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Derqui N, Nealon J, Mira-Iglesias A, Díez-Domingo J, Mahé C, Chaves SS. Predictors of influenza severity among hospitalized adults with laboratory confirmed influenza: Analysis of nine influenza seasons from the Valencia region, Spain. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:862-872. [PMID: 35411561 PMCID: PMC9343335 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Influenza hospitalizations contribute substantially to healthcare disruption. We explored the impact of ageing, comorbidities and other risk factors to better understand associations with severe clinical outcomes in adults hospitalized with influenza. Methods We analysed multi‐season data from adults ≥18 years, hospitalized with laboratory‐confirmed influenza in Valencia, Spain. Severity was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, assisted ventilation and/or death. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between risk factors and severity. Rate of hospital discharge was analysed with a cumulative incidence function. Results Only 26% of influenza patients had their primary discharge diagnosis coded as influenza. Comorbidities were associated with severity among adults aged 50–79 years, with the highest odds ratio (OR) in patients with ≥3 comorbidities aged 50–64 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI: 1.0–44.6). Morbid obesity and functional dependencies were also identified risk factors (ORs varying from 3 to 5 depending on age). The presence of increasing numbers of comorbidities was associated with prolonged hospital stay. Conclusions Influenza clinical outcomes are aggravated by the presence of comorbidities and ageing. Increased awareness of influenza among hospitalized patients could prompt clinical and public health interventions to reduce associated burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Derqui
- Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joshua Nealon
- Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France.,School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ainara Mira-Iglesias
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Díez-Domingo
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
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2
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Hellmich C, Moore JA, Bowles KM, Rushworth SA. Bone Marrow Senescence and the Microenvironment of Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:230. [PMID: 32161723 PMCID: PMC7052485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the irreversible arrest of cell proliferation that has now been shown to play an important role in both health and disease. With increasing age senescent cells accumulate throughout the body, including the bone marrow and this has been associated with a number of age-related pathologies including malignancies. It has been shown that the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) creates a pro-tumoural environment that supports proliferation and survival of malignant cells. Understanding the role of senescent cells in tumor development better may help us to identify new treatment targets to impair tumor survival and reduce treatment resistance. In this review, we will specifically discuss the role of senescence in the aging bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Many BM disorders are age-related diseases and highly dependent on the BM microenvironment. Despite advances in drug development the prognosis particularly for older patients remains poor and new treatment approaches are needed to improve outcomes for patients. In this review, we will focus on the relationship of senescence and hematological malignancies, how senescence promotes cancer development and how malignant cells induce senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hellmich
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Moore
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian M Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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3
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Tesser J, Kafka S, DeHoratius RJ, Xu S, Hsia EC, Turkiewicz A. Efficacy and safety of intravenous golimumab plus methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged < 65 years and those ≥ 65 years of age. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:190. [PMID: 31429794 PMCID: PMC6701065 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous golimumab + methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aged < 65 years and those ≥ 65 years who were enrolled in the GO-FURTHER study. METHODS In the phase III, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled GO-FURTHER trial, patients with active RA were randomized to intravenous (IV) golimumab 2 mg/kg + MTX or placebo + MTX at weeks 0 and 4, then every 8 weeks thereafter (with crossover to golimumab at week 16 [early escape] or week 24 [per-protocol]). The final golimumab infusion was at week 100. Assessments included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70 response criteria. Efficacy and adverse events (AEs) were monitored through 2 years. Efficacy and AEs were summarized for patients aged < 65 years or ≥ 65 years; AEs were also summarized for patients < or ≥ 70 years and patients < or ≥ 75 years. RESULTS In GO-FURTHER, 592 patients were randomized to receive placebo (n = 197) or golimumab (n = 395), 515 were aged < 65 years and 77 were ≥ 65 years. At week 24, ACR20 response rates were greater for golimumab + MTX patients compared with placebo + MTX for patients < 65 years (61.6% vs 31.3%, p < 0.001) and those ≥ 65 years (69.5% vs 33.3%; p < 0.01). Infections were the most common AE through week 112 (51.6% in patients < 65 years; 55.3% in patients ≥ 65 years); upper respiratory infections were the most common infection in patients < 65 years (13.2%) and those ≥ 65 years (11.8%). Serious AEs occurred in 17.7% in patients < 65 years and 25.0% of patients ≥ 65 years and included malignancies, pneumonia, fractures, acute pancreatitis, cellulitis, and bacterial arthritis. CONCLUSIONS In GO-FURTHER, ACR response rates were similar between patients < 65 years and patients ≥ 65 years within each treatment group. AEs in elderly patients were similar to the known safety profile of IV golimumab. Immunosenescence is known to increase the risk of infections in the elderly. Elderly patients had a numerically higher incidence of serious infections. Six malignancies occurred in golimumab-treated patients, all in patients < 65 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00973479 . Registered September 9, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tesser
- Arizona Arthritis and Rheumatology Associates, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Shelly Kafka
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Horsham, PA, USA
| | - Raphael J DeHoratius
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Horsham, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Xu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Hsia
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Gbinigie OA, Onakpoya IJ, Richards GC, Spencer EA, Koshiaris C, Bobrovitz N, Heneghan CJ. Biomarkers for diagnosing serious bacterial infections in older outpatients: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:190. [PMID: 31315578 PMCID: PMC6637629 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The value of biomarkers for diagnosing bacterial infections in older outpatients is uncertain and limited official guidance exists for clinicians in this area. The aim of this review is to critically appraise and evaluate biomarkers for diagnosing bacterial infections in older adults (aged 65 years and above). Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, from inception to January 2018. We included studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of blood, urinary, and salivary biomarkers in diagnosing bacterial infections in older adults. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess study quality. Results We identified 11 eligible studies of moderate quality (11,034 participants) including 51 biomarkers at varying thresholds for diagnosing bacterial infections. An elevated Procalcitonin (≥ 0.2 ng/mL) may help diagnose bacteraemia in older adults [+ve LR range 1.50 to 2.60]. A CRP ≥ 50 mg/L only raises the probability of bacteraemia by 5%. A positive urine dipstick aids diagnosis of UTI (+ve LR range 1.23 to 54.90), and absence helps rule out UTI (−ve LR range 0.06 to 0.46). An elevated white blood cell count is unhelpful in diagnosing intra-abdominal infections (+ve LR range 0.75 to 2.62), but may aid differentiation of bacterial infection from other acute illness (+ve LR range 2.14 to 7.12). Conclusions The limited available evidence suggests that many diagnostic tests useful in younger patients, do not help to diagnose bacterial infections in older adults. Further evidence from high quality studies is urgently needed to guide clinical practice. Until then, symptoms and signs remain the mainstay of diagnosis in community based populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-019-1205-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenekome A Gbinigie
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Igho J Onakpoya
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Georgia C Richards
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Spencer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Constantinos Koshiaris
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Niklas Bobrovitz
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carl J Heneghan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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5
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Alves AS, Bueno V. Immunosenescence: participation of T lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in aging-related immune response changes. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2019; 17:eRB4733. [PMID: 31066797 PMCID: PMC6497120 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2019rb4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is partly related to appropriate function of the immune system. As already reported, some changes in this system are observed, including reduced number and repertoire of T cells due to thymic involution, accumulation of memory T cells by chronic infections, homeostatic proliferation compensating for the number of naïve T cells, decreased proliferation of T cells against a stimulus, telomere shortening, replicative senescence of the T cells, and inflammaging, besides the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The purpose of this article is to clarify each of these changes, aiming to minimize limitations of immunosenescence. If such associations can be established, these cells may be used as early and less invasive markers of aging-related diseases, as well as to indicate interventions, evaluate the efficacy of interventions and be a tool to achieve longevity with quality of life.
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Gbinigie OA, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe T, Plüddemann A, Heneghan CJ. Limited evidence for diagnosing bacterial skin infections in older adults in primary care: systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 30777025 PMCID: PMC6380032 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults with bacterial skin infections may present with atypical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. There is limited authoritative guidance on how older adults in the community present with bacterial skin infections. To date there have been no systematic reviews assessing the diagnostic value of symptoms and signs in identifying bacterial skin infections in older adults in the community. Methods We searched Medline and Medline in process, Embase and Web of Science, from inception to September 2017. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs in predicting bacterial skin infections in adults in primary care aged over 65 years. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess study quality. Results We identified two observational studies of low-moderate quality, with a total of 7991 participants, providing data to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of 5 unique symptoms in predicting bacterial skin infections. The presence of wounds [LR+: 7.93 (CI 4.81–13.1)], pressure sores [LR+: 4.85 (CI 2.18–10.8)] and skin ulcers [LR+: 6.26 (CI 5.49–7.13)] help to diagnose bacterial skin infections. The presence of urinary incontinence does not help to predict bacterial skin infections (LR + ‘s of 0.99 and 1.04; LR-‘s of 0.96 and 1.04). Conclusions Currently, there is insufficient evidence to inform the diagnosis of bacterial skin infections in older adults in the community; clinicians should therefore rely upon their clinical judgement and experience. Evidence from high quality primary care studies in older adults, including studies assessing symptoms traditionally associated with bacterial skin infections (e.g. erythema and warmth), is urgently needed to guide practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-019-1061-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenekome A Gbinigie
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - José M Ordóñez-Mena
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Thomas Fanshawe
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carl J Heneghan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Miranda D, Jara C, Mejias S, Ahumada V, Cortez-San Martin M, Ibañez J, Hirsch S, Montoya M. Deficient mitochondrial biogenesis in IL-2 activated NK cells correlates with impaired PGC1-α upregulation in elderly humans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:73-78. [PMID: 29782967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence has been described as age-associated changes in the immune function which are thought to be responsible for the increased morbidity with age. Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are a specialized heterogeneous subpopulation of lymphocytes involved in immune defense against tumor and microbial diseases. Interestingly, aging-related NK cell dysfunction is associated with features of aging such as tumor incidence, reduced vaccination efficacy, and short survival due to infection. It is known that NK cell effector functions are critically dependent on cytokines and metabolic activity. Our aim was to determine whether there is a difference in purified human NK cell function in response to high concentration of IL-2 between young and elder donors. Here, we report that the stimulation of human NK cells with IL-2 (2000 U/mL) enhance NK cell cytotoxic activity from both young and elderly donors. However, while NK cells from young people responded to IL-2 signaling by increasing mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential, no increase in these mitochondrial functional parameters was seen in purified NK cells from elderly subjects. Moreover, as purified NK cells from the young exhibited an almost three-fold increase in PGC-1α expression after IL-2 (2000 U/mL) stimulation, PGC-1α expression was inhibited in purified NK cells from elders. Furthermore, this response upon PGC-1α expression after IL-2 stimulation promoted an increase in ROS production in NK cells from elderly humans, while no increase in ROS production was observed in NK cells of young donors. Our data show that IL-2 stimulates NK cell effector function through a signaling pathway which involves a PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial function in young NK cells, however it seems that NK cells from older donors exhibit an altered IL-2 signaling which affects mitochondrial function associated with an increased production of ROS which could represent a feature of NK cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Miranda
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Sophia Mejias
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Ahumada
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cortez-San Martin
- Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ibañez
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Hirsch
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, PO Box 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Montoya
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
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Shayganni E, Bahmani M, Asgary S, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Inflammaging and cardiovascular disease: Management by medicinal plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1119-1126. [PMID: 26776956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In aging, a host of molecular and cellular changes occur which accelerate alteration and progression of inflammatory diseases. These conditions in the elderly people cause appearance of a phenomenon which has been denoted as "inflammaging". Understanding the pathogenesis and finding new methods for management of inflammaging are essential. PURPOSE In this paper we tried not only to explain inflammaging and its treatments with concentrating on medical plants but to collect a sufficient collection of anti-inflammatory plants with focusing on their mechanism of action. METHOD In this review paper, by searching in indexing cites, desired articles were obtained since 1995 by using keywords of inflammation, inflammaging, inflammation pathophysiology, free radicals and inflammation, aging inflammation, inflammatory disease, and plants or herbal medicine in inflammation. SECTIONS In advanced age the generation of free radicals increases in cardiovascular system. Pathological inflammation is also associated with production of excess free radicals More importantly, chronic inflammation makes aged people susceptible to age-related diseases. Some medicinal plants have been shown promising results in inhibition of inflammaging. Some other sections such as inflammation and inflammaging in cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress in cardiovascular complications, prevention and treatment strategies are presented. CONCLUSION The results of published papers show that the symptoms of several inflammatory diseases can be inhibited or treated by active ingredients from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Shayganni
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Bahmani
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Colistin enhances therapeutic efficacy of daptomycin or teicoplanin in a murine model of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:392-398. [PMID: 27712928 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of colistin combined with teicoplanin or daptomycin in an experimental mouse model of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Animal received intraperitoneally 1ml saline containing 2×1010CFU of A. baumannii. Colistin, daptomycin, teicoplanin, and colistin plus daptomycin or teicoplanin were given by intraperitoneal administration 2h after bacterial challenge. A control group received sodium chloride solution. In the in vitro study A. baumannii showed to be susceptible only to colistin with MIC of 2mg/l. In the in vivo study, colistin alone showed a good antimicrobial efficacy. When combined with teicoplanin or daptomycin, colistin produced the lowest bacterial and the best survival rates. In immunological studies, when colistin was associated to daptomycin or teicoplanin, both the number and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells increased. In conclusion, colistin combined with teicoplanin or daptomycin may improve the therapy of multiresistant A. baumannii infection.
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10
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Wnuk M, Lewinska A, Gurgul A, Zabek T, Potocki L, Oklejewicz B, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Wegrzyn M, Slota E. Changes in DNA methylation patterns and repetitive sequences in blood lymphocytes of aged horses. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:31-48. [PMID: 23700175 PMCID: PMC3889908 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is known that aged organisms have modified epigenomes. Epigenetic modifications, such as changes in global and locus-specific DNA methylation, and histone modifications are suspected to play an important role in cancer development and aging. In the present study, with the well-established horse aging model, we showed the global loss of DNA methylation in blood lymphocytes during juvenile-to-aged period. Additionally, we tested a pattern of DNA methylation of ribosomal DNA and selected genes such as IGF2 and found no significant changes during development and aging. We asked if genetic components such as polymorphisms within DNA methyltransferase genes, DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, may contribute to observed changes in global DNA methylation status. The analysis of seven intragenic polymorphisms did not reveal any significant association with changes in global DNA methylation. Telomere shortage and a loss of pericentromeric heterochromatin during juvenile-to-aged period were also observed. Transcriptional rDNA activity, assessed as the number and size of nucleolar organizer regions, reflecting physiological state of the cell, and mitotic index were decreased with increasing horse donor age. Moreover, changes during juvenile-to-aged period and adult-to-aged period were compared and discussed. Taken together, changes in global DNA methylation status originating in development and affecting the stability of repetitive sequences may be associated with previously reported genomic instability during horse aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16C, PL 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland,
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11
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Baylis D, Bartlett DB, Patel HP, Roberts HC. Understanding how we age: insights into inflammaging. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2013; 2:8. [PMID: 24472098 PMCID: PMC3922951 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammaging is characterized by the upregulation of the inflammatory response that occurs with advancing age; its roots are strongly embedded in evolutionary theory.Inflammaging is believed to be a consequence of a remodelling of the innate and acquired immune system, resulting in chronic inflammatory cytokine production.Complex interrelated genetic, environmental and age-related factors determine an individual's vulnerability or resilience to inflammaging. These factors include polymorphisms to the promoter regions of cytokines, cytokine receptors and antagonists, age-related decreases in autophagy and increased adiposity. Anti-inflammaging describes the upregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in response to inflammaging, leading to higher levels of cortisol, which in turn may be detrimental, contributing to less successful ageing and frailty. This may be countered by the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone, which itself declines with age, leaving certain individuals more vulnerable. Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging have both been linked with a number of age-related outcomes, including chronic morbidity, functional decline and mortality. This important area of research offers unique insights into the ageing process and the potential for screening and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baylis
- Department of Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David B Bartlett
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harnish P Patel
- Department of Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Department of Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Khanmoradi K, Knorr JP, Feyssa EL, Parsikia A, Jawa P, Dinh DB, Campos S, Zaki RF, Ortiz JA. Evaluating safety and efficacy of rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction in elderly kidney transplant recipients. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2013; 11:222-8. [PMID: 23432665 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2012.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The optimal immunosuppression regimen for elderly kidney transplant recipients is poorly defined. We sought to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of thymoglobulin in geriatric recipients of deceased-donor kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center, retrospective analysis was undertaken between elderly (≥ 65 years) (n=137) and nonelderly (n=276) kidney transplant recipients who received rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction and calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone maintenance. RESULTS The mean age was 70 versus 52 years. Fewer elderly patients had an earlier transplant or panel reactive antibodies > 20%, but had more machine perfused, older, and extended criteria donor kidneys. Elderly patients received lower rabbit antithymocyte globulin (5.4 vs 5.6 mg/kg; P = .04) and initial mycophenolic acid doses (1620 vs 1774 mg; P = .002), and experienced less delayed graft function (31.1% vs 50.0%; P < .001). Death-censored graft survival and graft function at 3 years and biopsy-proven acute rejection at 1 year were comparable; however, there was lower 3-year patient survival in elderly patients. Donor age was the only factor associated with reduced patient survival. Rates of malignancy, infection, or thrombocytopenia were similar; however, leukopenia occurred less frequently in elderly patients (11.7% vs 19.9%; P = .038). CONCLUSIONS Elderly kidney transplant recipients receiving rabbit antithymocyte globulin did not experience different short-term graft survival, graft function or rates of infection, malignancy or hematologic adverse reactions than did nonelderly patients; they experienced fewer episodes of delayed graft function, but had lower 3-year patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Khanmoradi
- Department of Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ortega E, Bote ME, Besedovsky HO, Rey AD. Hsp72, inflammation, and aging: causes, consequences, and perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1261:64-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Moro-García MA, Alonso-Arias R, López-Vázquez A, Suárez-García FM, Solano-Jaurrieta JJ, Baltar J, López-Larrea C. Relationship between functional ability in older people, immune system status, and intensity of response to CMV. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:479-495. [PMID: 21487706 PMCID: PMC3312637 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Shorter survival in the elderly has been associated with deterioration of the immune system and also with functional disability. To analyze the relationship between functional and immune impairment in older individuals, we studied 100 elderly who lived in a nursing home, were age matched, and grouped according to their functional status. We characterized cell subpopulations by flow cytometry, quantified TREC by RT-PCR, and measured the T-cell proliferation and activation response (IFN-γ by ELISPOT, CD69) against anti-CD3 and CMV. Specific antibody titers against influenza virus and CMV were determined by ELISA. Individuals with worse functional status had significantly higher levels of NK cells and fewer B cells. These poorly functioning elders also had a significantly lower proportion of CD4+ T cells, increased CD8+ T cells, and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. TREC levels in CD4+ T cells were significantly lower in individuals with a high disability. Lower TREC levels correlated with a lower frequency of naïve T-cell subpopulations (CD45RA+CCR7+) and higher percentages of effector cells (CD45RA-CCR7-). The functionally impaired group had lower anti-CD3 responses, but gradually increased responses against CMV. Similarly, the higher CMV titers were found in elderly with worse functional status. On the contrary, the functional response in vivo, and the titer of antibodies generated after vaccination against influenza virus, was higher in individuals with better performance status. In summary, we concluded that the functional decline of elderly individuals was clearly associated with the aging of their immune system, and the intensity of the response to CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Vázquez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - José Baltar
- Health Outcomes Research Unit, Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Fundación Renal “Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo”, Madrid, Spain
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Impact of age on neutrophil phagocytic reaction with different capsular serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2011; 44:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Wnuk M, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Lewinska A, Oklejewicz B, Zabek T, Bartosz G, Słota E. Age-related changes in genomic stability of horses. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:257-68. [PMID: 21557962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the old horse has been proposed as a model to study telomere-dependent senescence, immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. In the present paper, we used 80 Hucul and Anglo-Arabian horses divided into 3 age groups (juvenile, adult, old) to evaluate age-dependent changes at the genomic and DNA level and in cell proliferative potential. The level of positive TUNEL cells (both apoptotic and with DNA fragmentation), oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoG immunostaining), sister chromatid exchange and bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks were significantly increased in the combined old group compared to the combined adult group. We observed a negative correlation between micronuclei formation and age, which may be associated with damaged cells undergoing apoptosis, rather than expressing micronuclei. We were unable to show any significant changes in the nuclear division index value, which reflects the proliferative status of the viable cell fraction during aging. Here, we show that breed-independent and age-associated changes in genomic stability may contribute, at least in part, to the aging process in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
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17
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Avelino-Silva VI, Ho YL, Avelino-Silva TJ, Santos SDS. Aging and HIV infection. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:163-72. [PMID: 20974294 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population aging has become a global phenomenon, and HIV infection among older individuals is also increasing. Because age can affect the progression of HIV infection, we aimed to evaluate the present knowledge on HIV infection in older patients. METHODS Literature review of the last 20 years. RESULTS Older HIV-infected patients have lower CD4(+) T cell counts, higher viral load and are more frequently symptomatic at diagnosis. The infection progresses more rapidly, with higher morbidity and lethality rates. However, older patients are more compliant to antiretroviral treatment; they experience a better virologic response, and treatment represents a positive clinical impact. Aging affects the complex interaction between HIV infection and the immune system. Both conditions contribute to the dysfunction of immune cells, including a decrease in the phagocytes' microbicidal capability, natural killer cells' cytolytic function, expression of toll-like receptors and production of interleukin-12. Chronic immune activation responsible for the depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in HIV infection appears to worsen with senescence. Older patients also exhibit a less robust humoral response, with the production of less avid and specific antibodies. CONCLUSION Both HIV and aging contribute to immune dysfunction, morbidity and mortality. However, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is beneficial for older patients, and treatment of older patients should not be discouraged.
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Wang L, Xie Y, Zhu LJ, Chang TT, Mao YQ, Li J. An association between immunosenescence and CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells: a systematic review. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2010; 23:327-332. [PMID: 20934123 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related increment of the prevalence of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells were described controversially, and whether such changes explain immune dysfunction in the elderly is still unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of the Tregs in immunosenescence. METHODS Medline and manual searches were performed to identify all published epidemiological and animal studies investigating the efficacy of the association between immunosenescence and Treg cells. RESULTS It was founded that the frequency, phenotypic characteristics, and number/function of Tregs were altered significantly with aging. Medical conditions in individuals with advanced ageas well as apoptosis intensity of Treg cells had an impact on the accumulation of Tregs which in turn could deteriorate cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) T and NK cells and production of IL-2. The range of immune cells that could be suppressed by Treg cells was quite wide and covered CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and even monocytes. These changes were observed both in humans and experimental animals. Besides, it was believed that frequency of Tregs increased with age and was accompanied by intensified suppressive activity for Tregs in patients, for example, with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). The impaired condition of CD4(+) T cells, so-called immunosenescence, rendered transplant recipients less responsive to an allogeneic kidney graft, an effect that was limited to transplant recipients who were aged over 60 years. CONCLUSIONS Treg cells are associated with immunosenescence. All these changes contribute to the aging-related decline of immune responses and lead to the higher risk of immune-mediated diseases, cancer or infections in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Katepalli MP, Adams AA, Lear TL, Horohov DW. The effect of age and telomere length on immune function in the horse. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:1409-1415. [PMID: 18619486 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres, specialized structures present at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, function to maintain chromosome stability and integrity. Telomeres shorten with each cell division eventually leading to replicative senescence, a process thought to be associated with age-related decline in immune function. We hypothesized that shortened PBMC telomere length is a factor contributing to immunosenescence of the aged horse. Telomere length was assessed in 19 horses ranging in age from 1 to 25 years. Mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation, total serum IgG, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was also determined for each horse. Relative telomere length (RTL) was highly correlated with overall age. RTL was positively correlated with 3H-thymidine incorporation and total IgG. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was negatively correlated with RTL. These measures were also correlated with age, as expected. However, RTL was not correlated with immunosenescence and inflammaging in the oldest horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu P Katepalli
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA
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20
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Park HR, Jo SK, Jung U, Yee ST. Restoration of the immune functions in aged mice by supplementation with a new herbal composition, HemoHIM. Phytother Res 2008; 22:36-42. [PMID: 17705143 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a new herbal composition, HemoHIM, on immune functions was examined in aged mice, in which various immune responses had been impaired. The composition HemoHIM was prepared by adding the ethanol-insoluble fraction to the total water extract of a mixture of three edible herbs, Angelica Radix, Cnidium Rhizoma and Paeonia Radix. Supplementation to the aged mice with HemoHIM restored the proliferative response and cytokine production of splenocytes with a response to ConA. Also, HemoHIM recovered the NK cell activity which had been impaired in the aged mice. Meanwhile aging is known to reduce the Th1-like function, but not the Th2-like function, resulting in a Th1/Th2 imbalance. HemoHIM restored the Th1/Th2 balance in the aged mice through enhanced IFN-gamma and IgG2a production, and conversely a reduced IL-4 and IgG1 production. It was found that one factor for the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the aged mice was a lower production of IL-12p70. However, HemoHIM restored the IL-12p70 production in the aged mice. These results suggested that HemoHIM was effective for the restoration of impaired immune functions of the aged mice and therefore could be a good recommendation for immune restoration in elderly humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ran Park
- Radiation Research Center for Bio-Technology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong-dong Jeongeup-si Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplants (SCT) are used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases, in addition to congenital, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders. Both autologous and allogeneic SCT are used, depending on donor availability and the type of disease being treated, resulting in different morbidity and outcomes. In both types of SCT, immune regulation via graft manipulation is being studied, although with highly different targeted outcomes. In general, autologous SCT have lower treatment-related morbidity and mortality, but a higher incidence of tumor relapse, and graft manipulation targets immune augmentation and/or the reduction of immune tolerance. In contrast, allogeneic SCT have a higher incidence of treatment-related morbidity and mortality and a significantly longer time of disease progression, and the targeted outcomes or graft manipulation focus on a reduction in graft versus host disease (GVHD). One source of the increased relapse rate and shorter overall survival (OS) following high dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous SCT is the immune tolerance that limits host response, both innate and antigen (Ag) specific, against the tumor. The immune tolerance that is observed is due in part to the tumor burden and prior cytotoxic therapy. Therefore, graft manipulation, as an adjuvant therapeutic approach in autologous SCT, is primarily focused on non-specific or specific immune augmentation using cytokines and vaccines. Recently, manipulation of the infused product as a form of cellular therapy has begun to also focus on approaches to reduce immune tolerance found in transplant patients, both prior to and following HDT and SCT. To this end, graft manipulation to reduce the presence of Fas Ligand (FasL)-expressing cells or interleukin (IL)10 and tumor growth factor (TGF)beta production has been proposed. In contrast to autologous transplantation, graft manipulation during allogeneic transplantation is used extensively. This includes limiting the infusion of T cells within the product or as a donor leukocyte infusion (DLI), resulting in a reduction in GVHD and the induction of long-term survivors. Indeed, allogeneic SCT provide the only curative therapy for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), refractory acute leukemia, and myelodysplasia. The curative potential of allogeneic SCT is reduced, however, by the development of GVHD, a potentially lethal T-cell-mediated immune response targeting host tissues [Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 102 (1993) 309, J. Exp. Med. 183 (1996) 589]. The morbidity and mortality associated with GVHD limit this technology, resulting focus on those patients who have no alternative therapeutic options or who have advanced disease. Thus, allogeneic SCT provide one of the few statistically supported demonstrations of therapeutic efficacy by T cells (comparison of allogeneic to autologous transplantation). In contrast to autologous transplantation, control of GVHD following allogeneic SCT focuses on immune suppression and the induction of tolerance. Here too, graft manipulation is appropriate, and there are numerous studies of T-cell depletion to reduce GVHD, with or without the isolation and infusion of T cells as DLI. Additional strategies are examining the isolation and infusion of T cells with graft versus leukemia (GVL) activity to reduce GVHD and/or the infusion of genetically manipulated and/or selected cellular populations (monocytes or dendritic cells (DC)) to induce tolerance. Therefore, depending upon the type of transplant, the goals associated with graft manipulation can be radically different. In this review, we emphasize using graft manipulation to regulate immune tolerance and anergy in association with SCT. Although this paper focuses on hematopoietic SCT, it should be noted that these strategies are relevant to conditions other than neoplastic and congenital diseases, including solid organ transplants, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Talmadge
- Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center 987660, Omaha, NE 68198-7660, USA.
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Lázaro del Nogal M, Fernández Pérez C, Ribera Casado J, Figueredo Delgado M, Gómez de la Concha E. Parámetros inmunológicos basales en un grupo de viejos-jóvenes. Rev Clin Esp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(03)71312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Harman's free radical theory of aging and our electron-microscopic finding of an age-related mitochondrial degeneration in the somatic tissues of the insect Drosophila melanogaster as well as in the fixed postmitotic Leydig and Sertoli cells of the mouse testis led us to propose a mitochondrial theory of aging, according to which metazoan senescence may be linked to oxygen stress-injury to the genome and membranes of the mitochondria of somatic differentiated cells. These concepts attract a great deal of attention, since, according to recent work, the mitochondrial damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and concomitant decline in ATP synthesis seem to play a key role not only in aging, but also in the fundamental cellular process of apoptosis. Although diet supplementation with antioxidants has not been able to increase consistently the species-characteristic maximum life span, it results in significant extension of the mean life span of laboratory animals. Moreover, diets containing high levels of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E seem able to reduce the risk of suffering age-related immune dysfunctions and arteriosclerosis. Presently, the focus of age-related antioxidant research is on compounds, such as deprenyl, coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and the glutathione-precursors thioproline and N-acetylcysteine, which may be able to neutralize the ROS at their sites of production in the mitochondria. Diet supplementation with these antioxidants may protect the mitochondria against respiration-linked oxygen stress, with preservation of the genomic and structural integrity of these energy-producing organelles and concomitant increase in functional life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Miquel
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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24
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Godthelp BC, van Tol MJ, Vossen JM, van den Elsen PJ. Longitudinal analysis of T cells responding to tetanus toxoid in healthy subjects as well as in pediatric patients after bone marrow transplantation: the identification of identical TCR-CDR3 regions in time suggests long-term stability of at least part of the antigen-specific TCR repertoire. Int Immunol 2001; 13:507-18. [PMID: 11282990 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.4.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the nature of long-term Th immune responses, we investigated in the present study the TCRBV gene repertoire of CD4(+) T cells specific for the recall antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) in recipients of an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) at several time points after transplantation and in their BM donors. We observed that the TCR repertoire of TT-specific CD4(+) Th cells was heterogeneous, and differed between allo-BMT recipients and their respective donors. Some individuals, however, used similar TCR-complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 motifs that could reflect recognition of and selection by similar promiscuous epitopes of TT. Longitudinal analysis of this TT-specific T cell response revealed that T cells with completely identical TCR were present at several time points after the first analysis in allo-BMT recipients, most probably reflecting long-term stability of at least part of the antigen-specific TCR repertoire. Similar stability of the TT-specific TCR repertoire in time was also noted in the allo-BMT donors. These observations reveal that within a given individual the dominant antigen-specific T cell clones persist in time in an otherwise diverse TT-specific CD4(+) T cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Godthelp
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, E3-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Di Pietro R, Miscia S, Cataldi A, Rana R. Age-dependent variations in the expression of PLC isoforms upon mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:1209-14. [PMID: 11167763 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is one of the early responses to various growth factors and it is known that these functions are altered with ageing. In the present investigation, the expression and cellular distribution of PLC isoenzymes in immunocompetent T lymphocytes from a test group of healthy individuals over 65 years old and a comparison group of healthy donors below 30 years old were compared using Western blot and confocal microscopy. All lymphocyte samples responded biochemically to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, as shown by at least 10-fold increases in the beta(3) isoform and nuclear translocation of the beta(1), beta(2), beta(3), beta(4), gamma(1) and gamma(2) isoforms; however, consistent differences in the expression of the beta(2) isoform in unstimulated T cells and of the beta(2) and gamma(2) isoforms in stimulated T cells suggest that altered functions of the PLC pathway may have an age-dependent impact on signal transduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Pietro
- Istituto di Morfologia Umana Normale, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
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Di Pietro R, Miscia S, Cataldi A, Rana R. Age-dependent variations in the expression of PLC isoforms upon mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors. Br J Haematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Medina S, Del Río M, Hernanz A, De la Fuente M. Age-related changes in the neuropeptide Y effects on murine lymphoproliferation and interleukin-2 production. Peptides 2000; 21:1403-9. [PMID: 11072128 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates several aspects of the immune response but it is not known whether NPY responsiveness is altered with aging. In this work, the in vitro effect of NPY at concentrations ranging from 10(-)(14) M to 10(-)(7) M on lymphoproliferation has been studied in spleen, axillary node and thymus leukocytes from young, adult, mature and old BALB/c mice. The spontaneous proliferation of spleen lymphocytes from young mice was significantly stimulated by NPY. In response to the mitogen Con A, lymphoproliferation and IL-2 release by lymphocytes were inhibited significantly by NPY, these effects disappearing with aging. The results show that NPY is a modulator of lymphoproliferation and that this effect disappears progressively with age. Moreover, this regulatory role of NPY may be carried out through a decrease in IL-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Medina
- Departamento de Biología Animal II (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Godthelp BC, Van Eggermond MC, Van Tol MJ, Vossen JM, van den Elsen PJ. T cell immune reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in bare lymphocyte syndrome. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:898-907. [PMID: 11053633 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To study the impact of an MHC class II-negative environment on T cell immune reconstitution, we have analyzed the phenotypical and functional characteristics of FACS-sorted cultured CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in two Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome (BLS) patients before and after allo-BMT. A similar analysis was performed in two MHC class II expressing pediatric leukemia patients after treatment with an allo-BMT who were included in our study as control. It was observed that CD4(+) T cells displayed cytolytic alloreactivity in both BLS patients prior to and within the first year after allo-BMT, whereas such cells were absent at a later time-point, in the donors and pediatric leukemia controls. In addition, reduced MHC class II expression was observed in CD8(+) T cells of both recipients early after allo-BMT, irrespective of the T cell chimerism pattern. Lack of endogenous MHC class II expression in BLS patients, therefore, results in aberrant T cell selection within the first year after allo-BMT, analogous to T cell selection before transplantation. These T cell selection processes seem to be normalized at a later time point after allo-BMT probably due to migration and integration of graft-derived MHC class II-positive antigen presenting cells to sites of T cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Godthelp
- Departments of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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T-Cell Immune Reconstitution in Pediatric Leukemia Patients After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation With T-Cell–Depleted or Unmanipulated Grafts: Evaluation of Overall and Antigen-Specific T-Cell Repertoires. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v94.12.4358.424k02_4358_4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of T-cell selection in the thymus and/or periphery in T-cell immune reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), we have analyzed the overall and antigen-specific T-cell repertoires in pediatric allo-BMT recipients treated for leukemia. We observed a lack of overall T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity in the repopulating T cells at 3 months after allo-BMT, as was deduced from complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) size distribution patterns displaying reduced complexity. This was noted particularly in recipients of a T-cell–depleted (TCD) graft and, to a lesser extent, also in recipients of unmanipulated grafts. At 1 year after allo-BMT, normalization was observed of TCR CDR3 size complexity in almost all recipients. Analysis of the antigen-specific T-cell repertoire at 1 year after BMT showed that the T cells responding to tetanus toxoid (TT) differed in TCR gene segment usage and in amino acid composition of the CDR3 region when comparing the recipient with the donor. Moreover, the TT-specific TCR repertoire was found to be stable within a given allo-BMT recipient, because TT-specific T cells with completely identical TCRs were found at 3 consecutive years after transplantation. These observations suggest an important role for T-cell selection processes in the complete restoration of the T-cell immune repertoire in children after allo-BMT.
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T-Cell Immune Reconstitution in Pediatric Leukemia Patients After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation With T-Cell–Depleted or Unmanipulated Grafts: Evaluation of Overall and Antigen-Specific T-Cell Repertoires. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v94.12.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To evaluate the role of T-cell selection in the thymus and/or periphery in T-cell immune reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), we have analyzed the overall and antigen-specific T-cell repertoires in pediatric allo-BMT recipients treated for leukemia. We observed a lack of overall T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity in the repopulating T cells at 3 months after allo-BMT, as was deduced from complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) size distribution patterns displaying reduced complexity. This was noted particularly in recipients of a T-cell–depleted (TCD) graft and, to a lesser extent, also in recipients of unmanipulated grafts. At 1 year after allo-BMT, normalization was observed of TCR CDR3 size complexity in almost all recipients. Analysis of the antigen-specific T-cell repertoire at 1 year after BMT showed that the T cells responding to tetanus toxoid (TT) differed in TCR gene segment usage and in amino acid composition of the CDR3 region when comparing the recipient with the donor. Moreover, the TT-specific TCR repertoire was found to be stable within a given allo-BMT recipient, because TT-specific T cells with completely identical TCRs were found at 3 consecutive years after transplantation. These observations suggest an important role for T-cell selection processes in the complete restoration of the T-cell immune repertoire in children after allo-BMT.
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Ferrández MD, Correa R, Del Rio M, De la Fuente M. Effects in vitro of several antioxidants on the natural killer function of aging mice. Exp Gerontol 1999; 34:675-85. [PMID: 10530792 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(99)00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to study the change with aging in the effect in vitro of several antioxidants: thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or thioproline, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid (AA), and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E, VE) on the natural killer (NK) activity in mononuclear cells from axillary nodes, spleen, thymus and peritoneal leukocytes from BALB/c male mice. Young (8+/-2 weeks), adult (24+/-2 weeks). mature (48+/-2 weeks), and old (72+/-2 weeks) animals were studied. A nonradioactive cytotoxic assay with cells from the murine lymphoma YAC-1 as target cells and a relation effector cells/target cells of 10/1 were used. The concentrations of the different antioxidants were: 1 mM for thioproline and N-acetylcysteine and 5 microM for ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, which induced a maximum effect in our previous dose-response experiments. The results show that, in general, the above antioxidants cause an enhancement of the NK activity at all ages studied, this stimulation being higher with thioproline and N-acetylcysteine than with ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The effects were similar for the three lymphoid organs and the peritoneum. This stimulation of the NK activity by antioxidants is an important favorable response, especially in old mice, in which age results in a decrease in NK function and, therefore, in a higher incidence of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Ferrández
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE The highest incidence of urinary tract infection in females occurs in elderly women. This study was done to determine whether this is due to the declining immune response that occurs during advancing age, or the menopausal state in the aged. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female monkeys (average age 19 years) were studied, half being subjected to bilateral oophorectomy to produce the menopause. In addition, old females (average age 29 years) already at menopause were studied before and after hormonal replacement with estradiol and progesterone. Bacterial adherence to vaginal cells was studied prior to and after urethral infection with E. coli. Plasma estradiol and progesterone levels were done, as well as white blood counts, plasma cytokine assays and serum antibody titers. RESULTS Bacteriuria was not prolonged, nor was there a significant difference in bacterial adherence to vaginal cells due to menopause. Interleukin-1 levels were depressed after surgical menopause but not as much as found in the old menopausal females and this low level was not corrected by hormonal replacement. The initial interleukin-2 levels were higher after spontaneous menopause, but the increasing plasma levels seen in cycling animals after infection did not occur in the aged menopausal females following infection even after hormone replacement. The antibody titers to the E. coli infection showed a trend to a lessened response to infection after menopause but were not significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS The deficient Il-1, Il-2 and antibody response following infection was not corrected by hormone replacement and thus appears to be due to aging rather than lack of female hormones. These facts may be explained by the T cell senescence known to occur in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Roberts
- Department of Urology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
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33
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Incomplete T-Cell Immune Reconstitution in Two Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II–Deficiency/Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome Patients After HLA-Identical Sibling Bone Marrow Transplantation. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v94.1.348.413k05_348_358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on T-cell development, we have investigated T-cell immune reconstitution in two MHC class II–deficiency patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Our study showed that the induction of MHC class II antigen expression on BM graft-derived T cells in these allo-BMT recipients was hampered upon T-cell activation. This reduction was most striking in the CD8+ T-cell subset. Furthermore, the peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in these graft-derived MHC class II–expressing CD4+ and in the CD8+ T-cell fractions was found to be restricted on the basis of TCR complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) size profiles. Interestingly, the T-cell immune response to tetanus toxoid (TT) was found to be comparable to that of the donor. However, when comparing recipient-derived TT-specific T cells with donor-derived T cells, differences were observed in TCR gene segment usage and in the hydropathicity index of the CDR3 regions. Together, these results reveal the impact of an environment lacking endogenous MHC class II on the development of the T-cell immune repertoire after allo-BMT.
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34
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De la Fuente M, Ferrández MD, Del Rio M, Sol Burgos M, Miquel J. Enhancement of leukocyte functions in aged mice supplemented with the antioxidant thioproline. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 104:213-25. [PMID: 9818727 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that supplementation of the diet with thioproline (thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid), an intracellular sulfhydryl antioxidant and free radical scavenger, increases mouse life span and stimulates the immune system. In the present study aged Swiss mice (20 month old) fed thioproline (0.07%,w/w) for 5 weeks were used. Twelve month and 20 month old mice fed standard diet were used as controls. The lymphoproliferative response to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) and the mobility of lymphocytes, both spontaneous and directed to a chemoattractant gradient (chemotaxis), as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) activity of leukocytes, were measured in cells from spleen and thymus. All of the above functions showed a significant decrease in aged (20 months) in comparison to adult mice (12 months). In aged animals, the ingestion of thioproline stimulated significantly the functions studied. Moreover, the age-related stress, revealed by the high corticosterone levels, was significantly decreased in animals fed this antioxidant. These data suggest that thioproline enhances immune response in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De la Fuente
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Lio D, D'Anna C, Gervasi F, Scola L, Potestio M, Di Lorenzo G, Listì F, Colombo A, Candore G, Caruso C. Interleukin-12 release by mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 102:211-9. [PMID: 9720653 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Defects involving cellular expression of activation molecules, cell mediated immune response and natural killer (NK) activity are commonly observed in the elderly. Herein, data are reported on the evaluation of IL-12 production by old subjects. IL-12 is, actually, considered the key molecule for the induction of a T helper 1 (Th1) -type and NK response. IL-12 production from old subjects peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was evaluated using T-independent (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or -dependent (phytoemagglutinin, PHA; immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD3) mitogens. The IL-12 production after LPS stimulation was not reduced in cultures from old subjects when compared to that from young ones. On the contrary, IL-12 production by PHA or anti-CD3 stimulated PBMNC from old subjects was decreased. Furthermore, we have demonstrated a reduced CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on PBMNC from old subjects. This finding fits very well with the reduced cytokine production observed in the T-dependent stimulation systems, being the CD40-CD40L interaction mandatory for an efficient IL-12 production. All together, these results seem to suggest that defects in cell expression of activation molecules can affect the IL-12 secretion and in consequence other Th1-type cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lio
- Istituto di Patologia Generale dell'Università di Palermo, Italy
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36
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De la Fuente M, Miñano M, Manuel Victor V, Del Rio M, Ferrández MD, Díez A, Miquel J. Relation between exploratory activity and immune function in aged mice: a preliminary study. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 102:263-77. [PMID: 9720657 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies show that fast exploration of a T-shaped maze by mature mice may predict an above average longevity. Since the nervous and the immune systems work in a coordinated fashion, and it seems that these two homeostatic systems both influence organismic aging and suffer a senescent decline, we have performed a comparative study of the above behavioral parameter and different functions of three representative immune cells: lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells obtained from old (76 +/- 1 weeks of age) female OF1-Swiss mice. At 70 weeks of age the mice were divided into a 'fast' and a 'slow' group, containing 100 and 0%, respectively, of animals able to explore the 50 cm-long first arm of the maze in 20 s or less. At 76 +/- 1 weeks of age the animals were sacrificed, the peritoneal cell suspensions were obtained and the immune organs (axillary nodes, spleen and thymus) were isolated. The following leukocyte functions were studied in peritoneal macrophages: adherence to substrate, mobility (spontaneous and chemotaxis), ingestion of particles and superoxide anion production whereas mobility, lymphoproliferative response to the mitogen Con A and NK activity were studied in the immune-organ leukocyte suspensions. The results show that the aged fast mice have better immune functions than the aged slow mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De la Fuente
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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37
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Potestio M, Caruso C, Gervasi F, Scialabba G, D'Anna C, Di Lorenzo G, Balistreri CR, Candore G, Romano GC. Apoptosis and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 102:221-37. [PMID: 9720654 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of T cells from aged individuals leads to different kinds and/or size of responses if compared with the responses of T cells obtained from young individuals. In fact elderly is associated with a progressive decline of immune response besides an increasing incidence of autoimmune phenomena. These differences might be the result of modified cellular mechanisms controlling the immune system in the course of ageing. The apoptotic deletion of activated T cells has been proposed as the key mechanism to maintain T cell homeostasis, and in this respect CD95 (Fas antigen) seems to play a major role in this course of events. In this study we show that just collected lymphocytes from old subjects displayed an increased expression of the apoptosis molecule CD95. The expression of CD95 and the spontaneous apoptosis showed the same trend. In fact the percentage of apoptotic cells in blood collected from old subjects was enhanced too. The lymphocyte subpopulation analysis by flow cytometry did not show significant changes in T subset percentages between old and young subjects. Moreover mononuclear cells obtained from aged individuals underwent apoptosis in culture in response to a single stimulation with mitogen or anti-CD3, more than mononuclear cells from young controls. To gain insight into mechanisms of this increased apoptosis, experiments were performed to evaluate the behaviors of lymphocytes from old and young donors in respect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) rescue from apoptosis. Results show that IL-2 rescued only a little fraction of cells of old donors from apoptosis when activated by anti-CD3 and that this effect was not related to a different expression of CD95. Thus, during the course of ageing the different regulation of T cell homeostasis might be also explained by the modified proneness of lymphocytes to undergo apoptosis. The contemporaneous demonstration of a reduced Ca2+ influx in lymphoid cells of these subjects allows to suppose that multiple defects play a role in the pathogenesis of immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Potestio
- Istituto di Patologia generale dell'Università di Palermo, Italy
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38
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Boucher N, Dufeu-Duchesne T, Vicaut E, Farge D, Effros RB, Schächter F. CD28 expression in T cell aging and human longevity. Exp Gerontol 1998; 33:267-82. [PMID: 9615924 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(97)00132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional decrements of the immune system have a major contribution to aging and age-related diseases. Here, we further characterize the decline in proportion of CD28-positive T cells previously identified in centenarians. Cohorts of 97 centenarians, 40 subjects aged 70-90 (ELD group), and 40 young adults (under age 40) were phenotyped for T cell surface expression of CD28, CD4, and CD8 antigens. The significant decline in T cells expressing CD28 (p < 10(-4) for comparisons between adults and either ELD or centenarians) affects preferentially the CD8+ subset of T cells. This decline accounts largely for the age-related diminution of T cell responsiveness to mitogenic signals. CD28 expression is modulated in T cell cultures in a growth-related fashion and this modulation is dampened in cultures from centenarians. We propose that the decrease in CD28 expression reflects a compensatory adaptation of the immune system during aging in the face of chronic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boucher
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
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39
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VanAman SE, Whisler RL. Differential expression of p53 tumor suppressor protein and IL-2 in activated T cells from elderly humans. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:315-20. [PMID: 9620358 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in T cell proliferative responses and aberrations in cytokine production. In the present study, we examined if aging might alter the expression of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 and the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (Rb) as well as the levels of Bcl-2 in resting and activated human T cells. No significant differences were observed in the basal levels of p53 protein among resting T cells from young and elderly humans. After stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) OKT3 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), T cells from young humans exhibited severalfold increases in p53 protein expression compared with resting T cells. By contrast, T cells from a substantial portion of elderly humans failed to demonstrate significant increases in p53 in response to anti-CD3 plus PMA. No age-related alterations in the levels of Rb or Bcl-2 proteins were observed in resting or anti-CD3/PMA-stimulated T cells. To delineate whether the age-related reductions in p53 expression might be linked to decreased interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, we compared the expression of p53 and IL-2 in anti-CD3/PMA-stimulated T cells from elderly people. The results showed that impaired induction of p53 expression in activated T cells from certain elderly people could be observed without considerable impairments in IL-2 production. These observations suggest that age-related reductions in T cell expression of p53 may contribute to the decline of T cell competence independent of the impairments in IL-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E VanAman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The William H. Davis Medical Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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40
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Godthelp BC, van Tol MJ, Vossen JM, van den Elsen PJ. Long-term T cell immune reconstitution in 2 SCID patients after BMT. Hum Immunol 1998; 59:225-38. [PMID: 9568798 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the long-term reconstitution of the T cell immune repertoire in recipients of an allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (allo-BMT), we have analyzed the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the periphery and the T cell response against tetanus toxoid in two T- B+ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) patients more than 11 years after HLA haplo-identical allo-BMT. Our studies demonstrate that in the periphery of allo-BMT recipients, on the basis of TCR V-gene segment usage, the T cell immune repertoire long after allo-BMT is diverse, as is that of the donor. However, when donor and allo-BMT recipient were compared, differences were noted in the TCR Complementarity Determining Region 3 (CDR3) size distributions and in the T cell response against tetanus toxoid. In particular, the tetanus toxoid specific T cell clones differed in their use of HLA restriction elements, and expressed different T cell receptors. Moreover, we have uncovered donor-type tetanus toxoid specific T cell clones which were established from allo-BMT recipient derived peripheral blood lymphocytes and were found to be restricted by the non-shared recipient allele. This observation suggests a role for recipient-mediated T cell selection processes, in the thymus or at extra-thymic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Godthelp
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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41
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Di Pietro R, Rana R. Age-related defect of phospholipase C activity, differential expression of the beta 2 isoform in active T lymphocytes from aged humans. Hum Immunol 1998; 59:25-8. [PMID: 9544236 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of phosphoinositide-specific PLC is one of the early cellular responses to various growth factors and mitogens. It is known that these functions are altered with ageing. Here we show that the beta 2 isozyme is decreased with ageing in a peculiar T lymphocyte subpopulation involved in the immune response, namely the active T lymphocytes. The presence and cellular distribution of PLC isozymes were investigated with immunochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The in situ immunocytochemistry displayed the presence of the beta and gamma isoforms in the cytoplasm, while no reactivity for the delta isoform was observed regardless of the age. The immunoblot analysis showed an increased expression in the beta 2 isoform in the young and an equal expression of the gamma 1 isoform in either age group. Our findings suggest that the age-related defect of PLC activity is possibly due to an impaired expression of isozymes in aged active T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Pietro
- Istituto di Morfologia Umana Normale, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy.
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42
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Toichi E, Hanada K, Hosokawa T, Higuchi K, Hosokawa M, Imamura S, Hosono M. Age-related decline in humoral immunity caused by the selective loss of TH cells and decline in cellular immunity caused by the impaired migration of inflammatory cells without a loss of TDTH cells in SAMP1 mice. Mech Ageing Dev 1997; 99:199-217. [PMID: 9483493 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(97)00100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cellular basis of the age-related decline in antibody (Ab) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in vivo in short-lived senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) P1. In SAMP1 mice, age-related decreases in CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood occurred earlier than in control mice and occurred in parallel with the age-related decline in Ab and DTH responses. In addition, the involution of the thymus was faster. The injection of thymic T cells from young mice before sensitization completely restored the Ab responses in aged SAMP1 mice. These data suggest that the age-related decline in Ab response is due to the age-related early loss of helper-T (TH) cells. On the other hand, the local transfer of spleen cells from sensitized aged donors into the footpads of naive syngeneic recipients evoked strong DTH responses, demonstrating the existence of DTH-mediating T (TDTH) cells in the spleens of aged SAMP1 mice. Moreover, the local injection of naive spleen cells from young donors, together with the antigen, into the footpads caused DTH responses in sensitized aged recipients. These findings indicate that TDTH cells were induced and were able to migrate and function as effector cells in aged mice. When naive spleen cells from aged donors were injected locally into the footpad, they restored the DTH response in aged mice, but this effect did not work if the cells were injected intravenously. This demonstrates that the inflammatory cells of the aged mice were able to work at the local site, but could not migrate there. The intravenous injection of naive spleen cells from young donors restored the DTH response in aged mice, suggesting that the endothelial cells of aged mice were not impaired and permitted the inflammatory cells to migrate into the extravascular tissues. Thus, although the age-related decline of the Ab and DTH responses occur in parallel, we found different effects of aging on TH and TDTH cells in SAMP1 mice. Furthermore, our data suggest that the reason for the low DTH response in aged SAMP1 mice is not the loss of TDTH cells, but rather the impaired migration of inflammatory cells into the local site.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Toichi
- Department of Senescence Biology, Kyoto University, Japan
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43
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Pawelec G, Rehbein A, Haehnel K, Merl A, Adibzadeh M. Human T-cell clones in long-term culture as a model of immunosenescence. Immunol Rev 1997; 160:31-42. [PMID: 9476663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1997.tb01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have consistently observed that like other normal somatic tissue cells, human T lymphocytes manifest a finite proliferative capacity in culture in vitro. When measured in population doublings (PD), this averages about 35 PD for T-cell clones (TCC) derived from mature peripheral T cells of young adults and about 20 PD more for TCC derived from T-cell precursors in their bone marrow. We believe that alterations in surface marker phenotypes and corresponding functional changes observed in these human TCC as they progress through their finite lifespans in vitro can provide valuable information on processes of T-cell immunosenescence in vivo. They may also provide a model system for studying ways of modulating the ageing process to delay or prevent immunosenescence in the elderly and the chronically infected or possibly to accelerate immunosenescence in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen Medical School, Germany.
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44
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Candore G, Di Lorenzo G, Mansueto P, Melluso M, Fradà G, Li Vecchi M, Esposito Pellitteri M, Drago A, Di Salvo A, Caruso C. Prevalence of organ-specific and non organ-specific autoantibodies in healthy centenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 1997; 94:183-90. [PMID: 9147370 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(96)01845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated the prevalence of organ-specific and non organ-specific autoantibodies in 26 healthy centenarians (6 men, 20 women; age range 101-106 years), using as controls 54 healthy old (33 men and 21 women, age range 71-93) and 56 young subjects (29 men and 27 women, age range 26-60). We assayed sera of each group for the following organ-specific autoantibodies, anti-gastric mucosa (anti-PCA), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and non organ-specific autoantibodies, anti-cardiolipin (anti-APA IgG and IgM), anti-nuclear antigens (anti-ANA), anti-double strand DNA (anti-ds-DNA), anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA). Finally, natural anti-alpha-galactosyl (anti-alpha-GAL) antibodies were also analyzed. As expected, in the old subjects there was a significant increase of prevalence of anti-Tg and anti-PCA autoantibodies. By contrast, in centenarians the prevalence of organ specific anti-Tg and anti-PCA antibodies was not significantly different from that observed in controls aged less than 60 years. The prevalence of non organ-specific autoantibodies anti-APA (IgG), anti-APA (IgM), anti-ANA, was significantly increased both in the elderly and centenarians when compared with the prevalence observed in sera from the young. Anti-ENA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were not detected in all groups studied. Finally, the prevalence of natural anti-alpha-GAL antibodies significantly increases with age, including centenarians. In conclusion, we confirm and extend the results previously obtained by other authors. In fact, as already described, the prevalence of organ-specific autoantibodies in the elderly is not seen after the tenth decade of life. Interestingly, the prevalence of non organ-specific autoantibodies is instead increased in these subjects, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of these autoantibodies. Particularly, these autoantibodies could be the expression of a damaged tissue process rather than of an autoimmune one, as suggested by data concerning natural antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Candore
- Divisione di Medicina Interna, Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria dell' Universita' di Palermo, Italy
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45
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Herrick C, Heald P. The dynamic interplay of malignant and benign T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Dermatol Clin 1997; 15:149-57. [PMID: 9001868 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a malignancy of functional, tissue-specific T cells. Many characteristics of the disease can be explained by virtue of the ability of the malignant cell population to actively participate in the host's immunologic network. Various aspects of this dynamic interplay between malignant and benign T cells are discussed, including impact on diagnosis, staging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herrick
- Dermatology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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46
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Barili P, Bronzetti E, Felici L, Ferrante F, Ricci A, Zaccheo D, Amenta F. Age-dependent changes in the expression of dopamine receptor subtypes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1996; 71:45-50. [PMID: 8982102 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological profile and the density of dopamine D3 and D5 receptor subtypes expressed by human peripheral blood lymphocytes of subjects of different ages (ranging from 20 to 75 years) were assessed using radioligand binding techniques. Dopamine D3 receptor was assayed with [3H]7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetraline ([3H]7-OH-DPAT) as a ligand. Dopamine D5 receptor was assayed using [3HIR]-(+)-(-chloro-2,3,4,5, tetrahydro-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-al-hemimaleate) ([3H]SCH 23390) as a ligand. The affinity and the pharmacological profile of [3H]7-OH-DPAT and [3H]SCH 23390 at dopamine D3 and D5 receptor, respectively, were similar in subjects of different ages. The density of dopamine D3 receptor binding sites was slightly decreased in subjects of 30-39 years in comparison with younger individuals. A remarkable loss of dopamine D3 receptor was then found between 40 and 49 years of age in comparison with younger subjects. A further slight decrease was noticeable between 50 and 59 years of age. The number of [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding sites was then stabilized after 60 years of age. The density of dopamine D5 receptor binding sites did not show age-dependent changes. The above findings indicate the occurrence of a decline in the density of lymphocyte dopamine D3 but not D5 receptor between adult and mature subjects. The possibility that dopamine D3 receptor assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes may represent a tool for investigating dopamine receptor function in aging and age-related neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barili
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università di Camerino, Italy
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47
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Lio D, Candore G, Cigna D, D'Anna C, Di Lorenzo G, Giordano C, Lucania G, Mansueto P, Melluso M, Modica MA, Caruso C. In vitro T cell activation in elderly individuals: failure in CD69 and CD71 expression. Mech Ageing Dev 1996; 89:51-8. [PMID: 8819106 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(96)01726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A large number of T cell dysfunctions have been observed in the elderly. The most widely observed is the inability of these cells to proliferate at a level comparable to T cells from young individuals after stimulation by mitogens. To better characterize T cell impairment, we have focused on the in vitro T cell activation, analyzing by flow cytometry the activation molecules CD69 and CD71 on mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from young and elderly subjects. The results show that the percentages of CD69+ and CD71 + T cells were significantly decreased in cultures from elderly subjects when compared to values obtained culturing cells from young individuals. The differences observed seem not due to differences in CD4 and CD8 rates in the "old' cells that underwent activation, since, following activation, the pattern of CD4 and CD8 phenotypes was the same in both groups of subjects. Signals from CD69 are relevant in controlling cytokine gene expression because its stimulation leads to interleukin-2 production and increases its receptor expression. The interaction of this cytokine with its cellular receptor is an essential requirement for T lymphocytes to express CD71 and to start proliferation. Thus, a key role in the age-associated impairment of T cell activation could be played by an ineffective modulation of CD69 expression suggesting a defect in the signal transduction pathway of the T cell receptor-CD3 complex in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lio
- Istituto di Patologia generale, dell' Universita' di Palermo, Italy
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48
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Caruso C, Candore G, Cigna D, DiLorenzo G, Sireci G, Dieli F, Salerno A. Cytokine production pathway in the elderly. Immunol Res 1996; 15:84-90. [PMID: 8739567 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that aging is associated with various alterations in lymphoid cell functions, particularly with a progressive decline in immune responsiveness to exogenous antigens and increasing incidence of autoimmune phenomena. Many studies have been focused on the mechanisms of the immunologic features of aging. this review describes our results of studies performed to determine the influence of age on the capacity to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-t (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Mitogen-stimulated cultures of mononuclear cells (MNC) from human beings were assessed for cytokine-producing capacity. A significant decrease in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production by MNC cultures from elderly individuals was observed. No significant difference was instead observed between cultures from elderly individuals and those from young ones as regards TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-6 production. Mitogen or antigen-stimulated cultures of MNC from aged mice also displayed a significant decrease in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production as well as TNF-beta. Instead IL-4 and IL-5 production significantly increased in these cultures. We suggest that this imbalanced cytokine production may well account for the pattern of immune response which may be observed in the elderly, i.e. a normal or increased humoral response (including autoimmune responses) in face of a low T cell immune responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Istituti di Patologia Generale, Università di Palermo, Italia
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49
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Abstract
A human T cell culture system has been developed to study cellular senescence in a manner analogous to that used for fibroblasts. Using this system, several markers of replicative senescence have been identified. Evidence is provided to show that new insights into the immune deficiency of aging as well as HIV infection have emerged from the in vitro model. The culture model is now being exploited to dissect the basic mechanisms underlying the senescence program in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Effros
- Department of Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1732, USA
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50
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Han D, Hosokawa T, Aoike A, Kawai K. Age-related enhancement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 1995; 84:39-54. [PMID: 8719776 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(95)01634-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated age-related changes in the production of TNF at the cellular level using immunocompetent peritoneal and spleen cells from C3H/He mice of various ages. The density of cultured peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells required for TNF production was at least 5 x 10(5) cells/dish. The optimal concentration of OK-432 for 24-h culture of peritoneal macrophages (1 x 10(6) cells) and spleen cells (1 x 10(7) cells) was 0.5 and 0.1 KE/ml, respectively. Among peritoneal cells, adherent macrophages were the major TNF-producing cells, whilst nonadherent T or B cells alone did not produce TNF after stimulation with OK-432. In the case of spleen cells, T or B cells were involved in the production of TNF when cultured with a few adherent cells in the presence of OK-432. However, T or B cells alone failed to produce TNF. Production of TNF by peritoneal macrophages from both male and female mice increased significantly with aging. In contrast, although TNF production by spleen cells tended to increase with aging, no significant change was noted. The total number of peritoneal and spleen cells, respectively increased up to about 18 months after birth with B cells being principally responsible for this age-related increase. We previously reported that systemic production of TNF increases with aging. The present study of TNF production at the cellular level in mice indicated (1) that TNF production per macrophage increased with aging, and (2) that the number of T and B cells involved in the production of TNF in the presence of macrophages also increased at least up to middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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