1
|
Marrero G, Delgado LP, Caroll H, Ortiz N, Musacchio A, Menendez T. Development of a polystyrene latex-based reagent for rheumatoid factor detection. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A rapid, specific and sensible polystyrene latex-based reagent has been developed to detect rheumatoid factor (RF) in human sera. Detection of RF is one of the criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis. RF includes immunoglobulins IgG, IgM or IgA targeting human-IgG Fc region, found in sera of 70–90% of patients with RA. Spherical, clean polystyrene particles of 480±80 nm with a Z-potential of -28 mV were synthesized. Purified gamma-globulin human blood fraction, used as IgG source, was adsorbed on particles in glycine-buffered saline with a fivefold excess of the immunoglobulins needed to saturate the calculated total surface area of the particles. The reagent was calibrated against the World Health Organization international serum reference preparation and tested with commercial positive and negative RF controls. Reactivity of the developed diagnostic reagent with human sera, either positive or negative for RF, was evaluated. The sera were tested both intact and following complement inactivation. When complement-inactivated sera were used, our reagent showed 100% coincidence of results with a commercial diagnostic kit of specificity of 80% and sensibility of 93%. The in-house reagent developed in the present work is easy to prepare and at relatively low cost, making it ideal for RF detection in low-income settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Marrero
- Center of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Humberto Caroll
- Center for Production of Biological Products “Carlos J. Finlay”, Havana, Cuba
| | - Neise Ortiz
- National Center of Rheumatology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Tamara Menendez
- Center of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The isoelectric points of three baculoviruses, Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), T. ni granulosis virus, and Spodoptera littoralis NPV were identified by cell electrophoresis. At neutral pH polyhedra were negatively charged. T. ni NPV polyhedra were reacted with a number of reagents which could potentially attach to or degrade their surface structure. This gave information on the components that contribute to the charge profile of T. ni NPV. This is discussed in relation to the use of polyhedra as biological control agents against insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Small
- Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Virology, Oxford OX1 3SR, England
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Granados RR, Lawler KA. In vivo pathway of Autographa californica baculovirus invasion and infection. Virology 2008; 108:297-308. [PMID: 18635031 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/1980] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathway of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) infection in cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, larval midgut cells was studied by ultrastructural and virus titration methods. Enveloped virions interacted with microvilli of columnar cells resulting in apparent fusion of the viral envelope and microvillus membrane. After entry into the cell cytoplasm, the intact nucleocapsids appeared to enter the nucleus through nuclear pores, and uncoating of the viral genome took place in the nucleoplasm. Viral progeny were first observed at 8 hr postinoculation (p. i.) and the developmental cycle of the virus was essentially completed by 24 hr p.i. Inoculum virus nucleocapsids also moved to the basal plasma membrane and budded into the hemocoel through the basal lamina within 0.5 hr p.i. We propose that this budded virus, possessing an envelope with a peplomer structure, is the primary inoculum for the systemic invasion of the insect host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Granados
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soares JS, Ribeiro BM. Pathology of Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae infected by two recombinant A. gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses. Res Microbiol 2005; 156:263-9. [PMID: 15748993 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 09/11/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Light and stereomicroscopy examinations of Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV)-infected insects were performed in order to follow infection in its host, A. gemmatalis. Fourth-instar A. gemmatalis larvae were infected by administration of occluded virus (polyhedra) from two recombinant AgMNPV viruses (vAgEGTDelta-lacZ or vAgGalA2) directly into the larvae foregut. The recombinant virus vAgEGTDelta-lacZ has the beta-galactosidase gene (lac-Z) of Escherichia coli under the control of a constitutive promoter (hsp70 from Drosophila melanogaster). The vAgGalA2 virus has the reporter gene lac-Z under the control of the AgMNPV very late polyhedrin gene promoter. At different times post-infection (p.i.) the infected larvae were dissected, fixed, and the product of the expression of the lac-Z gene detected by incubating the insects in a buffer containing X-gal. This allowed us to follow the infection through the blue cells (due to the degradation of X-gal by the enzyme Lac-Z). Insect larvae inoculated with polyhedra from the recombinant viruses showed midgut cells to be infected first, followed by tracheal cells, hemolymph, fat body, Malpighian tubules and brain cells. The infection was similar for the two recombinant viruses, with blue cells appearing earlier in insects infected with the vAgEGTDelta-lacZ virus when compared to the vAgGalA2 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José S Soares
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Virology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palhan VB, Gopinathan KP. Thep10 gene ofBombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus encodes a 7.5-kDa protein and is hypertranscribed from a TAAG motif. J Genet 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02728943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Hawtin RE, King LA, Possee RD. Prospects for the development of a genetically engineered baculovirus insecticide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780340103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Booth TF, Bonning BC, Hammock BD. Localization of juvenile hormone esterase during development in normal and in recombinant baculovirus-infected larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni. Tissue Cell 1992; 24:267-82. [PMID: 1589874 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(92)90100-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and cellular localization of juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) was examined in larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni, infected with a recombinant baculovirus (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: AcNPV) engineered to produce high levels of JHE (JHE virus). The course of JHE localization in the recombinant virus infected larvae was compared with that of both wild type AcNPV infected, and uninfected larvae, using immunogold electron microscopy. In the JHE virus infected insects, high levels of JHE were observed in the endoplasmic reticulum of all cells showing evidence of viral structures in the nucleus, except for gut cells which showed only background JHE levels. Tracheole cells and haemocytes appeared to play a role in the dissemination of infection. In uninfected larvae, fat body and epidermis were the major tissues staining for JHE, which was only detectable at peak times of JHE activity during the fifth instar: lower levels at other times could not be distinguished from background. JHE was also present in lysosomes of granular haemocytes: these lysosomes increased in number in the fifth instar compared to the fourth instar. Similar lysosome-like granules in the pericardial cells did not become highly positive for JHE antigen until the fifth instar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F Booth
- Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology, Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Whitt MA, Manning JS. A phosphorylated 34-kDa protein and a subpopulation of polyhedrin are thiol linked to the carbohydrate layer surrounding a baculovirus occlusion body. Virology 1988; 163:33-42. [PMID: 3279702 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Surrounding baculovirus occlusion bodies is an electron-dense layer reported to be composed of carbohydrate which we term calyx. Incubation of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus occlusion bodies (AcMNPV OBs) with dilute alkaline saline (DAS) followed by centrifugation at 12,000 g resulted in the sedimentation of calyx material which contained pp34, residual polyhedrin (p32), and entrapped occluded virions (DAS P-12 fraction). Incubation of the DAS P-12 fraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resulted in solubilization of the entrapped virions and the majority of p32, while calyx material, pp34, and some p32 remained sedimentable at 12,000 g. Immunofluorescence microscopy of DAS-solubilized OBs using monoclonal antibody to pp34 and p32 revealed that both pp34 and p32 are closely associated with the calyx. When DAS P-12 fractions were resuspended in SDS and reducing agent, not only were the entrapped virions solubilized, but pp34 and the remaining p32 were also liberated, indicating that pp34 and a subpopulation of p32 are associated with the calyx via thiol linkages. Immunoblot analysis and peptide mapping demonstrated that pp34 is neither immunologically nor structurally related to p32. The kinetics of pp34 synthesis were also examined by immunoprecipitation of infected cell polypeptides using pp34-specific monoclonal antibody. pp34 was detected initially 15 hr postinfection (p.i.) and continued to be phosphorylated until 60-70 hr p.i. This study demonstrates that the AcMNPV calyx has a proteinaceous component and we propose that other occluded baculoviruses may also have a calyx-associated protein analogous to pp34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Whitt
- Department of Bacteriology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pappalardo R, Mari J, Bonami JR. Tau (tau) virus infection of Carcinus mediterraneus: histology, cytopathology, and experimental transmission of the disease. J Invertebr Pathol 1986; 47:361-8. [PMID: 3084663 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(86)90107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
11
|
Consigli RA, Russell DL, Wilson ME. The biochemistry and molecular biology of the granulosis virus that infects Plodia interpunctella. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1986; 131:69-101. [PMID: 3545695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71589-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
A synopsis of studies on the synergistic property of an insect baculovirus: A tribute to Edward A. Steinhaus. J Invertebr Pathol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(85)90001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
Stiles B, Dunn PE, Paschke JD. Histopathology of a nuclear polyhedrosis infection in Aedes epactius with observations in four additional mosquito species. J Invertebr Pathol 1983; 41:191-202. [PMID: 6132948 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(83)90219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
16
|
Consigli RA, Tweeten KA, Anderson DK, Bulla LA. Granulosis viruses, with emphasis on the GV of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Adv Virus Res 1983; 28:141-73. [PMID: 6362364 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The granulosis viruses and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are being considered for use as biological insecticides for control of their insect hosts. Many of these insect species, which include some of the most serious pests of agriculture and forests, have become difficult to control because they have developed resistance to chemical insecticides. Several laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the baculoviruses (GV and NPV) are promising alternatives to chemicals for the control of economically important insects. These viruses are highly virulent, selective, and stable, and the impact on the environment following their application is minimal. A decision concerning the application of baculoviruses to stored grain and field crops must be based upon a prudent consideration of the benefits to be obtained and the potential risks of their use. Such decisions should be made only after consideration of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of these viruses. In addition, methods must be developed for the unequivocal identification of these viruses, and their effects on nontarget species at the cellular and molecular levels must be investigated. This can best be accomplished if a sufficient body of knowledge regarding the molecular properties of these viruses and their infection process is accumulated by an extensive quantitative approach. Much of this knowledge is lacking because, prior to their consideration for use as insecticides, the baculoviruses appeared to have little medical or economic importance. As a result, interest in studying them was limited. It has become obvious that the molecular properties of these viruses must be investigated if full advantage is to be taken of using them as insect control agents, and if present and future problems concerning their use as insecticides are to be handled properly. Fundamental research on the biochemical and biophysical properties of baculoviruses has concentrated mainly on a variety of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Harrap, 1972a,b; Harrap et al., 1977; Summers and Smith, 1975a,b; Arif and Brown, 1975). Much of this progress can be attributed to tissue culture-host cell systems available for the NPVs. The in vitro host system(s) has allowed insect virologists to make phenomenal strides in understanding the cellular and molecular events of virus infection, and, in addition, to enter the era of biochemical sophistication in which animal virology is found at present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Moore NF, Armstrong T, Green B, Brown D, Hibbin J, Kelly DC, Tinsley TW, Aloo TC. Characterization of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Isolated from Diseased Gonometa podocarpi (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae). Appl Environ Microbiol 1981; 42:308-16. [PMID: 16345830 PMCID: PMC244007 DOI: 10.1128/aem.42.2.308-316.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonometa podocarpi is an important pest of several species of pine in East Africa, and large numbers of trees in plantations in Kenya were partially or completely defoliated by the larval stage of this insect. After the infestation in the Mt. Elgon region, large numbers of dead and moribund larvae were found on the ground. Examination of extracts of these larvae demonstrated the presence of an occluded virus. Electron microscopy of purified sectioned polyhedra demonstrated the presence of virus particles containing from 1 to 12 nucleocapsids. Purification of virus particles from polyhedra was accomplished by using alkali solubilization and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Virus particles contained 15 proteins as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Detergent solubilization of the virus particles released polyhedra containing one major structural protein. Electron microscopy of purified virus particles and nucleocapsids demonstrated them to be similar in structure to previously recorded nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. The viral deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and spread for electron microscopy and was determined to have a size of approximately 80 x 10 daltons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N F Moore
- Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Virology, Oxford OX1 3UB, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Tanada Y, Inoue H, Hess RT, Omi EM. Site of action of a synergistic factor of a granulosis virus of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta. J Invertebr Pathol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(80)90158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
21
|
Yamamoto T, Tanada Y. Acylamines enhance the infection of a baculovirus of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). J Invertebr Pathol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(80)90161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Midgut pH in different instars of three Aedes mosquito species and the relation between pH and susceptibility of larvae to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Invertebr Pathol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(80)90084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Comparative analysis of the enveloped virions of two granulosis viruses of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta. Virology 1979; 94:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/1978] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Zherebtsova EN. Replication of baculoviruses in established insect cell lines: phenomenon of attenuation. Brief review. Arch Virol 1978; 57:283-90. [PMID: 356823 DOI: 10.1007/bf01320067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Biochemical properties of viral envelopes of insect baculoviruses and their role in infectivity. J Invertebr Pathol 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(78)90031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
26
|
Kawarabata T, Aratake Y. Functional differences between occluded and nonoccluded viruses of a nuclear polyhedrosis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 1978; 31:329-36. [PMID: 355559 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(78)90224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Harrap KA, Payne CC, Robertson JS. The properties of three baculoviruses from closely related hosts. Virology 1977; 79:14-31. [PMID: 68620 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Kawamoto F, Suto C, Kumada N, Kobayashi M. Cytoplasmic budding of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and comparative ultrastructural studies of envelopes. Microbiol Immunol 1977; 21:255-65. [PMID: 329061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1977.tb00286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
30
|
Tanada Y, Hess RT. Development of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in midgut cells and penetration of the virus into the hemocoel of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta. J Invertebr Pathol 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(76)90072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Knudson DL, Harrap KA. Replication of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell culture of Spodoptera frugiperda: microscopy study of the sequence of events of the virus infection. J Virol 1976; 17:254-68. [PMID: 1107597 PMCID: PMC515410 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.17.1.254-268.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A microscopy study of the sequence of morphogenic events of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection of S. frugiperda cells is presented which orders the sequence of replication and establishes the time scale within which the events occur. The virus entered the cell by 1 h postinfection and was uncoated. The eclipse period was 9 h and the latent period was 12 h. Polyhedron formation was detected by 18 h postinfection and continued until the deposition of the polyhedron membrane was completed by 48 h postinfection. Aberrant morphogenic characteristics of virus repeatedly passaged in the cell culture were also recorded. Adsorption, envelope morphogenesis, and release mechanisms are discussed in light of other data on in vivo and in vitro baculovirus infections.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hirumi H, Hirumi K, McIntosh AH. MORPHOGENESIS OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF THE ALFALFA LOOPER IN A CONTINUOUS CABBAGE LOOPER CELL LINE. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Tanada Y, Hess RT, Omi EM. Invasion of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in midgut of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta, and the enhancement of a synergistic enzyme. J Invertebr Pathol 1975; 26:99-104. [PMID: 1097539 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(75)90174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
35
|
Nappi A, Hammill T. Viral release and membrane acquisition by budding through the nuclear envelope of hemocytes of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar. J Invertebr Pathol 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(75)90237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Raghow R, Grace TD. Studies on a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Bombyx mori cells in vitro. 1. Multiplication kinetics and ultrastructural studies. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1974; 47:384-99. [PMID: 4600202 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(74)90016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Granados RR. Entry of an insect poxvirus by fusion of the virus envelope with the host cell membrane. Virology 1973; 52:305-9. [PMID: 4803398 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Kawanishi CY, Summers MD, Stoltz DB, Arnott HJ. Entry of an insect virus in vivo by fusion of viral envelope and microvillus membrane. J Invertebr Pathol 1972; 20:104-8. [PMID: 5044280 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(72)90088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
42
|
Nordin G, Maddox J. Effects of simultaneous virus and microsporidian infections on larvae of Hyphantria cunea. J Invertebr Pathol 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(72)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Gouranton J. Development of an intranuclear nonoccluded rod-shaped virus in some midgut cells of an adult insect, Gyrinus natator L. (Coleoptera). JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1972; 39:281-94. [PMID: 5026885 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(72)90023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Khosaka T, Himeno M. Infectivity of the components of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(72)90189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Livingston J, Yearian W. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Pseudoplusia includens (lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Invertebr Pathol 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(72)90195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
47
|
Stoltz DB, Summers MD. Pathway of infection of mosquito iridescent virus. I. Preliminary observations on the fate of ingested virus. J Virol 1971; 8:900-9. [PMID: 4152171 PMCID: PMC376281 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.6.900-909.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito iridescent virus (MIV) is ingested in large amounts by first- and second-instar Aedes taeniorhynchus larvae without causing a high rate of infection. Electron microscope studies have been undertaken to determine the fate of ingested virus. Preliminary observations suggest that most, if not all, ingested particles are degraded shortly after entering the midgut. MIV and other virus particles employed in this study were apparently unable to penetrate the peritrophic membrane; consequently, none was observed inside, or in contact with, midgut epithelial cells.
Collapse
|