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Saied AA, Metwally AA, Mohamed HMA, Haridy MAM. The contribution of bovines to human health against viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46999-47023. [PMID: 34272669 PMCID: PMC8284698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world. Bovines have a longstanding history of significant contributions to human nutrition, agricultural, industrial purposes, medical research, drug and vaccine development, and livelihood. The life cycle, genomic structures, viral proteins, and pathophysiology of bovine viruses studied in vitro paved the way for understanding the human counterparts. Calf model has been used for testing vaccines against RSV, papillomavirus vaccines and anti-HCV agents were principally developed after using the BPV and BVDV model, respectively. Some bovine viruses-based vaccines (BPIV-3 and bovine rotaviruses) were successfully developed, clinically tried, and commercially produced. Cows, immunized with HIV envelope glycoprotein, produced effective broadly neutralizing antibodies in their serum and colostrum against HIV. Here, we have summarized a few examples of human viral infections for which the use of bovines has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve human health against viral infections covering the convergence between some human and bovine viruses and using bovines as disease models. Additionally, the production of vaccines and drugs, bovine-based products were covered, and the precautions in dealing with bovines and bovine-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
- Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Aida Y, Murakami H, Takahashi M, Takeshima SN. Mechanisms of pathogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus as a model for human T-cell leukemia virus. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:328. [PMID: 24265629 PMCID: PMC3820957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) make up a unique retrovirus family. Both viruses induce chronic lymphoproliferative diseases with BLV affecting the B-cell lineage and HTLV-1 affecting the T-cell lineage. The pathologies of BLV- and HTLV-induced infections are notably similar, with an absence of chronic viraemia and a long latency period. These viruses encode at least two regulatory proteins, namely, Tax and Rex, in the pX region located between the env gene and the 3′ long terminal repeat. The Tax protein is a key contributor to the oncogenic potential of the virus, and is also the key protein involved in viral replication. However, BLV infection is not sufficient for leukemogenesis, and additional events such as gene mutations must take place. In this review, we first summarize the similarities between the two viruses in terms of genomic organization, virology, and pathology. We then describe the current knowledge of the BLV model, which may also be relevant for the understanding of leukemogenesis caused by HTLV-1. In addition, we address our improved understanding of Tax functions through the newly identified BLV Tax mutants, which have a substitution between amino acids 240 and 265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Gillet N, Florins A, Boxus M, Burteau C, Nigro A, Vandermeers F, Balon H, Bouzar AB, Defoiche J, Burny A, Reichert M, Kettmann R, Willems L. Mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus: prospects for novel anti-retroviral therapies in human. Retrovirology 2007; 4:18. [PMID: 17362524 PMCID: PMC1839114 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1871, the observation of yellowish nodules in the enlarged spleen of a cow was considered to be the first reported case of bovine leukemia. The etiological agent of this lymphoproliferative disease, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to the deltaretrovirus genus which also includes the related human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This review summarizes current knowledge of this viral system, which is important as a model for leukemogenesis. Recently, the BLV model has also cast light onto novel prospects for therapies of HTLV induced diseases, for which no satisfactory treatment exists so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Boxus
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Catherine Burteau
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fabian Vandermeers
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hervé Balon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amel-Baya Bouzar
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julien Defoiche
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arsène Burny
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Kettmann
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
- Luc Willems, National fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Biology laboratory, 13 avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Sridhar P, Panda AK, Pal R, Talwar GP, Hasnain SE. Temporal nature of the promoter and not relative strength determines the expression of an extensively processed protein in a baculovirus system. FEBS Lett 1993; 315:282-6. [PMID: 8422919 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the expression of extensively modified and secreted heterologous proteins synthesized in the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) depends on the temporal nature of the promoter transcribing the foreign gene. The beta subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin, an extensively modified secretory glycoprotein hormone was expressed under the transcriptional control of the AcNPV basic protein gene promoter (MP) and the polyhedrin gene promoter (POL), respectively. MP, activated late in the infection cycle, is a weaker promoter when compared to the stronger very late POL promoter. Levels of secretion, immunoreactivity and bioactivity of recombinant proteins, beta hCGMP and beta hCGPOL synthesized under control of the MP and POL promoter were compared. Secretion of beta h CGMP was relatively higher. Enzymatic analysis revealed that the synthesized protein was sialylated. Receptor binding assays and testosterone stimulation assays in a mouse Leydig cell system demonstrated that on a unit protein basis, beta hCGMP was biologically more active than beta hCGPOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sridhar
- Eukaryotic Gene Expression, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Cantor GH, Palmer GH. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of bovine leukemia virus tax expression in a cell-free system. ANTISENSE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1992; 2:147-52. [PMID: 1327333 DOI: 10.1089/ard.1992.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tax, the trans-activating protein of bovine leukemia virus, stimulates the long terminal repeat to promote viral transcription and also activates cellular genes that may be involved in tumorigenesis. To study Tax regulation, we identified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that inhibit tax translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Two antisense oligonucleotides directed toward the 5' end of tax RNA inhibited translation by 59% and 45%, when compared to the effect of a random sequence oligonucleotide. This inhibitory effect was independent of RNase H. In contrast, antisense directed at the middle of the tax RNA inhibited by only 12%, but, in the presence of RNase H, inhibited 38%. An antisense oligonucleotide directed at the 3' portion of tax RNA was not inhibitory and, in fact, stimulated translation. Identification of these inhibitory antisense sequences may allow elucidation of the biological role of Tax in BLV-persistent lymphocytosis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Cantor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman
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Matsuura Y, Maekawa M, Hattori S, Ikegami N, Hayashi A, Yamazaki S, Morita C, Takebe Y. Purification and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene product expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. Virology 1991; 184:580-6. [PMID: 1909480 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90428-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed the recombinant baculovirus which expresses the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 negative factor (nef) gene. Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the recombinant virus produced a 27-kDa protein which reacted with rabbit antisera raised against a carboxy-terminal synthetic peptide of the Nef protein by immunoblot analysis. Labeling experiment showed that the recombinant Nef protein was myristoylated. The recombinant Nef protein was purified to near homogeneity by DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose 4B, blue-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. No detectable GTP binding activity was observed in the purified recombinant Nef product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan
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