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Volkova YL, Jucht AE, Oechsler N, Krishnankutty R, von Kriegsheim A, Wenger RH, Scholz CC. Selective Hypoxia-Sensitive Oxomer Formation by FIH Prevents Binding of the NF-κB Inhibitor IκBβ to NF-κB Subunits. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:138-148. [PMID: 38644795 PMCID: PMC11110689 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2338727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of cellular hydroxylase oxygen sensors are protective in multiple preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are only partly understood, preventing clinical translation. We previously proposed a new mechanism for cellular oxygen sensing: oxygen-dependent, (likely) covalent protein oligomer (oxomer) formation. Here, we report that the oxygen sensor factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) forms an oxomer with the NF-κB inhibitor β (IκBβ). The formation of this protein complex required FIH enzymatic activity and was prevented by pharmacologic inhibitors. Oxomer formation was highly hypoxia-sensitive and very stable. No other member of the IκB protein family formed an oxomer with FIH, demonstrating that FIH-IκBβ oxomer formation was highly selective. In contrast to the known FIH-dependent oxomer formation with the deubiquitinase OTUB1, FIH-IκBβ oxomer formation did not occur via an IκBβ asparagine residue, but depended on the amino acid sequence VAERR contained within a loop between IκBβ ankyrin repeat domains 2 and 3. Oxomer formation prevented IκBβ from binding to its primary interaction partners p65 and c-Rel, subunits of NF-κB, the master regulator of the cellular transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. We therefore propose that FIH-mediated oxomer formation with IκBβ contributes to the hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia L. Volkova
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Oechsler
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland H. Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C. Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Li B, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhuang S, Zhong X, Chen W, Hong Y, Mo P, Lin S, Wang S, Yu C. Traditional Chinese medicine Pien-Tze-Huang ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis through bile acid-mediated activation of TGR5-STAT3-A20 signalling. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100915. [PMID: 38634065 PMCID: PMC11019283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a class I nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis; however, the effect of PZH on the progression of sepsis is unknown. Here, we reported that PZH attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice and reduced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. Mechanistically, PZH stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to induce the expression of A20, which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling. Knockdown of the bile acid (BA) receptor G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) in macrophages abolished the effects of PZH on STAT3 phosphorylation and A20 induction, as well as the LPS-induced inflammatory response, suggesting that BAs in PZH may mediate its anti-inflammatory effects by activating TGR5. Consistently, deprivation of BAs in PZH by cholestyramine resin reduced the effects of PZH on the expression of phosphorylated-STAT3 and A20, the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas the addition of BAs to cholestyramine resin-treated PZH partially restored the inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Overall, our study identifies BAs as the effective components in PZH that activate TGR5-STAT3-A20 signalling to ameliorate LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuqing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuhai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao J, Zhao C, Xun T, Wang X, Wei S, Ye C, Zhang M, Guo D, Yang X. Huang Gan Formula Alleviates Systemic Inflammation and Uremia in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Rats May Associate with Modification of Gut Microbiota and Colonic Microenvironment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:13-28. [PMID: 38205394 PMCID: PMC10777866 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s421446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of Huang Gan formula (HGF), a Chinese herbal prescription used for chronic kidney disease (CKD), on the regulation of the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment of CKD. Methods CKD rats were induced by 150 mg/kg adenine gavage for 4 weeks, then orally treated with or without 3.6 g/kg or 7.2 g/kg of HGF for 8 weeks. The renal function and structure were analyzed by biochemical detection, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Sirius red and immunochemical staining. Average fecal weight and number in the colon were recorded to assess colonic motility. Further, the changes in the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment were evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing, RT-PCR or immunofluorescence. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, uremic toxins, and NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, chloramine-T method or Western blotting. Redundancy analysis biplot and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for correlation analysis. Results HGF significantly improved renal function and pathological injuries of CKD. HGF could improve gut microbial dysbiosis, protect colonic barrier and promote motility of colonic lumens. Further, HGF inhibited systemic inflammation through a reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and a suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. The serum levels of the selected uremic toxins were also reduced by HGF treatment. Spearman correlation analysis suggested that high-dose HGF inhibited the overgrowth of bacteria that were positively correlated with inflammatory factors (eg, TNF-α) and uremic toxins (eg, indoxyl sulfate), whereas it promoted the proliferation of bacteria belonging to beneficial microbial groups and was positively correlated with the level of IL-10. Conclusion Our results suggest that HGF can improve adenine-induced CKD via suppressing systemic inflammation and uremia, which may associate with the regulations of the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Xun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mimi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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van Muilekom DR, Collet B, Rebl H, Zlatina K, Sarais F, Goldammer T, Rebl A. Lost and Found: The Family of NF-κB Inhibitors Is Larger than Assumed in Salmonid Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10229. [PMID: 37373375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signalling is largely controlled by the family of 'inhibitors of NF-κB' (IκB). The relevant databases indicate that the genome of rainbow trout contains multiple gene copies coding for iκbα (nfkbia), iκbε (nfkbie), iκbδ (nkfbid), iκbζ (nfkbiz), and bcl3, but it lacks iκbβ (nfkbib) and iκbη (ankrd42). Strikingly, three nfkbia paralogs are apparently present in salmonid fish, two of which share a high sequence identity, while the third putative nfkbia gene is significantly less like its two paralogs. This particular nfkbia gene product, iκbα, clusters with the human IκBβ in a phylogenetic analysis, while the other two iκbα proteins from trout associate with their human IκBα counterpart. The transcript concentrations were significantly higher for the structurally more closely related nfkbia paralogs than for the structurally less similar paralog, suggesting that iκbβ probably has not been lost from the salmonid genomes but has been incorrectly designated as iκbα. In the present study, two gene variants coding for iκbα (nfkbia) and iκbε (nfkbie) were prominently expressed in the immune tissues and, particularly, in a cell fraction enriched with granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells from the head kidney of rainbow trout. Stimulation of salmonid CHSE-214 cells with zymosan significantly upregulated the iκbα-encoding gene while elevating the copy numbers of the inflammatory markers interleukin-1-beta and interleukin-8. Overexpression of iκbα and iκbε in CHSE-214 cells dose-dependently quenched both the basal and stimulated activity of an NF-κB promoter suggesting their involvement in immune-regulatory processes. This study provides the first functional data on iκbε-versus the well-researched iκbα factor-in a non-mammalian model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doret R van Muilekom
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Bertrand Collet
- VIM, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fabio Sarais
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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6
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Rossetto I, Santos F, Kido L, Lamas C, Montico F, Cagnon V. Tempol differential effect on prostate cancer inflammation: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Prostate 2023; 83:403-415. [PMID: 36546327 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tempol is a redox-cycling nitroxide that acts directly on inflammation. However, few studies have reported the use of tempol in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study investigated the effects of tempol on inflammation related to NF-κB signaling, using hormone-dependent or hormone-independent cell lines and the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate PCa animal model in the early and late stages of cancer progression. METHODS PC-3 and LnCaP cells were exposed to different tempol doses in vitro, and cell viability assays were performed. The optimal treatment dose was chosen for subsequent analysis using western blotting. Five experimental groups were evaluated in vivo to test for tempol effects in the early (CT12 and TPL12 groups) and late stages (CT20, TPL20-I, and TLP20-II) of PCa development. The TPL groups were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg tempol. All control groups received water as the vehicle. The ventral lobe of the prostate was collected and subjected to immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. RESULTS Tempol treatment reduced cellular proliferation in vitro and improved prostatic morphology in vivo, thereby decreasing tumor progression. Tempol reduced inflammation in preclinical models, and downregulated the initial inflammatory signaling through toll-like receptors, not always mediated by the MyD88 pathway. In addition, it upregulated iκB-α and iκB -β levels, leading to a decrease in NF-κB, TNF-α, and other inflammatory markers. Tempol also influenced cell survival markers. CONCLUSIONS Tempol can be considered a beneficial therapy for PCa treatment owing to its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. Nevertheless, the action of tempol was different depending on the degree of the prostatic lesion in vivo and hormone reliance in vitro. This indicates that tempol plays a multifaceted role in the prostatic tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Rossetto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Kido
- Department of Food and Nutrition, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu Y, Trnka MJ, He L, Burlingame AL, Correia MA. In-Cell Chemical Crosslinking Identifies Hotspots for SQSTM-1/p62-IκBα Interaction That Underscore a Critical Role of p62 in Limiting NF-κB Activation Through IκBα Stabilization. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100495. [PMID: 36634736 PMCID: PMC9947424 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously documented that in liver cells, the multifunctional protein scaffold p62/SQSTM1 is closely associated with IκBα, an inhibitor of the transcriptional activator NF-κB. Such an intimate p62-IκBα association we now document leads to a marked 18-fold proteolytic IκBα-stabilization, enabling its nuclear entry and termination of the NF-κB-activation cycle. In p62-/--cells, such termination is abrogated resulting in the nuclear persistence and prolonged activation of NF-κB following inflammatory stimuli. Utilizing various approaches both classic (structural deletion, site-directed mutagenesis) as well as novel (in-cell chemical crosslinking), coupled with proteomic analyses, we have defined the precise structural hotspots of p62-IκBα association. Accordingly, we have identified such IκBα hotspots to reside around N-terminal (K38, K47, and K67) and C-terminal (K238/C239) residues in its fifth ankyrin repeat domain. These sites interact with two hotspots in p62: One in its PB-1 subdomain around K13, and the other comprised of a positively charged patch (R183/R186/K187/K189) between its ZZ- and TB-subdomains. APEX proximity analyses upon IκBα-cotransfection of cells with and without p62 have enabled the characterization of the p62 influence on IκBα-protein-protein interactions. Interestingly, consistent with p62's capacity to proteolytically stabilize IκBα, its presence greatly impaired IκBα's interactions with various 20S/26S proteasomal subunits. Furthermore, consistent with p62 interaction with IκBα on an interface opposite to that of its NF-κB-interacting interface, p62 failed to significantly affect IκBα-NF-κB interactions. These collective findings together with the known dynamic p62 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling leads us to speculate that it may be involved in "piggy-back" nuclear transport of IκBα following its NF-κB-elicited transcriptional activation and de novo synthesis, required for termination of the NF-κB-activation cycle. Consequently, mice carrying a liver-specific deletion of p62-residues 68 to 252 reveal age-dependent-enhanced liver inflammation. Our findings reveal yet another mode of p62-mediated pathophysiologically relevant regulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael J Trnka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Liang He
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Almira Correia
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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8
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Gao S, Liu X, Han B, Wang N, Lv X, Guan X, Xu G, Huang J, Shi W, Liu M. Salmonid alphavirus non-structural protein 2 is a key protein that activates the NF-κB signaling pathway to mediate inflammatory responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:182-190. [PMID: 36058437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) causes pancreas disease (PD) with typical inflammatory responses, such as necrosis of the exocrine pancreas, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy. However, the pathogenic mechanism underlying SAV infection is still unclear. Inflammation may cause damage to the body, but it is a defense response against infection by pathogenic microorganisms, of which nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is the main regulator. This study revealed that SAV can activate NF-κB, of which the viral nonstructural protein Nsp2 is the major activating protein. SAV activates the NF-κB signaling pathway by simultaneously up-regulating TLR3, 7, 8 and then the expression of the signaling molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). We found that Nsp2 can induce IκB degradation and p65 phosphorylation and transnucleation, and activate NF-κB downstream inflammatory cytokines. Nsp2 may simultaneously activate NF-κB through TLR3,7,8-dependent signaling pathways. Overexpression of Nsp2 can up-regulate mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and then promote the expression of IFNa1 and antiviral protein Mx, which inhibits viral replication. This study shows that Nsp2 acts as a key activator protein for the NF-κB signaling pathway, which induces inflammation post-SAV infection. This study systematically analyzes the molecular mechanism of SAV activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of innate immune response and inflammatory injury caused by SAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Beijing Aquaculture Technology Extention Station, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Gallucci G, Díaz A, Fernandez RDV, Bongiovanni B, Imhoff M, Massa E, Santucci N, Bértola D, Lioi S, Bay ML, Bottasso O, D'Attilio L. Differential expression of genes regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor pathway in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Life Sci 2022; 301:120614. [PMID: 35526591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies in TB patients showed an immuno-endocrine imbalance characterized by a disease-severity associated increase in plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids (GCs). To analyze the potential immunomodulatory effect of circulating GCs over peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TB patients, we investigated the expression of positively (anti-inflammatory-related genes ANXA1; FKBP51; GILZ, NFKBIA, and NFKBIB) and negatively (inflammatory genes: IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) Glucocorticoids Receptors (GR)-regulated genes. Plasma concentrations of cytokines and hormones, together with specific lymphoproliferation were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR, specific lymphoproliferation by 3H-thymidine incorporation, whereas plasma cytokines and hormones levels by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Transcripts of ANXA1, GILZ, NFKBIB, and NFKBIA appeared significantly increased in patients, whereas FKBP51, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB remained unchanged. Upon analyzing according to disease severity, mRNA levels for ANXA1 and NFKBIB were even higher in moderate and severe patients. GILZ was increased in moderate cases, with NFKBIA and IL-1 β being higher in severe ones, who also displayed increased GRβ transcripts. TB patients had reduced plasma DHEA concentrations together with increased pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10) cortisol and cortisol/DHEA ratio, more evident in progressive cases, in whom their PBMC also showed a decreased mycobacterial-driven proliferation. The cortisol/DHEA ratio and GRα expression were positively correlated with GR-regulated genes mainly in moderate patients. SIGNIFICANCE The increased expression of cortisol-regulated anti-inflammatory genes in TB patients-PBMC, predominantly in progressive disease, seems compatible with a relatively insufficient attempt to downregulate the accompanying inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gallucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matilde Imhoff
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Massa
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Bértola
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Lioi
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano D'Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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10
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Abdellatef AA, Zhou Y, Yamada A, Elmekkawy SA, Kohyama A, Yokoyama S, Meselhy MR, Matsuya Y, Sakurai H, Hayakawa Y. Synthetic E-guggulsterone derivative GSD-1 inhibits NF-κB signaling and suppresses the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111737. [PMID: 34020249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Guggulsterone (GS) [4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione], is the main active phytosterol constituent in guggul, the gum resin of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand./Commiphora mukul Engl. tree, and is known for its medicinal effects. In this study, we report that GSD-1, a structurally-related synthetic GS derivative, strongly inhibits NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α. GSD-1 prevented the nuclear translocation of p65 through the blockade of IκBα degradation and p65 phosphorylation, and further inhibited the activation of upstream kinases, including transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), IκB kinase (IKK) α, and IKKβ. Furthermore, GSD-1 inhibited the cell-intrinsic activation of NF-κB, and exerted its direct anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects in both murine and human breast cancer cell lines. This study demonstrated GSD-1 to be an attractive compound to target NF-κB activation that has potential for treating breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Abdellatef
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sahar A Elmekkawy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Aki Kohyama
- Department of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yuji Matsuya
- Department of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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11
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Adelaja A, Taylor B, Sheu KM, Liu Y, Luecke S, Hoffmann A. Six distinct NFκB signaling codons convey discrete information to distinguish stimuli and enable appropriate macrophage responses. Immunity 2021; 54:916-930.e7. [PMID: 33979588 PMCID: PMC8184127 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages initiate inflammatory responses via the transcription factor NFκB. The temporal pattern of NFκB activity determines which genes are expressed and thus, the type of response that ensues. Here, we examined how information about the stimulus is encoded in the dynamics of NFκB activity. We generated an mVenus-RelA reporter mouse line to enable high-throughput live-cell analysis of primary macrophages responding to host- and pathogen-derived stimuli. An information-theoretic workflow identified six dynamical features-termed signaling codons-that convey stimulus information to the nucleus. In particular, oscillatory trajectories were a hallmark of responses to cytokine but not pathogen-derived stimuli. Single-cell imaging and RNA sequencing of macrophages from a mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome revealed inappropriate responses to stimuli, suggestive of confusion of two NFκB signaling codons. Thus, the dynamics of NFκB signaling classify immune threats through six signaling codons, and signal confusion based on defective codon deployment may underlie the etiology of some inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewunmi Adelaja
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093
| | - Brooks Taylor
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093
| | - Katherine M Sheu
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093
| | - Stefanie Luecke
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093.
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12
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Liu Y, Trnka MJ, Guan S, Kwon D, Kim DH, Chen JJ, Greer PA, Burlingame AL, Correia MA. A Novel Mechanism for NF-κB-activation via IκB-aggregation: Implications for Hepatic Mallory-Denk-Body Induced Inflammation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1968-1986. [PMID: 32912968 PMCID: PMC7710137 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallory-Denk-bodies (MDBs) are hepatic protein aggregates associated with inflammation both clinically and in MDB-inducing models. Similar protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases also triggers inflammation and NF-κB activation. However, the precise mechanism that links protein aggregation to NF-κB-activation and inflammatory response remains unclear. Herein we find that treating primary hepatocytes with MDB-inducing agents (N-methylprotoporphyrin (NMPP), protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), or Zinc-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP)) elicited an IκBα-loss with consequent NF-κB activation. Four known mechanisms of IκBα-loss i.e. the canonical ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (UPD), autophagic-lysosomal degradation, calpain degradation and translational inhibition, were all probed and excluded. Immunofluorescence analyses of ZnPP-treated cells coupled with 8 M urea/CHAPS-extraction revealed that this IκBα-loss was due to its sequestration along with IκBβ into insoluble aggregates, thereby releasing NF-κB. Through affinity pulldown, proximity biotinylation by antibody recognition, and other proteomic analyses, we verified that NF-κB subunit p65, which stably interacts with IκBα under normal conditions, no longer binds to it upon ZnPP-treatment. Additionally, we identified 10 proteins that interact with IκBα under baseline conditions, aggregate upon ZnPP-treatment, and maintain the interaction with IκBα after ZnPP-treatment, either by cosequestering into insoluble aggregates or through a different mechanism. Of these 10 proteins, the nucleoporins Nup153 and Nup358/RanBP2 were identified through RNA-interference, as mediators of IκBα-nuclear import. The concurrent aggregation of IκBα, NUP153, and RanBP2 upon ZnPP-treatment, synergistically precluded the nuclear entry of IκBα and its consequent binding and termination of NF-κB activation. This novel mechanism may account for the protein aggregate-induced inflammation observed in liver diseases, thus identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Because of inherent commonalities this MDB cell model is a bona fide protoporphyric model, making these findings equally relevant to the liver inflammation associated with clinical protoporphyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael J Trnka
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shenheng Guan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - J-J Chen
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - A L Burlingame
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Almira Correia
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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13
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Jayawardena TU, Sanjeewa KKA, Nagahawatta DP, Lee HG, Lu YA, Vaas APJP, Abeytunga DTU, Nanayakkara CM, Lee DS, Jeon YJ. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Sargassum Swartzii in Macrophages via Blocking TLR/NF-Κb Signal Transduction. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E601. [PMID: 33260666 PMCID: PMC7760840 DOI: 10.3390/md18120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study involves enzymatic extraction of fucoidan from Sargassum swartzii and further purification via ion-exchange chromatography. The chemical and molecular characteristics of isolated fucoidan is evaluated concerning its anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 macrophages under LPS induced conditions. Structural properties of fucoidan were assessed via FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. NO production stimulated by LPS was significantly declined by fucoidan. This was witnessed to be achieved via fucoidan acting on mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 including pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), with dose dependent down-regulation. Further, the effect is exhibited by the suppression of TLR mediated MyD88, IKK complex, ultimately hindering NF-κB and MAPK activation, proposing its therapeutic applications in inflammation related disorders. The research findings provide an insight in relation to the sustainable utilization of fucoidan from marine brown algae S. swartzii as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in the nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (D.P.N.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.)
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (D.P.N.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.)
| | - D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (D.P.N.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.)
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (D.P.N.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.)
| | - Yu-An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (D.P.N.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.)
| | - A. P. J. P. Vaas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka; (A.P.J.P.V.); (D.T.U.A.)
| | - D. T. U. Abeytunga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka; (A.P.J.P.V.); (D.T.U.A.)
| | - C. M. Nanayakkara
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka;
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33362, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (D.P.N.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Korea
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14
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Proteoglycan from Bacillus sp. BS11 Inhibits the Inflammatory Response by Suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120585. [PMID: 33255264 PMCID: PMC7761495 DOI: 10.3390/md18120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of many debilitating diseases. Proteoglycan isolated from marine Bacillus sp. BS11 (EPS11) was shown to have anticancer activity, but its anti-inflammatory potential remains elusive. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of EPS11 were evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. Biochemical characterization showed that the total sugar content and protein content of EPS11 were 49.5% and 30.2% respectively. EPS11 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid. Its molecular weight was determined to be 3.06 × 105 Da. The protein determination of EPS11 was also performed. EPS11 displayed a strong anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro, which significantly suppressed inflammatory cytokines and mediators (such as NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and COX-2). Western blot analysis indicated that EPS11 could downregulate the expression of many key proteins in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In particular, EPS11 almost completely inhibited the expression of NF-κB P65, which indicated that EPS11 acted primarily on the NF-κB pathways. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of EPS11.
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liang Z, Dai K, Zhu M, Zhang M, Pan J, Xue R, Cao G, Tang J, Song X, Hu X, Gong C. Interleukin-17 suppresses grass carp reovirus infection in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells by activating NF-κB signaling. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 520:734969. [PMID: 32287459 PMCID: PMC7112052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The grass carp accounts for a large proportion of aquacultural production in China, but the hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection often causes huge economic losses to the industry. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an important cytokine that plays a critical role in the inflammatory and immune responses. Although IL-17 family members have been extensively studied in mammals, our knowledge of the activity of IL-17 proteins in teleosts in response to viral infection is still limited. In this study, the role of IL-17 in GCRV infection and its mechanism were investigated. The expression levels of IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, and IL-17AF3 in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells gradually increased from 6 h after infection with GCRV. The nuclear translocation of p65, which acts in the NF-κB signaling pathway, was also increased by GCRV infection. The overexpression of IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, or IL-17AF3 also promoted the nuclear translocation of p65 and the levels of phospho-IκBα in CIK cells, and reduced the expression of the viral structural protein VP7. An NF-κB signal inhibitor abolished the inhibition of GCRV infection by IL-17 proteins. These results suggested that the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by the overexpression of IL-17 proteins, resulting in the inhibition of viral infection. In conclusion, in this study, we demonstrated that IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, and IL-17AF3 acted as immune cytokines, exerting an antiviral effect by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mingtian Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuehong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Shoji S, Hanada K, Takahashi M, Watanabe K, Yonemochi M, Tomabechi Y, Shirouzu M. The NF-κB regulator IκBβ exhibits different molecular interactivity and phosphorylation status from IκBα in an IKK2-catalysed reaction. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1532-1549. [PMID: 32017069 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor, a central player in immune response regulation, is based on phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) by the Inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) that triggers IκBα degradation. Although inhibitor of kappaB beta (IκBβ) is structurally similar to IκBα, its precise characteristics remain undefined. Herein, we report that the molecular interactivity of IκBβ with the kinase-active region of IKK subunit 2 (IKK2), as well as its phosphorylation status, differs markedly from those of IκBα. A mass spectrometry analysis revealed that IκBβ phosphorylation sites are distributed in its C-terminal region, whereas IκBα phosphorylation sites are located in the N-terminal region. Furthermore, IKK2 phosphorylation sites in IκBβ are found in a region distinct from typical degradation signals, such as phosphodegron and proline/glutamic acid/serine/threonine-rich sequence (PEST) motifs. Mutation of the IκBβ phosphorylation sites enhances its resistance to homeostatic proteasomal degradation. These findings contribute a novel concept in NF-κB/IKK signalling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisako Shoji
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Hanada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuri Tomabechi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
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17
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Khan SZ, Gasperino S, Zeichner SL. Nuclear Transit and HIV LTR Binding of NF-κB Subunits Held by IκB Proteins: Implications for HIV-1 Activation. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121162. [PMID: 31888181 PMCID: PMC6949894 DOI: 10.3390/v11121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
No effective therapy to eliminate the HIV latently infected cell reservoir has been developed. One approach, “shock and kill”, employs agents that activate HIV, subsequently killing the activated infected cells and/or virus. Shock and kill requires agents that safely and effectively activate HIV. One class of activation agents works through classical NF-κB pathways, but global NF-κB activators are non-specific and toxic. There exist two major IκBs: IκBα, and IκBε, which hold activating NF-κB subunits in the cytoplasm, releasing them for nuclear transit upon cell stimulation. IκBα was considered the main IκB responsible for gene expression regulation, including HIV activation. IκBε is expressed in cells constituting much of the latent HIV reservoir, and IκBε knockout mice have a minimal phenotype, suggesting that IκBε could be a valuable target for HIV activation and reservoir depletion. We previously showed that targeting IκBε yields substantial increases in HIV expression. Here, we show that IκBε holds c-Rel and p65 activating NF-κB subunits in the cytoplasm, and that targeting IκBε with siRNA produces a strong increase in HIV expression associated with enhanced c-Rel and p65 transit to the nucleus and binding to the HIV LTR of the activating NF-κBs, demonstrating a mechanism through which targeting IκBε increases HIV expression. The findings suggest that it may be helpful to develop HIV activation approaches, acting specifically to target IκBε and its interactions with the NF-κBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Z. Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, and the Pendleton Pediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (S.Z.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Sofia Gasperino
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, and the Pendleton Pediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (S.Z.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Steven L. Zeichner
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, and the Pendleton Pediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (S.Z.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Fei X, He Y, Chen J, Man W, Chen C, Sun K, Ding B, Wang C, Xu R. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in apoptosis of brain tissue after induction of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:234. [PMID: 31771613 PMCID: PMC6880548 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and apoptosis caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are two important factors that affect patient prognosis and survival. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) triggers activation of the inflammatory pathway, causing synthesis and release of inflammatory factors. The inflammatory environment also causes neuronal apoptosis. However, no studies have reported the role of TLR4 in inflammation and apoptosis. Methods We performed survival curve analysis and behavioral scores on TLR4 knockout mice and wild-type mice after inducing ICH. We used TLR4 knockout mice and wild-type mice to make ICH models with type VII collagenase and explored the link between TLR4 in inflammation and apoptosis. We used Western blot to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, inflammatory factors, and their receptors at different time points after ICH induction. The effects of TLR4 on apoptosis were observed by TUNEL, Hoechst, and HE staining techniques. The association with TLR4 in inflammation and apoptosis was explored using IL-1β and TNF-α antagonists. Data conforming to a normal distribution are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Grade and quantitative data were compared with rank sum test and t test between two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results TLR4 knockout significantly increased the survival rate of ICH mice. The scores of TLR4 knockout mice were significantly lower than those of wild-type mice. We found that TLR4 knockout mice significantly inhibited apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory factors after the induction of ICH. The apoptosis of ICH-induced mice was significantly improved after injecting IL-1β and TNF-α antagonists. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of the antagonist in wild-type mice is more pronounced. A single injection of the antagonist failed to improve apoptosis in TLR4 knockout mice. Conclusions We conclude that TLR4-induced inflammation after ICH promotes neuronal apoptosis. IL-1β and TNF-α antagonists attenuate this apoptotic effect. Therefore, targeting TLR4 in patients with clinical ICH may attenuate inflammatory response, thereby attenuating apoptosis and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing, 10000, China.,Dapartment of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yeting He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Affiliated BaYi Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College in The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Man
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing, 10000, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing, 10000, China
| | - Boyun Ding
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing, 10000, China
| | - Chongwu Wang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing, 10000, China.
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China. .,Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing, 10000, China.
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19
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Hsueh YS, Chang HH, Shan YS, Sun HS, Fletcher JA, Li CF, Chen LT. Nuclear KIT induces a NFKBIB-RELA-KIT autoregulatory loop in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncogene 2019; 38:6550-6565. [PMID: 31363162 PMCID: PMC6756115 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are frequently driven by auto-activated, mutant KIT and have durable response to KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, acquired resistance is an increasing clinical issue in GIST patients receiving front-line imatinib therapy. Our previous studies showed the colocalization of KIT with DAPI-stained nuclei in GIST cells without knowing the role of nuclear KIT in GIST tumorigenesis. In this article, we first identified the binding of nuclear KIT to the promoter of NFKB inhibitor beta (NFKBIB) by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing and ChIP assays, which was accompanied with enhanced NFKBIB protein expression in GIST cells. Clinically, high NCCN risk GISTs had significantly higher mean expression levels of nuclear phospho-KIT and NFKBIB as compared with those of intermediate or low/very low-risk GISTs. Conversely, downregulation of NFKBIB by siRNA led to RELA nuclear translocation that could bind to the KIT promoter region and subsequently reduced KIT transcription/expression and the viability of GIST cells. These findings were further confirmed by either RELA overexpression or NFKB/RELA inducer, valproic acid, treatment to result in reduced KIT expression and relative cell viability of imatinib-resistant GIST cells. Combining valproic acid with imatinib showed significantly better growth inhibitory effects on imatinib-resistant GIST48 and GIST430 cells in vitro, and in the GIST430 animal xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate the existence of a nuclear KIT-driven NFKBIB-RELA-KIT autoregulatory loop in GIST tumorigenesis, which are potential targets for developing combination therapy to overcome imatinib-resistant of KIT-expressing GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Alfred Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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20
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Zhuo J, Wang X. Combination of targeting CD24 and inhibiting autophagy suppresses the proliferation and enhances the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:539-548. [PMID: 31180548 PMCID: PMC6579989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 can regulate angiogenesis, drug sensitivity and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether CD24 regulates autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the functional role of the altered expression of CD24 in the autophagy and apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 human CRC cells. The results revealed lower expression levels of CD24 in HCT116 cells but higher levels in HT29 cells. Inducing the overexpression or the knockdown of CD24 did not affect the viability or spontaneous apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 cells, respectively. Induction of the overexpression of CD24 significantly decreased the relative expression levels of Beclin‑1, autophagy‑related (Atg)3 and Atg5, and the numbers of microtubule‑associated protein‑1 light chain‑3 (LC3)‑positive puncta, but increased the expression of p62 in HCT116 cells. By contrast, CD24 silencing increased the expression of Beclin‑1, Atg3 and Atg5, and the numbers of LC3‑positive puncta, but decreased the expression of p62 in HT29 cells. Treatment with 3‑methyladenine, or the knockdown of Atg5 by specific small interfering RNA to attenuate autophagy significantly enhanced the viability of CD24‑overexpressing HCT116 cells, but reduced the viability of CD24‑silenced HT29 cells, relative to their controls. As a result, the attenuation of autophagy significantly decreased the frequency of apoptotic CD24‑overexpressing HCT116 cells, but increased the percentages of apoptotic CD24‑silenced HT29 cells. The overexpression of CD24 promoted the activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κBp65, whereas CD24 silencing attenuated its activation in CRC cells. Inhibition of the activation of NF‑κB enhanced the CD24 overexpression‑induced decrease in autophagy, but attenuated the CD24 silencing‑induced increase in autophagy in CRC cells. Therefore, CD24 inhibited the autophagy of CRC cells, and the combination of targeting CD24 and inhibiting autophagy promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells. Conceivably, these findings may aid in the design of novel therapies for the intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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21
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Wang L, Qiao X, Zhang S, Qin Y, Guo T, Hao Z, Sun L, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Tang L, Xu Y, Li Y. Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus nonstructural protein 2 contributes to inflammation via NF-κB activation. Virulence 2019; 9:1685-1698. [PMID: 30322331 PMCID: PMC7000202 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1536632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection causes acute enteritis in swine of all ages, and especially in suckling piglets. Small intestinal inflammation is considered a central event in the pathogenesis of TGEV infections, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor in the inflammatory response. However, it is unclear whether NF-κB is crucial for inducing inflammation during a TGEV infection. Our results show that NF-κB was activated in swine testicular (ST) cells and intestinal epithelial cell lines J2 (IPEC-J2) cells infected with TGEV, which is consistent with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment of TGEV-infected ST cells and IPEC-J2 cells with the NF-κB-specific inhibitor caused the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, but did not significantly affect TGEV replication. Individual TGEV protein screening results demonstrated that Nsp2 exhibited a high potential for activating NF-κB and enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Functional domain analyzes indicated that the first 120 amino acid residues of Nsp2 were essential for NF-κB activation. Taken together, these data suggested that NF-κB activation was a major contributor to TGEV infection-induced inflammation, and that Nsp2 was the key viral protein involved in the regulation of inflammation, with amino acids 1–120 playing a critical role in activating NF-κB. Abbreviations: TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious dose; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FBS: fetal bovine serum; IFA: Indirect immunofluorescence; IκB: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B; IL: interleukin; IPEC-J2: intestinal epithelial cell lines J2; IKK: IκB kinase; Luc: luciferase reporter gene; mAbs: monoclonal antibodies; MOI: multiple of infection; Nsp: nonstructural protein; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa ; ORFs: open reading frames; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; p65 p-p65: phosphorylated; RT-PCR: reverse transcription PC; SeV: Sendai virus; ST: swine testicular; TGEV: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; UV-TGEV: Ultraviolet light-inactivated TGEV; ZnF: zinc finger
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yue Qin
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Zhenye Hao
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Li Sun
- c College of Animal Science and Technology , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yanan Wang
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Lijie Tang
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yigang Xu
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yijing Li
- a Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,b Northeastern Science Inspection Station , China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
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22
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Zhou Q, Jiang X, Yan W, Dou X. Transgelin 2 overexpression inhibits cervical cancer cell invasion and migration. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4919-4926. [PMID: 30942422 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xuelu Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Dou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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23
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Jin J, Xu W, Wan B, Wang X, Zhou Z, Miao Y, Lv T, Song Y. Topotecan Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Acute Lung Injury Via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Surg Res 2019; 235:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Geng L, Hu W, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang Q. A heteropolysaccharide from Saccharina japonica with immunomodulatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:557-565. [PMID: 30241853 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A heteropolysaccharide (SHP) with a strong immunomodulatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells was prepared from Saccharina japonica. Chemical analysis demonstrated that SHP was primarily composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, fucose, galactose, xylose and rahmnose with a molar ratio of 1.00:0.85:0.84:0.58:0.30:0.37:0.15. ESI-MS showed that depolymerized SHP produced oligo-glucuronan, oligo-glucuronomannan, sulfated fuco-oligosaccharides and other hetero-oligosaccharides. The in vitro immunomodulatory results showed that SHP could increase NO production and up-regulate the expression of many immune effectors, including iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α, displaying an apparent immune enhancement activities. Western blot analysis proved that SHP activated the expression levels of many key components involved in NF-κB, MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. Our results together indicated that SHP has the potential to be developed as a novel immunomodulator for activating immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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25
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Varela-Martínez E, Abendaño N, Asín J, Sistiaga-Poveda M, Pérez MM, Reina R, de Andrés D, Luján L, Jugo BM. Molecular Signature of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant in Ovine PBMCs by Integrated mRNA and microRNA Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2406. [PMID: 30405610 PMCID: PMC6206264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few in vivo studies on the effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and its influence on the immune response to vaccination. In this study, lambs received a parallel subcutaneous treatment with either commercial vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide or an equivalent dose of this compound only with the aim of identifying the activated molecular signature. Blood samples were taken from each animal at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and PBMCs isolated. Total RNA and miRNA libraries were prepared and sequenced. After alignment to the Oar3.1 reference genome and differential expression with 3 programs, gene enrichment modeling was performed. For miRNAs, miRBase and RNAcentral databases were used for detection and characterization. Three expression comparisons were made: vaccinated animals at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, adjuvanted animals at the same times, and animals of both treatments at the end of the experiment. After exposure to both treatments, a total of 2,473; 2,980 and 429 differentially expressed genes were identified in vaccinated animals, adjuvanted animals and animals at the end of both treatments, respectively. In both adjuvant and vaccine treated animals the NF-κB signaling pathway was enriched. On the other hand, it can be observed a downregulation of cytokines and cytokine receptors in the adjuvanted group compared to the vaccinated group at the final time, suggesting a milder induction of the immune response when the adjuvant is alone. As for the miRNA analysis, 95 miRNAs were detected: 64 previously annotated in Ovis aries, 11 annotated in Bos taurus and 20 newly described. Interestingly, 6 miRNAs were differentially expressed in adjuvant treated animals, and 3 and 1 in the other two comparisons. Lastly, an integrated miRNA-mRNA expression profile was developed, in which a miRNA-mediated regulation of genes related to DNA damage stimulus was observed. In brief, it seems that aluminum-containing adjuvants are not simple delivery vehicles for antigens, but also induce endogenous danger signals that can stimulate the immune system. Whether this contributes to long-lasting immune activation or to the overstimulation of the immune system remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Varela-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maialen Sistiaga-Poveda
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta Maria Pérez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Navarra, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Navarra, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Begoña M Jugo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Su H, Li Z, Lazar L, Alhamoud Y, Song X, Li J, Wang Y, Fiati Kenston SS, Lqbal MZ, Wu A, Li Z, Hua Q, Ding M, Zhao J. In vitro evaluation of the toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of Janus Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 nanoparticles in human liver cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1078-1088. [PMID: 30098274 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that Janus Fe3 O4 -TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have potential applications as a multifunctional agent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. However, little work has been done on their biological effects. To evaluate the toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of Janus Fe3 O4 -TiO2 nanoparticles, an in vitro study using a human liver cell line HL-7702 cells was conducted. For comparison, the Janus Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs parent material TiO2 NPs was also evaluated. Results showed that both Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs decreased cell viability and ATP levels when applied in treatment, but increased malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mitochondria JC-1 staining assay showed that mitochondrial membrane permeability injury occurred in both NPs treated cells. Cell viability analysis showed that TiO2 NPs induced slightly higher cytotoxicity than Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs in HL7702 cells. Western blotting indicated that both TiO2 NPs and Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs could induce apoptosis, inflammation, and carcinogenesis related signal protein alterations. Comparatively, Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs induced higher signal protein expressions than TiO2 NPs under a high treatment dose. However, under a low dose (6.25 μg/cm2 ), neither NPs had any significant toxicity on HL7702 cells. In addition, our results suggest both Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs could induce oxidative stress and have a potential carcinogenetic effect in vitro. Further studies are needed to elaborate the detailed mechanisms of toxicity induced by a high dose of Fe3 O4 -TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Lissy Lazar
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasmin Alhamoud
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province & Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Lqbal
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province & Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province & Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hua
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ding
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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27
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Ramsey KM, Narang D, Komives EA. Prediction of the presence of a seventh ankyrin repeat in IκBε from homology modeling combined with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Protein Sci 2018; 27:1624-1635. [PMID: 30133030 PMCID: PMC6194264 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ankyrin repeat (AR) structure is a common protein-protein interaction motif and ankyrin repeat proteins comprise a vast family across a large array of different taxa. Natural AR proteins adopt a conserved fold comprised of several repeats with the N- and C-terminal repeats generally being of more divergent sequences. Obtaining experimental crystal structures for natural ankyrin repeat domains (ARD) can be difficult and often requires complexation with a binding partner. Homology modeling is an attractive method for creating a model of AR proteins due to the highly conserved fold; however, modeling the divergent N- and C-terminal "capping" repeats remains a challenge. We show here that amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), which reports on the presence of secondary structural elements and "foldedness," can aid in the refinement and selection of AR protein homology models when multiple templates are identified with variations between them localizing to these terminal repeats. We report a homology model for the AR protein IκBε from three different templates and use HDX-MS to establish the presence of a seventh AR at the C-terminus identified by only one of the three templates used for modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCalifornia92092‐0378
| | - Dominic Narang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCalifornia92092‐0378
| | - Elizabeth A. Komives
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCalifornia92092‐0378
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Humphries JE, Deneckere LE. Characterization of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in Biomphalaria glabrata and its potential regulation by NF-kappaB. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:118-129. [PMID: 29746981 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Kang W, Shang L, Wang T, Liu H, Ge S. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 downregulates LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production via blocking p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2018; 89:883-893. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
| | - Lingling Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Jinan China
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30
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Xia L, Tan S, Zhou Y, Lin J, Wang H, Oyang L, Tian Y, Liu L, Su M, Wang H, Cao D, Liao Q. Role of the NFκB-signaling pathway in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2063-2073. [PMID: 29695914 PMCID: PMC5905465 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a group of cells that malignantly grow and proliferate uncontrollably. At present, treatment modes for cancer mainly comprise surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, the curative effects of these treatments have been limited thus far by specific characteristics of tumors. Abnormal activation of signaling pathways is involved in tumor pathogenesis and plays critical roles in growth, progression, and relapse of cancers. Targeted therapies against effectors in oncogenic signaling have improved the outcomes of cancer patients. NFκB is an important signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis and treatment of cancers. Excessive activation of the NFκB-signaling pathway has been documented in various tumor tissues, and studies on this signaling pathway for targeted cancer therapy have become a hot topic. In this review, we update current understanding of the NFκB-signaling pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lee DK, Kim JH, Kim J, Choi S, Park M, Park W, Kim S, Lee KS, Kim T, Jung J, Choi YK, Ha KS, Won MH, Billiar TR, Kwon YG, Kim YM. REDD-1 aggravates endotoxin-induced inflammation via atypical NF-κB activation. FASEB J 2018; 32:4585-4599. [PMID: 29547704 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD-1), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is induced by various cell stressors, including LPS, a major player in the pathogenesis of endotoxemic shock. However, the pathologic role of REDD-1 in endotoxemia is largely unknown. We found that LPS increased REDD-1 expression, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, and inflammation and that these responses were suppressed by REDD-1 knockdown and in REDD-1+/- macrophages. REDD-1 overexpression stimulated NF-κB-dependent inflammation without additional LPS stimulation. REDD-1-induced NF-κB activation was independent of 2 classic IKK-dependent NF-κB pathways and the mTOR signaling pathway; however, REDD-1, particularly its C-terminal region (178-229), interacted with and sequestered IκBα, to elicit atypical NF-κB activation during the delayed and persistent phases of inflammation after stimulation. Moreover, REDD-1 knockdown mitigated vascular inflammation and permeability in endotoxemic mice, resulting in decreases in immune cell infiltration, systemic inflammation, caspase-3 activation, apoptosis, and consequent mortality. We further confirmed the inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of REDD-1 in endotoxemic REDD-1+/- mice. Our data support the likelihood that REDD-1 exacerbates endotoxemic inflammation via atypical NF-κB activation by sequestering IκBα.-Lee, D.-K., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J., Choi, S., Park, M., Park, W., Kim, S., Lee, K.-S., Kim, T., Jung, J., Choi, Y. K., Ha, K.-S., Won, M.-H., Billiar, T. R., Kwon, Y.-G., Kim, Y.-M. REDD-1 aggravates endotoxin-induced inflammation via atypical NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - MinSik Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Wonjin Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Taesam Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Lee K, Kwak JH, Pyo S. Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in macrophages through suppression of PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2018; 7:3073-82. [PMID: 27264984 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many tryptophan metabolites have immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA) is a tryptophan metabolite reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of this activity is unclear. The present study examined the immunomodulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of 3-HAA on macrophages. Pretreatment of 3-HAA (0.1-10 μg mL(-1)) for 2 h markedly inhibited NO and cytokine production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Moreover, translocation and activation of NF-κB by LPS in the nucleus were abrogated through the prevention of IκB degradation by 3-HAA treatment. 3-HAA significantly suppressed LPS-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, whereas MAPKs were not affected by 3-HAA treatment. Furthermore, the inhibition of mTOR by 3-HAA resulted in decreased production of inflammatory mediators and NF-κB activity. Similar results were also observed in primary peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, 3-HAA modulated macrophage polarization. Collectively, the results suggest that 3-HAA has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activation, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungran Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Gong Y, Yang Y, Wu Q, Gao G, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Huang C, Wu S. Activation of LXRα improves cardiac remodeling induced by pulmonary artery hypertension in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6169. [PMID: 28733583 PMCID: PMC5522383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors regulated by NF-κB play a significant role in PAH and myocardial hypertrophy. LXR activation may inhibit myocardial hypertrophy via suppressing inflammatory pathways; it is unknown whether LXR is also involved in PAH-induced myocardial hypertrophy or remodeling. To further explore the protective effect of LXR in PAH-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, a PAH model was developed, and T0901317, an agonist of LXR, was used to examine the effect of LXR activation. PAH rats demonstrated obvious cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in the right ventricle, but significant improvement of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling was observed in PAH rats treated with T0901317. Through RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA examination, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS were found to be significantly reduced in PAH rats treated with T0901317 compared to PAH rats treated with DMSO. Apoptosis was also significantly reduced in PAH rats treated with T0901317. Thus, LXR activation may inhibit PAH-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Khalafalla FG, Khan MW. Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Fighting Against Multiple Opponents. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417709287. [PMID: 28579826 PMCID: PMC5436837 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417709287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and one of the most lethal human cancers. Inflammation is a critical component in PDAC initiation and progression. Inflammation also contributes to the aggressiveness of PDAC indirectly via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), altogether leading to enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and poor survival rates. This review gives an overview of the key pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in PDAC pathogenesis and discusses the role of inflammation in induction of EMT and development of chemoresistance in patients with PDAC.
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Aggarwal N, Korenbaum E, Mahadeva R, Immenschuh S, Grau V, Dinarello CA, Welte T, Janciauskiene S. α-Linoleic acid enhances the capacity of α-1 antitrypsin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced IL-1β in human blood neutrophils. Mol Med 2016; 22:680-693. [PMID: 27452044 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT, SERPINA1), a major circulating inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase-3 (PR3), has been proposed to reduce the processing and release of IL-1β. Since the anti-inflammatory properties of A1AT are influenced by the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, we compared effects of fatty acid-free (A1AT-0) and α-linoleic acid bound (A1AT-LA) forms of A1AT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of IL-1β precursor and the release of IL-1β from human blood neutrophils. The presence of A1AT-LA or A1AT-0 significantly reduced LPS induced release of mature IL-1β. However, only A1AT-LA reduced both steady state mRNA levels of IL-1β and the secretion of mature IL-1β. In LPS-stimulated neutrophils, mRNA levels of TLR2/4, NFKBIA, P2RX7, NLRP3, and CASP1 decreased significantly in the presence of A1AT-LA but not A1AT-0. A1AT-0 and A1AT-LA did not inhibit the direct enzymatic activity of caspase-1, but we observed complexes of either form of A1AT with NE and PR3. Consistent with the effect on TLR and IL-1β gene expression, only A1AT-LA inhibited LPS-induced gene expression of NE and PR3. Increased gene expression of PPAR-γ was observed in A1AT-LA treated neutrophils without of LPS stimulation, and the selective PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662) prevented the reduction in IL-1β by A1AT-LA. We conclude from our data, that the ability of A1AT to reduce TLR and IL-1β gene expression depends on its association with LA. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of A1AT-LA are likely to be mediated by the activation of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Aggarwal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Korenbaum
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ravi Mahadeva
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Grau
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) regulates NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28056. [PMID: 27321128 PMCID: PMC4913246 DOI: 10.1038/srep28056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), includes infiltration/expansion of WAT macrophages, contributes pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. The inflammasome comprises an intracellular sensor (NLR), caspase-1 and the adaptor ASC. Inflammasome activation leads to maturation of caspase-1 and processing of IL1β, contributing to many metabolic disorders and directing adipocytes to a more insulin-resistant phenotype. Ablation of PDE3B in WAT prevents inflammasome activation by reducing expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, AIM2, TNFα, IL1β and proinflammatory genes. Following IP injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serum levels of IL1β and TNFα were reduced in PDE3B−/−mice compared to WT. Activation of signaling cascades, which mediate inflammasome responses, were modulated in PDE3B−/−mice WAT, including smad, NFAT, NFkB, and MAP kinases. Moreover, expression of chemokine CCL2, MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2, which play an important role in macrophage chemotaxis, were reduced in WAT of PDE3B−/−mice. In addition, atherosclerotic plaque formation was significantly reduced in the aorta of apoE−/−/PDE3B−/−and LDL-R−/−/PDE3B−/−mice compared to apoE−/−and LDL-R−/−mice, respectively. Obesity-induced changes in serum-cholesterol were blocked in PDE3B−/−mice. Collectively, these data establish a role for PDE3B in modulating inflammatory response, which may contribute to a reduced inflammatory state in adipose tissue.
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Wang P, Wang W, Shi Q, Zhao L, Mei F, Li C, Zuo T, He X. Paeoniflorin ameliorates acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pancreatitis‑induced acute renal injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1123-31. [PMID: 27279569 PMCID: PMC4940107 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute renal injury caused by acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is a common complication that is associated with a high rate of mortality. Paeoniflorin is the active ingredient of paeonia radix and exhibits a number of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic and immunomodulatory effects. The present study detected the potential treatment effects of paeoniflorin on acute renal injury induced by ANP in a rat model. The optimal dose of paeoniflorin for preventing acute renal injury induced by ANP was determined. Then, the possible protective mechanism of paeoniflorin was investigated. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Renal inflammation and apoptosis were measured by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The expression of nitric oxide in kidney tissues was also evaluated. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured by western blotting. The results shown that paeoniflorin may ameliorate acute renal injury following ANP in rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses and renal cell apoptosis. These effects may be associated with the p38MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fangchao Mei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Teng Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Niu C, Sheng Y, Zhu E, Ji L, Wang Z. Ferulic acid prevents liver injury induced by Diosbulbin B and its mechanism. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:386-391. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Niu
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Enyuan Zhu
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lili Ji
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Htwe SS, Harrington H, Knox A, Rose F, Aylott J, Haycock JW, Ghaemmaghami AM. Investigating NF-κB signaling in lung fibroblasts in 2D and 3D culture systems. Respir Res 2015; 16:144. [PMID: 26619903 PMCID: PMC4666055 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory respiratory diseases are amongst major global health challenges. Lung fibroblasts have been shown to play a key role in lung inflammatory responses. However, their exact role in initiation and maintenance of lung diseases has remained elusive partly due to the limited availability of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Therefore, developing new tools that enable investigating the molecular pathways (e.g. nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation) that underpin inflammatory responses in fibroblasts could be a valuable resource for scientists working in this area of research. RESULTS In order to investigate NF-κB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli in real-time, we first developed two detection systems based on nuclear localization of NF-κB by immunostaining and luciferase reporter assay system. Furthermore using electrospun porous scaffolds, with similar geometry to human lung extracellular matrix, we developed 3D cultures of lung fibroblasts allowing comparing NF-κB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli (i.e. TNF-α) in 2D and 3D. Our data clearly show that the magnitude of NF-κB activation in 2D cultures is substantially higher than 3D cultures. However, unlike 2D cultures, cells in the 3D model remained responsive to TNF-α at higher concentrations. The more subdued and wider dynamic range of NF-κB responses in 3D culture system was associated with a different expression pattern for TNF receptor I in 3D versus 2D cultures collectively reflecting a more in vivo like TNF receptor I expression and NF-κB activation pattern in the 3D system. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that lung fibroblasts are actively involved in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The 3D culture detection system provides a sensitive and biologically relevant tool for investigating different pro-inflammatory events involving lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Su Htwe
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Helen Harrington
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Alan Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Felicity Rose
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Jonathan Aylott
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Tyagi M, Weber J, Bukrinsky M, Simon GL. The effects of cocaine on HIV transcription. J Neurovirol 2015; 22:261-74. [PMID: 26572787 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Illicit drug users are a high-risk population for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A strong correlation exists between prohibited drug use and an increased rate of HIV transmission. Cocaine stands out as one of the most frequently abused illicit drugs, and its use is correlated with HIV infection and disease progression. The central nervous system (CNS) is a common target for both drugs of abuse and HIV, and cocaine intake further accelerates neuronal injury in HIV patients. Although the high incidence of HIV infection in illicit drug abusers is primarily due to high-risk activities such as needle sharing and unprotected sex, several studies have demonstrated that cocaine enhances the rate of HIV gene expression and replication by activating various signal transduction pathways and downstream transcription factors. In order to generate mature HIV genomic transcript, HIV gene expression has to pass through both the initiation and elongation phases of transcription, which requires discrete transcription factors. In this review, we will provide a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms that regulate HIV transcription and discuss how cocaine modulates those mechanisms to upregulate HIV transcription and eventually HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Tyagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Jaime Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Gary L Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
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Thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release is mediated by CK2, MSK1, and NF-κB pathways in human lung epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:135-43. [PMID: 26463037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Thrombin, a serine protease, is known to mediate central functions in thrombosis and hemostasis and also plays a critical role in lung inflammation via producing chemokine release including interleukin (IL)-8/CXCL8. Our previous studies showed that c-Src- and Rac-dependent nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways participate in thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release in human lung epithelial cells. In this study, we further investigated the role of casein kinase 2 (CK2)/mitogen stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1)-dependent p65 phosphorylation in thrombin-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8/CXCL8 release. Thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release was inhibited by CK2 inhibitors (apigenin and tetrabromobenzotriazole, TBB), small interfering RNA of CK2β (CK2β siRNA), and MSK1 siRNA. Treatment of cells with thrombin caused increases in CK2β phosphorylation at Ser209, which was inhibited by a protein kinase C α (PKCα) inhibitor (Ro-32-0432). Thrombin-induced MSK1 phosphorylation at Ser581 and Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 were inhibited by apigenin. Moreover, the thrombin-induced increase in IL-8/CXCL8 release was attenuated by p65 siRNA. Stimulation of cells with thrombin resulted in an increase in p65 phosphorylation at Ser276, which was inhibited by apigenin and MSK1 siRNA. Thrombin-induced κB-luciferase activity was also inhibited by apigenin and MSK1 siRNA. Taken together, these results show that thrombin activates the PKCα/CK2/MSK1 signaling pathways, which in turn initiates p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, and ultimately induces IL-8/CXCL8 release in human lung epithelial cells.
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Walther W, Kobelt D, Bauer L, Aumann J, Stein U. Chemosensitization by diverging modulation by short-term and long-term TNF-α action on ABCB1 expression and NF-κB signaling in colon cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2276-85. [PMID: 26463665 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause for cancer chemotherapy failure. Among the numerous strategies to overcome persistent action of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) permits downregulation of MDR-associated genes, including ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B 1 gene (ABCB1). A key regulator of ABCB1 expression is the transcription factor nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer (NF-κB)/p65. We analyzed diverging short- and long-term effects of TNF-α regarding modulation of NF-κB/p65 signaling and ABCB1 expression in colon cancer cells. Highly resistant ABCB1 overexpressing human HCT15 colorectal carcinoma cells were subjected to short- (30-120 min) or long-term (24-96 h) TNF-α treatment. TNF-α mediated modulation of ABCB1 expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The TNF-mediated chemosensitization was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay. The involvement of TNF receptors and of NF-κB/p65 signaling was analyzed by western blot analysis, ABCB1 promoter analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The study revealed, that long-term, but not short-term TNF-α treatment leads to TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) mediated downregulation of ABCB1 resulting in sensitization towards drug treatment. It dampens NF-κB/p65 activation and nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α (IκBα) resynthesis, associated with reduced nuclear accumulation of NF-κB/p65 and reduced binding to its consensus sequence in the ABCB1 promoter. The study reveals the diverging effects of short- or long-term TNF-α action and provides novel insights on downregulation of ABCB1 expression by TNF-mediated repression of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité, University Medicine Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Aumann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité, University Medicine Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité, University Medicine Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
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Xu F, Li J, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Yu Z. CgIκB3, the third novel inhibitor of NF-kappa B (IκB) protein, is involved in the immune defense of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:648-655. [PMID: 26260316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), the important regulator of NF-κB/Rel signaling pathway, plays the crucial role in immune response of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, a novel homologue of IκB was cloned from Crassostrea gigas, and designated as CgIκB3. The complete CgIκB3 cDNA was 1282 bp in length, including a 942 bp open reading frame (ORF), a 51 bp 5' UTR and a 289 bp 3' UTR. The ORF encodes a putative protein of 313 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 34.7 kDa. Sequence analysis reveals that CgIκB3 contains a conserved degradation motif but with only five ankyrin repeats. Neither a PEST domain nor a C-terminal casein kinase II phosphorylation site was identified through either alignment or bioinformatic prediction. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CgIκB3 shares common ancestor with CgIκB1 rather CgIκB2, and theoretically it may originate from one duplication event prior to divergence of CgIκB1 and CgIκB2. Tissue expression analyses demonstrated that CgIκB3 mRNA is the most abundant in gills and heart. The expression following PAMP infection showed that CgIκB3 was significantly up-regulated in a similar pattern when challenged with LPS, HKLM or HKVA, respectively. Moreover, similar to CgIκB1 and CgIκB2, CgIκB3 can also inhibit Rel dependent NF-κB activation in HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, these findings suggest that CgIκB3 can be as the functional inhibitor of NF-κB/Rel and involved in the host defense of C. gigas. The discovery of the third IκB emphasizes the complexity and importance of the regulation on NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Qiongzhou University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Mikami Y, Iwase T, Komiyama Y, Matsumoto N, Oki H, Komiyama K. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor inhibits expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:568-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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MaruYama T. The nuclear IκB family of proteins controls gene regulation and immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:836-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Activating transcription factor 3 represses inflammatory responses by binding to the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14470. [PMID: 26412238 PMCID: PMC4585983 DOI: 10.1038/srep14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is induced by inflammatory responses, cell death, cytokines, and oxidative stress conditions. ATF3 is a negative regulator in the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway. The principal molecule in this pathway is nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) that translocates into the nucleus to initiate the transcription of inflammatory mediators. However, scarce data are available regarding the interaction of ATF3 and p65, a part of the NF-κB dimer. Therefore, we studied the mechanism of regulation of p65 by ATF3 in RAW 264.7 cells. First, LPS-mediated NF-κB activation was confirmed, and then the direct interaction of ATF3 and p65 was observed through immunoprecipitation (IP). The presence of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was also detected in the complex. In ATF3 deficient cells, NF-κB activity was up-regulated and HDAC1 was not detected by IP. These observations suggest that p65 is attenuated by ATF3 such that ATF3 recruits HDAC1 to the ATF3/p65 complex and facilitates the deacetylation of p65. Likewise, inflammatory response genes were induced by translocated NF-κB in ATF3-deficient cells. Cumulatively, we uncovered a novel mechanism for the negative regulation of NF-κB by ATF3 via direct interaction with p65.
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47
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McKenna S, Gossling M, Bugarini A, Hill E, Anderson AL, Rancourt RC, Balasubramaniyan N, El Kasmi KC, Wright CJ. Endotoxemia Induces IκBβ/NF-κB-Dependent Endothelin-1 Expression in Hepatic Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3866-79. [PMID: 26342031 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum concentrations of the vasoactive protein endothelin-1 (ET-1) occur in the setting of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and contribute to distal organ hypoperfusion and pulmonary hypertension. Thus, understanding the cellular source and transcriptional regulation of systemic inflammatory stress-induced ET-1 expression may reveal therapeutic targets. Using a murine model of LPS-induced septic shock, we demonstrate that the hepatic macrophage is the primary source of elevated circulating ET-1, rather than the endothelium as previously proposed. Using pharmacologic inhibitors, ET-1 promoter luciferase assays, and by silencing and overexpressing NF-κB inhibitory protein IκB expression, we demonstrate that LPS-induced ET-1 expression occurs via an NF-κB-dependent pathway. Finally, the specific role of the cRel/p65 inhibitory protein IκBβ was evaluated. Although cytoplasmic IκBβ inhibits activity of cRel-containing NF-κB dimers, nuclear IκBβ stabilizes NF-κB/DNA binding and enhances gene expression. Using targeted pharmacologic therapies to specifically prevent IκBβ/NF-κB signaling, as well as mice genetically modified to overexpress IκBβ, we show that nuclear IκBβ is both necessary and sufficient to drive LPS-induced ET-1 expression. Together, these results mechanistically link the innate immune response mediated by IκBβ/NF-κB to ET-1 expression and potentially reveal therapeutic targets for patients with Gram-negative septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKenna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Megan Gossling
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alejandro Bugarini
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Aimee L Anderson
- Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Raymond C Rancourt
- Pediatric Airway Research Center, Section of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Natarajan Balasubramaniyan
- Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045;
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Phoon YP, Cheung AKL, Cheung FMF, Chan KF, Wong S, Wong BWY, Tung SY, Yau CC, Ng WT, Lung ML. IKBB tumor suppressive role in nasopharyngeal carcinomaviaNF-κB-mediated signalling. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:160-70. [PMID: 26227166 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Peng Phoon
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Florence Man Fung Cheung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology; HKU-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Fat Chan
- Department of Pathology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Shun Wong
- Department of Pathology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Bonnie Wing Yan Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Yuk Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Chun Chung Yau
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
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Hua K, Sheng X, Li TT, Wang LN, Zhang YH, Huang ZJ, Ji H. The edaravone and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivative 10b effectively attenuates cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:917-27. [PMID: 26073328 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Compound 10b is a hybrid molecule of edaravone and a ring-opening derivative of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of compound 10b on brain damage in rats after focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS SD rats were subjected to 2-h-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At the onset of reperfusion, the rats were orally treated with NBP (60 mg/kg), edaravone (3 mg/kg), NBP (60 mg/kg)+edaravone (3 mg/kg), or compound 10b (70, 140 mg/kg). The infarct volume, motor behavior deficits, brain water content, histopathological alterations, and activity of GSH, SOD, and MDA were analyzed 24 h after reperfusion. The levels of relevant proteins in the ipsilateral striatum were examined using immunoblotting. RESULTS Administration of compound 10b (70 or 140 mg/kg) significantly reduced the infarct volume and neurological deficits in MCAO rats. The neuroprotective effects of compound 10b were more pronounced compared to NBP, edaravone or NBP+edaravone. Furthermore, compound 10b significantly upregulated the protein levels of the cytoprotective molecules Bcl-2, HO-1, Nrf2, Trx, P-NF-κB p65, and IκB-α, while decreasing the expression of Bax, caspase 3, caspase 9, Txnip, NF-κB p65, and P-IκB-α. CONCLUSION Oral administration of compound 10b effectively attenuates rat cerebral ischemia injury.
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The second-generation mTOR kinase inhibitor INK128 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:756-65. [PMID: 24385238 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-talk between the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) pathways has been reported to regulate macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of INK128, a second-generation inhibitor of mTOR, on the inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our data showed that INK128 strikingly inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1 and AKTSer473 in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells. Although it increased the phosphorylation levels of inhibitor kappa-B (IκB) in LPS-stimulated cells, INK128 did not significantly change the levels of NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, LPS-induced expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was markedly suppressed by INK128 at both mRNA and protein levels. However, the expression of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α protein), but not its mRNA level, was suppressed by this reagent. Our results suggest that the mTOR inhibitor INK128 not only regulates the NF-κB signaling but also influences the inflammatory cytokine expression at both transcriptional and translational levels.
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