in DNA, the complete mechanism of target recognition and repair is not known completely. All these aspects of DNA damage and repair have been addressed here by employing high level density functional theory in gas phase and aqueous medium. It is found that the actual cause of O6MG mediated mutation may arise due to the fact that DNA polymerases incorporate thymine opposite to O6MG, misreading the resulting O6MG:T complex as an A:T base pair due to their analogous binding energies and structural alignments. It is further revealed that AGT mediated nucleotide flipping occurs in two successive steps. The intercalation of the finger residue Arg128 into the DNA double helix and its interaction with the O6MG:C base pair followed by rotation of the O6MG nucleotide are found to be crucial for the damage recognition and nucleotide flipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Jena
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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De Iuliis GN, Lawrance GA, Wilson NL. Metal Complex-promoted Cleavage of RNA Dimers and Trimers: Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Evidence for Cleavage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/1028662021000062590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry N. De Iuliis
- a Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , 2308 , Australia
| | - Geoffrey A. Lawrance
- a Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , 2308 , Australia
| | - Nicole L. Wilson
- a Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , 2308 , Australia
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Altona C. Conformational analysis of nucleic acids. Determination of backbone geometry of single-helical RNA and DNA in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19821011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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van Genderen MHP, Koole LH, Buck HM. Hybridization of phosphate-methylated DNA and natural oligonucleotides. Implications for protein-induced DNA duplex destabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19891080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Müller
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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40
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Wang JT, Xia Q, Zheng XH, Chen HY, Chao H, Mao ZW, Ji LN. An effective approach to artificial nucleases using copper(ii) complexes bearing nucleobases. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2128-36. [DOI: 10.1039/b915392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Zhou PP, Qiu WY. Red-Shifted Hydrogen Bonds and Blue-Shifted van der Waals Contact in the Standard Watson−Crick Adenine−Thymine Base Pair. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10306-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9035452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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42
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Cerón-Carrasco JP, Requena A, Michaux C, Perpète EA, Jacquemin D. Effects of Hydration on the Proton Transfer Mechanism in the Adenine−Thymine Base Pair. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7892-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Michaux
- Laboratorie de Chimie Biologique Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix Rue de Bruxelles, 61. 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Marathe A, Karandur D, Bansal M. Small local variations in B-form DNA lead to a large variety of global geometries which can accommodate most DNA-binding protein motifs. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2009; 9:24. [PMID: 19393049 PMCID: PMC2687451 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important question of biological relevance is the polymorphism of the double-helical DNA structure in its free form, and the changes that it undergoes upon protein-binding. We have analysed a database of free DNA crystal structures to assess the inherent variability of the free DNA structure and have compared it with a database of protein-bound DNA crystal structures to ascertain the protein-induced variations. RESULTS Most of the dinucleotide steps in free DNA display high flexibility, assuming different conformations in a sequence-dependent fashion. With the exception of the AA/TT and GA/TC steps, which are 'A-phobic', and the GG/CC step, which is 'A-philic', the dinucleotide steps show no preference for A or B forms of DNA. Protein-bound DNA adopts the B-conformation most often. However, in certain cases, protein-binding causes the DNA backbone to take up energetically unfavourable conformations. At the gross structural level, several protein-bound DNA duplexes are observed to assume a curved conformation in the absence of any large distortions, indicating that a series of normal structural parameters at the dinucleotide and trinucleotide level, similar to the ones in free B-DNA, can give rise to curvature at the overall level. CONCLUSION The results illustrate that the free DNA molecule, even in the crystalline state, samples a large amount of conformational space, encompassing both the A and the B-forms, in the absence of any large ligands. A-form as well as some non-A, non-B, distorted geometries are observed for a small number of dinucleotide steps in DNA structures bound to the proteins belonging to a few specific families. However, for most of the bound DNA structures, across a wide variety of protein families, the average step parameters for various dinucleotide sequences as well as backbone torsion angles are observed to be quite close to the free 'B-like' DNA oligomer values, highlighting the flexibility and biological significance of this structural form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Marathe
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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IUPAC-IUB joint commission on biochemical nomenclature abbreviations and symbols for the description of conformations of polynucleotide chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Appendix 1:Appendix 1C. [PMID: 18428807 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nca01cs00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This appendix presents nomenclature rules that are as close as possible to the originally published version and are reproduced here with permission from the European Journal of Biochemistry. A web-based version prepared by G.P. Moss is also available.
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Neihsial S, Lyngdoh RHD. Novel H-bonded base dimers as repeat units for information-bearing self-associative duplexes: A B3LYP/6-31G* search. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:1788-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pannopard P, Khongpracha P, Probst M, Limtrakul J. Structure and electronic properties of "DNA-gold-nanotube" systems: a quantum chemical analysis. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:1066-75. [PMID: 17977037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel DNA sensors is a crucial issue in the diagnosis of pathogenic and genetic diseases. We have used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the performance of hybrid DNA sensors consisting of a gold atom (Au) deposited on two types of single-walled carbon nanotubes: armchair SWCNT(8,0)/Au and zigzag SWCNT(5,5)/Au and compared these with bare Au. We also chose adenine:thymine (A:T) as a Watson-Crick base pair of the DNA double helix. In the recognition probe, SWCNT/Au/A, adenine is immobilized on the SWCNT/Au supporter via its active N7 anchor point. After thymine hybridization (SWCNT/Au/A:T), the overall modulations compared with the original systems. Due to the complimentary functions of gold, which acts as a powerful electron withdrawing and transmitting group and of the SWNCTs, which act as electron collecting centers, respectively, the hybrid systems, "SWNCTs/Au", were found to exhibit more stability and sensitivity than the Au center alone. The changes in the HOMO-LUMO band gaps and in the atomic partial charges upon binding of thymine were rather small, but the change of the overall dipole moment was considerably larger in SWCNT/Au/A than it was in Au/A alone. The overall results suggest that the "SWCNTs/gold" system is a potential candidate for a nanostructure-based DNA sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pannopard
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Sahu PK, Kuo CW, Lee SL. Interaction of Adenine Adducts with Thymine: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:2991-8. [PMID: 17388410 DOI: 10.1021/jp066856t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The existence of DNA adducts bring the danger of carcinogenesis because of mispairing with normal DNA bases. 1,N6-ethenoadenine adducts (epsilonA) and 1,N6-ethanoadenine adducts (EA) have been considered as DNA adducts to study the interaction with thymine, as DNA base. Several different stable conformers for each type of adenine adduct with thymine, [epsilonA(1)-T(I), epsilonA(2)-T(I), epsilonA(3)-T(I) and EA(1)-T(I), EA(2)-T(I), EA(3)-T(I)] and [epsilonA(1)-T(II), epsilonA(2)-T(II), epsilonA(3)-T(II) and EA(1)-T(II), EA(2)-T(II), EA(3)-T(II)], have been considered with regard to their interactions. The differences in their geometrical structures, energetic properties, and hydrogen-bonding strengths have also been compared with Watson-Crick adenine-thymine base pair (A-T). Single-point energy calculations at MP2/6-311++G** levels on B3LYP/6-31+G* optimized geometries have also been carried out to better estimate the hydrogen-bonding strengths. The basis set superposition error corrected hydrogen-bonding strength sequence at MP2/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31+G* for the most stable complexes is found to be EA(2)-T(I) (15.30 kcal/mol) > EA(1)-T(II) (14.98 kcal/mol) > EA(3)-T(II) (14.68 kcal/mol) > epsilonA(2)-T(I) (14.54 kcal/mol) > epsilonA(3)-T(II) (14.22 kcal/mol) > epsilonA(3)-T(II) (13.64 kcal/mol) > A-T (13.62 kcal/mol). The calculated reaction enthalpy value for epsilonA(2)-T(I) is 10.05 kcal/mol, which is the highest among the etheno adduct-thymine complexes and about 1.55 kcal/mol more than those obtained for Watson-Crick A-T base pair and the reaction enthalpy value for EA(1)- T(II) is 10.22 kcal/mol, which is highest among the ethano addcut-thymine complexes and about 1.72 kcal/mol more than those obtained for Watson-Crick A-T base pair. The aim of this research is to provide fundamental understanding of adenine adduct and thymine interaction at the molecular level and to aid in future experimental studies toward finding the possible cause of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621 Taiwan
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Kumar A, Mishra PC, Suhai S. Binding of Gold Clusters with DNA Base Pairs: A Density Functional Study of Neutral and Anionic GC−Aun and AT−Aun (n = 4, 8) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7719-27. [PMID: 16774220 DOI: 10.1021/jp060932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Binding of clusters of gold atoms (Au) with the guanine-cytosine (GC) and adenine-thymine (AT) Watson-Crick DNA base pairs was studied using the density functional theory (DFT). Geometries of the neutral GC-Au(n) and AT-Au(n) and the corresponding anionic (GC-Au(n))(-1) and (AT-Au(n))(-1) (n = 4, 8) complexes were fully optimized in different electronic states, that is, singlet and triplet states for the neutral complexes and doublet and quartet states for the anionic complexes, using the B3LYP density functional method. The 6-31+G basis set was used for all atoms except gold. For gold atoms, the Los Alamos effective core potential (ECP) basis set LanL2DZ was employed. Vibrational frequency calculations were performed to ensure that the optimized structures corresponded to potential energy surface minima. The gold clusters around the neutral GC and AT base pairs have a T-shaped structure, which satisfactorily resemble those observed experimentally and in other theoretical studies. However, in anionic GC and AT base pairs, the gold clusters have extended zigzag and T-shaped structures. We found that guanine and adenine have high affinity for Au clusters, with their N3 and N7 sites being preferentially involved in binding with the same. The calculated adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) of the GC-Au(n)complexes (n = 4, 8) were found to be much larger than those of the isolated base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India
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50
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Müller J, Lippert B. Erzwingung oder Erkennung einer dreiarmigen DNA-Kreuzung: Metall-Tripelhelicat trifft Doppelhelix. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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