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Kırmızı D, Sehirli AÖ, Sayiner S, Orhan K, Sebai A, Aksoy U. Effects of melatonin against experimentally induced apical periodontitis in rats. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38509787 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory condition resulting from microbial invasion in the root canal system, causing periapical tissue destruction and bone resorption. This study investigated melatonin's effects, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on experimentally induced apical periodontitis in rats. Three groups of rats were studied: control, apical periodontitis and apical periodontitis with melatonin treatment. Proinflammatory cytokines and enzyme levels in blood serum were measured, and micro-CT analysis assessed bone resorption. Results showed significantly elevated cytokines and enzyme levels in the apical periodontitis group compared to the control. However, in the melatonin-treated group, these levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.01-0.001). Micro-CT analysis indicated decreased periapical resorption cavity volume and surface area with melatonin treatment. This suggests that systemic melatonin administration can mitigate inflammation and reduce bone resorption in experimentally induced apical periodontitis in rats, potentially holding promise for human endodontic disease treatment pending further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kırmızı
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - A Ö Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - S Sayiner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - K Orhan
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Sebai
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - U Aksoy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
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Duarte Faria F, Cantiga-Silva C, Cardoso CDBM, da Silva Machado NE, de Oliveira PHC, Justo MP, Goto J, de Castilho Jacinto R, Sivieri-Araújo G, Cintra LTA. Influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on the development and progression of induced apical periodontitis in Wistar rats. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00908-2. [PMID: 38457086 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on the development and progression of induced apical periodontitis (AP) in Wistar rats. Fifty-six rats were submitted to pulp exposure of the lower left first molar for the induction of AP. On the same day, intraperitoneal antibiotic therapy was administered once a day, for 15 days, until euthanasia. The groups were formed according to the different treatments (n = 8): C-control; GEN-treated with gentamicin (10 mg/Kg); AC-treated with amoxicillin (100 mg/Kg); MZ-treated with metronidazole (40 mg/Kg); AMP-treated with ampicillin (100 mg/Kg); AMC group-treated with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (100 mg/kg); CLI-treated with clindamycin (60 mg/kg). After euthanasia, the jaws were collected and processed for (1) histological and histometric analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining, (2) analysis of collagen fibers using Picrosirius Red staining and (3) bacteriological analysis using Brown-Brenn staining. The data were analyzed statistically (p < 0.05). AP induction was confirmed in all groups. The AMC group had the lower intensity of inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.028) and less periapical bone resorption compared to control (p = 0.006). Regarding collagen maturation, PSR staining revealed a predominance of mature collagen fibers in all groups. The AC and AMC groups had the lower amount of mature fibers and the highest amount of immature fibers, compared to all other groups (p < 0.001). All groups showed bacterial contamination; however, the AC and AMC groups showed a lower extent of bacterial contamination compared to the control (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that systemic antibiotic therapy influences the development and progression of induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Duarte Faria
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cantiga-Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Barros Morais Cardoso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Nathália Evelyn da Silva Machado
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Chaves de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pagliusi Justo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Juliana Goto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araújo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Lin S, Marvidou AM, Novak R, Moreinos D, Abbott PV, Rotstein I. Pathogenesis of non-infection related inflammatory root resorption in permanent teeth: A narrative review. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1432-1445. [PMID: 37712904 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of action of root resorption in a permanent tooth can be classified as infection-related (e.g., microbial infection) or non-infection-related (e.g., sterile damage). Infection induced root resorption occurs due to bacterial invasion. Non-infection-related root resorption stimulates the immune system through a different mechanism. OBJECTIVES The aim of this narrative review is to describe the pathophysiologic process of non-infection-related inflammatory processes involved in root resorption of permanent teeth. METHODS A literature search on root resorption was conducted using Scopus (PubMed and Medline) and Google Scholar databases to highlight the pathophysiology of bone and root resorption in non-infection-related situations. The search included key words covering the relevant category. It included in vitro and in vivo studies, systematic reviews, case series, reviews, and textbooks in English. Conference proceedings, lectures and letters to the editor were excluded. RESULTS Three types of root resorption are related to the non-infection mechanism of action, which includes surface resorption due to either trauma or excessive orthodontic forces, external replacement resorption and external cervical resorption. The triggers are usually damage associated molecular patterns and hypoxia conditions. During this phase macrophages and clastic cells act to eliminate the damaged tissue and bone, eventually enabling root resorption and bone repair as part of wound healing. DISCUSSION The resorption of the root occurs during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. In this phase, damaged tissues are recognized by macrophages and neutrophiles that secrete interlaukines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8. Together with the hypoxia condition that accelarates the secretion of growth factors, the repair of the damaged perioduntiom, including damaged bone, is initiated. If the precementum and cementoblast are injured, root resorption can occur. CONCLUSIONS Wound healing exhibits different patterns of action that involves immune stimulation in a bio-physiological activity, that occurs in the proper sequence, with overlapping phases. Two pathologic conditions, DAMPs and hypoxia, can activate the immune cells including clastic cells, eliminating damaged tissue and bone. Under certain conditions, root resorption occurs as a side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Lin
- The Israeli National Center for Trauma & Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Endodontics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Athina M Marvidou
- Department of Endodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rostislav Novak
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Orthopedic Department, Orthopedic Oncology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Moreinos
- Endodontic Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Paul Vincent Abbott
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ilan Rotstein
- University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
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Santos RMD, Machado NEDS, Cantiga-Silva C, Belardi BE, Tsosura TVS, Chiba FY, Tessarin GWL, Mattera MSDLC, Nobumoto ACTY, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA, Matsushita DH. Modulatory influence of melatonin on apical periodontitis in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105749. [PMID: 37320884 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the influence of high-fat diet (HFD) and melatonin (MEL) treatment on the progression of inflammation and alveolar bone resorption (ABR) in rats with AP. DESIGN Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: apical periodontitis (AP), HFDAP, APMEL and HFDAPMEL. The animals were fed an HFD or standard diet for 107 days. On the 7th day, the rats were subjected to AP, and after 70 days, the rats in the MEL groups were treated with MEL for 30 days. Post treatment, the animals were euthanized, and their jaws were retrieved for evaluation of bone resorption, intensity of the inflammatory response, and immunohistochemical analysis including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. RESULTS The APMEL group showed reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate and IL-1β expression relation to HFDAP, while the TNF-α levels did not differ among the groups. The HFDAP group showed an increase in the ABR. MEL reduced the TRAP levels in the APMEL and HFDAPMEL groups. CONCLUSIONS while MEL could reduce TRAP levels in the APMEL and HFDAPMEL groups, the reduction in the HFDAPMEL group was smaller than that in the APMEL group, demonstrating that the interaction between AP and HFD decreased the anti-resorptive effects of MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Evelyn da Silva Machado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cantiga-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Elvira Belardi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; North University Center of São Paulo, Unorte, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Thalez Ywabuchi Nobumoto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Matsushita
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Bolat N, Erzurumlu Y, Aşcı H, Özmen Ö, Üreyen Kaya B. Selenium ameliorates inflammation by decreasing autophagic flux and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling on experimentally induced rat periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2023; 56:227-244. [PMID: 36314140 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the molecular mechanisms that targets mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and the autophagic flux and to investigate the possible effects of the systemic administration of selenium (Se) on experimentally induced rat periapical lesions. METHODOLOGY Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into negative control, positive control and Se groups. In the positive control and Se groups, the pulp chambers of their mandibular first molars were exposed to the oral environment to induce periapical lesions The Se group received daily intraperitoneal injections of Se at a dose of 0.1 mg kg-1 . After 28 days, the amount of bone destruction; severity of inflammation; penetration of microorganisms along the root canal; collagen degradation in periodontal ligament; interleukin (IL)-6, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and caspase-3 expression; autophagic flux; and p38 MAPK signalling were evaluated using radiographic, histopathological, Gram staining, picrosirius red stain, immunohistochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods, respectively. These data were analysed through the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett's tests (p < .05). RESULTS The area of radiographic periapical bone loss, histopathological scores, the area of periapical bone loss and the scores for the bacteria localisation, the intensity of immunohistochemical staining for IL-6, HIF-1, COX-2 and caspase-3 in the Se group was significantly less than those of the positive control group (p < .01). The mRNA expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg16L1 were lower in the Se group than in the positive control group (p < .01). The protein expressions of Beclin-1, Atg5 and LC3-II, the phosphorylation ratio of the p38 MAPK and the ratios of LC3II/LC3I were significantly higher (p < .05) in the positive control and Se groups. On the contrary, the expression of the p62/SQSTM1 protein was significantly lower (p < .05) in the positive control and Se groups than in the negative control group. CONCLUSION The induction of periapical lesions in rats increased autophagic flux and activated p38 MAPK signal transduction processes. Se suppressed the inflammatory process, reduced bone destruction and both the autophagic flux and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Bolat
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yalçin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Aşcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Bulem Üreyen Kaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Progress of LPS-induced apical lesion in rat immature mandibular molars. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Melatonin decreases IRF-3 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle, reduces IL-1β and LPS plasma concentrations, and improves the lipid profile in rats with apical periodontitis fed on a high-fat diet. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00782-w. [PMID: 36567367 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of melatonin (MEL) on the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4); myeloid differentiation primary response protein-88 (MyD88); TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF); IFN regulatory-factor-3 (IRF-3); nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB); plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and lipid profile of rats with apical periodontitis (AP) fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Eighty 60-day-old rats were divided into eight groups: control, AP, HFD, HFDAP, CNMEL, APMEL, HFDMEL and HFDAPMEL. HFD groups were fed on a HFD for 107 days. On day 7, experimental AP was induced in the AP groups, and after 70 days, MEL (5 mg/kg) was administered to the MEL groups for 30 days. Plasma concentrations of LPS and IL-1β were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the lipid profile was analyzed using biochemical tests. The expression of proteins involved in the TLR4 pathway (TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, IRF-3 and NF-κB) in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) was evaluated using western blotting and qRT-PCR. Treatment with MEL decreased IRF-3 protein expression in GM and IL-1β plasma concentration in the APMEL and HFDMEL groups. Reduction in LPS plasma concentration was reported only in the HFDMEL group. Additionally, a decrease in LDL and an increase in HDL were observed in the HFDMEL and HFDAPMEL groups. Treatment with MEL exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effects attributed to HFD and AP by reducing the plasma concentrations of IL-1β and LPS in addition to reducing IRF-3 protein expression in the GM, which is associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Peng M, Ma X, Cao Y, Wang C, Tan Q, Chu X, Zhou P, Fu T, Liang P, Ran S, He TC, Wang J, Huang E. Comparison of the biomechanical differences in the occlusal movement of wild-type and BMP9 knockout mice with apical periodontitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1036061. [PMID: 36324890 PMCID: PMC9618864 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1036061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is a common clinical disease caused by bacteria; bacterial metabolites can cause an imbalance in bone homeostasis, bone mass reduction, and tooth loss. Bone resorption in apical periodontitis causes a concentration of stress in the tooth and periodontal tissues during occlusion, which aggravates the disease. Emerging evidence indicates that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2(Gdf2), may play an important role in tooth and dentoalveolar development. Herein, we investigated the role of BMP9 in the development of apical periodontitis and its effects on the biomechanics of dentoalveolar bone. Apical periodontitis models were established in five BMP9 knockout (KO) mice and five C57BL/6 WT (wild-type) mice. At baseline and 14, 28, and 42 days after modeling, in vivo micro-computed tomography analysis and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction were performed to evaluate the apical lesion in each mouse, and confirm that the animal models were successfully established. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to study the stress and strain at the alveolar fossa of each mouse under the same vertical and lateral stress. FEA revealed that the stress and strain at the alveolar fossa of each mouse gradually concentrated on the tooth cervix. The stress and strain at the tooth cervix gradually increased with time but were decreased at day 42. Under the same lingual loading, the maximum differences of the stress and strain at the tooth root in KO mice were greater than those in WT mice. Thus, these findings demonstrate that BMP9 could affect the biomechanical response of the alveolar fossa at the tooth root in mice with apical periodontitis. Moreover, the effects of BMP9 on the biomechanical response of the alveolar bone may be site-dependent. Overall, this work contributes to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and may inform the development of new treatment strategies for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Chu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shidian Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Wang, ; Enyi Huang,
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Wang, ; Enyi Huang,
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Tazawa K, Azuma Presse MM, Furusho H, Stashenko P, Sasaki H. Revisiting the role of IL-1 signaling in the development of apical periodontitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:985558. [PMID: 36938490 PMCID: PMC10021022 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.985558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) develops as a result of an immune response to pulpal bacterial infection, and various cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of AP, with Interleukin (IL)-1 being considered a key cytokine. The role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of AP has been well studied. It is known that IL-1 expression in periapical lesions correlates closely with the development of AP. IL-1 is a potent bone-resorptive cytokine that induces osteoclast formation and activation. Hence, inhibiting its signaling with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) results in a reduction in periapical lesion size. On the other hand, IL-1 is also a central cytokine that combats bacterial infection by activating innate immune responses. Therefore, a complete loss of IL-1 signaling leads to a failure to limit bacterial dissemination and consequently exacerbates AP. In vivo, IL-1 expression is tightly regulated and its signaling is modulated to optimize the immune response. Obesity causes systemic low-grade chronic inflammation and increases the risk of cardiovascular, renal, and other disorders. In experimentally induced AP, obesity significantly increases periapical bone loss, albeit the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent technological innovations have enabled more comprehensive and detailed analyses than previously, leading to new insights into the role of IL-1RA in regulating IL-1 signaling, and modulating apical lesion progression in obesity. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the function of IL-1 in AP development, with special emphasis on the latest findings in normal weight and obese states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Tazawa
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariane Maffei Azuma Presse
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Philip Stashenko
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine and Department of Endodontics, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Li FC, Hussein H, Magalhaes M, Selvaganapathy PR, Kishen A. Deciphering Stem Cell from Apical Papilla - Macrophage Choreography using a Novel 3D Organoid System. J Endod 2022; 48:1063-1072.e7. [PMID: 35513088 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune cell - mesenchymal stem cell crosstalk modulates the process of repair and regeneration. In this study, a novel heterogenous cell containing matrix based three-dimensional (3D) tissue-construct was employed to study the interactions between stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) and macrophage for a comprehensive understanding on the cellular signalling mechanisms guiding inflammation and repair. METHODS SCAP and macrophages were seeded with collagen in 3D printed molds to generate self-assembled tissue-constructs, which were exposed to three conditions: no stimulation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) from 0 to 14 days. Specimens from each group were evaluated for cellular interactions, inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, MDC, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, IL-1RA, IL-10), expression of surface markers (CD80, 206), transcription factors (pSTAT1, pSTAT6) and SCAP differentiation markers (DSPP, DMP-1, and alizarin red) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and multiplex cytokine profiling from 2 to 14 days. RESULTS SCAP and macrophages displayed a cytokine-mediated interaction and differentiation characteristics. The increased pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines: IL-1β, TNF-α, MDC and MIP-1β in the earlier phase followed by the higher ratio of pSTAT6/pSTAT1 and decreased CD206 (p<0.05), indicated a distinct polarization behavior in macrophages during repair in LPS group. Conversely, the equal ratio of pSTAT6/pSTAT1, late increase in CD206 and amplified secretion of IL-1RA, IL-10 and TGF-β1 (p<0.05) in the anti-inflammatory environment, directed alternative macrophage polarization, promoting SCAP differentiation and tissue modeling in IL-4 group. CONCLUSIONS The novel 3D organoid system developed in this study allowed a comprehensive analysis of the SCAP-macrophage interactions during inflammation and healing, providing a deeper insight on the periapical dynamics of immature tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hebatullah Hussein
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Endodontics Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Local immunomodulatory effects of intracanal medications in apical periodontitis. J Endod 2022; 48:430-456. [PMID: 35032538 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is an extremely complex biological network that plays a crucial role in the hemostasis of periapical tissue, pathogenesis of apical periodontitis (AP) as well as periapical tissue healing. The successful elimination of microbial infections remains a significant challenge, mostly due to the ever-growing development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. The bacterial endurance in the root canal system contributes to features ranging from altered post-treatment healing to exacerbation of chronic periradicular immune response, that compromise the outcome of endodontic treatment. A highly effective strategy for combating infectious diseases and the associated inflammation-mediated tissue damage is to modulate the host immune response in conjunction with antimicrobial therapy. There are several medications currently used in endodontic treatment, however, they suffer various levels of microbial resistance and do not deliver all the required characteristics to simultaneously address both intracanal bacteria and periapical inflammation. Interaction of antimicrobial agents with the immune system can impact its function, leading to immune-suppressive or immune-stimulatory effects. The group of non-conventional antimicrobial medications, such as antimicrobial peptides, propolis, and nanomaterials, are agents that provide strong antimicrobial effectiveness and concomitant immunomodulatory and/or reparative effect, without any host tissue damages. Herein, we provide an overview of local immune modulation in AP and a comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory effect of antimicrobials intracanal medications applied in endodontics with specific emphasis on the antimicrobial nanomaterial-based approaches that provide immunomodulatory potential for successful clinical deployment in endodontics.
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12
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Cheng X, Zhou X, Liu C, Xu X. Oral Osteomicrobiology: The Role of Oral Microbiota in Alveolar Bone Homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:751503. [PMID: 34869060 PMCID: PMC8635720 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.751503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomicrobiology is a new research field in which the aim is to explore the role of microbiota in bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone is that part of the maxilla and mandible that supports the teeth. It is now evident that naturally occurring alveolar bone loss is considerably stunted in germ-free mice compared with specific-pathogen-free mice. Recently, the roles of oral microbiota in modulating host defense systems and alveolar bone homeostasis have attracted increasing attention. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of oral microbiota in mediating alveolar bone remodeling processes is undergoing rapid progress due to the advancement in technology. In this review, to provide insight into the role of oral microbiota in alveolar bone homeostasis, we introduced the term “oral osteomicrobiology.” We discussed regulation of alveolar bone development and bone loss by oral microbiota under physiological and pathological conditions. We also focused on the signaling pathways involved in oral osteomicrobiology and discussed the bridging role of osteoimmunity and influencing factors in this process. Finally, the critical techniques for osteomicrobiological investigations were introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Jara CM, Pereira KKY, Maito FLDM, Adorno CG, Gomes MS. Impact of endodontic and periodontal diseases and treatments on the aorta and liver of obese and non-obese rats. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2074-2085. [PMID: 34351629 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of the presence and treatment of periodontal disease (PD) and apical periodontitis (AP) on the aorta and liver of obese and non-obese rats. METHODOLOGY One hundred and forty Wistar rats were divided into two groups, according to the diet administered: normal diet (-n), without obesity; and cafeteria diet (-c), with induced obesity. These groups were divided into seven subgroups according to the specific experimental protocols: naïve control (NC); AP; AP with treatment (APt); PD; PE with treatment (PDt); AP and PD (APPD); and AP and PD with treatment (APPDt). AP and PD lesions were induced for four weeks. Four weeks after treatments, the animals were euthanatized, and the aorta and liver were dissected for histological evaluation. For the comparison of the thickness of the aorta between groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. For the analysis of other variables related to the aorta and liver outcomes, logistic regression was carried out. RESULTS Both PD and AP were associated with the development of histological alterations in the aortic arch, with no significant difference between obese and non-obese animals (p = .17). The aorta thickness was increased significantly (p < .05) with the combination of PD and AP in obese rats (APPDt-c group) compared with the other groups (NC-n, APt-n, APt-c and AP-c). The logistic regression models revealed that the untreated (OR = 7.78; 95%CI = 2.4-25) and treated (OR = 2.9; 95%CI = 1.0-8.4) groups were significantly more likely to have endothelial alterations compared with the control groups (p = .002). Obesity (OR = 16.5; 95%CI = 3.4-81.3) was the only predictor variable of liver steatosis (p < .001). CONCLUSION Histological alterations in the aortic arch of obese and non-obese rats were observed in the presence of periodontal disease and apical periodontitis. The combination of PD and AP increased the aorta thickness in obese rats. A reduction of vascular endothelial lesions was observed with the treatments of PD and AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Mireya Jara
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | - Maximiliano Schünke Gomes
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical and Dental Center of the Military Police of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Dal-Fabbro R, Cosme-Silva L, Capalbo LC, Chaves-Neto AH, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA, Gomes-Filho JE. Excessive caffeine intake increases bone resorption associated with periapical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1861-1870. [PMID: 34037986 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of excessive caffeine intake on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with periapical periodontitis (PP) in rats. METHODOLOGY Sixteen Wistar rats were used. Periapical periodontitis was induced in the four first molars in each animal. The animals were arranged into two groups: control (C)-rats with periapical periodontitis; and caffeine (CAF)-rats with periapical periodontitis under caffeine administration protocol. The CAF animals received 10 mg/100 g of body weight/day of caffeine via gavage starting fifteen days before PP induction and continuing for thirty more days until euthanasia. On the 30th day, the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for microcomputed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical analysis for RANKL, OPG, TRAP, IL-10, TNF-⍺ and IL-1β. The Mann-Whitney test was performed for nonparametric data, and Student's t test was performed for parametric data, using p < .05. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the weight change between the groups. The median score of the inflammatory process was significantly greater in the CAF group (3) compared with the C group (2), p = .0256. Bone resorption was greater in the group consuming caffeine (1.08 ± 0.15 mm3 ) compared with the C group (0.88 ± 0.10 mm3 ), p = .0346. The immunolabelling for RANKL, TRAP and IL-1β was significantly higher in the CAF group when compared to the control, p < .05. No differences were found for the OPG, IL-10 and TNF-⍺ immunolabelling. CONCLUSION Excessive caffeine exposure via gavage in rats was able to exacerbate the volume of periapical bone destruction, and the inflammatory pattern deriving from periapical periodontitis altering the expression of RANKL, IL-1β and TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
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15
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Minhoto GB, Khoury RD, Orozco EIF, Prado RF, Valera MC. Effect of chronic unpredictable stress on the progression of experimental apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1342-1352. [PMID: 33724486 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish an experimental model combining chronic stress and apical periodontitis by assessing the development of periapical lesions in rats in three different time points. METHODOLOGY Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two equal groups: Apical periodontitis (AP) and AP + Stress (AP + S). The animals of the AP group were not exposed to stressful conditions whereas the AP + S group were exposed to a variety of stressors on a daily basis until the end of the experiment. After three weeks of chronic unpredictable stress, apical periodontitis was induced in both groups by exposing the pulpal tissue of the mandibular first molar to the oral environment. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the euthanasia period: 14, 21 and 28 days after pulp exposure. The animals were weighed, and the blood was collected for corticosterone serum dosage by radioimmunoassay. The mandibles were removed and submitted to histopathological and microtomography analyses to assess the inflammatory response and the progression of periapical lesions. Comparisons between the AP and AP + S groups were performed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test for parametric and nonparametric data, respectively. The one-way anova test followed by Tukey's test (parametric data) and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test (nonparametric data) were used for comparisons between the three time points within the same group (P < 0.05). RESULTS The AP + S group had a significantly lower average percentage of weight gain at 14 days and 21 days after AP induction (P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of corticosterone were found in the AP + S group at 21 days (P < 0.05). The AP + S group had a significantly greater intensity and extension of inflammatory infiltrate with larger areas of bone loss compared to the AP groups at 21 days (P < 0.05). The volume of the periapical lesions in the AP + S group was significantly larger than that of the AP group 21 days following pulp exposure (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The chronic unpredictable stress model applied for 6 weeks exacerbated the inflammatory response and increased bone loss associated with AP, especially 21 days after its induction. This model appears to be suitable for investigating the bidirectional relationship between apical periodontitis and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Minhoto
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R D Khoury
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E I F Orozco
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F Prado
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Valera
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Areal-Quecuty V, Segura-Sampedro JJ. Prevalence of endodontic infection in patients with Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e208-e215. [PMID: 32851982 PMCID: PMC7980298 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked apical periodontitis (AP) to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of AP and root canal treatment (RCT) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, including 28 patients with Crohn´s disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis, was conducted. AP was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs), using the periapical index score (PAI). Student's t test, 2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression run with age, gender, number of teeth, number of RFT, periodontal disease and the type of IBD as covariates, taking as dependent variable and outcome "periapical status" (0 = no tooth with RPL; 1 = at least one tooth with RPL), showed that both UC and CD patients had the prevalence apical periodontitis (OR = 1.03; C.I. 95% = 0.25 - 4.31; p = 0.97). The multivariate analysis, including all the above covariates, shows that both in UC and CD patients the prevalence of RCT was similar (OR = 0.76; C.I. 95% = 0.17 - 7.31; p = 0.73). Periapical status was significantly associated with endodontic status (OR = 42.72; C.I. 95% = 3.87 - 472.15; p = 0.002), regardless of IBD type. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show similar frequency of AP and RFT in both UC and CD patients. The type of IBD does not appear to affect the prevalence of radiographically detectable periapical lesions or the prevalence of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poyato-Borrego
- Son Espases University Hospital School of Medicine, University of Balearic Islands Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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17
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Yang F, Huang D, Xu L, Xu W, Yi X, Zhou X, Ye L, Zhang L. Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein I (sFRP1) may be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells in chronic apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:768-779. [PMID: 33290588 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism of secreted frizzled-related protein I (sFRP1) involvement in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under inflammatory conditions. METHODOLOGY hPDLCs were cultured in an osteogenic differentiation-inducing medium (odi) and subjected to the stimulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS) with or without the inhibition of sFRP1. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were carried out to evaluate the expression of osteogenic markers as well as the classic Wnt signalling pathway. Periapical periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats to further confirm the effect of sFRP1 inhibitor on bone loss in vivo. After the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, data were analysed by Student's paired t-test or one-way Anova test with a P value less than 0.05 as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS Significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers were detected in hPDLCs treated with P. gingivalis LPS during osteogenic induction (P < 0.001). Increased expression of sFRP1 was observed (P < 0.01), whilst Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was inhibited by the addition of P. gingivalis LPS (P < 0.01). After the addition of the sFRP1 inhibitor, the decrease of osteogenic markers (P < 0.05) and the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway (P < 0.05) were reversed significantly. The animal experiment further confirmed that the sFRP1 inhibitor significantly reduced bone loss of periapical lesions in vivo (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Wnt antagonist sFRP1 was involved in the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs under inflammation. Modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway through the inhibition of sFRP1 may offer a new perspective on the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian Stomatological Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - W Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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The Effect of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 on the Mineralization of Human Cementoblasts. J Endod 2021; 47:606-611. [PMID: 33434566 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in bone mineralization and has been reported to promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, there is no report about the effects of TGF-β1 on human cementoblasts. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of TGF-β1 on the proliferation and differentiation of the human cementoblast cell line (HCEM) in vitro. METHODS HCEM cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 at concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 10 ng/mL. A proliferation assay was performed from 24-72 hours. The effect of TGF-β1 on mineralization was analyzed by quantifying the area stained with alizarin red on days 7 and 14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the effect of TGF-β1 on the mineralization-related genes alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and type I collagen on days 3, 7, and 14. RESULTS TGF-β1 did not affect cell proliferation. TGF-β1 together with the mineralization medium (consisting of ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and β-glycerophosphate) increased the alizarin red-stained area on days 7 and 14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that alkaline phosphatase messenger RNA expression was increased in TGF-β1-stimulated HCEM cells in mineralization medium on days 3 and 7, whereas bone sialoprotein and type I collagen messenger RNA expression was increased on day 7. CONCLUSIONS Although TGF-β1 does not affect cell proliferation, it does promote cell differentiation and mineralization of HCEM cells.
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Chen S, Ma D, Xiao S, Li P, Lei H, Huang X. Effects of chronic apical periodontitis on the inflammatory response of the aorta in hyperlipemic rats. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3845-3852. [PMID: 33404761 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) on the inflammatory response and initial lesion of aorta in hyperlipemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 14 weeks were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 8), namely, normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), CAP, and HFD + CAP. The rats were raised under controlled conditions and fed with diet specified for each group. All subjects were euthanatized after 14 weeks for histopathological analysis. Serum cytokines were analyzed to assess changes in gene and protein expression of aorta via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in rats in HFD + CAP group were significantly higher than those in other groups. By comparison, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in rats in both the HFD and HFD + CAP groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups. No significant difference among all groups was observed in terms of CRP level. However, levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 increased in the experimental CAP rats compared with the control rats. mRNA expression levels of MCP-1, TLR-4, and NF-κB p65 were markedly elevated in rats in the HFD group compared with those in rats in the ND group. TLR-4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in rats in the HFD + CAP group than that in rats in the HFD group. CONCLUSIONS CAP mediated the high expression of cytokines and induced the initial inflammatory response in the aorta. Apical periodontitis may affect the level of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) depending on the immune response. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CAP may trigger a systemic inflammatory response and affect the aorta of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dianfu Ma
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Suli Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Huaxiang Lei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Freire MS, Oliveira NG, Lima SMF, Porto WF, Martins DCM, Silva ON, Chaves SB, Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Castro MS, Fontes W, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. IL-4 absence triggers distinct pathways in apical periodontitis development. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104080. [PMID: 33338687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a specialized tissue able to respond to infectious processes. Nevertheless, infection progress and root canal colonization trigger an immune-inflammatory response in tooth-surrounding tissues, leading to apical periodontitis and bone tissue destruction, further contributing to tooth loss. In order to shed some light on the effects of IL-4 on periradicular pathology development modulation, microtomographic, histological and proteomic analyses were performed using 60 mice, 30 wild type and 30 IL-4-/-. For that, 5 animals were used for microtomographic and histological analysis, and another 5 for proteomic analysis for 0, 7 and 21 days with/without pulp exposure. The periapical lesions were established in WT and IL-4-/- mice without statistical differences in their volume, and the value of p < 0.05 was adopted as significant in microtomographic and histological analyses. Regarding histological analysis, IL-4-/- mice show aggravation of pulp inflammation compared to WT. By using proteomic analysis, we have identified 32 proteins with increased abundance and 218 proteins with decreased abundance in WT animals after 21 days of pulp exposure, compared to IL-4-/- animals. However, IL-4-/- mice demonstrated faster development of apical periodontitis. These animals developed a compensatory mechanism to overcome IL-4 absence, putatively based on the identification of upregulated proteins related to immune system signaling pathways. Significance: IL-4 might play a protective role in diseases involving bone destruction and its activity may contribute to host protection, mainly due to its antiosteoclastogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna S Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Apparecido dos Santos, UNICEPLAC, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson G Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo C M Martins
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Centro Universitário de Anápolis - UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Sacha B Chaves
- Departamento de nanotecnologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A O Ricart
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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21
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The use of host defense peptides in root canal therapy in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3623-3632. [PMID: 33200281 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate host defense peptides (HDPs) HHC-10 and synoeca-MP activity in in vitro osteoclastogenesis process and in vivo induced apical periodontitis, testing the effect of molecules in the inflammatory response and in apical periodontitis size/volume after root canal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro osteoclastogenesis was assessed on bone marrow cell cultures extracted from mice, while in vivo endodontic treatment involved rats treated with Ca(OH)2 or HDPs. In vitro osteoclasts were subjected to TRAP staining, and in vivo samples were evaluated by radiographic and tomographic exams, as well as histologic analysis. RESULTS None of the substances downregulated the in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Nevertheless, all treatments affected the average of apical periodontitis size in rats, although only teeth treated with HDPs demonstrated lower levels of the inflammatory process. These results demonstrated the in vivo potential of HDPs. Radiographic analysis suggested that HHC-10 and synoeca-MP-treated animals presented a similar lesion size than Ca(OH)2-treated animals after 7-day of endodontic treatment. However, tomography analysis demonstrated smaller lesion volume in synoeca-MP-treated animals than HHC-10 and Ca(OH)2-treated animals, after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS These molecules demonstrated an auxiliary effect in endodontic treatment that might be related to its immunomodulatory ability, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and possible induction of tissue repair at low concentrations. These results can encourage further investigations on the specific mechanisms of action in animal models to clarify the commercial applicability of these biomolecules for endodontic treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE HDPs have the potential to be adjuvant substances in endodontic therapy due to its potential to reduce inflammation in apical periodontitis.
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22
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Park OJ, Jeong MH, Lee EH, Cho MR, Hwang J, Cho S, Yun CH, Han SH, Kim SY. A Pilot Study of Chronological Microbiota Changes in a Rat Apical Periodontitis Model. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081174. [PMID: 32748824 PMCID: PMC7464309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis caused by microbial infection in the dental pulp is characterized by inflammation, destruction of the pulpal and periradicular tissues, and alveolar bone resorption. We analyzed the chronological changes in microbiota using a pyrosequencing-based approach combined with radiologic and histopathologic changes in a rat apical periodontitis model. During the three-week observation, the pulp and periapical area showed a typical progress of apical periodontitis. A total of 27 phyla, 645 genera, and 1276 species were identified. The root apex had a lower bacterial species diversity than the pulp chamber. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in both the pulp chamber and root apex. Remarkably, bacterial communities showed a tendency to change in the root apex based on the disease progression. At the genus level, Escherichia, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Rodentibacter, and Bacteroidetes were dominant genera in the pulp chamber. The most abundant genera in the root apex were Bradyrhizobium, Halomonas, and Escherichia. The species Azospirillum oryzae increased in the pulp chamber, whereas the species Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Halomonas stevensii were highly observed in the root apex as the disease progressed. The experimental rat model of apical periodontitis demonstrated a relationship between the microbiota and the apical periodontitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Moon-Hee Jeong
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-H.J.); (E.-H.L.); (M.-R.C.)
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-H.J.); (E.-H.L.); (M.-R.C.)
| | - Mi-Ran Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-H.J.); (E.-H.L.); (M.-R.C.)
| | - Jaehong Hwang
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Seungryong Cho
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (S.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2312 (S.H.H.); +82-2-2072-2652 (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-H.J.); (E.-H.L.); (M.-R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (S.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2312 (S.H.H.); +82-2-2072-2652 (S.-Y.K.)
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Braga Diniz JM, Espaladori MC, E Souza Silva ME, de Brito LCN, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Immunological profile of periapical endodontic infection in patients undergoing haematopoietic transplantation. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1403-1410. [PMID: 32666350 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the mRNA expression levels of cytokines interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin IL-1β, IL-10, and the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4, and CXCR4 in the periapical interstitial fluid from root canal infections before and after bacterial load reduction in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The case group was composed of 10 patients undergoing HSCT, and our control group included 10 healthy patients. Clinical samples were taken from teeth with pulp necrosis. Three paper points were placed in the RCS and maintained for 2 min for microbial evaluation before cleaning and shaping procedures. After cleaning and drying the canal, three paper points were introduced into the root canal, passing passively through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 1 min. Samples were collected immediately after root canal cleaning and 7 days later (restrained root canal bacterial load) to characterize gene expression using real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed significantly reduction in the microbial load on day 7. An increased expression level of TNF-α and IFN-γ on day 7 in control and case groups was observed (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in the pre-HSCT group increased in the samples from day 7 (p < 0.05). The chemokine CCL-2/MCP-1 was not detected in pre-HSCT group. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 levels increased in samples obtained from the day 7 in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals undergoing HSTC presented similar cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression compared with healthy individuals. However, it was observed the total absence of mRNA MCP-1/CCL2 expression in those individuals undergoing HSCT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients undergoing HSCT are at higher risk of infection. No study has analysed the periapical immune responses to root canal infections in HSCT individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mourão Braga Diniz
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculdades Padre Arnaldo Janssen, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa E Souza Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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24
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Khan SZ, Karim S, Mirza S. Effect of photodynamic therapy on the morphological changes of periapical inflammation: An experimental study in rats. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101839. [PMID: 32485402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the morphological changes with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in experimentally produced periapical lesions in rats, and to investigate if PDT used as an adjunct to conventional root canal debridement helps to enhance healing the inflammatory response around root apex of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult Sprague-Dawley male rats (70-90 days/140-160 g) were experimented. Pulp was removed from the mesial root of the first maxillary molar and left open to oral environment to allow the formation of periapical lesion. The rats were numbered and randomly divided into two groups: (i) PDT group (n = 30) received a single session of PDT with conventional debridement and, (ii) Control group (n = 30) received conventional debridement but with no PDT. PDT application involved the use of methylene blue photosensitizer for 5 min inside the root canals and irradiated with diode laser of 805 nm and 20 W power output for 90 s and sealed. After 4 weeks, the experimental rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The maxillary first molar was then collected along with the surrounding tissue for further processing. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the morphological effects. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), STRO-1 and CD-44 were used as the primary antibodies for the immunohistochemical study. RESULTS A reduction in inflammatory cells, which were mainly composed of lymphocytes, was observed in the periapical lesions after PDT. The number of PCNA-positive cells increased to approximately twice in the PDT as compared to the control group. These PCNA-positive cells included STRO-1 and CD-44 positive cells, indicating enhancement of wound healing and reduction in inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION The findings of the present experimental study indicate that PDT application induced proliferation of PCNA-positive cells, which included STRO-1 and CD44-positive cells. This suggests that PDT may help to enhance healing periapical lesion, indicating the potential of PDT in the treatment of periapical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Zeb Khan
- Oral Health Science Center, Graduate School of Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2, Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan; Department of Oral Pathology, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Samina Karim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sana Mirza
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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25
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Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Martín-González J, Torres-Domínguez Y, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. High Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Age- and Gender- matched Case-control Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:273-279. [PMID: 31247107 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep carious lesions cause pulpitis, pulpal necrosis and, finally, apical periodontitis (AP). Root canal treatment (RCT) is the treatment of choice for AP, changing the tooth into a root-filled tooth (RFT). Several studies have linked AP and RFT to systemic diseases. Likewise, previous studies have also found an association among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease. This study aims to analyze the frequency of AP and RCT in IBD patients and healthy control subjects. METHODS An age- and gender-matched case-control study design was used. The study group (SG) included 54 IBD patients (28 with Crohn´s disease, 26 with ulcerative colitis). Another 54 healthy subjects without IBD and age- and gender-matched were included in the control group (CG). The radiographic records were analyzed, and periapical radiolucencies were diagnosed as AP, using the periapical index (PAI). The statistical analysis was carried out using the Student t test, χ 2 test, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The presence of 1 or more teeth with radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs) was found in 19 patients (35.2%) in the study group and in 9 subjects (16.7%) in the control group (P = 0.03). No differences were found among the 2 groups neither in the amount of teeth with AP nor in the number of RFTs (P > 0.05). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for number of teeth and number of RFTs showed that patients with IBD have RPLs with higher likelihood than control patients (odds ratio, 5.7; confidence interval 95%, 1.7-19.1; P = 0.0048). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with inflammatory bowel disease have higher prevalence of apical periodontitis. An oral health protocol should be established to address the higher prevalence of inflammatory oral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan J Segura-Sampedro
- General & Digestive Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, School of Medicine, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan J Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, Sevilla, Spain
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26
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Paula AB, Laranjo M, Marto CM, Paulo S, Abrantes AM, Fernandes B, Casalta-Lopes J, Marques-Ferreira M, Botelho MF, Carrilho E. Evaluation of dentinogenesis inducer biomaterials: an in vivo study. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 28:e20190023. [PMID: 31800871 PMCID: PMC6886398 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When exposure of the pulp to external environment occurs, reparative dentinogenesis can be induced by direct pulp capping to maintain pulp tissue vitality and function. These clinical situations require the use of materials that induce dentin repair and, subsequently, formation of a mineralized tissue. Objective: This work aims to assess the effect of tricalcium silicate cements and mineral trioxide aggregate cements, including repairing dentin formation and inflammatory reactions over time after pulp exposure in Wistar rats. Methodology: These two biomaterials were compared with positive control groups (open cavity with pulp tissue exposure) and negative control groups (no intervention). The evaluations were performed in three stages; three, seven and twenty-one days, and consisted of an imaging (nuclear medicine) and histological evaluation (H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and Alizarin Red S). Results: The therapeutic effect of these biomaterials was confirmed. Nuclear medicine evaluation demonstrated that the uptake of 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) showed no significant differences between the different experimental groups and the control, revealing the non-occurrence of differences in the phosphocalcium metabolism. The histological study demonstrated that in mineral trioxide aggregate therapies, the presence of moderate inflammatory infiltration was found after three days, decreasing during follow-ups. The formation of mineralized tissue was only verified at 21 days of follow-up. The tricalcium silicate therapies demonstrated the presence of a slight inflammatory infiltration on the third day, increasing throughout the follow-up. The formation of mineralized tissue was observed in the seventh follow-up day, increasing over time. Conclusions: The mineral trioxide aggregate (WhiteProRoot®MTA) and tricalcium silicate (Biodentine™) present slight and reversible inflammatory signs in the pulp tissue, with the formation of mineralized tissue. However, the exacerbated induction of mineralized tissue formation with the tricalcium silicate biomaterial may lead to the formation of pulp calcifications
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela B Paula
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos-Miguel Marto
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Patologia Experimental, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Siri Paulo
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fernandes
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Departamento de Patologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra University Hospital Center, Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques-Ferreira
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
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The influence of adrenergic blockade in rats with apical periodontitis under chronic stress conditions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104590. [PMID: 31743801 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of chronic stress and adrenergic blockade in a rat model of apical periodontitis. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were submitted to an animal model of periapical lesion and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): no stress (NS); stress + saline solution (SS); stress + β-adrenergic blocker (Sβ); stress + α-adrenergic blocker (Sα). The SS, Sβ and Sα groups were submitted to an animal model of chronic stress for 28 days and received daily injections of saline solution, propranolol (β adrenergic blocker) and phentolamine (α adrenergic blocker), respectively. After 28 days the animals were euthanized and the following analyses were carried out: a) serum corticosterone levels through Radioimmunoassay; b) measurement of serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); c) volume of periapical bone resorption by micro-computed tomography; d) histomorphometric analysis by staining with hematoxylin and eosin; e) expression of β-AR, α-AR, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) by immunohistochemistry; f) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining; g) ex-vivo cytokine release followed by the stimulation with LPS in superfusion system, by ELISA. RESULTS SS group displayed significantly higher corticosterone levels than NS group (non-stressed). Higher IL-1β serum level was observed in the NS group (p < .05); compared to all stressed groups. Other cytokines were present in similar amounts in the serum of all groups. All groups presented similar periapical lesions. All groups presented moderate inflammatory infiltrate, without statistically significant differences between them. No differences were observed regarding β-AR, α-AR, Rank-L and OPG expression. The number of TRAP-positive cells was significantly decreased in the groups that received daily injections of adrenergic blockers. The IL-1β release followed LPS stimulation was significantly suppressed when the superfusion media contained propranolol (p < .05). Perfusion containing phentolamine induced a greater release of IL-10. TGF-β was significantly suppressed by phentolamine perfusion in the NS group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress can significantly change the inflammatory cytokines release. Rank-L/OPG system and periapical lesion volume were not affected following the current method applied. The administration of adrenergic blockers was not able to modulate the inflammatory response but presented effectivity in reducing the number of osteoclasts in the periapical region.
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Sasaki H, Furusho H, Rider DB, Dobeck JM, Kuo WP, Fujimura A, Yoganathan S, Hirai K, Xu S, Sasaki K, Stashenko P. Endodontic Infection-induced Inflammation Resembling Osteomyelitis of the Jaws in Toll-like Receptor 2/Interleukin 10 Double-knockout Mice. J Endod 2019; 45:181-188. [PMID: 30711175 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In general, mice develop chronic and nonhealing periapical lesions after endodontic infection. Surprisingly, we recently found that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/interleukin 10 (IL-10) double-knockout (dKO) mice exhibited acute but resolving osteomyelitislike inflammation. In this study, we examined the kinetics of endodontic infection-induced inflammation in TLR2/IL-10 dKO mice and explored a potential mechanism of periapical wound healing mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) subunit and arginase 1. METHODS TLR2/IL-10 dKO and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were subjected to endodontic infection in the mandibular first molars. Mice were sacrificed on days 0 (noninfected), 10, and 21 postinfection. The extent of bone destruction, inflammation, bone deposition, and gene expression were determined by micro-computed tomographic imaging, histology, bone polychrome labeling, and microarray analysis. In addition, the effect of blocking endogenous HIF-1α was tested in infected TLR2/IL-10 dKO mice using the specific inhibitor YC-1. RESULTS Infected TLR2/IL-10 dKO mice exhibited extensive bone destruction and inflammation on day 10 followed by spontaneous periapical wound healing including bone formation and resolution of inflammation by day 21 postinfection. In contrast, WT mice developed increasing chronic periapical inflammation over the 21-day observation period. Gene expression analyses and immunohistochemistry revealed that HIF-1α and arginase 1 were up-regulated in spontaneous wound healing in TLR2/IL-10 dKO mice. Blocking of HIF-1α in TLR2/IL-10 dKO mice using YC-1 resulted in significant inhibition of regenerative bone formation. CONCLUSIONS The TLR2/IL-10 dKO mouse is a novel model resembling osteomyelitis of the jaws in which HIF-1α and arginase 1 appear to be crucial factors in spontaneous wound healing and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daniel B Rider
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Justine M Dobeck
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Winston Patrick Kuo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akira Fujimura
- Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Subbiah Yoganathan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimito Hirai
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kei Sasaki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Stashenko
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kaneko T, Myo Zaw SY, Sueyama Y, Katsube KI, Kaneko R, Nör JE, Okiji T. Inhibition of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Prevents the Development of Experimental Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2019; 45:168-173. [PMID: 30711173 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcriptional regulator of angiogenesis involving B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) signaling pathways. Thus, inhibition of NF-κB may suppress the development of periapical lesions via blockage of angiogenesis. Accordingly, we examined the effects of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) treatment on experimentally induced periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced in the mandibular first molars of 5-week-old male Wistar rats by the application of lipopolysaccharide to the pulp. NF-κB decoy ODN or NF-κB decoy scramble (control) was injected intraperitoneally every 7 days, starting 1 day before pulp exposure. After 28 days, the samples were retrieved, and digital radiographs were taken for radiomorphometry. Samples were processed for (1) immunohistochemistry of CD31, Bcl-2, and Bax; (2) laser capture microdissection to analyze Bcl-2, Bax, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXC receptor 2 (CXCR2), and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in CD31+ endothelial cells; (3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine NF-κB/p65 activity; and (4) Western blotting for vascular endothelial growth factor expression. RESULTS NF-κB decoy ODN treatment significantly reduced lesion size, NF-κB/p65 activity, and the density of CD31+ endothelial cells in the lesion. NF-κB decoy ODNs also down-regulated CXCL1, CXCR2, and VEGFR2 mRNAs and up-regulated Bax mRNA in endothelial cells but did not affect Bcl2 mRNA in endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression in the lesions was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of NF-κB activity by decoy ODN treatment suppressed the development of experimentally induced periapical lesions with a concomitant reduction in angiogenic responses in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoatsu Kaneko
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Su Yee Myo Zaw
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sueyama
- Division of Cardiology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Reika Kaneko
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dal‐Fabbro R, Marques de Almeida M, Cosme‐Silva L, Neto AHC, Salzedas LMP, Cintra LTA, Filho JEG. Chronic alcohol consumption changes blood marker profile and bone density in rats with apical periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12418. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Dal‐Fabbro
- Department of Endodontics São Paulo State University Araçatuba Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio H. C. Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences São Paulo State University Araçatuba Brazil
| | | | | | - João E. G. Filho
- Department of Endodontics São Paulo State University Araçatuba Brazil
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Siddiqui YD, Omori K, Ito T, Yamashiro K, Nakamura S, Okamoto K, Ono M, Yamamoto T, Van Dyke TE, Takashiba S. Resolvin D2 Induces Resolution of Periapical Inflammation and Promotes Healing of Periapical Lesions in Rat Periapical Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:307. [PMID: 30863409 PMCID: PMC6399419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical periodontitis results from pulpal infection leading to pulpal necrosis and resorption of periapical bone. The current treatment is root canal therapy, which attempts to eliminate infection and necrotic tissue. But, in some cases periapical inflammation doesn't resolve even after treatment. Resolvins belongs to a large family of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators that actively resolves inflammation signaling via specific receptors. Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was tested as an intracanal medicament in rats in vivo. Mechanism was evaluated in rat primary dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro. The results demonstrate that RvD2 reduces inflammatory cell infiltrate, periapical lesion size, and fosters pulp like tissue regeneration and healing of periapical lesion. RvD2 enhanced expression of its receptor, GPR18, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) and mineralization in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, RvD2 induces phosphorylation of Stat3 transcription factor in dental pulp cells. We conclude that intracanal treatment with RvD2 resolves inflammation and promoting calcification around root apex and healing of periapical bone lesions. The data suggest that RvD2 induces active resolution of inflammation with pulp-like tissue regeneration after root canal infection and thus maybe suitable for treating periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Dilshad Siddiqui
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Gomes ESB, Farias LC, Silveira LH, Jesus CÍD, Rocha RGD, Ramos GV, Magalhães HTAT, Brito-Júnior M, Santos SHS, Jham BC, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS. Conditioned fear stress increases bone resorption in apical periodontitislesions in Wistar male rats. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Santa-Rosa CC, Thebit MM, Maciel KF, Brito LCND, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP. Evaluation of chemokines and receptors in gnotobiotic root canal infection by F. nucleatum and E. faecalis. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e120. [PMID: 30517429 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the longitudinal effects of induced experimental infections in gnotoxenic animals on the expression of inflammatory chemokines and their receptors in periradicular tissues. The null hypothesis tested was that Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum had no effect on CCR5, CCL5, CXCL10, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCR2 and CCR1 expression. Two groups of five animals (n = 5) aged between 8 and 12 weeks were used in this study. The animals were anaesthetized, and coronary access was performed in the first molar on the right and left sides. Microorganisms were inoculated into the left molar, and the right molar was sealed without contamination to function as a control. Animals were sacrificed 7 and 14 days after infection, and periapical tissues were collected. The cytokine mRNA expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR. The chemokine mRNA expression levels demonstrated that the experimental infection was capable of inducing increased chemokine expression on day 7 compared to that on day 14, except for CCR5 and CCL5, which showed no changes. The gnotoxenic animal model proved to be effective and allowed evaluation of the immune response against a known infection. Additionally, this study demonstrates that gene expression of chemokines and their receptors against the experimental infection preferentially prevailed during the initial phase of induction of the periradicular alteration (i.e., on day 7 post-infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Christine Santa-Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Marçal Thebit
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Faria Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro-Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Influence of foraminal enlargement on the healing of periapical lesions in rat molars. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1985-1991. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Espaladori MC, Maciel KF, Brito LCND, Kawai T, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Experimental furcal perforation treated with mineral trioxide aggregate plus selenium: immune response. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e103. [PMID: 30328900 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cytokines in response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plus selenium in germ-free mice with experimental furcal perforation. The first left maxillary molar was opened, and the furcal area was perforated and treated with post-MTA-Se (experimental group). The same surgical intervention was performed for the maxillary right first molar, which was treated with MTA (control group). Fifteen mice were sacrificed 7, 14, and 21 days after furcal perforation, and periapical tissue samples were collected. The mRNA expression levels of the cytokines TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, HPRT, IL-10, IL-4, RANK, RANKL, IL-1, and IL-17 were assessed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the experimental group, at 21-days post-MTA-Se sealing, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were upregulated compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). Futher assessment revealed basal mRNA expression levels of IL-1α, IFN-γ, RANK, RANKL, IL-17A, IL-4, and TGF-β, over long experimental times, in both the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MTA+Se sealing favoured increased expression of IL-10 and TNF-α at later time points (day 21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Departament of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Faria Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Departament of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leda Quércia Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Institute of Biological Sciences, Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Departament of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Hadaya D, Soundia A, Gkouveris I, Dry SM, Aghaloo TL, Tetradis S. Development of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw After Extraction of Teeth With Experimental Periapical Disease. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 77:71-86. [PMID: 30218655 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but severe side effect of antiresorptive medications. Most animal models use tooth extraction as an instigating local factor to induce MRONJ, with varied results. However, these teeth are healthy and absent of dental disease, a rare finding that does not reflect clinical practices. The authors hypothesized that extraction of teeth with periapical inflammation would lead to MRONJ in rats treated with high-dose bisphosphonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were pretreated with zoledronic acid (ZA) for 1 week. Pulp exposure (PE) was established by exposing the pulpal chamber of the first and second molars. Experimental periapical disease (EPD) was induced by PE and bacterial inoculation into pulp chambers of the first and second mandibular molars. The mandibular molars were extracted 4 weeks after PE or EPD, and animals were euthanized 4 weeks after tooth extraction. Extraction sockets were assessed clinically, radiographically, and histologically. RESULTS Clinically, radiographically, and histologically, socket healing was observed in all vehicle-treated animals and in ZA-treated animals after extraction of healthy teeth or teeth with PE. In contrast, bone exposure, lack of socket healing, and osteonecrosis were present in most ZA-treated animals after extraction of teeth with EPD. Bacterial presence was noted in areas of osteonecrotic alveolar bone. CONCLUSION These data support a synergistic contribution of severe dental disease and tooth extraction to MRONJ pathogenesis. Importantly, this model is amenable to manipulation of methodologic conditions for the dissection of parameters involved in MRONJ pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Hadaya
- Graduate Student, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Akrivoula Soundia
- Graduate Student, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ioannis Gkouveris
- Post-doctoral Fellow, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tara L Aghaloo
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA.
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Jara CM, Hartmann RC, Böttcher DE, Souza TS, Gomes MS, Figueiredo JAP. Influence of apical enlargement on the repair of apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1261-1270. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Jara
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - R. C. Hartmann
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - D. E. Böttcher
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - T. S. Souza
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. S. Gomes
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. A. P. Figueiredo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Xiao L, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Yang S, Huang R, Shi W, Peng B, Xiao Y. SPHK1-S1PR1-RANKL Axis Regulates the Interactions Between Macrophages and BMSCs in Inflammatory Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1090-1104. [PMID: 29377379 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the immune and skeletal systems interact with each other through various regulators during the osteoclastogenic process. Among these regulators, the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is synthesized by sphingosine kinase 1/2 (SPHK1/2), has recently been recognized to play a role in immunity and bone remodeling through its receptor sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). However, little is known regarding the potential role of S1PR1 signaling in inflammatory bone loss. We observed that SPHK1 and S1PR1 were upregulated in human apical periodontitis, accompanied by macrophage infiltration and enhanced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, an indispensable factor in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption) and increased numbers of S1PR1-RANKL double-positive cells in lesion tissues. Using an in vitro co-culture model of macrophages and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), it was revealed that in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, macrophages could significantly induce SPHK1 activity, which resulted in activated S1PR1 in BMSCs. The activated S1P-S1PR1 signaling was responsible for the increased RANKL production in BMSCs, as S1PR1-blockage abolished this effect. Applying a potent S1P-S1PR1 signaling modulator, Fingolimod (FTY720), in a Wistar rat apical periodontitis model effectively prevented bone lesions in vivo via downregulation of RANKL production, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption. Our data unveiled the regulatory role of SPHK1-S1PR1-RANKL axis in inflammatory bone lesions and proposed a potential therapeutic intervention by targeting this cell-signaling pathway to prevent bone loss. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia.,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bin Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia.,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Topical chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and erythromycin in the repair of traumatic ulcers on the rat tongue: Clinical, histological and microbiological evaluation. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87:218-225. [PMID: 29316457 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of topical application of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine and 50% erythromycin on the optimization of healing process of traumatic ulcers made on ventral tongue of rats. DESIGN Forty-Eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, chlorhexidine (Chx), povidone-iodine (PvI) and erythromycin (Er). An ulcer of 5 mm in diameter was made on the ventral tongue of the animals. After 24 h, a microbiological sample was taken and daily application of the substances started. Six animals each group were euthanized at 4 days and the others at 8 days postoperative, totaling three and seven days of treatment. Prior to euthanasia, a new microbiological collection was performed. RESULTS The experimental groups showed less area of residual ulcer. A significant difference was seen between the PvI and Chx in relation to the control after three days of treatment (p < 0.05). Although the experimental groups displayed greater newly formed epithelial area, there was no significant difference compared to the control (p > 0.05). Er exhibed the lowest inflammation scores after seven days of treatment (p < 0.05). PvI showed reduction of microorganisms at both times and under aerobic (p < 0.01 at 3 days and p < 0.001 at 7 days) and microaerophilic (p < 0.05) conditions. Er significantly reduced the count of microorganisms in aerobic condition when compared to control group (p < 0.05 at 3 days and p < 0.01 at 7 days). CONCLUSIONS All drugs promoted reduction of the microorganisms at the site of the injury, which may have a direct effect on the tissue repair process.
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Jurisic V, Colic S, Jurisic M. The Inflammatory Radicular Cysts Have Higher Concentration of TNF-α in Comparison to Odontogenic Keratocysts (Odontogenic Tumour). ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017; 50:233-238. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine that is considered as a primary modifier of inflammatory and immune reaction in response to various inflammatory diseases and tumour. We investigated levels of TNF-α in 43 radicular cysts and 15 odontogenic keratocysts, obtained from patients undergoing surgery, under local anaesthesia, and after aspiration of cystic fluid from non-ruptured cysts. TNF-α is elevated in both cysts’ fluid, but higher values were found in radicular cysts in comparison to keratocysts. The significantly higher concentration of TNF-α was associated with smaller radicular cysts, higher protein concentration, higher presence of inflammatory cells in peri cystic tissues, and the degree of vascularisation and cysts wall thickness (Mann-Whitney U-test, p<0.05). No correlation was found based on these parameters in odontogenic keratocyst, but all cysts have detectable concentrations of TNF-α. We here for the first time present that a difference in the concentration of TNF-α exists between these two cystic types.
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Trindade AC, de Figueiredo JAP, de Oliveira SD, Barth Junior VC, Gallo SW, Follmann C, Wolle CFB, Steier L, Morgental RD, Weber JBB. Histopathological, Microbiological, and Radiographic Analysis of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Study in Rats' Molars. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:364-371. [PMID: 28294706 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo, by histological and radiographic analysis, the response of apical tissues of rats' teeth with experimentally induced apical periodontitis, after one- and two-session endodontic treatment with and without photodynamic therapy (PDT). A microbiological analysis was also performed to verify bacterial reduction after each treatment. BACKGROUND DATA Studies carried out in recent years highlighted the antibacterial potential of PDT when associated with conventional endodontic therapy in vitro. Although the antimicrobial effect of PDT is well-established, tissue response to PDT in teeth with apical periodontitis lacks studies. METHODS Thirty-two rats' root canals were assigned to four groups: one session/PDT-[chemomechanical preparation (CMP)+root canal filling (RCF)]; two sessions/PDT- [CMP+calcium hydroxide (CH) for 14 days+RCF]; one session/PDT+ [CMP+PDT+RCF], and two sessions/PDT+ [CMP+PDT+CH for 14 days+RCF]. For microbiological evaluation, samples were collected before and after proposed treatments. For radiographic and histological analysis, the animals were euthanized after 28 days and the mandibles surgically removed. RESULTS PDT associated with conventional endodontic therapy was able to promote significant bacterial reduction in root canals with induced apical periodontitis, but this reduction was not significantly different to conventional endodontic therapy alone. Although radiographic evaluation showed no significant differences, histological analysis showed lower scores for neutrophils/eosinophils in PDT-treated groups and macrophages/giant cells in CH groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of low-level laser as light source did not promote major improvement on radiographic and histological repair, but since the number of inflammatory cells slightly decreased, it may optimize repair by modulating inflammatory process. PDT may be indicated as an adjunct to conventional endodontic therapy for teeth with apical periodontitis, in association with an interappointment dressing with CH, in an attempt to produce better conditions to stimulate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cesar Trindade
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sílvia Dias de Oliveira
- 2 Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cristóvão Barth Junior
- 2 Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Wagner Gallo
- 2 Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carina Follmann
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Liviu Steier
- 3 Postgraduate Dental Education Unit, University of Warwick, Warwick University Medical School , Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- 4 Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista Blessmann Weber
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Salinas-Muñoz M, Garrido-Flores M, Baeza M, Huamán-Chipana P, García-Sesnich J, Bologna R, Vernal R, Hernández M. Bone resorptive activity in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical lesions of endodontic origin. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2613-2618. [PMID: 28261746 PMCID: PMC5632344 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the levels and diagnostic accuracy of a set of bone resorption biomarkers, including TRAP-5, RANKL, and OPG in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical lesions and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apical tissues from symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis patients and periodontal ligaments from healthy teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were processed for tissue homogenization and the levels of TRAP-5, RANKL, and OPG were determined by multiplex assay. Marker levels were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test, and diagnostic accuracy was analyzed with ROC curves. RESULTS Higher levels of RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG ratio were determined in both types of apical lesions compared to healthy periodontal ligament, whereas higher TRAP-5 levels were found only in symptomatic apical lesions (p < 0.05). OPG, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG ratio showed diagnostic potential to identify apical lesions versus healthy controls (AUC = 0.69, p < 0.05); while TRAP-5 showed a potential to discriminate symptomatic versus asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.05) and healthy controls (AUC = 0.83, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Apical lesions showed higher RANKL and OPG levels than healthy tissues. TRAP-5 levels were the highest in symptomatic apical lesions, suggesting that these represent a progressive state, and showed diagnostic potential. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinically symptomatic apical periodontitis might represent biologically progressive apical lesions based on TRAP5 levels. TRAP5 has diagnostic potential to identify these lesions, representing a candidate prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salinas-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Garrido-Flores
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Baeza
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Huamán-Chipana
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J García-Sesnich
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Bologna
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Vernal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Av. Sergio Livingstone 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Ran S, Liu B, Gu S, Sun Z, Liang J. Analysis of the expression of NLRP3 and AIM2 in periapical lesions with apical periodontitis and microbial analysis outside the apical segment of teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 78:39-47. [PMID: 28193569 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the distribution and expression levels of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and the absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes in periapical lesions and to analyse the possible microbial stimuli outside of teeth. DESIGN The distribution of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in sixteen periapical lesions was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the relative gene expression levels of NLRP3 and AIM2 in sixteen periapical lesions and three health periodontal tissue were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, forty-seven teeth without sinus tracts were obtained in the clinic and included in bacterial analysis using PCR. Then, the mRNA levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), NLRP3 and AIM2 in THP-1-derived macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Porphyromonas were also quantified by real-time PCR, and the IL-1β secretion level was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS NLRP3 and AIM2 were positively expressed in periapical lesions and were mainly distributed in inflammatory cells. Most of the samples that demonstrated up-regulation of NLRP3 mRNA also demonstrated up-regulation of caspase-1 mRNA. Microbial analysis revealed that Porphyromonas endodontalis was the most commonly detected species and was detected in 27 of 47 cases (57.4%), followed by Fusobacterium nucleatum (20/47, 42.6%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (19/47, 40.4%), Tannerella forsythia (19/47, 40.4%), Actinomyces sp. (17/47, 36.17%), Treponema denticola (10/47,21.28%), Actinomyces israelii (9/47,19.15%), Prevotella intermedia (6/47, 12.77%), Enterococcus faecalis (1/47,2.13%) and Enterococcus faecium (0/47,0). Furthermore, we found that LPS of P. gingivalis induced THP-1 cells to produce IL-1β and to activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the NLRP3 and AIM2 proteins play a part in the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis. Anaerobes, such as P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. forsythia, were the main detected microbial stimuli that might activate inflammasomes in periapical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Ran
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shensheng Gu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jingping Liang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Kawahara T, Murakami S, Noiri Y, Ehara A, Takemura N, Furukawa S, Ebisu S. Effects of Cyclosporin-A-induced Immunosuppression on Periapical Lesions in Rats. J Dent Res 2016; 83:683-7. [PMID: 15329372 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) might induce immune response alterations in periapical lesions and modify bone remodeling. This study determined the changes that occur in the periapical lesions of rats during CsA administration and after CsA withdrawal. After the induction of periapical lesions, the animals were treated with CsA (0–20 mg/kg/day) for 4 wks. Lesion volumes were measured by computed tomography. Histological observations and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed with anti-CD3 and anti-CD25 antibodies. CsA administration reduced lesion volumes, and the lesions significantly expanded after CsA withdrawal. CsA inhibited the proliferation and activation of T-cells at lesion sites. The effects of CsA on T-cells were dose-dependent up to 10 mg/kg/day, after which no significant difference was evident. These results suggest that CsA inhibits periapical destruction by interfering with T-cell function in periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawahara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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Virtej A, Papadakou P, Sasaki H, Bletsa A, Berggreen E. VEGFR-2 reduces while combined VEGFR-2 and -3 signaling increases inflammation in apical periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:32433. [PMID: 27650043 PMCID: PMC5030260 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.32433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In apical periodontitis, oral pathogens provoke an inflammatory response in the apical area that induces bone resorptive lesions. In inflammation, angio- and lymphangiogenesis take place. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are key players in these processes and are expressed in immune cells and endothelial cells in the lesions. OBJECTIVE We aimed at testing the role of VEGFR-2 and -3 in periapical lesion development and investigated their role in lymphangiogenesis in the draining lymph nodes. DESIGN We induced lesions by pulp exposure in the lower first molars of C57BL/6 mice. The mice received IgG injections or blocking antibodies against VEGFR-2 (anti-R2), VEGFR-3 (anti-R3), or combined VEGFR-2 and -3, starting on day 0 until day 10 or 21 post-exposure. RESULTS Lesions developed faster in the anti-R2 and anti-R3 group than in the control and anti-R2/R3 groups. In the anti-R2 group, a strong inflammatory response was found expressed as increased number of neutrophils and osteoclasts. A decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was found in the anti-R2/R3 group. Lymphangiogenesis in the draining lymph nodes was inhibited after blocking of VEGFR-2 and/or -3, while the largest lymph node size was seen after anti-R2 treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect of VEGFR-2 signaling in periapical lesions which seems to involve neutrophil regulation and is independent of angiogenesis. Combined signaling of VEGFR-2 and -3 has a pro-inflammatory effect. Lymph node lymphangiogenesis is promoted through activation of VEGFR-2 and/or VEGFR-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Virtej
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;
| | | | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Athanasia Bletsa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ellen Berggreen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Periapical Lesions Decrease Insulin Signaling in Rat Skeletal Muscle. J Endod 2015; 41:1305-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Barichello T, Netto S, Ceretta RA, Generoso JS, Simões LR, Ribeiro PÁ, Budni J, Quevedo J. Association between Experimental Bacterial Meningitis and Periapical Lesion. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DF01-3. [PMID: 26155479 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/8477.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mortality and morbidity from bacterial meningitis in African adults is significantly higher than those in better resourced settings. At the same time, the periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and can affect up to 90% of the population. Dental caries in Uganda was recorded in 40% and 62.5% of the children and adults, respectively. We hypothesize that pneumococcal meningitis could interfere in the development of periapical lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate periapical lesion in Wistar rats subjected to pneumococcal meningitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided in control, control/periapical lesion, meningitis, and meningitis/periapical lesion groups. The surgical exposure of molars and the infection of the dental pulp were from the oral environment. Pulp necrosis was induced on the left mandibular first molars during adulthood. Dental pulps were exposed by drilling cavities on the central portion of the occlusal surface with a 1011 HL round bur in high speed to a depth nearly equal to the bur diameter. Animals were subjected to behavioral task and evaluation of the size of periodontal ligament. Data from periodontal ligament space and open field task were reported as mean ± SEM and analysed by Two-way ANOVA and paired Student's t-test, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Meningitis/periapical increased the periodontal ligament space by 61% when compared with control/periapical. In the open-field task, there were no differences in the number of crossings and rearing movements between training and test session in meningitis and periapical lesion groups demonstrating habituation memory impairment. Bacterial meningitis and periapical lesion may play an important role in development of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Soraia Netto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Renan Antonio Ceretta
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lutiana R Simões
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ávila Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , 888806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston , 77030, Houston, TX, USA
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Inflammation Biomarkers of Advanced Disease in Nongingival Tissues of Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:983782. [PMID: 26063981 PMCID: PMC4439505 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects supporting structures of the teeth. Although the gingival response is largely described, little is known about the immune changes in the alveolar bone and neighboring tissues that could indicate periodontal disease (PD) activity. Then, in this study we identified the ongoing inflammatory changes and novel biomarkers for periodontitis in the tissues directly affected by the destructive disease in PD patients. Samples were collected by osteotomy in 17 control subjects during extraction of third molars and 18 patients with advanced PD, in which alveoloplasty was necessary after extraction of teeth with previous extensive periodontal damage. Patients presented mononuclear cells infiltration in the connective tissue next to the bone and higher fibrosis area, along with increased accumulation of IL-17+ and TRAP+ cells. The levels of TNF-α and MMP-2 mRNA were also elevated compared to controls and a positive and significant correlation was observed between TNF-α and MMP-2 mRNA expression, considering all samples evaluated. In conclusion, nongingival tissues neighboring large periodontal pockets present inflammatory markers that could predict ongoing bone resorption and disease spreading. Therefore, we suggested that the detailed evaluation of these regions could be of great importance to the assessment of disease progression.
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Martinho FC, Nascimento GG, Leite FR, Gomes AP, Freitas LF, Camões IC. Clinical Influence of Different Intracanal Medications on Th1-type and Th2-type Cytokine Responses in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2015; 41:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xiao L, Zhu L, Yang S, Lei D, Xiao Y, Peng B. Different correlation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and regulatory T cells in rat periapical lesions. J Endod 2014; 41:479-86. [PMID: 25492490 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) is crucial for regulation of immunity and bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the expression of S1P1 in rat periapical lesions and its relationship with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced by pulp exposure in the first lower molars of 55 Wistar rats. Thirty rats were killed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35, and their mandibles were harvested for x-ray imaging, micro-computed tomography scanning, histologic observation, immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, and double immunofluorescence analysis. The remaining 25 rats were killed on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35, and mandibles were harvested for flow cytometry. RESULTS The volume and area of the periapical lesions increased from day 0 to day 21 and then remained comparably stable after day 28. S1P1-positive cells were observed in the inflammatory periapical regions; the number of S1P1-positive cells peaked at day 14 and then decreased from day 21 to day 35. The distribution of S1P1-positive cells was positively correlated with the dynamics of RANKL-positive cells but was negatively correlated with that of Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS S1P1 expression was differentially correlated with RANKL and Treg cell infiltration in the periapical lesions and is therefore a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqi Lei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bin Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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