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Khobra R, Sheoran S, Sareen S, Meena BK, Kumar A, Singh G. Augmenting the basis of lodging tolerance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum) under natural and simulated conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24107. [PMID: 39236222 DOI: 10.1071/fp24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
In wheat (Triticum aestivum ), canopy architecture, culm diameter and stem strength are the key providers of lodging tolerance. To better understand the lodging phenomenon and determine the best linked trait to lodging, a study of lodging resistance was conducted in both artificially-induced and natural lodging conditions. Various morphological, phenological and biochemical traits, such as acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and activity of lignin-synthesising enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase) were recorded. Anatomical features were also examined by light microscopy, using the Wiesner reaction. Genotype C306 demonstrated the highest susceptibility to lodging compared to other varieties due to its limited production of lignin-synthesising enzymes, as well as its taller plant height and narrower culms. The dwarf mutants (DM6 and DM7) have a stronger resistance against lodging because they have thick stems and a short plant canopy structure. The most suitable donors for lodging are semidwarf varieties (HD2967, DPW621-50, DBW88) because they have higher production of lignin and lignin-synthesising enzymes. Grey correlation analysis also confirmed the ability of these three genotypes to tolerate lodging. The genotypes studied were comprehensively ranked. The study also includes an effort towards the standardisation of lodging methodology under artificial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Khobra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sonia Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sindhu Sareen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Braj Kishor Meena
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
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Han C, Ding Y, Tang ZJ, Lai YQ, Liu M. Sustainable regulation of calcium magnesium phosphate and rapeseed cake on soil-tea system in Mount Lushan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:294. [PMID: 38976147 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Lushan Yunwu tea quality is limited by soil acidity and sterility. This article examined a 3-year localization experiment at 1100 m altitude to demonstrate the sustainable management of conditioners, calcium magnesium phosphate (P), rapeseed cake (C), and combination application (P + C) by one-time application on the soil-tea system in Mount Lushan. The study found that conditioners (P, C, P + C) reduced soil acidification and maintained a pH of 4.75-5.34, ideal for tea tree development for 3 years. Phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), nitrogen activation coefficient (NAC), and organic matter (OM) content were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the first year after conditioner treatment, with P + C being the best. After P + C, PAC, NAC, and OM rose by 31.25%, 47.70%, and 10.06 g kg-1 compared to CK. In comparison to the CK, tea's hundred-bud weight (BW), free amino acids (AA), tea polyphenols (TPC), and chlorophyll (Chl) content of P + C treatment got 29.98%, 14.41%, 22.49%, and 28.85% increase compared to that of the CK, respectively. In the second year, the three treatments of P, C and P + C still had significant moderating effects on the physicochemical properties of the soil and the quality indexes of the tea leaves. The PAC of the soil under the three treatments increased by 0.06%, 0.07% and 0.18%, respectively, as compared to the control.P + C increased BW, AA, TPC and Chl of tea for 2 years. Three conditioners had 2-year regulatory impacts on soil fertility indicators, tea output, and quality. C and P + C both increased soil OM by 18.59% and 21.78% compared to CK in the third year, outperforming P treatment. Redundancy analysis revealed that the primary physicochemical factors influencing tea output and quality were soil OM and pH, with available phosphorus, urease, acid phosphatase, and available nitrogen following closely afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Han
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Y Ding
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China.
| | - Z J Tang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Y Q Lai
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - M Liu
- Jiangxi Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Nanchang, 330039, China.
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Kumar R, Kumari VV, Gujjar RS, Kumari M, Goswami SK, Datta J, Pal S, Jha SK, Kumar A, Pathak AD, Skalicky M, Siddiqui MH, Hossain A. Evaluating the imazethapyr herbicide mediated regulation of phenol and glutathione metabolism and antioxidant activity in lentil seedlings. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16370. [PMID: 38188166 PMCID: PMC10771082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The imidazolinone group of herbicides generally work for controlling weeds by limiting the synthesis of the aceto-hydroxy-acid enzyme, which is linked to the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plant cells. The herbicide imazethapyr is from the class and the active ingredient of this herbicide is the same as other herbicides Contour, Hammer, Overtop, Passport, Pivot, Pursuit, Pursuit Plus, and Resolve. It is commonly used for controlling weeds in soybeans, alfalfa hay, corn, rice, peanuts, etc. Generally, the herbicide imazethapyr is safe and non-toxic for target crops and environmentally friendly when it is used at low concentration levels. Even though crops are extremely susceptible to herbicide treatment at the seedling stage, there have been no observations of its higher dose on lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) at that stage. The current study reports the consequence of imazethapyr treatment on phenolic acid and flavonoid contents along with the antioxidant activity of the phenolic extract. Imazethapyr treatment significantly increased the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phenol oxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), in lentil seedlings at doses of 0 RFD, 0.5 RFD, 1 RFD, 1.25 RFD, 1.5 RFD, and 2 RFD. Application of imazethapyr resulted in the 3.2 to 26.31 and 4.57-27.85% increase in mean phenolic acid and flavonoid content, respectively, over control. However, the consequent fold increase in mean antioxidant activity under 2, 2- diphenylpicrylhdrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay system was in the range of 1.17-1.85 and 1.47-2.03%. Mean PAL and POD activities increased by 1.63 to 3.66 and 1.71 to 3.35-fold, respectively, in agreement with the rise in phenolic compounds, indicating that these enzyme's activities were modulated in response to herbicide treatment. Following herbicide treatments, the mean thiol content also increased significantly in corroboration with the enhancement in GR activity in a dose-dependent approach. A similar increase in GST activity was also observed with increasing herbicide dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V. Visha Kumari
- Agronomy, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ranjit Singh Gujjar
- Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mala Kumari
- Integral Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Goswami
- Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradash, India
| | - Jhuma Datta
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Srikumar Pal
- Agricultural Biochemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Jha
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwini Dutt Pathak
- Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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Thakur R, Sharma S, Devi R, Sirari A, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R. Exploring the molecular basis of resistance to Botrytis cinerea in chickpea genotypes through biochemical and morphological markers. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15560. [PMID: 37361041 PMCID: PMC10289086 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop around the globe and a valuable source of protein in the human diet. However, it is highly susceptible to various plant pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which can cause significant damage from the seedling phase until harvest, leading to reduced yields and affecting its production. Botrytis cinerea can cause significant damage to chickpea crops, especially under high humidity and moisture conditions. This fungus can cause grey mould disease, which can lead to wilting, stem and pod rot, and reduced yields. Chickpea plants have developed specific barriers to counteract the harmful effects of this fungus. These barriers include biochemical and structural defences. In this study, the defence responses against B. cinerea were measured by the quantification of biochemical metabolites such as antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, glutathione (GSH), H2O2, ascorbic acid (AA) and total phenol in the leaf samples of chickpea genotypes (one accession of wild Cicer species, viz. Cicer pinnatifidum188 identified with high level of resistance to Botrytis grey mould (BGM) and a cultivar, Cicer arietinumPBG5 susceptible to BGM grown in the greenhouse). Seedlings of both the genotypes were inoculated with (1 × 104 spore mL-1) inoculum of isolate 24, race 510 of B. cinerea and samples were collected after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). The enhanced enzymatic activity was observed in the pathogen-inoculated leaf samples as compared to uninoculated (healthy control). Among inoculated genotypes, the resistant one exhibited a significant change in enzymatic activity, total phenolic content, MDA, proline, GSH, H2O2, and AA, compared to the susceptible genotype. The study also examined the isozyme pattern of antioxidant enzymes at various stages of B. cinerea inoculation. Results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that BGM had a more significant impact on susceptible genotypes compared to resistant ones when compared to the control (un-inoculated). In addition, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy analyses confirmed the greater severity of BGM on susceptible genotypes compared to their resistant counterparts. Our results suggest the role of antioxidant enzymes and other metabolites as defence tools and biochemical markers to understand compatible and non-compatible plant-pathogen interactions better. The present investigation will assist future plant breeding programs aimed at developing resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Thakur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Rajni Devi
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Asmita Sirari
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ansari M, Ahmed S, Abbasi A, Hamad NA, Ali HM, Khan MT, Haq IU, Zaman QU. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for the Enhanced Growth and Yield of Tomato against Early Blight Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040886. [PMID: 37110309 PMCID: PMC10145257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are among the most widely cultivated and economically important crops worldwide. Farmers' major challenge when growing tomatoes is early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani, which results in significant yield losses. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained popularity recently due to their potential antifungal activity. The present study investigated the potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for enhancing the growth and yield of tomato plants and their resistance against early blight disease. AgNPs were synthesized using leaf extract of the neem tree. Tomato plants treated with AgNPs showed a significant increase in plant height (30%), number of leaves, fresh weight (45%), and dry weight (40%) compared to the control plants. Moreover, the AgNP-treated plants exhibited a significant reduction in disease severity index (DSI) (73%) and disease incidence (DI) (69%) compared to the control plants. Tomato plants treated with 5 and 10 ppm AgNPs reached their maximum levels of photosynthetic pigments and increased the accumulation of certain secondary metabolites compared to the control group. AgNP treatment improved stress tolerance in tomato plants as indicated by higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as PO (60%), PPO (65%), PAL (65.5%), SOD (65.3%), CAT (53.8%), and APX (73%). These results suggest that using green synthesized AgNPs is a promising approach for enhancing the growth and yield of tomato plants and protecting them against early blight disease. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of nanotechnology-based solutions for sustainable agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Ansari
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Asim Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 47150, Pakistan
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Najwa A Hamad
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida P.O. Box 919, Libya
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tajammal Khan
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Singh H, Grewal SK, Singh R, Bhardwaj RD. Induced defense responses in cultivated and wild chickpea genotypes against Helicoverpa armigera infestation. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-022-00151-2. [PMID: 36609909 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Five desi (GL 12,021, GL 29,095, GL 29,078, H11 22 and CSJ 515) and three wild (GLW 22, GLW 58 and GLW 187) chickpea cultivars showed induced defense response against Helicoverpa armigera infestation as a result of enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase in leaves, pod walls and seeds. Catalase activity increased in leaves of GL 12,021, H11 22, GL 29,095, CSJ 515, GLW 22, and GL 29,078 after infestation compared to resistant check; catalase and peroxidase activities in GL 29,095 and GL 29,078; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves of GLW 58. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase in pod wall of H1122; catalase in pod wall of 29,078, GL 29,095 and GL 22; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in pod wall of GLW 58; phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase in pod wall of GLW 187, H11 22, GL 20,978, GLW 22 and GLW 58 after infestation as compared to resistant check might be responsible for mitigating infestation induced oxidative stress. MDA content decreased in leaves, pod wall and seeds of GLW 187 and GL 12,021 after infestation. Lower percent pod damage (9.58-12.44%) in GL 12,021, GLW 187, GL 29,095, H11 22, GL 29,078, GLW 22 and GLW 58 as compared to resistant (16.18%) and susceptible (21.50) checks might be attributed to differential induced defense mechanism in them. The identified desi and wild genotypes might be used in breeding program to develop cultivars with improved resistance to herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
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Pandey AK, Kumar A, Samota MK, Tanti A. Trichoderma reesei as an elicitor triggers defense responses in tea plant and delays gray blight symptoms. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105279. [PMID: 36464383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gray blight caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species is a major disease of tea crop worldwide including India, causes significant losses in tea production. Management of disease using fungal biocontrol agents is considered an alternative eco-friendly approach to synthetic fungicides. The present study explores the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei in the gray blight management in tea crop and activation of defense related enzymes against gray blight pathogen by developing a tri-trophic interaction system. Out of 16 isolates of Trichoderma species screened in laboratory against Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, a gray blight pathogen, isolate TRPATH01 had highest antagonistic activity (81.2%) against Ps. theae and was found to produce inhibitory volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Based on ITS and TEF-1 alpha sequencing, the isolate TRPATH01 was recognised as T. reesei. The methanolic extract of T. reesei was also found effective against Ps. theae at 200 μg/mL also confirmed presence of highest volatile compounds. The isolate also produced hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase, cellulase, protease, and lipase. Under nursery conditions, 2% and 5% concentrations with 2 × 106 conidia/ml of T. reesei were able to reduce 67.5% to 75.0% of disease severity over pathogen inoculated controls. Moreover, compared with positive and negative controls, T. reesei -treated tea plants showed increased shoot height, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh weight at 45 days after inoculation. Principal component analysis capturing 97.1% phenotypic variations, which revealed that the tea plants co-inoculated with Ps. theae and T. reesei exhibited significantly upregulated accumulation of defensive enzymes viz., polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, phenolics, β-1, 3-glucanase, and chitinase when compared to both controls. Hence, T. reesei could provide an eco-friendly and viable mitigation option for gray blight in tea gardens by inducing defense-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay K Pandey
- Deparment of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional Research & Development Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal 735225, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh K Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Abohar 152116, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjyoti Tanti
- Department of Mycology & Microbiology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India
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Sharma H, Chawla N, Dhatt AS. Role of phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase and anthocyanidin synthase enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in developing Solanum melongena L. genotypes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13756. [PMID: 36281844 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solanum melongena is a widely consumed vegetable crop comprising health-benefiting phenolic compounds. It has a complex network of biosynthetic enzymes involved in synthesizing nutraceuticals, including anthocyanins. The present study was conducted to investigate the activities of key enzymes involved in biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in developing genotypes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). As inadequate information is available in this context, fruit and leaf tissues were analyzed for enzyme activities and anthocyanin accumulation. The study included characterization of extracted anthocyanin followed by expression studies for gateway enzyme (ANS) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Delphinidin was a major anthocyanidin present in fruit tissues (1.46-110.49 mg/100 g) of S. melongena. Anthocyanin accumulation is backed up by the correlation between biochemical analysis and expression studies. The study has shown variation for PAL, TAL and ANS enzymes in different tissues at developmental stages. Enzyme activities had a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Neena Chawla
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Dhatt
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Nanglia S, Mahajan BVC, Singh NP, Kapoor S, Bhullar KS, Kaur S, Kumar V. Combined effect of acids and shellac coating on pericarp browning, enzymatic activities and biochemical attributes of litchi fruit during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Nanglia
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - BVC Mahajan
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - NP Singh
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - Swati Kapoor
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - KS Bhullar
- School of Organic Farming Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
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Ashraf H, Batool T, Anjum T, Illyas A, Li G, Naseem S, Riaz S. Antifungal Potential of Green Synthesized Magnetite Nanoparticles Black Coffee-Magnetite Nanoparticles Against Wilt Infection by Ameliorating Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression in Solanum lycopersicum L. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:754292. [PMID: 35308392 PMCID: PMC8928266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.754292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Fusarium wilt is one of the most devasting diseases of tomatoes caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causing high yield and economic losses annually. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are one of the potent candidates to inhibit fungal infection by improving plant growth parameters. Spinach has been used as a starting material to synthesize green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Various extracts, i.e., pomegranate juice, white vinegar, pomegranate peel, black coffee (BC), aloe vera peel, and aspirin, had been used as reducing/stabilizing agents to tune the properties of the Fe3O4 NPs. After utilizing spinach as a precursor and BC as a reducing agent, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed cubic magnetite (Fe3O4) phase. Spherical-shaped nanoparticles (∼20 nm) with superparamagnetic nature indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) monographs, whereas energy-dispersive X-ray gives good elemental composition in Fe3O4 NPs. A characteristic band of Fe-O at ∼ 561 cm-1 was exhibited by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the binding energies of Fe 2p3/2 (∼710.9 eV) and Fe 2p1/2 (∼724.5 eV) while, Raman bands at ∼310 cm-1 (T2 g ), ∼550 cm-1 (T2 g ), and 670 cm-1 (A1 g ) indicated the formation of Fe3O4 NPs synthesized using BC extract. The in vitro activity of BC-Fe3O4 NPs significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum both at the third and seventh day after incubation, in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies also exhibited a substantial reduction in disease severity and incidence by improving plant growth parameters after treatment with different concentrations of BC-Fe3O4 NPs. The increasing tendency in enzymatic activities had been measured after treatment with different concentrations of NPs both in roots and shoot of tomato plants as compared to the control. Correspondingly, the upregulation of PR-proteins and defense genes are in line with the results of the enzymatic activities. The outcome of the present findings suggests that Fe3O4 NPs has the potential to control wilt infection by enhancing plant growth. Hence, Fe3O4 NPs, being non-phytotoxic, have impending scope in the agriculture sector to attain higher yield by managing plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Ashraf
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Batool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Illyas
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Shafique S, Shafique S, Ahmad A. Biochemical and Molecular Screening of Varieties of Chili Plants that are Resistant against Fusarium Wilt Infection. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:12-19. [PMID: 29760960 PMCID: PMC5944421 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pakistan holds the position of top chilies producers. So Capsicum annuum L. production in Pakistan should be promoted by combating against diseases. The only solution is to cultivate resistant varieties. Presently six chili varieties were treated with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and screened for the most resistant and the most susceptible varieties. Representative varieties were evaluated for their biochemical and transcriptional profiles to discover the bases of antifungal-resistance. Results concluded that the most resistant variety was “Dandicut” and the most susceptible was “Ghotki”. Tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, Riboflavins and saponins were observed in higher quantities in Dandicut as compared to Ghotki. Defense related enzymes i.e. polyphenol oxidase, phenyl ammonia lyase and peroxidase were found in elevated amounts in Dandicut than in Ghotki. Transcriptional results showed that defense related genes i.e. PR2a, acidic glucanase; Chitinase 3, acidic; Osmotin-like PR5 and Metallothionein 2b-like had higher expressional rates in Dandicut. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed stronger direct interaction in signal transduction and salicylic acid pathway. Resistance of chili varieties is salicylic acid based. Results obtained from this study not only help to improve chili production in Pakistan but also facilitate variety development operations. Moreover, it also constructed a scale to evaluate innate resistance among varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobiya Shafique
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shafique
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Induction of nodD Gene in a Betarhizobium Isolate, Cupriavidus sp. of Mimosa pudica, by Root Nodule Phenolic Acids. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:733-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yasin N, Ahmed S. Induction of defence-related biochemicals by rhizosphere bacteria against black spot disease of rose. BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE 2016; 32:34-46. [DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2015.1017737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Kaur R, Gupta AK, Taggar GK. Induced resistance by oxidative shifts in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) following Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) herbivory. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:770-782. [PMID: 24974811 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative responses in leaves, developing seeds and the pod wall of nine pigeonpea genotypes were investigated against Helicoverpa armigera feeding. Out of nine genotypes, four were moderately resistant, three were intermediate and two were moderately susceptible genotypes. RESULTS A significant shift in the oxidative status of pigeonpea following herbivory was depicted by the upregulation of diamine oxidase (DAO), polyamine oxidase (PAO) and lipoxygenase 2 (LOX 2) activities. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly higher in the infested pod wall and leaves of moderately resistant genotypes than in those of moderately susceptible genotypes. H. armigera infestation markedly enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activities in wounded tissues. The decline in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and ascorbate content was lower in moderately resistant genotypes than in moderately susceptible genotypes. A significant decrease in LOX 3 activity was also observed in the infested pod wall of moderately resistant and intermediate genotypes. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher proline content of the infested pod wall and developing seeds was observed. Higher activities of PPO, PAL and proline content in leaves of uninfested moderately resistant genotypes could either be an unrelated observation or alternatively could help in identifying H. armigera-resistant genotypes. CONCLUSION The increase in activities of PPO, DAO, PAO, PAL and TAL and higher proline and lower MDA content upon herbivory suggested their integrated contribution in providing resistance to pigeonpea against H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Akram W, Mahboob A, Javed AA. Bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 can induce systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2013; 3:275-80. [PMID: 24294498 PMCID: PMC3838544 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.3.2013.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The research work was performed to investigate the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 to induce systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt. Roots of two-week-old seedlings of tomato plants were primed with bacterial strain. After 10 days of transplantation, some pots of tomato seedlings were provided with inoculum of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici according to experimental design to induce disease. After 15 days of incubation period, plants challenged with F. oxysporum lycopersici alone were having obvious symptoms of Fusarium wilt. Plants that were treated with B. thuringiensis 199 + F. oxysporum lycopersici were having significant reduction of disease severity. Quantity of total phenolics increased 1.7-fold in bacterial-treated plants as compared to nontreated. Likewise, in case of defense-related enzymes, a significant increase of 1.3-, 1.8-, and 1.4-fold in polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (PO) was observed in comparison with untreated control. These results, hence, prove the potential of this bacterial strain for use as plant protection agent.
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Salicylic Acid Treatment and/orErysiphe polygoniInoculation on Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Peroxidase Content and Accumulation of Phenolics in Pea Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1300/j484v11n02_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and susceptibility of the maize mesocotyl to Helminthosporium maydis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dickerson D, Pascholati S, Hagerman AE, Butler L, Nicholson R. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase in maize mesocotyls inoculated with Helminthosporium maydis or Helminthosporium carbonum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(84)90050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Burrell M, ap Rees T. Carbohydrate metabolism of rice leaves infected by Piricularia oryzae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(74)90034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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