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Helmy WA, Ragab TIM, Salama BM, Basha M, Shamma R, Abd El-Rahman SS, Shawky H. Novel naringin tablet formulations of agro-resides based nano/micro crystalline cellulose with neuroprotective and Alzheimer ameliorative potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123060. [PMID: 36632961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare micro/nanocrystalline cellulose-loaded naringin (NAR) tablets and evaluate their neuro-protective/therapeutic potentials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Micro/nanocellulose was prepared from different agro-wastes, and the different cellulose preparations were then used to formulate eight oral tablets of naringin micro/nanoparticles by direct compression. AD-like symptoms were induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by co-administration of 150 mg/kg AlCl3 and 300 mg/kg D-galactose (oral administration/one week), and NAR tablets were assessed for neuroprotective/therapeutic potentials in terms of behavioral changes, levels of neurodegenerative and inflammatory markers, brain redox status, neurotransmitter tones, and cortex/hippocampus histopathological alterations. NAR treatments have significantly reversed the neurotoxic effect of AlCl3 as demonstrated by improved spatial and cognitive memory functions and promoted antioxidant defense mechanisms in treated AD animals. Also, the neurodegeneration was markedly restrained as reflected by marked histopathological enhancement, and prevention/amelioration of neuropsychiatric disorders, besides the restorative effect on dysregulated neurotransmitters tone. Both NAR tablet forms showed an overall higher ameliorative effect compared to the DPZ reference drug. The formulated tablets represent promising neuroprotective/therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Helmy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Bassem M Salama
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Basha
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Eleni St., Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba Shawky
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
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Smach MA, Zarrouk A, Hafsa J, Gaffrej H, Ben Abdallah J, Charfeddine B, Limem K. Maillard Reaction Products and Phenolic Compounds from Roasted Peanut Flour Extracts Prevent Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Via Cholinergic Modulation and Antioxidative Effects in Mice. J Med Food 2020; 24:645-652. [PMID: 33035147 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the beneficial effects of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and phenolic compounds derived from roasted peanut flour on the nervous system remains insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 28-day oral administration of defatted peanut extract rich in MPRs and polyphenolic compounds on the cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by scopolamine in a mouse model. Light and dark extracts from peanut flour were prepared by heating peanuts at 187°C for two different times (8.6 and 12.7 min) and defatted using soxhlet apparatus. The mice were orally pretreated with either roasted defatted peanuts extracts (100 mg/kg) or donepezil (3 mg/kg) for 21 days. On day 19 and until day 28, mice were injected subcutaneously with water or scopolamine (1 mg/kg body weight) 15 min after roasted defatted peanuts extracts/water feeding. Mice were subsequently subjected to a battery of behavioral tests including open field locomotor activity assay, and Morris water maze test. Brain tissues were collected to measure acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, and oxidative parameters (glutathione and malondialdehyde). Roasted defatted peanuts (light and dark) (100 mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated cognitive performance and reversed the oxidative damage when compared with the scopolamine group. These data demonstrate the defatted peanuts extracts exert potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Smach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Aliments and vascular Health', UR12ES05 Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Hafsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Henda Gaffrej
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Ben Abdallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Charfeddine
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khalifa Limem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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3
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Scopolamine-induced greater alterations in neurochemical profile and increased oxidative stress demonstrated a better model of dementia: A comparative study. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:234-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lakehayli S, Said N, El Khachibi M, El Ouahli M, Nadifi S, Hakkou F, Tazi A. Prenatal stress alters diazepam withdrawal syndrome and 5HT1A receptor expression in the raphe nuclei of adult rats. Neuroscience 2016; 330:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pretreatment with curcumin attenuates anxiety while strengthens memory performance after one short stress experience in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2015; 115:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Haider S, Anis L, Batool Z, Sajid I, Naqvi F, Khaliq S, Ahmed S. Short term cadmium administration dose dependently elicits immediate biochemical, neurochemical and neurobehavioral dysfunction in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:83-92. [PMID: 24976490 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic environmental and industrial pollutant. Cadmium toxicity has been reported to produce biochemical and behavioral dysfunction that may cause adverse effects on several organs including the central nervous system. The present study was designed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) at three different doses by using different behavioral models. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were also monitored following acute intraperitoneal injection of cadmium. Twenty four adult locally bred Albino Wistar rats were divided into control and 3 test groups (n = 6). Control rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline (0.9% NaCl) and test groups were injected with CdCl2 (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) dissolved in physiological solution. Behavioral activities of rats were monitored after 1 h of cadmium injection. Locomotor activity and depression-like symptoms were measured by Open Field Test (OFT) and Forced Swimming Test (FST) respectively. Anxiety like behavior was monitored using Light-dark Transition (LDT) test and memory functions of rats were assessed by Morris Water Maze test (MWM). In the present study acute cadmium administration dose dependently increased anxiety in rats as compared to control rats. A significant increase in depression-like symptoms was also exhibited by cadmium treated rats. These behavioral dysfunctions may be attributed to the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and simultaneously increased brain lipid peroxidation (LPO). Moreover learning and memory assessed by MWM showed dose dependent impairment in memory function in cadmium treated rats as compared to control rats. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also decreased in brains of cadmium administered rats. It is suggested in this study that behavioral, biochemical and neurochemical dysfunctions caused by acute cadmium administration occur in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan,
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Ho PS, Ho KKJ, Huang WS, Yen CH, Shih MC, Shen LH, Ma KH, Huang SY. Association study of serotonin transporter availability and SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res 2013; 212:216-22. [PMID: 23149035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is hypothesized to be an important component of the pathophysiology of major depression (MD). The aim of this study was to use [(123)I]ADAM single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to explore whether SERT availability in four regions of the brain (striatum, thalamus, midbrain and pons) is different in patients with MD and healthy individuals. The effects of three genetic variants (rs25531, rs6354 and STin2) of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) on SERT availability were also investigated. This study included 40 MD patients and 12 controls. The mean specific uptake ratio (SUR) values in the thalamus differed significantly between MD patients and controls. Genetic variants of SLC6A4, age, gender, severity of depression, and smoking behavior did not influence SERT availability. SERT availability might be a useful biomarker of the development of MD; however, a larger sample size is needed to provide more concrete evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Haider S, Ahmed S, Tabassum S, Memon Z, Ikram M, Haleem DJ. Streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency leads to development of behavioral deficits in rats. Acta Neurol Belg 2013; 113:35-41. [PMID: 22878975 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-012-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common serious metabolic disorders in humans that develops due to diminished production of insulin (type I) or resistance to its effect (type II and gestational). The present study was designed to determine the neuropsychological deficits produced following streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Rats were made diabetic by the intra-peritoneal administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) which induces type-1 diabetes by the destruction "β-cells" of pancreas. Body weight, food and water intake was monitored daily. Open field test (OFT) model, forced swim test (FST) and Morris water maze (MWM) model were performed for the evaluation of ambulation, depression-like symptoms and memory effects, respectively. After 10 days of diabetes induction the exploratory activity of rats was monitored by OFT while depression-like symptoms and memory effects in rats were analyzed by FST and MWM. Results showed that there was no significant effect of STZ-induced diabetes on body weight but food and water intake of STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly increased. Exploratory activity was significantly decreased and short-term and long-term memory was significantly impaired while the depression-like symptoms was significantly increased in STZ diabetic rats. Thus, it may be suggested that STZ-induced diabetes alters the brain functions and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of certain behavioral deficits like depression, impaired learning and memory functions related to diabetes. This finding may be of relevance in the pathophysiology and in the clinical picture, which could be related to an altered brain serotonin metabolism and neurotransmission and may possibly be related to neuropsychiatric disorders in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Ho PS, Shih MC, Ma KH, Huang WS, Ho KKJ, Yen CH, Lu RB, Huang SY. Availability of the serotonin transporter in patients with alcohol dependence. World J Biol Psychiatry 2011; 12:134-42. [PMID: 20642399 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2010.503813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence has suggested that the serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence, anxiety and depression and that polymorphisms of the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) may influence the SERT. This study evaluated the differences in SERT availability between healthy controls and alcoholic patients and the impact of 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms on SERT availability. METHODS Eleven healthy controls and 28 alcoholic patients were recruited. SERT availability was measured in vivo with single photon emission computed tomography and (123)I-labelled 2-((2-((dimethyl-amino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine in the midbrain, thalamus and striatum. Each subject was genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, there was a significantly lower availability of SERT in the midbrain among patients with pure alcohol dependence (pure ALC). Of patients with anxiety, depression and alcohol dependence (ANX/DEPALC), the carriers of one L(A) allele showed a significantly higher availability of SERT in the striatum compared to non-L(A) carriers. After Bonferroni correction, these significances vanished. There were no significant differences in SERT availability between controls and ANX/DEP ALC. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that pure alcoholics may have lower SERT availability in the midbrain; the 5HTTLPR polymorphism may influence SERT availability in ANX/DEP ALC. These findings may serve as a springboard for future large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Moghadamnia AA, Zangoori V, Zargar-Nattaj SS, Tayebi P, Moghadamnia Y, Jorsaraei SGA. Effect of breastfeeding piperine on the learning of offspring mice: interaction with caffeine and diazepam. J Exp Pharmacol 2010; 2:111-20. [PMID: 27186097 PMCID: PMC4863376 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine, the main alkaloid of black pepper (Piper nigrum), has been suggested to display several pharmacological properties, including pain relief, anticonvulsant, antidepressant-like, antianxiety, sedative, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of piperine on learning in mice and the interaction of the effect with caffeine and diazepam. Piperine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was injected into the mouse mothers or nursing dams during breastfeeding for 25 days at five-day intervals. After feeding the newborn mice, their learning was evaluated using a step-through passive avoidance task. Mouse learning was assessed 1 hr and 24 hr and 1 week after a training session. Piperine increased learning in the first (1 hr: 243.33 s vs 55.17 s, P = 0.002) and third assessments (1 week: 226 s vs 97 s, P < 0.05) post-training, but no significant change was seen at the second (24 hr) assessment. Piperine improved the effect of a low dose of caffeine (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally after a shock of 2 s duration) in a first assessment (295.17 s vs 149.17 s, P = 0.026) compared to a higher dose of caffeine. Piperine reversed diazepam (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) suppression of learning 24 hours after training by a 4 s shock (298 s vs 135.67 s, P = 0.03). According to the results, piperine alone significantly increased learning 1 hour and 1 week after training assessments, and learning can be improved in the short term when followed by piperine administration. It was also shown that piperine can potentiate the effect of a low dose of caffeine and can reverse the effect of diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Alzzahra University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Alzzahra University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Zangoori
- Department of Pharmacology, Alzzahra University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pooya Tayebi
- Department of Pharmacology, Alzzahra University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Moghadamnia
- Department of Physics, Alzzahra University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khan A, Haleem DJ. Tolerance in the anxiolytic profile following repeated administration of diazepam but not buspirone is associated with a decrease in the responsiveness of postsynaptic 5-HT-1A receptors. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2007; 58:345-57. [PMID: 18277461 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.58.2007.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)-1A receptors in the treatment of anxiety and the development of tolerance to benzodiazepines the present study was designed to monitor the responsiveness of postsynaptic 5-HT-1A receptors following repeated administration of diazepam and buspirone. Results show that tolerance in the anxiolytic profile is produced following repeated administration (2 weeks) of diazepam (2 mg/kg) but not buspirone (0.5 mg/kg). The behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg were monitored 3 days after repeated administration of saline or buspirone or diazepam. The results show that 8-OH-DPAT elicited forepaw treading was smaller in repeated diazepam but not repeated buspirone injected rats, while hyperlocomotive effects of 8-OH-DPAT were smaller in both repeated buspirone and repeated diazepam injected rats. The results suggest that postsynaptic 5-HT-1A receptor-dependent responses were attenuated following long-term administration of diazepam but not buspirone. Role of 5-HT-1A receptors in the development of tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of diazepam but not buspirone is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
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Fukumitsu N, Ogi S, Uchiyama M, Mori Y. Benzodiazepine effect of 125I-iomazenil–benzodiazepine receptor binding and serum corticosterone level in a rat model. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 32:95-100. [PMID: 15691666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To test the change in free or unoccupied benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) density in response to diazepam, we investigated (125)I-iomazenil ((125)I-IMZ) binding and serum corticosterone levels in a rat model. Wistar male rats, which received psychological stress using a communication box for 5 days, were divided into two groups according to the amount of administered diazepam: no diazepam [D (0)] group and 10 mg/kg per day [D (10)] group of 12 rats each. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of (125)I-IMZ of the D (10) group were significantly lower (P < .05) than those of the D (0) group in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. The serum corticosterone level ratio in the D (10) group was significantly lower than that in the D (0) group (P < .05). From the change in serum corticosterone levels, diazepam attenuated the psychological stress produced by the physical stress to animals in adjacent compartments. From the reduced binding of (125)I-IMZ, it is clear that diazepam competed with endogenous ligand for the free BZR sites, and the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus are important areas in which (125)I-IMZ binding is strongly affected by administration of diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-8575, Japan.
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Pomara N, Willoughby LM, Hashim A, Sershen H, Sidtis JJ, Wesnes K, Greenblatt DJ, Lajtha A. Effects of acute lorazepam administration on aminergic activity in normal elderly subjects: relationship to performance effects and apolipoprotein genotype. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:1391-8. [PMID: 15202770 DOI: 10.1023/b:nere.0000026402.09466.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of acute lorazepam challenges on plasma (p) HVA, MHPG, and 5-HIAA, and their relationship to drug-induced cognitive and motor deficits and the apolipoprotein (APOE)-epsilon4 allele were examined. Eighteen healthy elderly (8 epsilon4 carriers) received placebo or acute oral lorazepam doses (0.5 mg or 1 mg) in random sequence, 1-week apart. Cognitive assessment and plasma levels of pHVA, pMHPG, and p5-HIAA were determined at baseline and at 1, 2.5, and 5 h postchallenge. There was no drug-to-placebo difference in monoamine levels and no consistent relationship between changes in monoamine levels and cognitive performance, regardless of epsilon4 status. However, the 1.0 mg dose increased p5-HIAA in epsilon4 carriers, whereas it caused a reduction in noncarriers. Higher baseline pMHPG and p5-HIAA levels were associated with better baseline memory. The epsilon4 allele may modulate the effect of lorazepam on p5-HIAA, but further studies are needed to confirm this finding and elucidate its possible significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Program, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA.
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Bentué-Ferrer D, Reymann JM, Tribut O, Allain H, Vasar E, Bourin M. Role of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems on behavioral stimulatory effects of low-dose alprazolam and lorazepam. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11:41-50. [PMID: 11226811 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(00)00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that alprazolam and lorazepam, administered at low doses to healthy volunteers, improve cognitive functions and psychomotor performances. Paradoxical effects of low-dose benzodiazepines have been also observed in mice, in experimental pharmacology. The aim of this work was to determine, in rat, the effect of similar low-doses of benzodiazepines on spontaneous locomotor activity and performance in the elevated zero-maze, and to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. The dose-effect and the time-course of the action were studied for both compounds. Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured using a photoelectric actimeter. The level of anxiety of the animals was assessed in the elevated zero-maze. Dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites were assayed in the extracellular striatal fluid of the awake rat, obtained by microdialysis, by HPLC--EC. Spontaneous locomotor activity observed in rats given low-dose alprazolam and lorazepam evidenced a stimulatory effect only with alprazolam. The effect was maximum 90 min after administration of 0.0050 mg/kg alprazolam. An anxiogenic-like action was evidenced with the elevated zero-maze for the two compounds. We observed a statistically significant increase in striatal dopamine concentrations only with alprazolam, during the period corresponding to the behavioral stimulatory effects. We also showed a marked trend towards increased levels of serotonin with alprazolam but this modification was not significant, in spite of statistically significant variations of 5-HIAA. In the rat, behavioral stimulatory effects of low-dose benzodiazepines is evidenced with alprazolam but not lorazepam. This effect could be explained, at least in part, by increased extracellular dopamine concentrations in the striatum. Their different structures could explain the different pattern observed for the two benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bentué-Ferrer
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Siemiatkowski M, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Członkowska AI, Bidziński A, Płaźnik A. Effects of buspirone, diazepam, and zolpidem on open field behavior, and brain [3H]muscimol binding after buspirone pretreatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2000; 66:645-51. [PMID: 10899383 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist buspirone, a nonselective (diazepam), and a selective (zolpidem) GABA(A) receptor agonist were compared in the open field test of neophobia. Unhabituated rats were pretreated with the drugs once, prior to a first exposure to the open field, and their behavior was recorded both during this test and during a second trial 24 h later. It has been hypothesized that the decrease in exploratory activity observed during the second test session may be considered an adaptive reaction to the first day aversive experience (neophobia). If so, a selective modulation of 5-HT and GABA systems activity during the test could bring about significant changes in animal behavior on the retest. Buspirone at the lowest dose of 0.3 mg/kg revealed anxiolytic-like properties on the first day, whereas the action of diazepam and zolpidem was modulated by the dose-related sedative effect. At the dose of 2.4 mg/kg buspirone elicited delayed in time anxiolytic-like action, i.e., produced the antithigmotactic effect during the retrial 24 h later. Diazepam and zolpidem failed to exhibit similar profile of action. Autoradiography of [3H]muscimol binding after pretreatment of rats with buspirone showed a significant increase in the selective radioligand binding within the frontal cortex and a similar, near-significant tendency in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The behavioral data validate buspirone as important drug for the treatment of anxiety disorders, devoid of disruptive influence on motor and cognitive processes. The open field test, as modified by us, appeared sensitive in distinguishing the behavioral profiles of action of different anxiolytic compounds, including 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist. The present results support the assumption that reduced turnover of 5-HT due to stimulation of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors, may bring about changes in GABA(A) receptor system activity, in some brain structures, leading to the anxiolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siemiatkowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 1/9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
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