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Kim SH, Lee R, Yoon JW, Cheong HT, Ra CS, Rhee KJ, Park J, Jung BD. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Zinc Oxide and Berberine in Rats with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1919. [PMID: 38998031 PMCID: PMC11240726 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is frequently used in high concentrations to prevent diarrhea in weaning pigs. However, it can produce environmental pollution, because it is not absorbed by the intestines and is excreted in the feces. In studies to identify an alternative substance to ZnO, we used a model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine with ZnO. DSS-treated rats displayed weight loss, shortening of the colon, increased fecal water content, and an increase in the disease activity index (DAI). In contrast, DSS + ZnO- and DSS + berberine-treated rats exhibited reduced colon shortening, decreased fecal water content, and a decrease in the DAI. Histological analysis revealed that both ZnO and berberine treatment reduced epithelial cell damage, crypt destruction, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, the liver damage index was not significantly different between ZnO and berberine-treated rats. This study indicated that both ZnO and berberine can improve DSS-induced colitis in rats and suggests berberine as an alternative treatment to ZnO that would not cause environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Won Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Cheong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Six Ra
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Dong Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Cervello M, Augello G, Cocco L, Ratti S, Follo MY, Martelli AM, Cusimano A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. The potential of the nutraceutical berberine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases such as NAFLD and NASH. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 92:101032. [PMID: 38693042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer which unfortunately has poor outcomes. Common anti-cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy have not increased patient survival significantly. A common treatment for HCC patients is transplantation, however, it has limitations and complications. Novel approaches are necessary to more effectively treat HCC patients. Berberine (BBR) is a nutraceutical derived from various fruits and trees, which has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as diabetes and inflammation. More recently, the anti-proliferation effects of BBR have been investigated in the treatment of patients with various cancers, especially colorectal cancer, and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we will focus on studies with BBR in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Davoodvandi A, Sadeghi S, Alavi SMA, Alavi SS, Jafari A, Khan H, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Sharifi M, Asemi Z. The therapeutic effects of berberine for gastrointestinal cancers. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024; 20:152-167. [PMID: 36915942 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious human health issues. Drug therapy is the major common way to treat cancer. There is a growing interest in using natural compounds to overcome drug resistance, adverse reactions, and target specificity of certain types of drugs that may affect several targets with fewer side effects and be beneficial against various types of cancer. In this regard, the use of herbal medicines alone or in combination with the main anticancer drugs is commonly available. Berberine (BBR), a nature-driven phytochemical component, is a well-known nutraceutical due to its wide variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and hypolipidemic. In addition, BBR exerts anticancer activities. In present article, we summarized the information available on the therapeutic effects of BBR and its mechanisms on five types of the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahand Sadeghi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Shaghayegh Alavi
- Departmemt of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Zhu Y, Xie N, Chai Y, Nie Y, Liu K, Liu Y, Yang Y, Su J, Zhang C. Apoptosis Induction, a Sharp Edge of Berberine to Exert Anti-Cancer Effects, Focus on Breast, Lung, and Liver Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:803717. [PMID: 35153781 PMCID: PMC8830521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.803717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death and one of the greatest barriers to increased life expectancy worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy with synthetic drugs remains one of the predominant ways for cancer treatment, which may lead to drug resistance and normal organ damage. Increasing researches have suggested that apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is a promising way for cancer therapy. Furthermore, natural products are important sources for finding new drugs with high availability, low cost and low toxicity. As a well-known isoquinoline alkaloid, accumulating evidence has revealed that berberine (BBR) exerts potential pro-apoptotic effects on multiple cancers, including breast, lung, liver, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers. The related potential signal pathways are AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and protein kinase B pathways. In this review, we provide a timely and comprehensive summary of the detailed molecular mechanisms of BBR in treating three types of cancer (breast, lung and liver cancer) by inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, we also discuss the existing challenges and strategies to improve BBR’s bioavailability. Hopefully, this review provides valuable information for the comprehension of BBR in treating three types of cancer and highlight the pro-apoptotic effects of BBR, which would be beneficial for the further development of this natural compound as an effective clinical drug for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yisen Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinsong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Jagetia GC. Anticancer Potential of Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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The pharmacological activity of berberine, a review for liver protection. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173655. [PMID: 33068590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver plays an important role in bile synthesis, metabolic function, degradation of toxins, new substances synthesis in body. However, hepatopathy morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year around the world, which become a major public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a prominent role in the treatment of liver diseases due to its definite curative effect and small side effects. The hepatoprotective effect of berberine has been extensively studied, so we comprehensively summarize the pharmacological activities of lipid metabolism regulation, bile acid adjustment, anti-inflammation, oxidation resistance, anti-fibrosis and anti-cancer and so on. Besides, the metabolism and toxicity of berberine and its new formulations to improve its effectiveness are expounded, providing a reference for the safe and effective clinical use of berberine.
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Synthesis and In Vitro Photocytotoxicity of 9-/13-Lipophilic Substituted Berberine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030677. [PMID: 32033326 PMCID: PMC7036939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize the 9-/13-position substituted berberine derivatives and evaluate their cytotoxic and photocytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines. Among all the synthesized compounds, 9-O-dodecyl- (5e), 13-dodecyl- (6e), and 13-O-dodecyl-berberine (7e) exhibited stronger growth inhibition against three human cancer cell lines, (HepG2, HT-29 and BFTC905), in comparison with structurally related berberine (1). These three compounds also showed the photocytotoxicity in human cancer cells in a concentration-dependent and light dose-dependent manner. Through flow cytometry analysis, we found out a lipophilic group at the 9-/13-position of berberine may have facilitated its penetration into test cells and hence enhanced its photocytotoxicity on the human liver cancer cell HepG2. Further, in cell cycle analysis, 5e, 6e, and 7e induced HepG2 cells to arrest at the S phase and caused apoptosis upon irradiation. In addition, photodynamic treatment of berberine derivatives 5e, 6e, and 7e again showed a significant photocytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, induced remarkable cell apoptosis, greatly increased intracellular ROS level, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results over and again confirmed that berberine derivatives 5e, 6e, and 7e greatly enhanced photocytotoxicity. Taken together, the test data led us to conclude that berberine derivatives with a dodecyl group at the 9-/13-position could be great candidates for the anti-liver cancer medicines developments.
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Raju M, Kulkarni YA, Wairkar S. Therapeutic potential and recent delivery systems of berberine: A wonder molecule. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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9
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Berberine induced modulation of PHLPP2-Akt-MST1 kinase signaling is coupled with mitochondrial impairment and hepatoma cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Sharma N, Kumar A, Sharma PR, Qayum A, Singh SK, Dutt P, Paul S, Gupta V, Verma MK, Satti NK, Vishwakarma R. A new clerodane furano diterpene glycoside from Tinospora cordifolia triggers autophagy and apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:295-310. [PMID: 28962889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia is a miraculous ayurvedic herb used in the treatment of innumerable diseases such as diabetes, gonorrhea, secondary syphilis, anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological diseases, cancer, gout, jaundice, asthma, leprosy, in the treatment of bone fractures, liver & intestinal disorders, purifies the blood, gives new life to the whole body; (rejuvenating herb) and many more. Recent studies have revealed the anticancer potential of this plant but not much work has been done on the anticancer chemical constituents actually responsible for its amazing anticancer effects. This prompted us to investigate this plant further for new potent anticancer molecules. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to isolate and identify new promising anticancer candidates from the aqueous alcoholic extract of T. cordifolia using bioassay-guided fractionation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and that of new potent anticancer molecule, TC-2 was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of its corresponding acetate. The in vitro anti-cancer activity of TC-2 was evaluated by SRB assay and the autophagic activity was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Annexin-V FITC and PI dual staining was applied for the detection of apoptosis. The studies on Mitochondrial Membrane potential and ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production were also done. RESULTS Bioassay guided fractionation and purification of the aqueous alcoholic stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia led to the isolation of a new clerodane furano diterpene glycoside (TC-2) along with five known compounds i.e. cordifolioside A (β-D-Glucopyranoside,4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 3-O-D-apio-β-D-furanosyl) (TC-1), β-Sitosterol(TC-3), 2β,3β:15,16-Diepoxy- 4α, 6β-dihydroxy-13(16),14-clerodadiene-17,12:18,1-diolide (TC-4), ecdysterone(TC-5) and tinosporoside(TC-6). TC-2 emerged as a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer. CONCLUSION The overall study on the bioassay guided isolation of T.cordifolia identified and isolated a new clerodane furano diterpenoid that exhibited anticancer activity via induction of mitochondria mediated apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 cells. We have reported a promising future candidate for treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - P R Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Prabhu Dutt
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Satya Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Post- Graduate Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - M K Verma
- Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N K Satti
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - R Vishwakarma
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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Eo SH, Kim JH, Kim SJ. Induction of G₂/M Arrest by Berberine via Activation of PI3K/Akt and p38 in Human Chondrosarcoma Cell Line. Oncol Res 2016; 22:147-57. [PMID: 26168133 PMCID: PMC7838453 DOI: 10.3727/096504015x14298122915583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a clinically important natural isoquinoline alkaloid found in many medicinal herbs. Berberine has been shown to have many pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects and mechanism of action of berberine have not been studied in chondrosarcoma. Therefore, the effects of berberine on proliferation in a human chondrosarcoma cell line (HTB-94) were investigated. Berberine inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. We also determined that inhibition of cell proliferation by berberine occurred via G2/M phase arrest in HTB-94 cells. Berberine induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by upregulation of p53 and p21 expression and suppressed cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdc2), cdc25c, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein (pRb) expression. In addition, berberine stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and p38 kinase. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt with LY294002 (LY) and p38 kinase with SB203580 (SB), respectively, decreased berberine-induced p53 and p21 expression and restored cell proliferation and expression of cyclin B1, cdc2, cdc25c, and pRb cell cycle progression proteins. These results suggest that berberine-induced inhibition of cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phases was regulated through PI3K/Akt and p38 kinase pathways in HTB-94 chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hui Eo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Elfahmi, Woerdenbag HJ, Kayser O. Jamu: Indonesian traditional herbal medicine towards rational phytopharmacological use. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Berberine inhibits the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. J Nat Med 2013; 68:53-62. [PMID: 23604974 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, and has long been used as an antibiotic. Its antineoplastic properties were subsequently discovered in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of berberine on the growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that berberine inhibited human colorectal adenocarcinoma (LoVo) cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A WST-1 assay showed that the IC50 value after 72 h was 40.79 ± 4.11 μM. Cell cycle analysis of 40 μM berberine-treated LoVo cells by flow cytometry showed accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase. The inhibition of LoVo cell growth by berberine was associated with the suppression of cyclin B1, cdc2, and cdc25c proteins. Berberine at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1) showed inhibitory rates of 45.3% in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenograft in nude mice. The combination of berberine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) had a higher inhibitory rate (59.8%) than the berberine group (36.4%, P = 0.01), but no significant difference was observed between the 5-FU group (43.0%, P = 0.06) and the combination group. These results support the possibility that berberine may be useful as an alternative therapy for colorectal carcinoma.
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Lo CY, Hsu LC, Chen MS, Lin YJ, Chen LG, Kuo CD, Wu JY. Synthesis and anticancer activity of a novel series of 9-O-substituted berberine derivatives: A lipophilic substitute role. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Chen XW, Di YM, Zhang J, Zhou ZW, Li CG, Zhou SF. Interaction of herbal compounds with biological targets: a case study with berberine. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:708292. [PMID: 23213296 PMCID: PMC3504405 DOI: 10.1100/2012/708292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is one of the main alkaloids found in the Chinese herb Huang lian (Rhizoma Coptidis), which has been reported to have multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to analyze the molecular targets of berberine based on literature data followed by a pathway analysis using the PANTHER program. PANTHER analysis of berberine targets showed that the most classes of molecular functions include receptor binding, kinase activity, protein binding, transcription activity, DNA binding, and kinase regulator activity. Based on the biological process classification of in vitro berberine targets, those targets related to signal transduction, intracellular signalling cascade, cell surface receptor-linked signal transduction, cell motion, cell cycle control, immunity system process, and protein metabolic process are most frequently involved. In addition, berberine was found to interact with a mixture of biological pathways, such as Alzheimer's disease-presenilin and -secretase pathways, angiogenesis, apoptosis signalling pathway, FAS signalling pathway, Hungtington disease, inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways, interleukin signalling pathway, and p53 pathways. We also explored the possible mechanism of action for the anti-diabetic effect of berberine. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of action of berberine using systems biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, China
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Kim S, Han J, Lee SK, Choi MY, Kim J, Lee J, Jung SP, Kim JS, Kim JH, Choe JH, Lee JE, Nam SJ. Berberine Suppresses the TPA-Induced MMP-1 and MMP-9 Expressions Through the Inhibition of PKC-α in Breast Cancer Cells. J Surg Res 2012; 176:e21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Rao SK, Rao PS. Alteration in the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells by dichloromethane extract of guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 9:378-84. [PMID: 21106617 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410387598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of HeLa cells to TCE (dichloromethane extract of Tinospora cordifolia) for 4 hours before exposure to 2-Gy γ-radiation caused a significant decrease in the cell viability (approximately 50%). The surviving fraction (SF) was reduced to 0.52 after 4 hours of TCE treatment; thereafter, clonogenecity of HeLa cells declined negligibly with treatment duration up to 6 hours posttreatment. Exposure of HeLa cells to different doses of γ-radiation resulted in a dose-dependent decline in the viability of HeLa cells, whereas treatment of HeLa cells with various doses of TCE further decreased the cell viability depending not only on the irradiation dose but also on the concentration of TCE. Treatment of HeLa cells with various doses of TCE caused a significant decline in cell viability after exposure to 1 to 4 Gy γ-radiation. The increase in TCE concentration before irradiation caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the SF, and a lowest SF was observed for 4 μg/mL TCE for all exposure doses. HeLa cells treated with TCE showed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase and decrease in glutathioneS-transferase activity at all postirradiation times. Lipid peroxidation increased up to 4 hours postirradiation and declined gradually up to 12 hours postirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaival K Rao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India.
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Inhibitory effects of Zuo-Jin-Wan and its alkaloidal ingredients on activator protein 1, nuclear factor-κB, and cellular transformation in HepG2 cells. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:696-703. [PMID: 21356280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zuo-Jin-Wan (ZJW) has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. This study was to determine whether ZJW and its components blocked activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activities as well as tumor promotion in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. ZJW and its components, Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, inhibited AP-1 and NF-κB activities, and suppressed anchorage-independent growth of HepG2 cells. The major alkaloidal ingredients, berberine and evodiamine, inhibited AP-1 activities and/or NF-κB activation, and further suppressed hepatocellular transformation. In conclusion, ZJW and its constituents, berberine and evodiamine, suppressed tumor promotion primarily through AP-1 and/or NF-κB pathways in HepG2 cells.
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Watthanachaiyingcharoen R, Komatsu K, Zhu S, Vajragupta O, Leelamanit W. Authentication of Coscinium fenestratum among the Other Menispermaceae Plants Prescribed in Thai Folk Medicines. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:91-4. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Shu Zhu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University
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A systematic review of the anticancer properties of berberine, a natural product from Chinese herbs. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:757-69. [PMID: 19704371 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328330d95b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent a rich reservoir of potential small chemical molecules exhibiting antiproliferation and anticancer properties. An example is berberine, a protoberberine alkaloid widely distributed in medical plants used in traditional Chinese prescriptions. Recent advances have shown that berberine exerts anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo through different mechanisms. Berberine shows inhibitory effects on the proliferation and reproduction of certain tumorigenic microorganisms and viruses, such as Heliobacter pylori and hepatitis B virus. Transcriptional regulation of some oncogene and carcinogenesis-related gene expression and interaction with both DNA and RNA are also well documented. Besides, berberine is a broad spectrum enzyme inhibitor, which affects N-acetyltransferase, cyclooxygenase-2, and topoisomerase activities and gene/protein expression. These actions, together with the regulation of reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation might underlie its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. More importantly, the suppression of tumor growth and metastasis, the beneficial application in combined medication, and the improvement of multidrug resistance both in vivo and in vitro clearly show its potential as an alternative medicine for tumor chemotherapy.
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Maiti M, Kumar GS. Polymorphic nucleic Acid binding of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and their role in cancer. J Nucleic Acids 2009; 2010. [PMID: 20814427 PMCID: PMC2915887 DOI: 10.4061/2010/593408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive alkaloids occupy an important position in applied chemistry and play an indispensable role in medicinal chemistry. Amongst them, isoquinoline alkaloids like berberine, palmatine and coralyne of protoberberine group, sanguinarine of the benzophenanthridine group, and their derivatives represent an important class of molecules for their broad range of clinical and pharmacological utility. In view of their extensive occurrence in various plant species and significantly low toxicities, prospective development and use of these alkaloids as effective anticancer agents are matters of great current interest. This review has focused on the interaction of these alkaloids with polymorphic nucleic acid structures (B-form, A-form, Z-form, HL-form, triple helical form, quadruplex form) and their topoisomerase inhibitory activity reported by several research groups using various biophysical techniques like spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, thermal melting, circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, viscosity, isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, molecular modeling studies, and so forth, to elucidate their mode and mechanism of action for structure-activity relationships. The DNA binding of the planar sanguinarine and coralyne are found to be stronger and thermodynamically more favoured compared to the buckled structure of berberine and palmatine and correlate well with the intercalative mechanism of sanguinarine and coralyne and the partial intercalation by berberine and palmatine. Nucleic acid binding properties are also interpreted in relation to their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Maiti
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), Kolkata 700032, India
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Hur JM, Hyun MS, Lim SY, Lee WY, Kim D. The combination of berberine and irradiation enhances anti-cancer effects via activation of p38 MAPK pathway and ROS generation in human hepatoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:955-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Yoo TM, Kim BS, Yoo BC, Yoo HS. Monitoring the Change of Protein Expression in Human Colon Cancer Cell SNU-81 treated with the Water-Extract of Coptis japonica. J Pharmacopuncture 2009. [DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2009.12.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Kim S, Choi JH, Kim JB, Nam SJ, Yang JH, Kim JH, Lee JE. Berberine suppresses TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 and cell invasion through inhibition of AP-1 activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Molecules 2008; 13:2975-85. [PMID: 19052522 PMCID: PMC6244848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of cancer cell induced by matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is one of pivotal steps in cancer metastasis. Herein, we investigated how cell invasion was regulated by berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline derivative alkaloid compound, in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The basal level of MMP-9 activity and expression was dose-dependently increased by TNF-α, while TNF-α-induced MMP-9 gelatinase activity and expression was decreased by BBR. To investigate regulatory mechanism of TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression, we pretreated cells with UO126 (MEK inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), respectively. Interestingly, TNF-α-induced MMP-9 activity and expression was decreased by UO126 and SB203580, but not by SP600125. Therefore, we further examined the effects of BBR on TNF-α-induced AP-1 DNA binding activity which is a downstream target of ERK and p38. Our data showed that TNF-α-induced AP-1 DNA binding activity was inhibited by BBR. Finally, we investigated the effect of BBR on TNF-α-induced cell invasion. TNF-α-induced cell invasion was significantly decreased by BBR treatment. Taken together, we suggest that TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion are decreased by BBR through the suppression of AP-1 DNA binding activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710
| | - Jae Hyuck Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710
| | - Jong Bin Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710
| | - Jung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (J-H. K.); (J-E. L.); Tel: +82-2-3410-0286(J-H. K.), +82-2-3410-0260 (J-E. L.); Fax: +82-2-3410-6982(J-H. K.), Fax: +82-2-3410-6982(J-E. L.)
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (J-H. K.); (J-E. L.); Tel: +82-2-3410-0286(J-H. K.), +82-2-3410-0260 (J-E. L.); Fax: +82-2-3410-6982(J-H. K.), Fax: +82-2-3410-6982(J-E. L.)
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Kim S, Chung JH. Berberine prevents UV-induced MMP-1 and reduction of type I procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:749-753. [PMID: 18164189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) induction and type I procollagen reduction in photoaging of the skin due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Therefore, regulation of these genes has been suggested to be a useful tool to abolish skin aging. In this study, antioxidative plant ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine, berberine (BBR) was investigated for their capacity to regulate MMP-1 and type I procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Our results showed that both basal and UV-induced MMP-1 expression was decreased by BBR. On the other hand, type I procollagen expression was dose-dependently increased by it. In addition, UV-induced reduction of type I procollagen expression is recovered by it. Therefore, we suggest that BBR may be a possible candidate for anti-skin aging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Kim S, Kim Y, Kim JE, Cho KH, Chung JH. Berberine inhibits TPA-induced MMP-9 and IL-6 expression in normal human keratinocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:340-347. [PMID: 17951041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is a plant ingredient that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are known to be highly induced by ultraviolet (UV) light and may play important roles in UV-induced skin inflammation and the skin aging process. In this study, we investigated the effects of berberine on MMP-9 and IL-6 expression in normal human keratinocytes (NHK). Our results demonstrated that berberine dose-dependently inhibited basal and TPA-induced expression and activity of MMP-9, and also suppressed TPA-induced IL-6 expression. Berberine prevented TPA-induced ERK activation and AP-1 DNA binding activity. Therefore, berberine may be used as an effective ingredient for anti-skin aging products, which can prevent skin inflammation and the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Luk JM, Wang X, Liu P, Wong KF, Chan KL, Tong Y, Hui CK, Lau GK, Fan ST. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines for treatment of liver fibrosis and cancer: from laboratory discovery to clinical evaluation. Liver Int 2007; 27:879-90. [PMID: 17696925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease afflicts over 10% of the world population. This includes chronic hepatitis, alcoholic steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are the most health-threatening conditions drawing considerable attention from medical professionals and scientists. Patients with alcoholism or viral hepatitis are much more likely to have liver cell damage and cirrhosis, and some may eventually develop HCC, which is unfortunately, and very often, a fatal malignancy without cure. While liver surgery is not suitable in many of the HCC cases, patients are mostly given palliative support cares or transarterial chemoembolization or systemic chemotherapies. However, HCC is well known to be a highly chemoresistant tumour, and the response rate is <10-20%. To this end, alternative medicines are being actively sought from other sources with hopes to halt the disease's progression or even eliminate the tumours. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has begun to gain popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare as well as disease prevention, and been used as conventional or complementary medicines for both treatable and incurable diseases in Asia and the West. In this article, we discuss the laboratory findings and clinical trial studies of Chinese herbal medicines (particularly small molecule compounds) for the treatment of liver disease ranging from fibrosis to liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Luk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Jantova S, Cipak L, Letasiova S. Berberine induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial/caspase pathway in human promonocytic U937 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:25-31. [PMID: 17011159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid, is known to generate a wide variety of biochemical and pharmacological effects. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of berberine-induced antiproliferative activities, the human promonocytic U937 cells were used. Berberine exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effects. Morphological evidence of apoptosis, including apoptotic DNA fragmentation, were observed in cells treated with 75 microg ml(-1) of berberine for 24h. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that berberine had no effect on cell cycle profile of U937 cells, however, sub-G(0) fraction (apoptotic cell population) was detected. The percentage of sub-G(0) fraction of cells treated with 75 microg ml(-1) of berberine was 25.3+/-1.6%. Berberine induces significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of U937 cells. The highest tested concentration of berberine decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential to 15.8+/-2.4% of control. Additionally, berberine-treated cells had an elevated level of ROS production. Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was also detected, with no caspase-8 activation observed. Taken together, the results clearly demonstrate that berberine induces apoptosis of U937 cells through the mitochondrial/caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Jantova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Jagetia GC, Rao SK. Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Dichloromethane Extract of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Miers ex Hook F & THOMS) on Cultured HeLa Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 3:267-72. [PMID: 16786058 PMCID: PMC1475936 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (TCE) have been shown to possess anti-tumor properties, but the mechanism of the anti-tumor function of TCE is poorly understood. This investigation elucidates the possible mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects of dichlormethane extracts of TCE, after selecting optimal duration and concentration for treatment. HeLa cells were exposed to various concentrations of TCE, which has resulted in a concentration-dependent decline in the clonogenicity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and a concentration-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) with a peak at 4 h and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with a peak at 2 h. Our results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of TCE may be due to lipid peroxidation and release of LDH and decline in GST.
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Jagetia GC, Rao SK. Evaluation of the Antineoplastic Activity of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:460-6. [PMID: 16508146 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of dichloromethane extract of guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. & Thoms. Family: Menispermaceae (TCE)] in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated. The EAC mice receiving 25, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mg/kg, TCE showed a dose dependent elevation in tumor-free survival and a highest number of survivors were observed at 50 mg/kg TCE, which was considered as an optimum dose for its neoplastic action. The average survival time (AST) and median survival time (MST) for this dose were approximately 56 and 55 d, respectively when compared with 19 d of non-drug treated controls. Administration of 50 mg/kg TCE resulted in 100% long-term survivors (up to 90 d). An attempt was also made to evaluate the effectiveness of TCE in the various stages of tumor development, where 50 mg/kg TCE was administered intraperitoneally after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 d of tumor inoculation and these days have been arbitrarily designated as stage I, II, III, IV or V, respectively for reasons of clarity. The greatest anticancer activity was recorded for stage I, II and III where number of long term survivors (LTS) was approximately 33, 25 and 17%, respectively. However, treatment of mice at stage IV and V did not increase LTS, despite an increase in AST and MST. The EAC mice receiving 50 mg/kg TCE showed a time dependent depletion in the glutathione (GSH) activity up to 12 h post-treatment and marginal elevation thereafter. This depletion in GSH was accompanied by a drastic elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPx) and a maximum elevation in LPx was observed at 6 h that declined gradually thereafter. TCE exerted cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by reducing the GSH concentration and increase in LPx simultaneously.
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Hanachi P, . SK, . RA, . GM, . OF. Cytotoxic Effect of Berberis vulgaris Fruit Extract on the Proliferation of Human Liver Cancer Cell Line (HepG2) and its Antioxidant Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2006.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Letasiová S, Jantová S, Cipák L, Múcková M. Berberine-antiproliferative activity in vitro and induction of apoptosis/necrosis of the U937 and B16 cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 239:254-62. [PMID: 16229943 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 05/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid, is widely distributed in plants used in the traditional Chinese medicine. It displays a wide range of biological activities and the mechanism of action. Our previous studies of the anticancer activity of berberine against the cancer cell lines HeLa and L1210 were extended to the human tumour U937 cell line and the murine melanoma B16 cell line growing in vitro. Cytotoxicity was measured by the growth inhibition assay and by the cell morphology monitoring. The in vitro cytotoxic studies were complemented by the cell cycle analysis and determination of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Berberine acted cytotoxically on both tumour cell lines. The melanoma B16 cells were much more sensitive to berberine treatment than the U937 cells. The value of IC(100) was below 100 microg/ml for the U937 cells and below 1 microg/ml for the B16 cells. As for both cell lines under the long-term influence the values of IC(50) were found to be less than 4 microg/ml. No effect of berberine on the cell cycle profile of the U937 and B16 cells was detected, however, berberine induced apoptosis of the U937 cells. On the other hand, cell lysis/necrosis of the berberine-treated B16 cells was observed as the result of the integrity damage of the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Letasiová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Da-Cunha EVL, Fechinei IM, Guedes DN, Barbosa-Filho JM, Da Silva MS. Protoberberine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2005; 62:1-75. [PMID: 16265921 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Jagetia GC, Baliga MS. Effect of Alstonia scholaris in Enhancing the Anticancer Activity of Berberine in the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. J Med Food 2004; 7:235-44. [PMID: 15298773 DOI: 10.1089/1096620041224094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemomodulatory activity of Alstonia scholaris extract (ASE) was studied in combination with berberine hydrochloride (BCL), a topoisomerase inhibitor, in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. The tumor-bearing animals were injected with various doses of ASE, and 8 mg/kg of BCL (one-fifth of the 50% lethal dose) was combined with different doses of ASE (60-240 mg/kg). The combination of 180 mg/kg of ASE with 8 mg/kg of BCL showed the greatest antitumor effect; the number of tumor-free survivors was more, and the median survival time and the average survival time increased up to 47 and 40.5 days, respectively, when compared with either treatment alone. Similarly, when 180 mg/kg of ASE was combined with different doses of BCL (2-12 mg/kg), a dose-dependent increase in the anticancer activity was observed up to 8 mg/kg of BCL. However, a further increase in the BCL dose to 10 and 12 mg/kg resulted in toxic side effects. The best effect was observed when 180 mg/kg of ASE was combined with 6 or 8 mg/kg of BCL, where an increase in the antineoplastic activity was reported. The efficacy of the combination of 180 mg/kg of ASE was also tested with 6 mg/kg body weight of BCL in various stages of tumorigenesis, and it was effective when given in the early stages, although the efficiency decreased with an increase in the tumor developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation, yet the exact mechanism is unknown. Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is elevated in inflammation, we examined whether the anti-inflammatory mechanism of berberine is mediated through COX-2 regulation. In oral cancer cell line OC2 and KB cells, a 12 h berberine treatment (1, 10, and 100 microM) reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production dose-dependently with or without 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 10 nM) induction. This berberine induced effect occurred rapidly (3 h) as a result of reduced COX-2 protein, but not enzyme activity. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding was decreased in oral cancer cells treated with berberine for 2 h. Further analysis showed that berberine inhibited AP-1 binding directly. These anti-inflammatory effects paralleled to the in vivo results where berberine pretreatment of Wistar rat inhibited the production of exudates and PGE2 in carrageenan induced air pouch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Li Kuo
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Jantová S, Cipák L, Cernáková M, Kost'álová D. Effect of berberine on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in HeLa and L1210 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55:1143-9. [PMID: 12956905 DOI: 10.1211/002235703322277186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the anticancer activity of protoberberine alkaloids against a variety of cancer cell lines were extended to human tumour HeLa and murine leukemia L1210 cell lines. An attempt was also made to investigate the relationship between the cytotoxic activity of berberine and its molecular mechanism of action. Cytotoxicity was measured in-vitro using a primary biochemical screening according to Oyama and Eagle, and the growth inhibition assay. The in-vitro cytotoxic techniques were complemented by cell cycle analysis and determination of apoptotic DNA fragmentation in L1210 cells. Berberine acted cytotoxically on both tumour cell lines. The sensitivity of leukemia L1210 cells to the berberine was higher than that of HeLa cells. The IC(100) was below 100 microg mL(-1) for HeLa cells and approached a 10 microg mL(-1) limit for the leukemia L1210 cells. For both cell lines the IC(50) was found to be less than 4 microg mL(-1), a limit put forward by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for classification of the compound as a potential anticancer drug. In L1210 cells treated with 10-50 microg mL(-1) berberine, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest was observed. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent decrease of cells in S phase and increase in G(2)/M phase was detected. In addition, apoptosis detected as sub-G(0) cell population in cell cycle measurement was proved in 25-100 microg mL(-1) berberine-treated cells by monitoring the apoptotic DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder) using agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Jantová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Lee YM, Wu TH, Chen SF, Chung JG. Effect of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) on cell apoptosis and cell cycle in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:279-87. [PMID: 12781206 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemopreventive role of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line was investigated by studying the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in HCC (J5) cells. Morphological analysis, cell viability assay, DNA analysis and cell-cycle analysis suggest that there are at least three modes of the suppressive effects shown by 5-MOP: (a) kills J5 cells directly; (b) induces apoptosis by arresting J5 cells at the G2/M phase in the cell cycle; (c) induces apoptosis through an independent pathway with cell-cycle arrest at 24-72 h of exposure. Further immunoblot analysis demonstrated that inhibition of cyclin B1 by 5-MOP may play an important role in G2/M arrest of J5 cells and provides an additional way to prevent cells from entering the M phase and undergoing apoptosis. 5-MOP therefore appears to exert its anticarcinogenic properties by cytotoxic effect, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Chungtai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Taichung, 406, Republic of, Taiwan, China
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Whelan LC, Ryan MF. Ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia and other ethnobotanical species as inhibitors of human tumour cell growth. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:53-58. [PMID: 12622464 DOI: 10.1078/094471103321648665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of 20 plant species, selected from the ethnobotanical literature, were analysed for their pharmacological potential as antineoplastic agents against the HEp-2 cell line. Psoralea corylifolia and E. grandidens were the most efficacious species eliciting IC50 values of 22 microg/ml and 57 microg/ml respectively. Psoralea corylifolia, additionally tested against lung carcinoma (A549) cells gave an IC50 value of 68 microg/ml. Such data would justify a search for active compounds from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Whelan
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Li XK, Motwani M, Tong W, Bornmann W, Schwartz GK. Huanglian, A chinese herbal extract, inhibits cell growth by suppressing the expression of cyclin B1 and inhibiting CDC2 kinase activity in human cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 58:1287-93. [PMID: 11093765 DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.6.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglian is an herb that is widely used in China for the treatment of gastroenteritis. We elected to determine whether huanglian could inhibit tumor cell growth by modulating molecular events directly associated with the cell cycle. Huanglian inhibited tumor growth and colony formation of gastric, colon, and breast cancer cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell growth was completely inhibited after 3 days of continuous drug exposure to 10 microg/ml of herb. This degree of growth inhibition was significantly greater than that observed with berberine, the major constituent of the herb. The inhibition of cell growth by huanglian was associated with up to 8-fold suppression of cyclin B1 protein. This resulted in complete inhibition of cdc2 kinase activity and accumulation of cells in G(2). The mRNA expression of cyclin B1 was not changed after huanglian treatment. There was no change in the protein expression of cyclins A or E. Therefore, the effect of huanglian on inhibiting tumor growth seems to be mediated by the selective suppression of cyclin B1, which results in the inhibition of cdc2 kinase activity. Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) activity is emerging as an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy. Huanglian represents a class of agents that can inhibit tumor cell growth by directly suppressing the expression of a cyclin subunit that is critical for cell cycle progression. These results indicate that traditional Chinese herbs may represent a new source of agents designed for selective inhibition of cyclin dependent kinases in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Li
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Research Laboratory for New Drug Development, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Iizuka N, Miyamoto K, Hazama S, Yoshino S, Yoshimura K, Okita K, Fukumoto T, Yamamoto S, Tangoku A, Oka M. Anticachectic effects of Coptidis rhizoma, an anti-inflammatory herb, on esophageal cancer cells that produce interleukin 6. Cancer Lett 2000; 158:35-41. [PMID: 10940506 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herbs as alternative cancer therapies have attracted a great deal of recent attention due to their low toxicity and costs. In this study, the antitumor activity and anticachectic effect of Coptidis rhizoma, an anti-inflammatory herb, were investigated in nude mice carrying a human esophageal cancer cell line YES-2, which constitutively secretes interleukin-6 (IL-6) and induces cachexia when injected into these mice. In this study, in vivo growth of YES-2 cells was not affected by an oral supplement containing the extract powder of C. rhizoma at a final concentration of 1% (CR supplement). However, in comparison with normal diet, CR supplement significantly attenuated weight loss of tumor-bearing mice without a change in food or water intake. Tumor IL-6 levels were significantly lower in mice treated with CR supplement than in control mice (P<0.001). Serum IL-6 was detectable in four (50%) of eight control mice; IL-6 was not detected in mice treated with CR supplement. We also confirmed that berberine (8-32 microM), a major component of C. rhizoma, dose-dependently inhibited secretion of IL-6 by YES-2 cells in vitro. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR assay showed that treatment of YES-2 cells with berberine (8-32 microM) for 24 h reduced IL-6 mRNA expression. Our results suggest that C. rhizoma may have an anticachectic effect on esophageal cancer and an effect is associated with the ability of berberine to down-regulate tumor IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iizuka
- Department of Bioregulatory Function, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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Marinova EK, Nikolova DB, Popova DN, Gallacher GB, Ivanovska ND. Suppression of experimental autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis in BALB/c mice by berberine. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 48:9-16. [PMID: 10822084 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BB) is a protoberberine alkaloid derived from various representatives of the Berberidaceae family. Although used as a therapeutic agent, it has not been applied in the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. In the present study, BB was administered at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days before the induction of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) by injection of bovine tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigen in BALB/c mice. The animals were investigated 2 months after TBM inoculation. The intensity of pathological injuries in animals with TIN+BB decreased significantly, an effect that correlated with the improvement of renal function. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells showed that BB caused a decrease in the number of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and sIg(+) lymphocytes in comparison with TIN mice. The same tendency was noticed in the lymphocytes from kidney infiltrates of treated animals. The control animals treated only with BB showed a decrease in the number of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T-lymphocytes in comparison with control nontreated mice. Our results, thus, indicate that BB has an immunosuppressive effect in the TIN model, which is an analogue of various human kidney autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Marinova
- Institute of Cell Biology and Morphology, IEMA, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev, Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Iizuka N, Miyamoto K, Okita K, Tangoku A, Hayashi H, Yosino S, Abe T, Morioka T, Hazama S, Oka M. Inhibitory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine on the proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2000; 148:19-25. [PMID: 10680588 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the herbal medicine, Oren-to, had antitumor effects on esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to examine which of the seven constituents of Oren-to had antitumor effects on esophageal cancer cells. MTT assay showed that, of the seven constituents, only the aqueous extract of Coptidis Rhizoma had potent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of two types of ECC lines, YES-3 and YES-4. In addition, the proliferation of all six types of ECC lines (YES-1 to YES-6) was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001 for all), when co-cultured at each concentration of Coptidis Rhizoma for 72 h. The ID50 of Coptidis Rhizoma for YES-1 to YES-6 was 2.2 microg/ml, 3.0 microg/ml, 0.25 microg/ml, 2.8 microg/ml, 2.5 microg/ml, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, berberine, one of protoberberine components of Coptidis Rhizoma, showed potent antitumor effects on all six types of ECC lines as well as Coptidis Rhizoma. In addition, the ID50 of berberine showed a positive correlation with that of Coptidis Rhizoma in six types of ECC lines examined (r2 = 0.763, P = 0.023). Cell cycle analysis of Coptidis Rhizoma-treated cancer cells showed the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and relative decrease of the S phase. These results support the possibility that the use of Coptidis Rhizoma containing abundant berberine may be useful as one of alternative therapies for esophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iizuka
- Department of Bioregulatory Function, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Shabalina IG, Panaretakis T, Bergstrand A, DePierre JW. Effects of the rodent peroxisome proliferator and hepatocarcinogen, perfluorooctanoic acid, on apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:2237-46. [PMID: 10590214 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.12.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a potent hepatocarcinogen and peroxisome proliferator in rodents, on human cells have not yet been examined. In the present study we demonstrate that treatment of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells with PFOA induces apoptosis, as well as perturbs the cell cycle. This apoptosis was characterized by electron microscopy, which revealed typical nucleosomal fragmentation (also observed as a 'DNA ladder' upon electrophoresis on agarose) and was quantitated using propidium iodide staining of cellular DNA and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. This process was dose- and time-dependent: apoptosis became manifest with 200 microM and maximal (45% of the cells) upon exposure to 450 microM PFOA for 24 h. Electrophoresis of the DNA from HepG2 cells exposed to 500 microM PFOA for 24 h or to 400 microM PFOA for 48 h revealed a smear typical of non-specific degradation. These findings indicate that in the presence of high concentrations of PFOA for long times, HepG2 cells undergo primary and secondary necrosis. Quantitation of trypan blue exclusion supported this conclusion. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cell cycle of HepG2 cells was perturbed by exposure to 50-150 microM PFOA. A 50 microM concentration resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of G(2)/M cells and, simultaneously, a decrease in the number of cells in the S phase, whereas treatment with 100 or 150 microM PFOA increased the proportion of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase and decreased the number of cells in the G(2)/M and S phases. Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis-associated DNA strand breaks using the TUNEL procedure and of propidium iodide staining of cellular DNA revealed DNA breaks in HepG2 cells exposed to 150 microM PFOA, prior to nuclear fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Shabalina
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lin HL, Liu TY, Wu CW, Chi CW. Berberine modulates expression of mdr1 gene product and the responses of digestive track cancer cells to Paclitaxel. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:416-22. [PMID: 10507765 PMCID: PMC2362909 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is the major constituent of Coptis chinese and is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine to treat patients with gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, using flow cytometry, we have found that a 24-h berberine treatment up-regulated the multidrug-resistant transporter (pgp-170) expression in two oral (KB, OC2), two gastric (SC-M1, NUGC-3) and two colon (COLO 205, CT 26) cancer cell lines. Decreased retention of rhodamine 123 was observed in berberine-treated cells as compared to vehicle control. To examine whether the berberine modulated pgp-170 expression in cancer cells is associated with changes in drug resistance, we determined the cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression and cell morphology of Paclitaxel-treated cells. Paclitaxel (1 nM-10 microM) treatment for 24 h induced cytotoxicity in OC2, SC-M1 and COLO 205 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of cells with 32 microM berberine for 24 h prior to Paclitaxel treatment resulted in increased viability as compared to that of Paclitaxel-treated cells. In addition, Paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and/or G2/M arrest in these three cancer cell lines. Pretreatment of cells with berberine prior to Paclitaxel blocked the Paclitaxel-induced cell cycle responses and morphological changes. These results together suggest that berberine modulated the expression and function of pgp-170 that leads to reduced response to Paclitaxel in digestive track cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lin
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin HL, Liu TY, Lui WY, Chi CW. Up-regulation of multidrug resistance transporter expression by berberine in human and murine hepatoma cells. Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990501)85:9%3c1937::aid-cncr9%3e3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lin HL, Liu TY, Lui WY, Chi CW. Up-regulation of multidrug resistance transporter expression by berberine in human and murine hepatoma cells. Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990501)85:9<1937::aid-cncr9>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wu SN, Yu HS, Jan CR, Li HF, Yu CL. Inhibitory effects of berberine on voltage- and calcium-activated potassium currents in human myeloma cells. Life Sci 1998; 62:2283-94. [PMID: 9651117 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, were investigated in human myeloma cells. In cells with intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) = 10 nM, the depolarizing square pulses from -80 mV elicited an instantaneous outward current with an inactivation. This outward current was voltage dependent, activating at -30 mV and showed inactivation with repetitive depolarization, and was hence believed to be n type voltage-activated K+ current (IK(V)). Berberine (30 microM) produced a prolongation in the recovery of IK(V) inactivation. In cells with [Ca2+]i = 1 microM, berberine also inhibited A23187-induced IK(Ca). Berberine (1-300 microM) caused the inhibition of IK(V) and IK(Ca) in the concentration-dependent manners. The IC50 values of berberine-induced inhibition of IK(V) and IK(Ca) were approximately 15 microM and 50 microM, respectively. In inside-out configurations, berberine inside the pipette suppressed the activity of K(Ca) channels without changing the single channel conductance. Berberine also inhibited the proliferation of this cell line and the IC50 value of berberine-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was 5 microM. Thus, the cytotoxic effect of berberine in cancer cells may be partially explained by its direct blockade of these K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Wu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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