1
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An Interesting Conversion Route of Mononuclear Zinc Complex to Zinc Mixed Carboxylate Coordination Polymer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052011. [PMID: 36903256 PMCID: PMC10004649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex [Zn(bpy)(acr)2]·H2O (1) was converted in a DMF medium (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) into a coordination polymer [Zn(bpy)(acr)(HCOO)]n (1a) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and Hacr = acrylic acid), and the species was fully characterized through a single crystal X-ray diffraction. Additional data were obtained by IR and thermogravimetric analysis. Complex (1a) crystalized the coordination polymer in the space group Pca21 of an orthorhombic system. Structural characterization revealed that Zn(II) adopted a square pyramidal stereochemistry generated by bpy molecules, coordinated by chelate, acrylate, and formate ions as unidentate and bridged, respectively. The presence of both the formate and the acrylate with different coordination modes generated two bands in ranges that were characteristic for the carboxylate vibration modes. Thermal decomposition occurs in two complex steps: it first happens via a bpy release, which is followed by an overlapped process that is associated with acrylate and formate decomposition. The obtained complex is of present interest due to the presence of two different carboxylates in its composition and situation, which is rarely reported in the literature.
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2
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Huang J, Ding W, Zhu X, Li B, Zeng F, Wu K, Wu X, Wang F. Ligand Evolution in the Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Prodrugs. Front Chem 2022; 10:876410. [PMID: 35755267 PMCID: PMC9218644 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.876410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable Pt(IV) anticancer prodrugs with the structure of [PtIV(N1)(N2)(L1)(L2)(A1)(A2)], where N1 and N2 are non-leaving nitrogen donor ligands, L1 and L2 are leaving ligands, and A1 and A2 are axial ligands, have attracted increasing attention due to their promising photo-cytotoxicity even to cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. These photochemotherapeutic prodrugs have high dark-stability under physiological conditions, while they can be activated by visible light restrained at the disease areas, as a consequence showing higher spatial and temporal controllability and much more safety than conventional chemotherapy. The coordinated ligands to the Pt center have been proved to be pivotal in determining the function and activity of the photoactivatable Pt(IV) prodrugs. In this review, we will focus on the development of the coordinated ligands in such Pt(IV) prodrugs and discuss the effects of diverse ligands on their photochemistry and photoactivity as well as the future evolution directions of the ligands. We hope this review can help to facilitate the design and development of novel photoactivatable Pt(IV) anticancer prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weize Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingfan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Chen CKJ, Kappen P, Gibson D, Hambley TW. trans-Platinum(iv) pro-drugs that exhibit unusual resistance to reduction by endogenous reductants and blood serum but are rapidly activated inside cells: 1H NMR and XANES spectroscopy study. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:7722-7736. [PMID: 32469362 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent results have confirmed that protection of transplatin from reactions on the path to cancer cells substantially increases their activity, suggesting that such complexes have greater potential than previously thought. In this study we have investigated the use of the platinum(iv) oxidation state and the tetracarboxylate coordination sphere to determine whether these features could impart the same stability to trans-diammineplatinum complexes that they do to cis-diam(m)ineplatinum complexes. The cis complexes exhibit resistance to reduction by l-ascorbate and human blood serum, but are readily reduced inside cancer cells. Studies of reduction monitored by 1H NMR revealed that oxidation of trans-diammineplatinum(ii) complexes does not always result in significant stabilisation, but the complexes trans, trans, trans-[Pt(OAc)4(NH3)2] (OAc = acetate) and trans, trans, trans-[Pt(OPr)2(OAc)2(NH3)2] (OPr = propionate) exhibit second order half-lives of 33 h and 5.9 days respectively in the presence of a ten-fold excess of l-ascorbate. XANES spectroscopy studies of reduction in blood models showed that trans, trans, trans-[Pt(OAc)4(NH3)2] is stable in blood serum for at least 24 hours, but is reduced rapidly in whole blood and was observed to have a half-life of approximately 4 hours in DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Consequently, the tetracarboxylatoplatinum(iv) moiety has the properties required to enable the delivery of trans-diammine platinum complexes to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kappen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
In this manuscript we focus on Pt(iv) anticancer prodrugs. We explore the main working hypotheses for the design of effective Pt(iv) prodrugs and note the exceptions to the common assumptions that are prevalent in the field. Special attention was devoted to the emerging class of "dual action" Pt(iv) prodrugs, where bioactive ligands are conjugated to the axial positions of platinum in order to obtain orthogonal or complementary effects that will increase the efficacy of killing the cancer cells. We discuss the rationale behind the design of the "dual action" prodrugs and the results of the pharmacological studies obtained. Simultaneous release of two bioactive moieties inside the cancer cells often triggers several processes that together determine the fate of the cell. Pt(iv) complexes provide many opportunities for applying new concepts in targeting, synergistic cell killing and exploiting novel nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Tsipis AC, Karapetsas IN. 195 Pt NMR parameters as strong descriptors in one-parameter QSAR models for platinum-based antitumor compounds. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:662-669. [PMID: 28002879 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly predictive one-parameter quantitative structure-activity relationship models have been developed for platinum-based anticancer drugs using the 195 Pt NMR parameters as strong descriptors. The developed quantitative structure-activity relationship models were applied in diverse homogeneous sets of antiproliferative Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds. These observations form the basis for making predictions of cytotoxicity for a broad range of platinum-based antitumor compounds just from inspection of calculated or experimentally determined 195 Pt NMR parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Karapetsas
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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6
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Tsipis AC, Karapetsas IN. Prediction of 195 Pt NMR of photoactivable diazido- and azine-Pt(IV) anticancer agents by DFT computational protocols. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:145-153. [PMID: 27628024 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
195 Pt NMR chemical shifts for a series of large-sized photoactivable anticancer diazido-Pt(IV), homopiperizine-Pt(IV) and multifunctional azine-Pt(IV) complexes hardly to be probed experimentally and by sophisticated four-component and two-component relativistic calculations are predicted with high accuracy by density functional theory computational protocols. The calculated 195 Pt NMR chemical shifts constitute a crucial descriptor for making highly predictive one-parameter quantitative structure activity relationships models that help in designing photoactivable Pt(IV)-based antitumor agents with high cytotoxicity and selectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Karapetsas
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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7
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Nascimento AV, Singh A, Bousbaa H, Ferreira D, Sarmento B, Amiji MM. Combinatorial-Designed Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Chitosan Nanoparticles for Encapsulation and Delivery of Lipid-Modified Platinum Derivatives in Wild-Type and Resistant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4466-77. [PMID: 26523837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of efficient and versatile drug delivery platforms to overcome the physical and biological challenges in cancer therapeutics is an area of great interest, and novel materials are actively sought for such applications. Recent strides in polymer science have led to a combinatorial approach for generating a library of materials with different functional identities that can be "mixed and matched" to attain desired characteristics of a delivery vector. We have applied the combinatorial design to chitosan (CS), where the polymer backbone has been modified with polyethylene glycol, epidermal growth factor receptor-binding peptide, and lipid derivatives of varying chain length to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs. Cisplatin, cis-([PtCl2(NH3)2]), is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs broadly administered for cancer treatment. Cisplatin is a hydrophilic drug, and in order for it to be encapsulated in the developed nanosystems, it was modified with lipids of varying chain length. The library of four CS derivatives and six platinum derivatives was self-assembled in aqueous medium and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxic effects in platinum-sensitive and -resistant lung cancer cells. The results show that the lipid-modified platinate encapsulation into CS nanoparticles significantly improved cellular cytotoxicity of the drug. In this work, we have also reinforced the idea that CS is a multifaceted system that can be as successful in delivering small molecules as it has been as a nucleic acids carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vanessa Nascimento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , R. Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , R. Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , R. Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.,I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
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Target-selective delivery and activation of platinum-based anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:911-27. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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9
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Trudu F, Amato F, Vaňhara P, Pivetta T, Peña-Méndez E, Havel J. Coordination compounds in cancer: Past, present and perspectives. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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10
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Wexselblatt E, Raveendran R, Salameh S, Friedman-Ezra A, Yavin E, Gibson D. On the stability of Pt(IV) pro-drugs with haloacetato ligands in the axial positions. Chemistry 2014; 21:3108-14. [PMID: 25529335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of Pt(IV) pro-drugs as anticancer agents is predicated on the assumption that they will not undergo substitution reactions before entering the cancer cell. Attempts to improve the cytotoxic properties of Pt(IV) pro-drugs included the use of haloacetato axial ligands. Herein, we demonstrate that Pt(IV) complexes with trifluoroacetato (TFA) or dichloroacetato (DCA) ligands can be unstable under biologically relevant conditions and readily undergo hydrolysis, which results in the loss of the axial TFA or DCA ligands. The half-lives for Pt(IV) complexes with two TFA or DCA ligands at pH 7 and 37 °C range from 6 to 800 min, which is short relative to the duration of cytotoxicity experiments that last 24-96 h. However, complexes with two monochloroacetato (MCA) or acetato axial ligands are stable under biologically relevant conditions. The loss of the axial ligands depends primarily on the electron-withdrawing strength of the axial ligands, but also upon the nature of the equatorial ligands. We were unable to find obvious correlations between the structures of the Pt(IV) complexes and the rates of decay of the parent compounds. The X-ray crystal structures of the bis-DCA and bis-MCA Pt(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin did not reveal any significant structural differences that could explain the observed differences in stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120 (Israel)
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11
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Neumann W, Crews BC, Sárosi MB, Daniel CM, Ghebreselasie K, Scholz MS, Marnett LJ, Hey-Hawkins E. Conjugation of cisplatin analogues and cyclooxygenase inhibitors to overcome cisplatin resistance. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:183-92. [PMID: 25318459 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme involved in tumorigenesis and is associated with tumor cell resistance against platinum-based antitumor drugs. Cisplatin analogues were conjugated with COX inhibitors (indomethacin, ibuprofen) to study the synergistic effects that were previously observed in combination treatments. The conjugates ensure concerted transport of both drugs into cells, and subsequent intracellular cleavage enables a dual-action mode. Whereas the platinum(II) complexes showed cytotoxicities similar to those of cisplatin, the platinum(IV) conjugates revealed highly increased cytotoxic activities and were able to completely overcome cisplatin-related resistance. Although some of the complexes are potent COX inhibitors, the conjugates appear to execute their cytotoxic action via COX-independent mechanisms. Instead, the increased lipophilicity and kinetic inertness of the conjugates seem to facilitate cellular accumulation of the platinum drugs and thus improve the efficacy of the antitumor agents. These conjugates are important tools for the elucidation of the direct influence of COX inhibitors on platinum-based anticancer drugs in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Neumann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig (Germany)
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12
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Tsipis AC, Karapetsas IN. Accurate prediction of 195Pt NMR chemical shifts for a series of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) antitumor agents by a non-relativistic DFT computational protocol. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5409-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive benchmark DFT calculations reveal that the non-relativistic GIAO-PBE0/SARC-ZORA(Pt)∪6-31+G(d)(E) computational protocol predicts accurate 195Pt NMR chemical shifts for a wide range of square planar Pt(ii) and octahedral Pt(iv) anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C. Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ioannina
- , Greece
| | - Ioannis N. Karapetsas
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ioannina
- , Greece
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13
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Chen CKJ, Zhang JZ, Aitken JB, Hambley TW. Influence of Equatorial and Axial Carboxylato Ligands on the Kinetic Inertness of Platinum(IV) Complexes in the Presence of Ascorbate and Cysteine and within DLD-1 Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8757-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401218n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K. J. Chen
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny Z. Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Trevor W. Hambley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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14
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Wexselblatt E, Yavin E, Gibson D. Platinum(IV) prodrugs with haloacetato ligands in the axial positions can undergo hydrolysis under biologically relevant conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6059-62. [PMID: 23686723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Losing ligands rapidly: Pt(IV) complexes with haloacetato ligands can hydrolyze rapidly under biological conditions (pH 7 and 37 °C, see scheme) and the rate increases with increasing pH value. Possible mechanisms for this hydrolysis are examined using H2(18)O and ESI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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15
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Wexselblatt E, Yavin E, Gibson D. Platinum(IV) Prodrugs with Haloacetato Ligands in the Axial Positions can Undergo Hydrolysis under Biologically Relevant Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Guo SX, Mason DN, Turland SA, Lawrenz ET, Kelly LC, Fallon GD, Gatehouse BM, Bond AM, Deacon GB, Battle AR, Hambley TW, Rainone S, Webster LK, Cullinane C. Systematic differences in electrochemical reduction of the structurally characterized anti-cancer platinum(IV) complexes [Pt{((p-HC6F4)NCH2)2}-(pyridine)2Cl2], [Pt{((p-HC6F4)NCH2)2}(pyridine)2(OH)2], and [Pt{((p-HC6F4)NCH2)2}(pyridine)2(OH)Cl]. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 115:226-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Graf N, Lippard SJ. Redox activation of metal-based prodrugs as a strategy for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:993-1004. [PMID: 22289471 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of metal-based anticancer drugs and drug candidates. In particular, we focus on metal complexes that can be activated in the reducing environment of cancer cells, thus serving as prodrugs. There are many reports of Pt and Ru complexes as redox-activatable drug candidates, but other d-block elements with variable oxidation states have a similar potential to serve as prodrugs in this manner. In this context are compounds based on Fe, Co, or Cu chemistry, which are also covered. A trend in the field of medicinal inorganic chemistry has been toward molecularly targeted, metal-based drugs obtained by functionalizing complexes with biologically active ligands. Another recent activity is the use of nanomaterials for drug delivery, exploiting passive targeting of tumors with nano-sized constructs made from Au, Fe, carbon, or organic polymers. Although complexes of all of the above mentioned metals will be described, this review focuses primarily on Pt compounds, including constructs containing nanomaterials.
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18
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Cubo L, Hambley TW, Sanz Miguel PJ, Carnero A, Navarro-Ranninger C, Quiroga AG. The preparation and characterization of trans-platinum(iv) complexes with unusually high cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:344-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Hall MD, Mellor HR, Callaghan R, Hambley TW. Basis for design and development of platinum(IV) anticancer complexes. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3403-11. [PMID: 17602547 DOI: 10.1021/jm070280u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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20
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Reithofer M, Galanski M, Roller A, Keppler BK. An Entry to Novel Platinum Complexes: Carboxylation of Dihydroxoplatinum(IV) Complexes with Succinic Anhydride and Subsequent Derivatization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Ang WH, Pilet S, Scopelliti R, Bussy F, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Dyson PJ. Synthesis and characterization of platinum(IV) anticancer drugs with functionalized aromatic carboxylate ligands: influence of the ligands on drug efficacies and uptake. J Med Chem 2006; 48:8060-9. [PMID: 16335930 DOI: 10.1021/jm0506468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of trans-platinum(IV) complexes with functionalized aromatic carboxylate ligands, cis,cis,trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2(CO2C6H4R)2 (R = H (3), p-vinyl (4), p-methoxy (5), p-iodo (6), p-cyano (7), or o-carboxyl (8)) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Crystal structures of 3, 4, 7, and 8 were obtained, which revealed that their structural conformations were influenced by intramolecular H-bonding interactions. The complexes were evaluated for cellular uptake and inhibition of cell proliferation against a panel of lung, colon, and breast carcinoma cell lines. The functionalization of the aromatic carboxylate ligand was found to have a profound influence on the uptake, and hence, efficacy, of this class of complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Han Ang
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Gaballa AS. On the reactivity of platinum(IV) complexes: Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of platinum(IV) complexes with hypoxanthine. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Hall MD, Amjadi S, Zhang M, Beale PJ, Hambley TW. The mechanism of action of platinum(IV) complexes in ovarian cancer cell lines. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:1614-24. [PMID: 15458824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 05/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The reduction potentials, lipophilicities, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity have been examined for two series of platinum(IV) complexes that yield common platinum(II) complexes on reduction: cis-[PtCl(4)(NH(3))(2)], cis,trans,cis-[PtCl(2)(OAc)(2)(NH(3))(2)], cis,trans,cis-[PtCl(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(2)], [PtCl(4)(en)], cis,trans-[PtCl(2)(OAc)(2)(en)] and cis,trans-[PtCl(2)(OH)(2)(en)] (en=ethane-1,2-diamine, OAc=acetate). As previously reported, the reduction occurs most readily when the axial ligand is chloride and least readily when it is hydroxide. The en series of complexes are marginally more lipophilic than their ammine analogues. The presence of axial chloride or acetate ligands results in a slighter higher lipophilicity compared with the platinum(II) analogue whereas hydroxide ligands lead to a substantially lower lipophilicity. The cellular uptake is similar for the platinum(II) species and their analogous tetrachloro complexes, but is substantially lower for the acetato and hydroxo complexes, resulting in a correlation with the reduction potential. The activities are also correlated with the reduction potentials with the tetrachloro complexes being the most active of the platinum(IV) series and the hydroxo being the least active. These results are interpreted in terms of reduction, followed by aquation reducing the amount of efflux from the cells resulting in an increase in net uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Barnes KR, Kutikov A, Lippard SJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of a Series of Estrogen-Tethered Platinum(IV) Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:557-64. [PMID: 15123250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 01/25/2004] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several estrogen-tethered platinum(IV) complexes were prepared and characterized by ESI-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Their design was inspired by the observation that estrogen receptor-positive cells exposed to the hormone are sensitized to cisplatin. Intracellular reduction of bis-estrogen-cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(IV), BEP(n) (where n = 1-5 methylene groups between Pt and estrogen), occurs to afford cisplatin and two equivalents of the linker-modified estrogen. The ability of BEP(n) to induce overexpression of HMGB1 was established by immunofluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in ER(+) MCF-7 and ER(-) HCC-1937 human breast cancer cell lines. BEP3 selectively induces overexpression of HMGB1 in MCF-7 cells, compared to HCC-1937 cells, and enhances their sensitivity (IC(50) = 2.1 +/- 0.4 microM versus 3.7 +/- 0.9 microM, respectively) to the compound. The difference in compound activities and the potential of compounds of this class for treating breast and ovarian cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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Weaver EL, Bose RN. Platinum(II) catalysis and radical intervention in reductions of platinum(IV) antitumor drugs by ascorbic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 95:231-9. [PMID: 12818793 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reductions of four platinum(IV) amine complexes, cis-diamminetetrachloroplatinum(IV), tetraammine-cis-dichloroplatinum(IV), cis,cis,trans-diamminedichlorodihydroxoplatinum(IV), and cis,trans,cis-dichloro-dihydroxo-bis(isopropylamine)platinum(IV) by ascorbic acid were catalyzed by platinum(II) at pH 7.3 and 22 degrees C. Except for the first mentioned compound, initial slow uncatalyzed reductions yielded platinum(II) products which served as catalyst as revealed by the presence of induction periods and their disappearance by the addition of the platinum(II) products. The platinum(II) catalysis generated ascorbate bound platinum(IV) intermediates. An internal electron transfer process within these intermediates led to the formation of platinum(II) complexes. Although the rate constants for the uncatalyzed reductions vary greatly depending on the nature of the ligands and their spatial arrangements, the magnitudes of the platinum(II) catalyzed rate constants fall in the narrow range, 100 to 300 M(-2) s(-1). The values of the uncatalyzed reductions lie in the range 5 x 10(-2) to 15 M(-1) s(-1), the tetrachloroplatinum(IV) complex suffered the faster reduction. The reduction of iproplatin with two hydroxide ligands in trans configuration was the slowest. The internal electron transfer rate constants span two orders of magnitude, from 0.15 to 4 x 10(-3) s(-1). These reactions were accompanied by the formation of the ascorbate radical which persists throughout the entire reaction. Although the tetrachloro species exhibited simple second order reduction, first order in each of the reactants, the rate of reduction was also accelerated by the addition of cis-diamminedichoroplatinum(II) indicating the presence of catalysis in this reaction as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne L Weaver
- Department of Chemistry and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, PO Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Arendse MJ, Anderson GK, Majola RN, Rath NP. Synthesis and reactions of platinum(IV) complexes with sodium ascorbate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lemma K, House DA, Retta N, Elding LI. Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of halo- and haloam(m)ine platinum(IV) complexes by l-ascorbate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dolman RC, Deacon GB, Hambley TW. Studies of the binding of a series of platinum(IV) complexes to plasma proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 88:260-7. [PMID: 11897339 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The platinum(IV) complexes: [PtCl(4)(en)], cis,trans-[PtCl(2)(OAc)(2)(en)], cis,trans-[PtCl(2)(OH)(2)(en)] and trans-[Pt(OH)(2)(ethmal)(en)], encompassing a range of reduction potentials and their platinum(II) analogue [PtCl(2)(en)], have been assayed for their protein binding ability in the presence of albumin, albumin and L-cysteine and RPMI 1640 tissue culture medium supplemented with foetal calf serum (RPMI/FCS). cis,trans-[PtCl(4)(en)] exhibited significant protein binding in all three experiments, in a similar fashion to the platinum(II) complex, presumably as a consequence of its rapid reduction. The remaining three platinum(IV) complexes displayed little if any protein binding, with the greatest amount of binding observed in the RPMI/FCS experiment. The extent of binding in the RPMI/FCS correlated with the reduction potentials of the complexes, with the most readily reduced species binding to the greatest extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C Dolman
- Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Battle AR, Platts JA, Hambley TW, Deacon GB. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and theoretical studies of platinum(ii) phosphate complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b111460n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Küng A, Strickmann DB, Galanski M, Keppler BK. Comparison of the binding behavior of oxaliplatin, cisplatin and analogues to 5'-GMP in the presence of sulfur-containing molecules by means of capillary electrophoresis and electrospray mass spectrometry. J Inorg Biochem 2001; 86:691-8. [PMID: 11583787 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis as well as ESI-MS has been applied for investigating the influence of the sulfur-containing amino acids L-cysteine and L-methionine on the binding behavior of oxaliplatin (trans-R,R-diaminocyclohexane(oxalato)platinum(II)), cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)), carboplatin (cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylatoplatinum(II)), cis-diammine(malonato)platinum(II) and cis-diammine(2-hydroxymalonato)platinum(II) to 5'-GMP. The presence of L-methionine resulted in a different kind of adduct formation which involves ammine release due to the trans-effect of sulfur. In addition, the time-dependent behavior of the reaction with 5'-GMP changed significantly. Due to the high stability of the diaminocyclohexane (DACH) platinum fragment, oxaliplatin showed a completely different behavior in comparison to diammine platinum complexes. Formation of [Pt(DACH)(L-Met-S,N)](+) inhibits coordination of 5'-GMP. Displacement of L-Met by 5'-GMP does not occur. Differences concerning the mode of action of oxaliplatin are expected. Characterization of the analytes was performed by UV, NMR and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Küng
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Küng A, Zenker A, Galanski M, Keppler BK. Capillary electrophoretic study of carboplatin and analogues with nucleoside monophosphates, di- and trinucleotides. J Inorg Biochem 2001; 83:181-6. [PMID: 11237257 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carboplatin (cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane-dicarboxylatoplatinum(II)) is the only cisplatin (cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum(II)) derivative currently available for the treatment of cancer worldwide. The higher stability of the carboxylate ligand compared to the coordinated chloride in cisplatin results in a reduced reactivity of the molecule. Capillary electrophoresis has been applied for investigating the adduct formation of carboplatin and analogues with nucleoside monophosphates, di- and trinucleotides. Adduct formation results in a significant shift of the absorption maximum to lower energy compared to free nucleotides. Therefore, characterization of the analytes was performed by UV additionally to NMR spectroscopy. A preference for GMP- and AMP-coordination was found. The ability of separating all four common nucleotides and their major platinum adducts in a single run demonstrates the suitability of CE for this kind of investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Küng
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
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Is reduction required for antitumour activity of platinum(IV) compounds? Characterisation of a platinum(IV)–nucleotide adduct [enPt(OCOCH3)3(5′-GMP)] by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Criado JJ, Domínguez MF, Medarde M, Fernández ER, Macías RI, Marín JJ. Structural characterization, kinetic studies, and in vitro biological activity of new cis-diamminebis-cholylglycinate(O,O') Pt(II) and cis-diamminebis-ursodeoxycholate(O,O') Pt(II) complexes. Bioconjug Chem 2000; 11:167-74. [PMID: 10725093 DOI: 10.1021/bc9901088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complexes cis-diamminebis-cholylglycinate (O,O') [Pt(II) C(52)H(90)N(4)O(12)Pt, for convenience referred to as Bamet-R1] and cis-diamminebis-ursodeoxycholate (O,O') Pt(II) (C(48)H(84)N(2)O(8)Pt, Bamet-UD2) were prepared. The structural integrity of the compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, FAB-MS, and UV spectroscopies. The kinetic study of both compounds was accomplished by combining the conductivity measurement and those of the analysis of the electronic spectra in aqueous solution for NaCl concentrations of 4 mM (similar to cytoplasmatic concentration), 150 mM (similar to plasmatic concentration), and 500 mM. In water, the compound Bamet-R1 showed a half-life, t(1/2), of 3.0 h. This compound forms the chelate species through loss of a ligand, and the other one acts as a bidentate ligand. Ring opening in the presence of chloride ion was produced with a k(Cl)()-of 0.25 M(-)(1) h(-)(1). The half-life of Bamet-UD2 in aqueous solution was 3.2 h. However, since this species is not able to chelate and has a lower degree of solubility in the presence of chloride ion, its kinetic behavior was very different from that of the other compound. We consider this to be of great interest with regards to its cytostatic activity. All kinetic measurements were performed under pseudo-first-order conditions, and a pseudo-first-order behavior was found. The antitumoral effect of Bamet-UD2 on several cell lines derived from rat hepatoma, human hepatoma, mouse leukemia, and human colon carcinoma was found to be, in general, similar to that of cisplatin, but higher than that observed for Bamet-R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Criado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007-Salamanca, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wong
- AnorMed Incorporated, 200-20353 64(th) Avenue, Langley, British Columbia, Canada V2Y 1N5
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Choi S, Mahalingaiah S, Delaney S, Neale NR, Masood S. Substitution and Reduction of Platinum(IV) Complexes by a Nucleotide, Guanosine 5'-Monophosphate. Inorg Chem 1999; 38:1800-1805. [PMID: 11670950 DOI: 10.1021/ic9809815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of Pt(IV) anticancer complexes with different reduction potentials has been investigated for their reactivity toward 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP). The Pt(IV) complexes studied were Pt(IV)(trans-d,l)(1,2-(NH(2))(2)C(6)H(10))Cl(4) (tetraplatin, Pt(IV)(dach)Cl(4); dach = diaminocyclohexane), cis,trans,cis-[Pt(IV)((CH(3))(2)CHNH(2))(2)(OH)(2)Cl(2)] (iproplatin, Pt(IV)(ipa)(2)(OH)(2)Cl(2); ipa = isopropylamine), cis,trans,cis-[Pt(IV)(en)(OH)(2)Cl(2)] (Pt(IV)(en)(OH)(2)Cl(2); en = ethylenediamine), Pt(IV)(en)Cl(4), and cis,trans,cis-[Pt(IV)(en)(OCOCH(3))(2)Cl(2)] (Pt(IV)(en)(OCOCH(3))(2)Cl(2)). The reactivity was monitored by the decreased (1)H NMR peak intensity at 8.2 ppm due to H8 of free 5'-GMP and the increased intensity of a new peak around 8.6 ppm due to H8 of 5'-GMP bound to Pt(II). The reactivity followed the order of cathodic reduction potentials of the Pt(IV) complexes: Pt(IV)(dach)Cl(4) (-90 mV) >> Pt(IV)(en)Cl(4) (-160 mV) > Pt(IV)(en)(OCOCH(3))(2)Cl(2) (-546 mV) > Pt(IV)(ipa)(2)(OH)(2)Cl(2) (-730 mV). The most reactive complex, Pt(IV)(dach)Cl(4), showed an additional weak peak at 9.2 ppm due to H8 of the 5'-GMP bound to the Pt(IV) complex, indicating the existence of a Pt(IV) intermediate. (1)H NMR, UV/visible absorption spectra, and high-performance liquid chromatograms suggest that the final product is Pt(II)(dach)(5'-GMP)(ox5'-GMP), where ox5'-GMP is oxidized 5'-GMP. A plausible mechanism is that there is an initial substitution of one Pt(IV)/ligand by a 5'-GMP molecule, followed by a two-electron reduction, and finally a second substitution by another 5'-GMP. In the presence of excess 5'-GMP (at least 20-fold), ox5'-GMP seems to be replaced by 5'-GMP to form Pt(II)(dach)(5'-GMP)(2). UV/visible absorption spectroscopy shows that the formation of the Pt(IV) intermediate by substitution is a very slow process followed by reduction. The reduction is characterized by a relatively fast exponential decay. The addition of a small amount of cis-[Pt(II)(NH(3))(2)Cl(2)] shortened the slow formation time of the intermediate, implicating the occurrence of a Pt(II)-assisted substitution reaction. These reactions may lead to a better understanding of the anticancer activity of Pt(IV) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
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Shamsuddin S, Santillan CC, Stark JL, Whitmire KH, Siddik ZH, Khokhar AR. Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity of new platinum(IV) trans-carboxylate complexes: crystal structure of [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)trans-(acetate)2Cl2]. J Inorg Biochem 1998; 71:29-35. [PMID: 9755489 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(98)10029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel platinum(IV) cisplatin analogues of the type [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)trans-(L)2Cl2] (where cis-1,4-DACH = cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane and L = acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, hexanoate, heptanoate, octanoate, nonanoate, or decanoate) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 13C-NMR, and 195Pt-NMR spectroscopy. The structure of [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)trans-(acetate)2Cl2] (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystals were monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (no. 14) with a = 10.193(2), b = 10.687(2), c = 14.265(3) A, beta = 99.67(3) degrees, Z = 4. The total reflections collected were 2556. The structure refinement converged to R1 = 0.0539 and wR2 = 0.1531. In this complex, platinum has distorted octahedral geometry, and cis-1,4-DACH is in a unique twist-boat configuration. cis-1,4-DACH forms a seven-member chelating ring with platinum, leading to considerable strain in bidentate DACH binding. The strain is evidenced by a large 126.5(9) degrees C-N-Pt angle. The N-Pt-N angle is expanded to 97.4(5) degrees owing to geometric constraints of the cis-1,4-DACH geometry. Three lower homologs of the cis-1,4-DACH-Pt(IV) series were tested in the murine L1210/0 leukemia model for antitumor activity. The results indicate that activity decreases in ascending the homologous series, and that the activity of two of the complexes is substantially better than that of cisplatin with respect to increase in life span and cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shamsuddin
- Department of Clinical Investigation, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Choi S, Filotto C, Bisanzo M, Delaney S, Lagasee D, Whitworth JL, Jusko A, Li C, Wood NA, Willingham J, Schwenker A, Spaulding K. Reduction and Anticancer Activity of Platinum(IV) Complexes. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic971047x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Catherine Filotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Mark Bisanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Sarah Delaney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Daniel Lagasee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Jennifer L. Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Andrew Jusko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Chengruo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Nicole A. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Jennifer Willingham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Amy Schwenker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Kathleen Spaulding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
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Miller B, Altman J, Beck W. Platinum(IV) complexes of vicinal-1,2-diamines and bis(vicinal-1,2-diamines) with an acylamino function. Evidence for a platinum hydroperoxide intermediate upon oxidation. Inorganica Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)05594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Galanski M, Keppler BK. Carboxylation of dihydroxoplatinum(IV) complexes with acyl chlorides. Crystal structures of the trans-R,R- and trans-S,S-isomer of (OC-6-33)-bis(1-adamantanecarboxylato)-(cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)dichloroplatinum(IV). Inorganica Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)05639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Khokhar AR, al-Baker S, Shamsuddin S, Siddik ZH. Chemical and biological studies on a series of novel (trans-(1R,2R)-, trans-(1S,2S)-, and cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(IV) carboxylate complexes. J Med Chem 1997; 40:112-6. [PMID: 9016335 DOI: 10.1021/jm960587l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel platinum(IV) complexes of the type DACH-PtIV-trans-(Y)2-cis-X (where DACH = trans-(1R,2R)-, trans-(1S,2S)-, or cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane; X = diacetate, oxalate, malonate, methylmalonate, cyclobutanecarboxylate (CBCA), or 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate (CB-DCA); and Y = acetate or trifluoroacetate) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 195Pt-NMR spectroscopy. The compounds have been tested against cisplatin-sensitive L1210/0 leukemia, cisplatin-resistant L1210/DDP leukemia, and M5076 reticulosarcoma cell lines in vivo. Most of these analogs displayed reasonable activity against L1210/0 cells (%T/C = 135 to > 700). There were no gross differences in activity between analogs containing isomers of DACH. Selected compounds were evaluated against L1210/DDP tumor models in which they demonstrated reduced but significant activity compared with activity in the L1210/0 model. Interestingly, complex 20, PtIV(trans-1R,2R-DACH)-trans-(acetate)2-methylmalonate, was highly active against M5076, although it had no activity against the L1210 lines. The results demonstrate that specific combinations of axial and equatorial carboxylate ligands, together with the DACH carrier ligand, can favorably modulate the antitumor properties of platinum complexes and enhance circumvention of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Khokhar
- Department of Clinical Investigation, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Kratochwil NA, Zabel M, Range KJ, Bednarski PJ. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of trans,cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2(en)]: a novel type of cisplatin analog that can be photolyzed by visible light to DNA-binding and cytotoxic species in vitro. J Med Chem 1996; 39:2499-507. [PMID: 8691447 DOI: 10.1021/jm9509105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An original approach intended to facilitate the intratumoral activation of Pt(IV) diamines by illumination with visible light to form photolysis products that irreversibly bind to DNA and are cytotoxic to human cancer cells is reported. The novel Pt(IV) complex trans,cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2-(en)] was prepared by the acetylation of trans,cis-[Pt(OH)2I2(en)] with acetic anhydride in CH2-Cl2; trans,cis-[Pt(OH)2I2(en)] was synthesized by oxidation of [PtI2(en)] with 30% aqueous H2O2. trans,cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2(en)] crystallized from methanol as deep-red needles with a = 9.029(4) A, b = 11.443(2) A, c = 12.822(2) A, beta = 95.48(3) degrees, monoclinic space group Cc, and Z = 4. The conformation of the acetato groups around the O-Pt-O axis deviated significantly from the conformation of the acetato groups in the X-ray crystal structure reported for the cis-dichloro analog, which may explain the very different aqueous solubilities of the two compounds. trans,-cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2(en)] and trans,cis-[Pt(OH)2I2(en)] displayed broad ligand-to-metal charge-transfer bands centered at lambda = 389 and 384 nm, respectively (epsilon = 1372 and 1425 M-1 cm-1, respectively), with tailing out to ca. 550 nm. When trans,cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2(en)] was incubated with calf thymus DNA in the absence of light, no covalent binding of Pt to DNA was measurable after 6 h; however, irradiation with light of wavelengths > 375 nm resulted in 63 +/- 13% of the platinum being covalently bound to DNA after 6 h, suggesting that a photoreduction to Pt(II) species took place. Although trans,cis-[Pt(OH)2I2(en)] was also labile to visible light, only 10 +/- 2% DNA platination was observed after 6 h of illumination; however, covalent binding of Pt to DNA took place quantitatively when a reducing agent such as glutathione was added to the photolyzed incubations. These results provide evidence that the photolysis of the trans-dihydroxo analog resulted predominately in the substitution of the iodide ligands for water rather than a reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II). When protected from light, trans,cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2-(en)] and trans,cis-[Pt(OH)2I2(en)], both at a concentration of 10 microM, had half-lives of 6.6 +/- 0.5 and 46.8 +/- 8.8 h, respectively, at 37 degrees C in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) containing 5% fetal calf serum. When irradiated with light lambda(irr) > 375 nm, the half-lives were decreased by 24- and 53-fold for the diacetato- and dihydroxoplatinum(IV) complexes, respectively. Compared to the "dark" control, the in vitro treatment of TCCSUP human bladder cancer cells with trans,cis-[Pt(OAc)2I2(en)] resulted in 35% greater growth inhibitory activity when during the first 1.5 h of drug exposure the cells were irradiated with light lambda irr > 375 nm. The photolysis of trans,cis-[Pt(OH)2I2(en)] with visible light resulted in a 22% enhancement of antiproliferative activity.
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Galanski MS, Keppler BK. Carboxylation of Dihydroxoplatinum(IV) Complexes via a New Synthetic Pathway. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:1709-1711. [PMID: 11666395 DOI: 10.1021/ic9509490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathea Sophia Galanski
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Köckerbauer R, Bednarski PJ. A novel approach to preparing water soluble prodrug forms of cisplatin analogues bearing chelating diamines. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:819-23. [PMID: 7562430 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600840707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for creating water soluble prodrugs of cisplatin analogues bearing chelating diamines is introduced. When 2-(amino-methyl)aniline is reacted with K2PtCl4 between a pH of 6 and 7, the neutral chelated complex [2-(aminomethyl)aniline)dichloroplatinum(II) (1) is isolated. On the other hand, when the complexation occurs under acidic conditions (i.e. pH 3), the zwitterionic, "open-ring" form [2-(ammonio-methyl)aniline-N1]trichloroplatinate(II) (2) is obtained, whereby only the aniline nitrogen is coordinated to platinum. Compound 2 has a solubility of 10 mM in acidic aqueous medium; that is ca. 20 times greater than that of 1. However, 2 rapidly converts to compound 1 at physiologic pH; thus 2 functions as a water soluble prodrug of 1. Both 1 and 2 are equally effective at halting the growth of three different human cancer cell lines in vitro, indicating that the prodrug is quantitatively converted to the parent drug in a complex, biologically relevant medium. In animal experiments, the prodrug form, when given at a dose of 25 mumol/kg three times a week for 6 weeks, significantly inhibits the growth of the MXT (M3.2) mammary tumor in BDF mice while the same dose of the parent drug has no antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Köckerbauer
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie II, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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Platinum(IV) organometallics I. Syntheses of trans-di(carboxylato)ethane-1,2-diamine-cis-bis(pentafluoro-phenyl)platinum(IV) complexes and the X-ray crystal structure of the n-butanoato derivative. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)05329-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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