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Sami-Merah S, Hammoudi-Triki D, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Laraba-Djebari F. Combination of two antibody fragments F(ab′)2/Fab: An alternative for scorpion envenoming treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1386-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdel-Wahab MF, Abdo MS, Megahed YM, Osman OH. Labelling, Fractionation and Toxicity of Scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus H and E) Venom, using 125I, 131I and Gel-Filtration Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10256017408623254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Abdel-Wahab
- a Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- b Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- c Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- d Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. S. Abdo
- a Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- b Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- c Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- d Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y. M. Megahed
- a Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- b Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- c Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- d Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - O. H. Osman
- a Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- b Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- c Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- d Radioisotope Department , A.E.E., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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More SS, Kiran KM, Gadag JR. Dose-dependent serum biochemical alterations in Wistar albino rats after Palamneus gravimanus (Indian black scorpion) envenomation. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 15:263-75. [PMID: 15803962 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2004.15.3-4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Palamneus gravimanus envenomated rats showed dose-dependent alterations in serum biochemical parameters. Sub lethal doses of 100, 200, and 400 microg/kg of P. gravimanus venom were injected intramuscularly into rats. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture before and 4 h after crude venom administration. Serum was analyzed for glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, total protein, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST-SGOT), alanine amino-transferase (ALT-SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). Statistically significant increases in serum levels of glucose, creatinine, AST, ALT, BUN, CPK, and LDH and significant decreases in serum levels of total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, calcium, and potassium 4 h after venom administration could be due to the toxic action of P. gravimanus venom on certain organs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S More
- Karnatak University Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Toxinology Division, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad-580001, Karnataka, India.
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Omran MA, Abdel-Rahman MS. Effect of scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H&E) venom on the clinical chemistry parameters of the rat. Toxicol Lett 1992; 61:99-109. [PMID: 1609445 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90068-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Egyptian scorpion venom was collected by electrical stimulation of the telson. Rats were injected with the lyophilized venom in 3 different doses (100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg). Blood samples were drawn by heart puncture before and 4 h after venom administration. Serum was separated and collected for determination of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid (UA), total proteins, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Serum glucose, creatinine, GOT, GPT and LDH were increased significantly in all treatments. At the same time serum BUN and CPK were elevated significantly with a dose-response relationship. On the other hand, serum total proteins, uric acid, cholesterol, calcium and potassium were significantly decreased 4 h after administration of the 3 doses. These changes in clinical chemistry parameters are most probably related to the toxic effect of the venom on the target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Omran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103-2714
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Ismail M, Abd-Elsalam MA. Are the toxicological effects of scorpion envenomation related to tissue venom concentration? Toxicon 1988; 26:233-56. [PMID: 3293264 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled Androctonus amoreuxi venom and its lethal fraction was studied in rabbits. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of labelled A. amoreuxi, Leisurus quinquestriatus and Buthotus judaicus venoms were carried out in guinea-pigs. The pharmacokinetics of A. amoreuxi venom was also studied in rats. Groups of rats were injected with labelled A. amoreuxi venom and killed at frequent time intervals for the determination of the relative tissue venom concentration as a function of time. Several groups of rabbits were injected with A. amoreuxi venom and serial blood samples withdrawn at time intervals comparable with those used in the pharmacokinetic studies for the determination of serum glucose, insulin, cortisol, total proteins, albumin, globulins, cholesterol, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, bicarbonate, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. The packed cell volume, and total and differential leucocyte counts were also determined. In another series of experiments continuous monitoring of the electrocardiograms of rabbits following venom injection was made to correlate any abnormalities with tissue venom concentration. All three venoms and the lethal fraction showed an open two-compartment behaviour with rapid distribution half-lives ranging between 4 and 7 min and overall elimination half-lives of 4.2 to 13.4 hr. The behaviour of A. amoreuxi venom was not markedly different in the three species of animals used. In a given species (guinea-pigs) the behaviour of the three venoms was not markedly different. Correlation of the ECG changes with cardiac venom concentration showed that arrhythmias and infarction occurred at times when cardiac concentration was very low, indicating that the cardiac abnormalities might result from indirect factors. Comparison of the course of the biochemical changes with venom concentration in the central compartment indicated that the site of action of the venom is not located in the central compartment. Correlation of the intensity of the biochemical effects with venom concentration in the peripheral compartment revealed an apparent delay in the onset and peak of action. This was explained by assuming that the tissue compartment could be divided into a rapidly accessible and a slowly accessible compartment with the venom acting through the slowly accessible compartment. There was also the possibility of the venom acting indirectly through the release of other substances or transformation to an intermediate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Schmidt H, Swelam N, El-Asmar MF. Effects of a cercarial toxin derived from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus on frog skeletal muscle. Toxicon 1983; 21:833-41. [PMID: 6606864 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(83)90072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cercarial toxin, a protein purified from Leiurus quinquestriatus venom and toxic to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, was examined for its effects on frog twitch muscle fibres. In concentrations of 3.4-12 microM the toxin, after a delay of several minutes, produced a slowly developing depolarization of the resting membrane and high frequency miniature endplate potentials associated with spontaneous firing of muscle fibre action potentials and twitching. The action potential duration increased from about 3 to more than 100 msec. In advanced stages of poisoning the amplitude of action potentials decreased while oscillations on the plateau level occurred. Short electrical pulses were followed by repetitive firing of prolonged action potentials, while long stimuli elicited long-lasting action potentials with oscillations on the plateau level. Addition of d-tubocurarine blocked spontaneous sub- and suprathreshold activity. Increasing the Ca concentration of the medium markedly shortened the action potentials and stopped repetitive firing. It is concluded that cercarial toxin interferes with the ionic permeabilities of frog twitch fibres in a way similar to that reported for crude venom or one of its highly toxic fractions in frog nerve.
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Tash F, Ghoneim K, Swelam N, Bassiony MF, El-Asmar MF. Effect of a scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus H and E) venom on blood gases and acid-base balance in the rat. Toxicon 1982; 20:802-5. [PMID: 7135419 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(82)90129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Leiurus quinquestriatus crude venom caused metabolic alkalosis which was partially compensated by respiratory acidosis. Fraction 1 of the venom caused metabolic and respiratory acidosis. The other fractions caused metabolic alkalosis with various degrees of compensation by respiratory acidosis. Fraction 1 caused a marked decrease in blood pH. Hypoxia seemed to be an important contributing factor for this change. Sodium levels decreased while potassium levels increased in the plasma.
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Ali SF, Tariq M, Hasan M, Haider SS. Effect of Russell's venom on lipid peroxidation in organs of the mouse. Toxicon 1981; 19:903-5. [PMID: 7336454 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(81)90089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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El-Asmar MF, Swelam N, Abdel Aal TM, Ghoneim K, Hodhod SS. Factor(s) in the venom of scorpions toxic to Schistosoma mansoni (intestinal belharzia) cercariae. Toxicon 1980; 18:711-5. [PMID: 7222077 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(80)90106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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El-Asmar MF, Farag RM, Shoukry S, El-Smimi IR. Effect of scorpion (Leiurus Quinquestriatus H and E) venom on lipid metabolism. Toxicon 1979; 17:279-83. [PMID: 473243 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(79)90218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wright RP, Chan TK, Honetschlager L, Howell DE, Odell GV. Enzymes and toxins of the scorpion venom Palamneus gravimanus. Toxicon 1977; 15:197-205. [PMID: 867436 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(77)90045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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El-Asmar MF, Ismail M, Ghoneim K, Osman OH. Scorpion (Buthus minax, L. Koch) venom fractions with anticholinesterase activity. Toxicon 1977; 15:63-9. [PMID: 841593 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(77)90071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nair RB, Kurup PA. Investigations on the venom of the South Indian scorpion Heterometrus scaber. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 381:165-74. [PMID: 1111582 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(75)90198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes from the venom of Heterometrus scaber, the indole compounds present and the toxic protein of the venom have been studied. The venom contains acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, acetylcholine esterase and phospholipase. A. The indole compounds present in the venom have been identified as 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptophan, serotonin and tryptamine, along with two unidentified indole compounds. The venom produces hyperglycaemia in sublethal doses and this has been found to be due to increased adrenaline secretion. The toxic protein of the venom has been obtained in a pure form by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, followed by fractional precipitation with acetone and chromatography over DEAE-Sephadex. The toxic fraction has been found to be homogeneous on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is a glycoprotein (molecular weight 15 000) containing 1.74% glucosamine, 0.87% galactosamine, 0.313% sialic acid, 3.25% fucose and 0.45% of an unidentified neutral sugar. It did not show any enzyme activities, haemolytic activity or inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity but it produced hyperglycaemia in sublethal doses. The toxic level (intravenous administration in rats) was found to be 0.72 mg/kg body weight.
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Babin DR, Watt DD, Goos SM, Mlejnek RV. Amino acid sequences of neurotoxic protein variants from the venom of Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 164:694-706. [PMID: 4460885 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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An investigation of the venom of the Central Asian scorpion. Chem Nat Compd 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00563856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ismail M, Kertesz G, Osman OH, Sidra MS. Distribution of 125I labelled scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus H and E) venom in rat. Toxicon 1974; 12:209-11. [PMID: 4851415 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(74)90247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ismail M, Osman OH, Gumaa KA, Karrar MA. Some pharmacological studies with scorpion (Pandinus exitialis) venom. Toxicon 1974; 12:75-82. [PMID: 4818648 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(74)90102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ismail M, Osman OH, el-Asmar MF. Pharmacological studies of the venom from the scorpion Buthus minax (L. Koch). Toxicon 1973; 11:15-20. [PMID: 4725557 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(73)90146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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