1
|
Ueda A, Aihara Y, Sato S, Kano K, Mishiro-Sato E, Kitano H, Sato A, Fujimoto KJ, Yanai T, Amaike K, Kinoshita T, Itami K. Discovery of 2,6-Dihalopurines as Stomata Opening Inhibitors: Implication of an LRX-Mediated H +-ATPase Phosphorylation Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:347-355. [PMID: 36638821 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are pores in the leaf epidermis of plants and their opening and closing regulate gas exchange and water transpiration. Stomatal movements play key roles in both plant growth and stress responses. In recent years, small molecules regulating stomatal movements have been used as a powerful tool in mechanistic studies, as well as key players for agricultural applications. Therefore, the development of new molecules regulating stomatal movement and the elucidation of their mechanisms have attracted much attention. We herein describe the discovery of 2,6-dihalopurines, AUs, as a new stomatal opening inhibitor, and their mechanistic study. Based on biological assays, AUs may involve in the pathway related with plasma membrane H+-ATPase phosphorylation. In addition, we identified leucine-rich repeat extensin proteins (LRXs), LRX3, LRX4 and LRX5 as well as RALF, as target protein candidates of AUs by affinity based pull down assay and molecular dynamics simulation. The mechanism of stomatal movement related with the LRXs-RALF is an unexplored pathway, and therefore further studies may lead to the discovery of new signaling pathways and regulatory factors in the stomatal movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aihara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko Kano
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitano
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuma Amaike
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Connell CE, Sabury S, Jenkins JE, Collier GS, Sumpter BG, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Highly fluorescent purine-containing conjugated copolymers with tailored optoelectronic properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated copolymers containing electron donor and acceptor units in their main chain have emerged as promising materials for organic electronic devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Sina Sabury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J. Elias Jenkins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sengupta S, Das P. Application of diazonium chemistry in purine modifications: A focused review. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nucleophilic Arylation of Halopurines Facilitated by Brønsted Acid in Fluoroalcohol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24213812. [PMID: 31652675 PMCID: PMC6865213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various aryl-substituted purine derivatives were synthesized through the direct arylation of halopurines with aromatic compounds, facilitated by the combination of triflic acid and fluoroalcohol. This metal-free method is complementary to conventional coupling reactions using metal catalysts and reagents for the syntheses of aryl-substituted purine analogues.
Collapse
|
5
|
Plíhalová L, Vylíčilová H, Doležal K, Zahajská L, Zatloukal M, Strnad M. Synthesis of aromatic cytokinins for plant biotechnology. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:614-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Collier GS, Brown LA, Boone ES, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Synthesis of Main Chain Purine-Based Copolymers and Effects of Monomer Design on Thermal and Optical Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:682-687. [PMID: 35614655 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to incorporate diverse monomeric building blocks enables the development of advanced polymeric materials possessing a wide range of properties that suits them for myriad applications. Herein, that synthetic toolbox is expanded through the first report of purine-based copolymers in which purines are incorporated directly into the polymer main chain. Stille cross-coupling of dibromopurine monomers with benzodithiophene (BDT) comonomers is used to generate these "poly(purine)s", and variations in the substitution pattern of the purine monomer and BDT side-chains provides insight into the role of monomer design on their resultant thermal and photophysical properties. Specifically, thermal analyses show that poly(purine)s exhibit high thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures depending on the BDT side-chain substituents and substitution pattern of the purine-derived comonomer. Furthermore, optical properties measured via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies show dependence on monomer substitution pattern. These findings demonstrate the viability of synthesizing poly(purine)s via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and highlight the potential to tailor poly(purine) properties via simple alterations of comonomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lauren A. Brown
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Evan S. Boone
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synthetic Routes to N-9 Alkylated 8-Oxoguanines; Weak Inhibitors of the Human DNA Glycosylase OGG1. Molecules 2015; 20:15944-65. [PMID: 26364627 PMCID: PMC6332111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase OGG1 is involved in base excision repair (BER), one of several DNA repair mechanisms that may counteract the effects of chemo- and radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. We envisage that potent inhibitors of OGG1 may be found among the 9-alkyl-8-oxoguanines. Thus we explored synthetic routes to 8-oxoguanines and examined these as OGG1 inhibitors. The best reaction sequence started from 6-chloroguanine and involved N-9 alkylation, C-8 bromination, and finally simultaneous hydrolysis of both halides. Bromination before N-alkylation should only be considered when the N-substituent is not compatible with bromination conditions. The 8-oxoguanines were found to be weak inhibitors of OGG1. 6-Chloro-8-oxopurines, byproducts in the hydrolysis of 2,6-halopurines, turned out to be slightly better inhibitors than the corresponding 8-oxoguanines.
Collapse
|
8
|
Krömer M, Klečka M, Slavětínská L, Klepetářová B, Hocek M. Chemoselective Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (6,7-Diaryl-7-deazapurines) by Consecutive Suzuki and Liebeskind-Srogl Cross-Couplings. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Wang DC, Niu HY, Xie MS, Qu GR, Wang HX, Guo HM. Highly Regioselective Three-Component Domino Heck–Negishi Coupling Reaction for the Functionalization of Purines at C6. Org Lett 2013; 16:262-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4032683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Xuan Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piersanti G, Bartoccini F, Lucarini S, Cabri W, Stasi MA, Riccioni T, Borsini F, Tarzia G, Minetti P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of metabolites of 2-n-butyl-9-methyl-8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamine (ST1535), a potent antagonist of the A2A adenosine receptor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5456-63. [PMID: 23789814 DOI: 10.1021/jm400491x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and preliminary in vitro evaluation of five metabolites of the A2A antagonist ST1535 (1) are reported. The metabolites, originating in vivo from enzymatic oxidation of the 2-butyl group of the parent compound, were synthesized from 6-chloro-2-iodo-9-methyl-9H-purine (2) by selective C-C bond formation via halogen/magnesium exchange reaction and/or palladium-catalyzed reactions. The metabolites behaved in vitro as antagonist ligands of cloned human A2A receptor with affinities (Ki 7.5-53 nM) comparable to that of compound 1 (Ki 10.7 nM), thus showing that the long duration of action of 1 could be in part due to its metabolites. General behavior after oral administration in mice was also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino , Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lambertucci C, Sundukova M, Kachare DD, Panmand DS, Dal Ben D, Buccioni M, Marucci G, Marchenkova A, Thomas A, Nistri A, Cristalli G, Volpini R. Evaluation of adenine as scaffold for the development of novel P2X3 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:41-50. [PMID: 23688699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ligands that selectively block P2X3 receptors localized on nociceptive sensory fibres may be useful for the treatment of chronic pain conditions including neuropathic pain, migraine, and inflammatory pain. With the aim at exploring the suitability of adenine moiety as a scaffold for the development of antagonists of this receptor, a series of 9-benzyl-2-aminoadenine derivatives were designed and synthesized. These new compounds were functionally evaluated at rat or human P2X3 receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and on native P2X3 receptors from mouse trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons using patch clamp recording under voltage clamp configuration. The new molecules behaved as P2X3 antagonists, as they rapidly and reversibly inhibited (IC50 in the low micromolar range) the membrane currents induced via P2X3 receptor activation by the full agonist α,β-methyleneATP. Introduction of a small lipophilic methyl substituent at the 6-amino group enhanced the activity, in comparison to the corresponding unsubstituted derivative, resulting in the 9-(5-iodo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxybenzyl)-N(6)-methyl-9H-purine-2,6-diamine (24), which appears to be a good antagonist on recombinant and native P2X3 receptors with IC50 = 1.74 ± 0.21 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Lambertucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Katsumura S, Kobayashi T, Sakaguchi T. One-Pot Asymmetric 6π-Azaelectrocyclization as a New Strategy for Alkaloid Synthesis. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-12-761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Qu GR, Xin PY, Niu HY, Jin X, Guo XT, Yang XN, Guo HM. Microwave promoted palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloropurines with sodium tetraarylborate in water. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Nicolaou KC, Ellery SP, Rivas F, Saye K, Rogers E, Workinger TJ, Schallenberger M, Tawatao R, Montero A, Hessell A, Romesberg F, Carson D, Burton D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2',4'- and 3',4'-bridged nucleoside analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5648-69. [PMID: 21840722 PMCID: PMC3348725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most nucleosides in solution typically exist in equilibrium between two major sugar pucker forms, N-type and S-type, but bridged nucleosides can be locked into one of these conformations depending on their specific structure. While many groups have researched these bridged nucleosides for the purpose of determining their binding affinity for antisense applications, we opted to look into the potential for biological activity within these conformationally-locked structures. A small library of 2',4'- and 3',4'-bridged nucleoside analogues was synthesized, including a novel 3',4'-carbocyclic bridged system. The synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral activities, leading to the identification of nucleosides possessing such biological activities. To the best of our knowledge, these biologically active compounds represent the first example of 2',4'-bridged nucleosides to demonstrate such properties. The most potent compound, nucleoside 33, exhibited significant antiviral activity against pseudoviruses SF162 (IC(50)=7.0 μM) and HxB2 (IC(50)=2.4 μM). These findings render bridged nucleosides as credible leads for drug discovery in the anti-HIV area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zaki ME, Proença MF. Synthesis of 6-cyano and 6-unsubstituted 2-aryl-8-oxopurine from a common 2-oxoimidazole precursor. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Guo HM, Li P, Niu HY, Wang DC, Qu GR. Direct Synthesis of 6-Arylpurines by Reaction of 6-Chloropurines with Activated Aromatics. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6016-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Pu Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mathew SC, By Y, Berthault A, Virolleaud MA, Carrega L, Chouraqui G, Commeiras L, Condo J, Attolini M, Gaudel-Siri A, Ruf J, Rodriguez J, Parrain JL, Guieu R. Expeditious synthesis and biological evaluation of new C-6 1,2,3-triazole adenosine derivatives A1 receptor antagonists or agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3874-81. [PMID: 20617271 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new C-6 1,2,3-triazole adenosine derivatives via microwave assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition as key step is described. The binding on membranes of cells that over express A(1) adenosine receptors (A(1)AR) was also evaluated. Among them, four compounds increased cAMP production, in a dose-dependent manner acting as antagonists of the A(1)AR, while two compounds act as agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha C Mathew
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2-UMR CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, Service 532, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brændvang M, Bakken V, Gundersen LL. Synthesis, structure, and antimycobacterial activity of 6-[1(3H)-isobenzofuranylidenemethyl]purines and analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6512-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Qu GR, Mao ZJ, Niu HY, Wang DC, Xia C, Guo HM. Straightforward and Highly Efficient Catalyst-Free One-Step Synthesis of 2-(Purin-6-yl)acetoacetic Acid Ethyl Esters, (Purin-6-yl)acetates, and 6-Methylpurines through SNAr-Based Reactions of 6-Halopurines with Ethyl Acetoacetate. Org Lett 2009; 11:1745-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Qu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tikad A, Routier S, Akssira M, Guillaumet G. Efficient one-pot synthesis of 2,4-di(het)aryl and 2,4-diamino pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines involving regioselective SNAr and palladium-catalyzed reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:5113-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b913657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Zacharie B, Fortin D, Wilb N, Bienvenu JF, Asselin M, Grouix B, Penney C. 2,6,9-Trisubstituted purine derivatives as protein A mimetics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:242-6. [PMID: 19010675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9-substituted and 2,9-disubstituted 6-(3-aminophenylamino) purines were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mimic protein A binding to human IgG antibody. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) demonstrates that the 6-(3-aminoanilinyl) purine component was essential for activity. Purine 14 demonstrated significant activity, compared to protein A. These compounds may prove useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Čerňa I, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Hocek M. Synthesis of 6,8,9-Tri- and 2,6,8,9-Tetrasubstituted Purines by a Combination of the Suzuki Cross-coupling, N-Arylation, and Direct C−H Arylation Reactions. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9048-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8018126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Čerňa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Qu GR, Xia R, Yang XN, Li JG, Wang DC, Guo HM. Synthesis of Novel C6-Phosphonated Purine Nucleosides under Microwave Irradiation by SNAr−Arbuzov Reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2416-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702680p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Qu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ning Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongwon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Christopher Switzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piguel S, Legraverend M. Selective Amidation of 2,6-Dihalogenopurines: Application to the Synthesis of New 2,6,9-Trisubstituted Purines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7026-9. [PMID: 17685576 DOI: 10.1021/jo071196p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the palladium(0)/Xantphos-catalyzed cross-coupling of various amides with 2,6-dihalogenopurines, with substituent-dependent regioselectivity. Furthermore, subjecting the same 2,6-dihalogenopurines to SNAr conditions with amide/NaH in DMF leads to inverted regioselectivity albeit in lower yield. These methodologies allow the two-step synthesis of new 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines from readily available 2,6-dihalogenopurines.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kobayashi T, Nakashima M, Hakogi T, Tanaka K, Katsumura S. Development of a One-Pot Asymmetric Azaelectrocyclization Protocol: Synthesis of Chiral 2,4-Disubstituted 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridines. Org Lett 2006; 8:3809-12. [PMID: 16898823 DOI: 10.1021/ol061405c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A one-pot procedure for tetracyclic chiral aminoacetals, the useful precursors for substituted piperidine synthesis, has been established via Stille-Migita coupling, 6pi-azaelectrocyclization, and aminoacetal formation from readily prepared vinylstannanes, vinyliodides, and cis-aminoindanol derivatives. Based on the method, chiral 2,4-disubstituted 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines, bearing a variety of aromatic substituents at the C-2 position, have been prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyoharu Kobayashi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang LCW, Spanjersberg RF, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel JK, Mulder-Krieger T, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. 2,6-disubstituted and 2,6,8-trisubstituted purines as adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2861-7. [PMID: 16686529 DOI: 10.1021/jm050640i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purines have long been exploited as adenosine receptor antagonists. The substitution pattern about the purine ring has been well investigated, and certain criteria have become almost a prerequisite for good affinity at the adenosine A(1) receptor. The adaptation of the pharmacophore and the initial series of pyrimidines developed in an earlier publication resulted in a series of purines with an entirely new substitution pattern. One compound in particular, 8-cyclopentyl-2,6-diphenylpurine (31, LUF 5962) has been shown to be very promising with an affinity of 0.29 nM at the human adenosine A(1) receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C W Chang
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weterings JJ, Khan S, van der Heden GJ, Drijfhout JW, Melief CJM, Overkleeft HS, van der Burg SH, Ossendorp F, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV. Synthesis of 2-alkoxy-8-hydroxyadenylpeptides: towards synthetic epitope-based vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3258-61. [PMID: 16581248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of three different 2-alkoxy-8-hydroxyadenylpeptide conjugates has been accomplished by solid-phase synthesis combined with 'on-resin' Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition. The immunogenicity of the compounds has been evaluated in IL-12 production and antigen presentation assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Weterings
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Four purine-2,6-diamines, 4a, b, 5a, b, nineteen N-(purin-2-yl)benzenecarboxamides 6a-q, 7b, and one N-(purin-2-yl)-2-furanecarboxamide 8 were prepared for the first time and tested for their inhibition of blood platelet aggregation. Six compounds, 6a, b, h, m, o, p, inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by collagen with IC(50 )values between 3 and 10 micromol/L in the Born test. ADP, PAF, and adrenaline were used as specific aggregation inducers to examine the mechanism of the anti-aggregating activity. An astonishing pattern of activities in the nanomolar, with 6m, 7b, 8 and even subnanomolar range, with 6b, was observed. Compound 6b inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP with an IC(50) = 0.45 nM (6m: 3.5 nM; 8: 30 nM). Compound 7b showed an antagonism against the inducer adrenaline with an IC(50) = 1.8 nM (6o: 20 nM; 8: 30 nM). The strongest antagonism against PAF was observed with 7b showing an IC(50) = 1 nM (6b: 35 nM; 8: 74 nM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Märschenz
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Šilhár P, Pohl R, Votruba I, Klepetářová B, Hocek M. Synthesis of 6-Amino-, 6-Methyl- and 6-Aryl-2-(hydroxymethyl)purine Bases and Nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology of the synthesis of 6-substituted 2-(hydroxymethyl)purine derivatives (bases and nucleosides) was developed. Regioselective Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloro-2-iodopurines with [(benzoyloxy)methyl]zinc iodide gave 2-[(benzoyloxy)-methyl]-6-chloropurines that were converted to 2-(hydroxymethyl)adenines by reactions with ammonia and to 6-methyl- or 6-aryl-2-(hydroxymethyl)purines by cross-coupling reactions with trimethylaluminium or arylboronic acids followed by deprotection. The title 6-substituted 2-(hydroxymethyl)purine bases and nucleosides did not exhibit significant cytostatic or anti-HCV activity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Braendvang M, Gundersen LL. Selective anti-tubercular purines: Synthesis and chemotherapeutic properties of 6-aryl- and 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6360-73. [PMID: 16081292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
6-Aryl- and 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines have been synthesized employing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions in the step forming the C-C or C-N bond between the aryl- or heteroaryl and the purine. The compounds were screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as representative Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, and for cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. Several potent antimycobacterials were identified. These compounds probably act by a novel and selective mechanism; they exhibit low toxicity toward other bacteria as well as mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yin L, Liebscher J, Erdmann F. New calcineurin inhibiting 3-dimethylaminopropyl substituted diarylheterocycles by sonogashira reactions and catalytic hydrogenation. J Heterocycl Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570420717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Hocek M, Pohl R, Císařová I. Highly Methylated Purines and Purinium Salts as Analogues of Heteromines. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
36
|
Bakkestuen AK, Gundersen LL, Utenova BT. Synthesis, biological activity, and SAR of antimycobacterial 9-aryl-, 9-arylsulfonyl-, and 9-benzyl-6-(2-furyl)purines. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2710-23. [PMID: 15801862 DOI: 10.1021/jm0408924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
9-Aryl-, 9-arylsulfonyl- and 9-benzyl-6-(2-furyl)purines were synthesized by N-alkylation or N-arylation of the purine followed by Stille coupling to introduce the furyl substituent in the 6-position and the compounds screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The 9-aryl- and 9-sulfonylarylpurines exhibited weak activity toward the bacteria, but 9-benzylpurines were good inhibitors especially those carrying electron-donating substituents on the phenyl ring. A chlorine atom in the purine 2-position further enhanced activity. The high antimycobacterial activity (MIC 0.39 microg/mL against M. tuberculosis), low toxicity against mammalian cells and activity inside macrophages found for 2-chloro-6-(2-furyl)-9-(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)-9H-purine makes this compound a highly interesting potential antituberculosis drug.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Malterud KE, Rise F. 6-Substituted Purines as Inhibitors of 15-Lipoxygenase; a Structure-Activity Study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:159-66. [PMID: 15864785 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) has been implicated in oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), a process believed to be important for the development of atherosclerosis, as well as other pathogenic conditions. Potent and selective inhibitors of 15-LO may have a drug potential. In this study, purines with a variety of substituents have been examined as inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) from soybeans. Several 6-substitued purines where the purine ring and a phenyl ring in the substituent were separated by a "spacer" were synthesized and their ability to inhibit the enzyme was explored. Sepa ration of the purine and the phenyl rings with none, one or two sp3-carbons resulted in essentially inactive compounds, trans-styrylpurines and phenylethynylpurines, on the other hand, they exhibited activity close to the well-known 15-LO inhibitor quercetin. High activity was also found when the "spacer" was a trans-cyclopropyl ring. The shape of the spacer was important; a corresponding cis-cyclopropylpurine exhibited much less affinity for the enzyme. Only minor differences in inhibitory activity against 15-LO were found regardless of whether an N-substituent was situated on N-9 or N-7, even when the N-substituent was relatively large. Also, a variety of substituents in the purine 2- and 8-position were well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bråthe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schröter S, Stock C, Bach T. Regioselective cross-coupling reactions of multiple halogenated nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
Šilhár P, Pohl R, Votruba I, Hocek M. Synthesis of 2-Substituted 6-(Hydroxymethyl)purine Bases and Nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20051669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient methodology of the synthesis of 6-(hydroxymethyl)purine derivatives (bases and nucleosides) was developed based on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 6-halopurines or N-protected 2-amino-6-halopurines with (benzoyloxymethyl)zinc iodide followed by deprotection. Regioselective hydroxymethylations of 2,6-dihalopurines were also studied and used for the synthesis of 2-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)- or 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)purines. The 6-(hydroxymethyl)purine ribonucleoside 5f exerted high cytostatic effect and moderate inhibition of adenosine deaminase, while all the other derivatives were much less effective or entirely inactive.
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Wang JF, Zhang LR, Yang ZJ, Zhang LH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-substituted purine and 9-beta-d-ribofuranosyl purine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1425-9. [PMID: 15018915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
6-Substituted purine and 9-beta-d-ribofuranosyl purine analogues were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. CD Spectra and thermal melting studies showed that compounds 8, 9, 10 could interact with RNA and DNA in solution. Compound 8 and 10 may bind with RNA single strand and interfere the formation of RNA duplex. Among of these compounds, compound 8 showed middle inhibition on the growth of HeLa cells (70.21%) and HL-60 cells (70.85%) at 10 microM. Comparing to the structures of these synthetic compounds, it may indicate that the sugar moiety and the 6-amino side chain of nucleoside 8 play an important role in the biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Wang
- National Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Joshi RA, Patil PS, Muthukrishnan M, Ramana C, Gurjar MK. Copper-mediated coupling of aminopurines and aminopyrimidines with arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Hocek M, Dvoráková H. An efficient synthesis of 2-substituted 6-methylpurine bases and nucleosides by Fe- or Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 2,6-dichloropurines. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5773-6. [PMID: 12839482 DOI: 10.1021/jo034351i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fe-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 9-substituted or protected 2,6-dichloropurines with 1 equiv of methylmagnesium chloride gave regioselectively 2-chloro-6-methylpurines in good yields. The same reactions with 3 equiv of methylmagnesium chloride or Pd-catalyzed reactions with trimethylaluminum afforded 2,6-dimethylpurines. The 2-chloro-6-methylpurines underwent another coupling with phenylboronic acid to give 6-methyl-2-phenylpurines. All reactions were perfomed for Bn- and THP-protected purine bases as well as for acyl-protected ribosides and 2-deoxyribosides. After deprotection, free purine bases and nucleosides were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sedlák M, Šimůnek P, Antonietti M. Synthesis and15N NMR characterization of 4-vinylbenzyl substituted bases of nucleic acids. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi A Agrofoglio
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759-Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wan Z, Boehm JC, Bower MJ, Kassis S, Lee JC, Zhao B, Adams JL. N-Phenyl-N-purin-6-yl ureas: the design and synthesis of p38alpha MAP kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1191-4. [PMID: 12643941 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and SAR of a series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine inhibitors of p38alpha kinase is reported. Synthetic routes were devised to allow for array synthesis in which all three points of diversity could be facilely explored. The binding of this novel series to p38alpha kinase, which was predicted to have several key interactions in common with SB-203580, was confirmed by X-ray crystallography of 19 (p38 IC(50)=82 nM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Wan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory and Inflammation CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA. zehong_2_wan.gsk.com
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Nissen-Meyer J, Rise F, Spilsberg B. Cytotoxic activity of 6-alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:877-80. [PMID: 12617912 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
6-Alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines have been screened for cytotoxic activity against a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line; K-562 cells using a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Most alkynes displayed cytotoxicity comparable to, or better than, the known anticancer drugs 6-mercaptopurine and fludarabine. The 6-alkenylpurines, which are promising plant growth stimulators and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, exhibited only low toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bråthe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Synthesis of carba-analogues of myoseverin by regioselective cross-coupling reactions of 2,6-dichloro-9-isopropylpurine. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
50
|
Hocek M. Syntheses of Purines Bearing Carbon Substituents in Positions 2, 6 or 8 by Metal‐ or Organometal‐Mediated C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200390025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Fax: (internat.) + 420‐2/33331271
| |
Collapse
|