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Connell AM, Stormshak E, Dishion T, Fosco G, Van Ryzin M. The Family Check Up and Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Treatment Responders and Non-Responders. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 19:16-26. [PMID: 26267390 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-015-0586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Family Check Up (FCU) is a family-centered intervention for reducing children's problem behavior through improving parenting skills and family interactions. Although the FCU was designed to prevent conduct problems, we have also found the program to be effective in preventing escalating symptoms of depression in early adolescence. The current analyses examine heterogeneous patterns of response to treatment in an effort to identify factors associated with differential response to family intervention. We examined heterogeneity in trajectories of youth-reported depressive symptoms from grades 6 to 9, using a Latent Growth Mixture Modeling framework to identify patterns of treatment response and non-response. Three symptom trajectories were identified, including the following: (1) a large class exhibiting stable, low symptom levels, (2) a class exhibiting high and stable depressive symptoms, and (3) a class exhibiting low initial symptoms that increased over time. Significant intervention effects were identified only among the third class, as a preventive effect on depression from 7th to 9th grade for youth with low initial symptoms. No effect of intervention was observed in the other two classes. Comparisons of classes 2 and 3 suggested that class 3 members were more likely to be females with high baseline antisocial behavior, but lower initial levels of depression. The findings suggest the importance of exploring heterogeneity within a prevention design, as well as the importance of tailored approaches to the prevention of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory Fosco
- The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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2
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Chen JI, Hergert DC. New perspectives in mental health: addressing cognitive deficits in remitted depression. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017; 24:252-259. [PMID: 28177555 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J I Chen
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - D C Hergert
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Connell AM, Dishion TJ. Long-Term Effects of the Family Check-Up in Public Secondary School on Diagnosed Major Depressive Disorder in Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:570-581. [PMID: 27099202 PMCID: PMC6956562 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the public health importance of depression, the identification of prevention programs with long-term effects on reducing the rate of depression is of critical importance, as is the examination of factors that may moderate the magnitude of such prevention effects. This study examines the impact of the Family Check-Up, delivered in public secondary schools beginning in sixth grade, on the development of major depression in adulthood (aged 28-30). The multilevel intervention program included (a) a universal classroom-based intervention focused on problem solving and peer relationship skills, (b) the Family Check-Up (selected), a brief assessment-based intervention designed to motivate parents to improve aspects of family functioning when warranted, and (c) family management treatment (indicated), focused on improving parenting skills. Demographic (gender and ethnicity) and baseline risk factors (family conflict, academic problems, antisocial behavior, and peer deviance) were examined as possible moderators in logistic regression analyses. Intervention effects on depression were moderated by baseline family conflict and academic performance, with stronger intervention effects for youth with low grade point averages and from low-conflict families at baseline. Such findings extend the emerging literature on prevention programs with long-term effects on depression, and highlight directions for future research to enhance such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Dishion
- REACH Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
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Houck GM, Darnell S, Lussman S. A Support Group Intervention for At-Risk Female High School Students. J Sch Nurs 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/10598405020180041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
School nurses have an opportunity to engage in early intervention with high-risk adolescents. School-based support groups for depressed adolescents have been effective when aimed at providing skills training as well as emotional support. In this practice improvement project, 14 high-risk female adolescents from two high schools were identified on the basis of signs associated with depression. The students completed a questionnaire about risk and protective factors during the assessment and at the end of the intervention. Twelve students participated in a weekly support group designed to enhance coping skills and to provide emotional support. Assessment revealed that the students were at suicide risk. At the conclusion of the group intervention, there was a 55% decrease in suicidal ideation, a 27% decrease in perceived stress, and a 26% decrease in family distress. In addition, most of the students became engaged in formal treatment for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M. Houck
- Gail M. Houck, RN, PhD, PMHNP, is associate professor at the School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Susan Darnell
- Susan Darnell, RN, BSN, is a school nurse with the Department of School Health Services, Multnomah Education Service District, Portland, OR
| | - Sarah Lussman
- Sarah Lussman, RN, BSN, is a school nurse with the Department of School Health Services, Multnomah Education Service District, Portland, OR
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Flowers JV, Booraem CD. A Psychoeducational Group for Clients with Heterogeneous Problems. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1046496491222007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of 23 clients with heterogeneous psychological problems attending three 16-sessiont psychoeducational (structured) tlherapy groups was compared to 20 similar clients attending three experiential (less structured, conttrol) groups, employing the Autoinatic Thoughlts Questiotnnaire atnd a measure of overall pathology based on the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Additionally, the clients in the psychoeducational groups were assessed by a GoalAttainment Scaling procedure. The clients in the experienttial groups were considered to be a conservative cotntrol group rather than a comparison group because of the length of treatment. Additionzally, clienits in both types of group completed process evaluations selected by thle therapists of both cotnditions after every session. Results inidicated that the clients in the psychoeducational groups improved significantly more than the clients in the experiential grouips ont both measures and improved on the Goal Attainment Scaling measure when compared to goals not addressed in therapy. Each condition was significantly superior on the process measures chosen by the therapists of that condition; however, factor analysis of the process and outcome data indicated the relationshtip of process to outcome was not linear and was extremely complex.
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Dahlqvist HZ, Landstedt E, Gådin KG. What students do schools allocate to a cognitive-behavioural intervention? Characteristics of adolescent participants in Northern Sweden. Int J Circumpolar Health 2015; 74:29805. [PMID: 26538463 PMCID: PMC4633408 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v74.29805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are a vulnerable group when it comes to the risk of developing depression. Preventing the onset of depressive episodes in this group is therefore a major public health priority. In the last decades, school-based cognitive-behavioural interventions have been a common primary prevention approach. However, evidence on what girls actually are allocated to such interventions when no researchers are involved is scarce. OBJECTIVE To explore how a selective cognitive-behavioural program (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) developed to prevent depression in adolescents, was implemented in a naturalistic setting in schools in northern part of Sweden. The focus was on characteristics of participants allocated to the intervention. DESIGN Cross-sectional baseline data on depressive symptoms, school environment and socio-economic factors were collected in 2011 by means of questionnaires in schools in a municipality in the northern part of Sweden. Intervention participants were identified in a follow-up questionnaire in 2012. Students (n=288) included in the analyses were in the ages of 14-15. RESULTS Sixty-six girls and no boys were identified as intervention participants. They reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, lower personal relative affluence, more sexual harassment victimization and less peer support compared to female non-participants (n=222). Intervention participants were more likely to attend schools with a higher proportion of low parental education levels and a lower proportion of students graduating with a diploma. CONCLUSIONS The developers of the intervention originally intended the program to be universal or selective, but it was implemented as targeted in these schools. It is important for school administrations to adhere to program fidelity when it comes to what students it is aimed for. Implications for effectivenss trials of cognitive-behavioural interventions in the school setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelina Landstedt
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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Apil SRA, Spinhoven P, Haffmans PMJ, Hoencamp E. Two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of stepped care cognitive behavioral therapy to prevent recurrence of depression in an older population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:317-25. [PMID: 23881520 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the long-term effect of a stepped care cognitive behavioral therapy prevention program for depression in older people and the factors predicting or moderating outcome. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, 136 participants, aged 55 years or older, who had been treated for depression, received during 12 months a stepped care program (SCP) or care as usual (CAU) and were then followed up for a second year. Outcome was defined as the start of a new mental health treatment for depression in a specialized outpatient setting, as recorded in the patients' electronic medical records. RESULTS Of the 123 patients, 38 required new mental health treatment. Survival analysis showed that participants in SCP (n = 27) required new treatment significantly more than patients receiving CAU (n = 11). Negative life events in the last year were predictive for new treatment in CAU but not in SCP. CONCLUSIONS An SCP seems to lower the threshold for new specialized mental health treatment for depression, whereas new treatment in CAU patients occurs more often in reaction to recent life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R A Apil
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Oosterbaan DB, Verbraak MJPM, Terluin B, Hoogendoorn AW, Peyrot WJ, Muntingh A, van Balkom AJLM. Collaborative stepped care v. care as usual for common mental disorders: 8-month, cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 203:132-9. [PMID: 23787062 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.125211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thus far collaborative stepped care (CSC) studies have not incorporated self-help as a first step. AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of CSC in the treatment of common mental disorders. METHOD An 8-month cluster randomised controlled trial comparing CSC to care as usual (CAU) (Dutch Trial Register identifier NTR1224). The CSC consisted of a stepped care approach guided by a psychiatric nurse in primary care with the addition of antidepressants dependent on the severity of the disorder, followed by cognitive-behavioural therapy in mental healthcare. RESULTS Twenty general practitioners (GPs) and 8 psychiatric nurses were randomised to provide CSC or CAU. The GPs recruited 163 patients of whom 85% completed the post-test measurements. At 4-month mid-test CSC was superior to CAU: 74.7% (n = 68) v. 50.8% (n = 31) responders (P = 0.003). At 8-month post-test and 12-month follow-up no significant differences were found as the patients in the CAU group improved as well. CONCLUSIONS Treatment within a CSC model resulted in an earlier treatment response compared with CAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree B Oosterbaan
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Propersona Overwaal Centre for Anxiety Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Bauer M, Pfennig A, Severus E, Whybrow PC, Angst J, Möller HJ. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 1: update 2013 on the acute and continuation treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:334-85. [PMID: 23879318 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2013.804195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This 2013 update of the practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal has been to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. The guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. METHODS The 2013 update was conducted by a systematic update literature search and appraisal. All recommendations were approved by the Guidelines Task Force. RESULTS This first part of the guidelines (Part 1) covers disease definition, classification, epidemiology, and course of unipolar depressive disorders, as well as the management of the acute and continuation phase treatment. It is primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of adults. CONCLUSIONS To date, there is a variety of evidence-based antidepressant treatment options available. Nevertheless there is still a substantial proportion of patients not achieving full remission. In addition, somatic and psychiatric comorbidities and other special circumstances need to be more thoroughly investigated. Therefore, further high-quality informative randomized controlled trials are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Thompson CL, Campbell SB. Personal Intervention Preferences for Alleviating Mild Depression. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb02174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Haringsma R, Spinhoven P, Engels GI, Leeden R. Effects of sad mood on autobiographical memory in older adults with and without lifetime depression. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 49:343-57. [DOI: 10.1348/014466509x454840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bauer M, Bschor T, Pfennig A, Whybrow PC, Angst J, Versiani M, Möller HJ. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders in Primary Care. World J Biol Psychiatry 2007; 8:67-104. [PMID: 17455102 DOI: 10.1080/15622970701227829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
These practical guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders in primary care settings were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). They embody the results of a systematic review of all available clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders and offer practical recommendations for general practitioners encountering patients with these conditions. The guidelines cover disease definition, classification, epidemiology and course of unipolar depressive disorders, and the principles of management in the acute, continuation and maintenance phase. They deal primarily with biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Allart-van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. Prevention of depression in subclinically depressed adults: follow-up effects on the 'Coping with Depression' course. J Affect Disord 2007; 97:219-28. [PMID: 16860874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with subclinical depressive symptoms are at increased risk of depressive disorder, little is known on the prevention of depressive disorder in this population. This study evaluates the long-term preventive effects of an effective depression treatment, the Coping with Depression (CWD) course. This paper describes the effect of the CWD course on the incidence of depressive episodes and depressive symptoms, and explores whether the initial level of symptoms and gender has differential intervention effects. METHODS Participants (N=104) were adults with subclinical depressive symptoms, who were randomly assigned to either a preventive group course condition, the 'Coping with Depression' course, or to an assessment-and-advice-only control group condition. Follow-up results were measured 6 and 12 months after completion of the course. RESULTS The CWD course showed to be effective in preventing depressive symptomatology but there was no evidence that the course prevented depressive disorder. 25% of the control group and 27.3% of the course group developed a depressive disorder within a year. Initial depressive symptomatology moderated the outcomes: only participants with low initial symptomatology appeared to benefit in the long term from course participation. CONCLUSIONS The CWD course is effective as a treatment for subclinical depression. Preventive effects are restricted to participants with initially low depression levels. Therefore, this subgroup should be targeted in future depression-prevention practices and in future prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Allart-van Dam
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Personality Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Haringsma R, Engels GI, van der Leeden R, Spinhoven P. Predictors of response to the 'Coping with Depression' course for older adults. A field study. Aging Ment Health 2006; 10:424-34. [PMID: 16798635 DOI: 10.1080/13607860600637752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This field study explored the prognostic factors of the immediate and long-term effects of the Coping with Depression course for older adults (CWD). With the aim of both indicated as well as secondary prevention, the course is provided by the prevention departments of the community mental health care system in the Netherlands. A total of 317 course participants (age 55-85 years; 69% female) took part in this study; 41% had a major depressive disorder (MDD). A variety of demographic, clinical, psychosocial and treatment factors of possible relevance for indicated and secondary prevention were investigated. Random coefficient regression models and logistic regression models were used to examine their contribution to the immediate and maintenance effect. The course was beneficial for all participants, and the level of depression reached at the end of the course was maintained over the next 14-months. Current MDD, high levels of anxiety, less previous depressive episodes and more education predicted a larger benefit. However, the clinical significance of these predictors was too small to justify further triage. Further treatment should be considered for the participants with a post-treatment score >/=16. Group-membership was not a significant predictor of the variation in effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haringsma
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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Allart-van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Keijsers GPJ. A new instrument to assess participant motivation for involvement in preventive interventions. J Clin Psychol 2004; 60:555-65. [PMID: 15141392 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Nijmegen Motivation List for Prevention (NML-P) is a new instrument to assess the motivation of participants for involvement in preventive group interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore the underlying dimensions of the NML-P and the predictive potential of the instrument for those participating in a psychoeducational preventive group intervention for depression: the Coping with Depression course. Principal component analyses revealed four components: readiness to participate, social support, doubt, and burden. Preliminary prediction analyses showed doubt, support, and burden to be related to the outcome of the depression prevention intervention.
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Houck GM, Darnell S, Lussman S. A support group intervention for at-risk female high school students. J Sch Nurs 2002; 18:212-8. [PMID: 12201659 DOI: 10.1177/10598405020180041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
School nurses have an opportunity to engage in early intervention with high-risk adolescents. School-based support groups for depressed adolescents have been effective when aimed at providing skills training as well as emotional support. In this practice improvement project, 14 high-risk female adolescents from two high schools were identified on the basis of signs associated with depression. The students completed a questionnaire about risk and protective factors during the assessment and at the end of the intervention. Twelve students participated in a weekly support group designed to enhance coping skills and to provide emotional support. Assessment revealed that the students were at suicide risk. At the conclusion of the group intervention, there was a 55% decrease in suicidal ideation, a 27% decrease in perceived stress, and a 26% decrease in family distress. In addition, most of the students became engaged in formal treatment for the first time.
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Abstract
This article traces the origins of intrusive thoughts in depression, devoting special attention to how misguided attempts to gain mental control can ironically fuel unwanted thoughts. A review of the research highlights the ways in which cognitive biases, stress, and thought suppression can contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. The article concludes with a consideration of the implications for treatment.
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Bauer M, Whybrow PC, Angst J, Versiani M, Möller HJ. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders, Part 1: Acute and continuation treatment of major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2002; 3:5-43. [PMID: 12479086 DOI: 10.3109/15622970209150599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal for developing these guidelines was to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for depressive disorders, as well as from meta-analyses and reviews on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and was then categorized into four levels of evidence (A-D). This first part of the guidelines covers disease definition, classification, epidemiology and course of unipolar depressive disorders, as well as the management of the acute and continuation-phase treatment. These guidelines are primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of young adults and also, albeit to a lesser extent, children, adolescents and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Neuropsychiatric Institute & Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles (ULCA), 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2330, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Cheng C. Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression in Chinese Adolescents: A Prospective Study Examining the Buffering Model. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Badger TA, Mishel MH, Biocca LJ, Cardea JM. Depression assessment and management: evaluating a community-based mental health training program for nurses. Public Health Nurs 1991; 8:170-5. [PMID: 1946152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This mental health training program was designed to increase primary care nurses' knowledge and skills about depression. The program emphasized criteria for assessing depression, presented psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic content, discussed care coordination among several agencies and providers, and addressed referral resources. Cultural and developmental issues were highlighted. The 237 participants had significant knowledge gains after the program on comparison of pretest and posttest measures. Client record audit found significant increases in the assessment of and intervention with depression. The training program successfully increased primary care nurses' abilities to use knowledge about depression in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Badger
- University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson 85721
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Fine S, Forth A, Gilbert M, Haley G. Group therapy for adolescent depressive disorder: a comparison of social skills and therapeutic support. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30:79-85. [PMID: 2005068 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199101000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two forms of short-term group therapy for depressed adolescents are compared. Adolescents were assigned to either a social skills training or therapeutic support group. Treatment outcome was based on self-report and semistructured clinical interviews for depression, measures of self-concept, and cognitive distortions. After treatment, adolescents in the therapeutic support groups showed significantly greater reductions in clinical depression and significant increases in self-concept compared with those in the social skills training group. These group differences were no longer evident at 9-month follow-up, as adolescents in the therapeutic support groups maintained their improvement, and adolescents in the social skills training groups caught up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fine
- Division of Child Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Badger TA, Cardea JM, Biocca LJ, Mishel MH. Assessment and management of depression: an imperative for community-based practice. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1990; 4:235-41. [PMID: 2241243 DOI: 10.1016/0883-9417(90)90038-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this mental health training program was to increase primary care nurses' knowledge and skills about depression. The program emphasized criteria for assessing depression, presented psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic content, discussed care coordination among multiple agencies and providers, and addressed referral resources. Highlighted were cultural and developmental issues for Native Americans, Mexican-Americans, the elderly, and adolescents. The training program successfully increased primary care nurses' knowledge about depression and their abilities to use this knowledge in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Badger
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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