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Lafzi A, Yeşilyurt F, Demirci T, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Şişman T. Acute and subacute toxic effects of CUMYL-4CN-BINACA on male albino rats. Forensic Toxicol 2024; 42:125-141. [PMID: 38102417 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is very little information about the toxicological and pathological effects of synthetic cannabinoids, which have cannabis-like properties. This study was carried out to histopathologically, hematologically, and biochemically determine the toxic effects of acute and subacute exposure to a novel synthetic cannabinoid 1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide in internal organs of adult male rats. METHODS The cannabinoid was injected intraperitoneally at three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, body weight). The cannabinoid was administered to acute groups for 2 days and to subacute groups for 14 days. Observations were made for 14 days and various changes such as mortality, injury, and illness were recorded daily. Hematological and biochemical changes were evaluated and histopathological analyses in lung, liver, and kidney tissues were also performed. RESULTS No mortality was observed. It was observed that there were fluctuations in hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Among the oxidative stress parameters, significant decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase levels and significant increases in lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Serious pathological changes such as necrosis, vacuolation, congestion, and fibrosis were observed in the internal organs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It was also found that the synthetic cannabinoid triggered apoptosis in the organs. The results demonstrated that the most affected organ by the cannabinoid was the kidney. CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time that CUMYL-4CN-BINACA adversely affects healthy male albino rats. It can be estimated that the abuse of the cannabinoid may harm human health in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Lafzi
- Department of Criminalistics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşilyurt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Turgay Şişman
- Department of Criminalistics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Sternberg Z. Neurodegenerative Etiology of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: a Novel Concept for Expanding Treatment Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2996-3018. [PMID: 37953352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC-DY) is caused by one or more mutations in the DDC gene, resulting in the deficit in catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. The disease has limited therapeutic options with relatively poor clinical outcomes. Accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of neurodegenerative mechanisms in the etiology of AADC-DY. In the absence of neurotransmitters' neuroprotective effects, the accumulation and the chronic presence of several neurotoxic metabolites including 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3-methyldopa, and homocysteine, in the brain of subjects with AADC-DY, promote oxidative stress and reduce the cellular antioxidant and methylation capacities, leading to glial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, culminating to neuronal injury and death. These pathophysiological processes have the potential to hinder the clinical efficacy of treatments aimed at increasing neurotransmitters' synthesis and or function. This review describes in detail the mechanisms involved in AADC-DY neurodegenerative etiology, highlighting the close similarities with those involved in other neurodegenerative diseases. We then offer novel strategies for the treatment of the disease with the objective to either reduce the level of the metabolites or counteract their prooxidant and neurotoxic effects. These treatment modalities used singly or in combination, early in the course of the disease, will minimize neuronal injury, preserving the functional integrity of neurons, hence improving the clinical outcomes of both conventional and unconventional interventions in AADC-DY. These modalities may not be limited to AADC-DY but also to other metabolic disorders where a specific mutation leads to the accumulation of prooxidant and neurotoxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohi Sternberg
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Lafzi A, Demirci T, Yüce N, Annaç E, Çiçek M, Şişman T. A study on the possible neurotoxic effects of CUMYL-4CN-BINACA in Sprague Dawley rats. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 67:102389. [PMID: 38185093 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Substances such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol cross the blood-brain barrier. Detecting the damage of these substances in the brain provides important data in drug abuse studies. The aim of the study is to define the neurotoxicity of a novel synthetic cannabinoid (CUMYL-4CN-BINACA) in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, behavioral, and biochemical examinations were performed to determine the acute and subacute toxicity of the cannabinoid. Three cannabinoid doses were administered for 2 days in the acute exposure groups and 14 days in the subacute exposure groups. Observations were made for 14 days and various changes such as mortality, injury, and illness were recorded daily. No mortality was determined. Serious pathological changes such as neurodegeneration, focal plague formation, vacuolation, edema, congestion, and fibrosis were observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the brain in a dose-dependent manner. Brain tissue caspase-3 activity showed that the cannabinoid triggered apoptosis in the rat brain. The detected cellular oxidative stress (higher lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activity) also supported neurotoxicity. Significant behavioral abnormalities were also observed in the acute groups, while no behavioral changes were detected in the subacute groups. This study showed for the first time that CUMYL-4CN-BINACA adversely affects the rat brain. It can be estimated that the abuse of the cannabinoid may harm human health in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Lafzi
- Department of Criminalistics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Yüce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Annaç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Adıyaman University, 02040 Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Çiçek
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medicine Faculty, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, 46050 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
| | - Turgay Şişman
- Department of Criminalistics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Li N, Duan YH, Chen L, Zhang K. Iron metabolism: An emerging therapeutic target underlying the anti-Alzheimer's disease effect of ginseng. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127252. [PMID: 37418790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Finding neuroprotective drugs with fewer side effects and more efficacy has become a major problem as the global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rises. Natural drugs have risen to prominence as potential medication candidates. Ginseng has a long history of use in China, and it has a wide range of pharmacological actions that can help with neurological issues. Iron loaded in the brain has been linked to AD pathogenesis. We reviewed the regulation of iron metabolism and its studies in AD and explored how ginseng might regulate iron metabolism and prevent or treat AD. Researchers utilized network pharmacology analysis to identify key factive components of ginseng that protect against AD by regulating ferroptosis. Ginseng and its active ingredients may benefit AD by regulating iron metabolism and targeting ferroptosis genes to inhibit the ferroptosis process. The results present new ideas for ginseng pharmacological studies and initiatives for further research into AD-related drugs. To provide comprehensive information on the neuroprotective use of ginseng to modulate iron metabolism, reveal its potential to treat AD, and provide insights for future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Han Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Guyot C, Malaret T, Touani Kameni F, Cerruti M, Lerouge S. How to Design Catechol-Containing Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation Despite Catechol Toxicity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37339251 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Catechol (cat) is a highly adhesive diphenol that can be chemically grafted to polymers such as chitosan (CH) to make them adhesive as well. However, catechol-containing materials experimentally show a large variability of toxicity, especially in vitro. While it is unclear how this toxicity emerges, most concerns are directed toward the oxidation of catechol into quinone that releases reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can, in turn, cause cell apoptosis through oxidative stress. To better understand the mechanisms at play, we examined the leaching profiles, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and in vitro cytotoxicity of several cat-chitosan (cat-CH) hydrogels that were prepared with different oxidation levels and cross-linking methods. To create cat-CH with different propensities toward oxidation, we grafted either hydrocaffeic acid (HCA, more prone to oxidation) or dihydrobenzoic acid (DHBA, less prone to oxidation) to the backbone of CH. Hydrogels were cross-linked either covalently, using sodium periodate (NaIO4) to trigger oxidative cross-linking, or physically, using sodium bicarbonate (SHC). While using NaIO4 as a cross-linker increased the oxidation levels of the hydrogels, it also significantly reduced in vitro cytotoxicity, H2O2 production, and catechol and quinone leaching in the media. For all gels tested, cytotoxicity could be directly related to the release of quinones rather than H2O2 production or catechol release, showing that oxidative stress may not be the main reason for catechol cytotoxicity, as other pathways of quinone toxicity come into play. Results also suggest that the indirect cytotoxicity of cat-CH hydrogels fabricated through carbodiimide chemistry can be reduced if (i) catechol groups are chemically bound to the polymer backbone to prevent leaching or (ii) the chosen cat-bearing molecule has a high resistance to oxidation. Coupled with the use of other cross-linking chemistries or more efficient purification methods, these strategies can be adopted to synthesize various types of cytocompatible cat-containing scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Guyot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal H3C 1K3, Canada
- Laboratory of Endovascular Biomaterials, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Tommy Malaret
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal H3C 1K3, Canada
- Laboratory of Endovascular Biomaterials, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Francesco Touani Kameni
- Laboratory of Endovascular Biomaterials, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marta Cerruti
- Biointerface Lab, Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Sophie Lerouge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal H3C 1K3, Canada
- Laboratory of Endovascular Biomaterials, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
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Stanojevic JB, Zeljkovic M, Dragic M, Stojanovic IR, Ilic TV, Stevanovic ID, Ninkovic MB. Intermittent theta burst stimulation attenuates oxidative stress and reactive astrogliosis in the streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1161678. [PMID: 37273654 PMCID: PMC10233102 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1161678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) is a widely used model for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD)-like pathology, marked by oxidative stress-mediated pathological progression. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive technique for brain activity stimulation with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for several neurological diseases, including AD. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the iTBS protocol on the animal model of STZ-induced sAD-like pathology in the context of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic effects in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (icv normal saline solution), STZ (icv STZ-3 mg/kg), STZ + iTBS (STZ rats subjected to iTBS protocol), and STZ + Placebo (STZ animals subjected to placebo iTBS noise artifact). Biochemical assays and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate functional and structural changes. Results The icv STZ administration induces oxidative stress and attenuates antioxidative capacity in all examined brain regions. iTBS treatment significantly reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress parameters. Also, iTBS decreased Aβ-1-42 and APP levels. The iTBS enhances antioxidative capacity reported as elevated activity of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic components. In addition, iTBS elevated BDNF expression and attenuated STZ-induced astrogliosis confirmed by decreased GFAP+/VIM+/C3+ cell reactivity in the hippocampus. Discussion Our results provide experimental evidence for the beneficial effects of the applied iTBS protocol in attenuating oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant capacity and decreasing reactive astrogliosis in STZ-administrated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena B. Stanojevic
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana R. Stojanovic
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana D. Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica B. Ninkovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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The Neuroprotective Activities of the Novel Multi-Target Iron-Chelators in Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Aging. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050763. [PMID: 36899898 PMCID: PMC10001413 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of chelation therapy as a valuable therapeutic approach in neurological disorders led us to develop multi-target, non-toxic, lipophilic, brain-permeable compounds with iron chelation and anti-apoptotic properties for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), age-related dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Herein, we reviewed our two most effective such compounds, M30 and HLA20, based on a multimodal drug design paradigm. The compounds have been tested for their mechanisms of action using animal and cellular models such as APP/PS1 AD transgenic (Tg) mice, G93A-SOD1 mutant ALS Tg mice, C57BL/6 mice, Neuroblastoma × Spinal Cord-34 (NSC-34) hybrid cells, a battery of behavior tests, and various immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. These novel iron chelators exhibit neuroprotective activities by attenuating relevant neurodegenerative pathology, promoting positive behavior changes, and up-regulating neuroprotective signaling pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that our multifunctional iron-chelating compounds can upregulate several neuroprotective-adaptive mechanisms and pro-survival signaling pathways in the brain and might function as ideal drugs for neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD, AD, ALS, and aging-related cognitive decline, in which oxidative stress and iron-mediated toxicity and dysregulation of iron homeostasis have been implicated.
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M. N, Urs D, A. D. S, Ram H. K, S. Meti R, K. K. D. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Garcinia indica, a wild edible fruit by inhibiting secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA enzyme from human pleural fluid. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Garcinia indica is a wild edible fruit plant distributed in tropical regions of India. Fruits of G. indica were traditionally used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., But the basis of anti-inflammatory function of the fruit is not understood. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory function of G. indica. Initially phytochemical screening of G. indica was carried out, tested antioxidant potency of G. indica fruit and evaluated its anti-inflammatory function by inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2 IIA (sPLA2IIA) enzyme.
Methodology: The Soxhlet extraction method was used for the preparation of extracts of G. indica fruit. DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays were carried out to estimate the antioxidant activities of G. indica fruit. The inhibition of sPLA2IIA, modulating indirect hemolytic and edema inducing activity and protein denaturation assays were done to evaluate the anti-inflammatory function.
Results: Aqueous and solvent extracts of G. indica fruit showed a wide variety of phytochemicals. The ethanol extract of G. indica fruit showed greater antioxidant activity (79.12 % ±1.2) and reduction power (68.14% ± 4.4). The extract showed sPLA2IIA inhibition to a greater extent (50%), neutralized sPLA2IIA induced indirect hemolysis (IC50 45.518 µg/mL) and mouse paw edema (119.35% ± 2.74) with the IC50 value of 45.12 ±1.36µg.
Conclusion: The extracts of G. indica contain a wide variety of phytochemicals. The ethanol extract of G. indica fruit exhibited a greater antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, the results defended the traditional usage of the G. indica fruit in the indigenous system of medicine.
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Melebary SJ, Elnaggar MH. Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in reducing the effect of lead acetate toxicity in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 30:103507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Foot JS, Buson A, Deodhar M, Findlay AD, Robertson AD, Turner CI, Yow T, Zhou W, Jarolimek W. Combining monoamine oxidase B and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase enzyme inhibition to address inflammatory disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 74:128942. [PMID: 35973549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a dual MAO-B/SSAO inhibitor PXS-5131 is reported. The compound offers a compact and rigid three-dimensional structure with superior selectivity over MAO-A. Potency and selectivity are linked to both the double bond geometry and stereochemistry of the allylamine moiety, highlighting the importance of optimal set up of these features in the class of amine oxidase inhibitors. PXS-5131 possesses an attractive preclinical pharmacokinetic profile and has anti-inflammatory properties in models of acute inflammation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Foot
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia.
| | - Alberto Buson
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Mandar Deodhar
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Alison D Findlay
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Alan D Robertson
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Craig I Turner
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Tin Yow
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Yuan C, Ding X, Jiang L, Ye W, Xu J, Qian L. Effects of dietary phytosterols supplementation on serum parameters, nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme of white feather broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jian H, Miao S, Liu Y, Li H, Zhou W, Wang X, Dong X, Zou X. Effects of Dietary Valine Levels on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Amino Acid Absorption of Laying Hens during the Peak Lay Period. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1972. [PMID: 34209447 PMCID: PMC8300305 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the impact of dietary valine levels on layer production performance, egg quality, immunity, and intestinal amino acid absorption of laying hens during the peak lay period. For this purpose, a total of 960 33-week-old Fengda No.1 laying hens were randomly divided into five experimental groups and fed with valine at the following different levels in a feeding trial that lasted 8 weeks: 0.59, 0.64, 0.69, 0.74, and 0.79%, respectively. Productive performances were recorded throughout the whole rearing cycle and the egg quality, serum indexes, and small intestine transporters expression were assessed at the end of the experiment after slaughter (41 weeks) on 12 hens per group. Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD multiple comparison tests with SPSS 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The linear and quadratic effects were tested by SPSS 20.0. Egg mass, laying rate, broken egg rate, and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved with increasing dietary valine levels. However, the egg weight, eggshell thickness, albumen height, Haugh unit, and egg yolk color were significantly decreased with increasing dietary valine levels. Serum catalase (CAT), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were negative responses to valine-treated laying hens. Dietary supplemented valine enhanced the trypsin activity of duodenum chime and promoted the mRNA expression levels of ATB0,+, and LAT4 in the jejunum and corresponding serum free Ile, Lys, Phe, Val, and Tyr level. However, valine treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression levels of PePT1, B0AT1, LAT1, and SNAT2 in the small intestines and corresponding serum free Arg, His, Met, Thr, Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, and Ser level. Our results suggest that 0.79% valine dietary supplementation can improve production performance by promoting amino acid nutrient uptake and utilization, and suggest a supplement of 0.79% valine to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoting Zou
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2360872. [PMID: 33101584 PMCID: PMC7576349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2360872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of age and has become increasingly more common with advances in age. The number of individuals older than 60 years has been increasing in modern societies, as well as life expectancy in developing countries; therefore, PD may pose an impact on the economic, social, and health structures of these countries. Oxidative stress is highlighted as an important factor in the genesis of PD, involving several enzymes and signaling molecules in the underlying mechanisms of the disease. This review presents updated data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the disease, as well as the use of antioxidant supplements in its therapy.
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Bellezza I, Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. Reductive stress in striated muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3547-3565. [PMID: 32072237 PMCID: PMC11105111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition of sustained increase in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Reductive stress is emerging as an important pathophysiological event in several diseased states, being as detrimental as is oxidative stress. Occurrence of reductive stress has been documented in several cardiomyopathies and is an important pathophysiological factor particularly in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Excess activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2-the master regulator of the antioxidant response-, consequent in most cases to defective autophagy, can lead to reductive stress. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced activation of the polyol pathway can lead to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, which might translate into increased levels of hydrogen sulfide-via enhanced activity of cystathionine β-synthase-that would fuel reductive stress through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Reductive stress may be either a potential weapon against cancer priming tumor cells to apoptosis or a cancer's ally promoting tumor cell proliferation and making tumor cells resistant to reactive oxygen species-inducing drugs. In non-cancer pathological states reductive stress is definitely harmful paradoxically leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction via excess NADPH oxidase 4 activity. In face of the documented occurrence of reductive stress in several heart diseases, there is much less information about the occurrence and effects of reductive stress in skeletal muscle tissue. In the present review we describe relevant results emerged from studies of reductive stress in the heart and review skeletal muscle conditions in which reductive stress has been experimentally documented and those in which reductive stress might have an as yet unrecognized pathophysiological role. Establishing whether reductive stress has a (patho)physiological role in skeletal muscle will hopefully contribute to answer the question whether antioxidant supplementation to the general population, athletes, and a large cohort of patients (e.g. heart, sarcopenic, dystrophic, myopathic, cancer, and bronco-pulmonary patients) is harmless or detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario Di Ricerca Sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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Welbat JU, Naewla S, Pannangrong W, Sirichoat A, Aranarochana A, Wigmore P. Neuroprotective effects of hesperidin against methotrexate-induced changes in neurogenesis and oxidative stress in the adult rat. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114083. [PMID: 32522593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to neurotoxicity. The drug also negatively impacts neurogenesis and memory. Hesperidin (Hsd) is a major flavanoid with multiple beneficial pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Hsd against MTX-induced alterations in oxidative stress and neurogenesis. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: 1) a vehicle group, which received saline and propylene glycol, 2) an Hsd group, which was orally administered with Hsd (100 mg/kg) for 21 days, 3) an MTX group, which received MTX (75 mg/kg) by intravenous injection on days 8 and 15, and 4) an MTX + Hsd group, which received both MTX and Hsd. After treatment with MTX, p21-positive cells had increased significantly and doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampus had decreased significantly. Treatment with MTX also increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and decreased levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Additionally, there were significant decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the MTX group. However, co-treatment with Hsd ameliorated the negative effects of MTX on neurogenesis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that Hsd may be able to prevent neurotoxic effects of MTX by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Salinee Naewla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanassanan Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusara Aranarochana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Cervical carcinoma risk associate with genetic polymorphisms of NEIL2 gene in Chinese population and its significance as predictive biomarker. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5136. [PMID: 32198476 PMCID: PMC7083954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of NEIL1 and NEIL2 maybe change protein function, and increased carcinogenesis. In this study, seven NEIL1 SNPs and three NEIL2 SNPs were selected. 400 CSCCs, 400 CIN III, and 1200 normal healthy controls were genotyped by mismatch amplification PCR. mRNA and protein expression of NEIL2 was measured in 92 freshly-obtained CSCC tumor tissues. The association between homozygote CC genotype of NEIL2 rs804270 with susceptible risk was gradually increased in CIN III (OR = 1.44) and CSCC (OR = 2.22). Carriers of C-allele (GC + CC) at rs804270 had a high risk of CSCC (OR = 1.46). The heterozygote GT genotype of rs8191664 was also closely related to the higher risk of CINIII (OR = 1.59) and CSCC (OR = 2.54). Carriers of T-allele (GT + TT) at rs8191664 had a high risk for CIN III (OR = 1.55) and CSCC (OR = 2.34). The genotypes of NEIL2 rs804270 (G/C) and rs8191664 (G/T) that were related to the higher risk for CIN III were CC-GG (OR = 1.42) and CC-GT (OR = 2.07). More notably, there was a greater risk for CSCC with the GC-GT (OR = 1.91), CC-GG (OR = 1.67), and CC-GT (OR = 6.18) genotypes. NEIL2 mRNA expression in CSCCs with the rs804270-CC genotype was lower expression than those in CSCCs with the rs804270-GG and rs804270-GC genotypes. Similarly, NEIL2 protein expression was significantly decreased in CSCCs with the rs804270-CC genotype. In summary, the two genetic polymorphisms (rs804270 and rs8191664) of NEIL2 gene were significantly associated to the increased susceptibility of CIN III or CSCC. This increased susceptibility maybe due to altered NEIL2 repair activity through altered protein expression, or changed structure of the functional domain. The genotypes of GC-GT, CC-GG, and CC-GT of rs804270 and rs8191664 of NEIL2 gene could act as a genetic predictive biomarker of susceptibility to CIN III and CSCC.
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18
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The degraded polysaccharide from Pyropia haitanensis represses amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity and memory in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:725-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chang T, Wei B, Wang Q, He Y, Wang C. Toxicity assessment of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent by an integrated biomarker response in the liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7280-7288. [PMID: 31883072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was exposed to the increasing concentrations of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent (MSTPE) for 15 days, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), together with the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver of C. auratus were investigated. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) approach was applied to assess the adverse effects of MSTPE in freshwater. The aim of the study was to provide an effective biological indicator for evaluating the toxicity effects and ecological risks of MSTPE in the freshwater environment quantitatively. Results showed that MSTPE could cause oxidative damage to the liver of C. auratus, which reflected through the increasing MDA content over the exposure period. MSTPE also led to the biochemical responses of antioxidant defense in C. auratus liver, such as the enhancement of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as the inhibition of AChE activity and GSH content. It was found that MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH could be used as the biomarkers for reflecting the adverse effects of MSTPE in the receiving freshwater on the 12th day of exposure. A significant increase of IBR values was observed as the increasing concentration of MSTPE, and the IBR values presented a significant positive correlation (r = 0.891, P < 0.05) with the increasing concentrations of MSTPE, indicating that IBR approach is a promising tool for assessing the toxicity effects of MSTPE in environmental freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Organic Pollution and Population Health, No. 44 Dongyi Road, Zibo, 255026, Shandong, China.
| | - Bin Wei
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Organic Pollution and Population Health, No. 44 Dongyi Road, Zibo, 255026, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Organic Pollution and Population Health, No. 44 Dongyi Road, Zibo, 255026, Shandong, China
| | - Yi He
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Organic Pollution and Population Health, No. 44 Dongyi Road, Zibo, 255026, Shandong, China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
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20
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Xing M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E144. [PMID: 32121067 PMCID: PMC7142810 DOI: 10.3390/md18030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
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21
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Suyal R, Rawat S, Rawal RS, Bhatt ID. Variability in morphology, phytochemicals, and antioxidants in Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. populations under different altitudes and habitat conditions in Western Himalaya, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 191:783. [PMID: 31989296 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. is one among eight species of Astavarga group of plants known for its vitality strengthening properties and used in different herbal formulations. However, systematic investigation on morphology and antioxidant phytochemicals in relation to different environmental variables like altitude and habitat conditions is poorly available. The present study reveals significant (p < 0.05) differences in structural and functional attributes among sixteen different populations of P. verticillatum in West Himalaya. Among the different populations, plants growing in moist habitat and oak forest exhibited maximum plant height, leaf number, biomass and phytochemical content (total phenolics, tannin, and flavonol). Antioxidant activity using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) positively (p < 0.05) correlated with altitude. Presence of strong antioxidant and DNA damage prevention activity of the species validate its use as vitality strengthening and anti-aging properties. Identified suitable altitude, habitat conditions, and forest types can be utilized for reintroduction of species in to suitable agro-climatic condition. This will also help in obtaining higher quality produce and management practices for conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Suyal
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India.
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Sesame Lignans Suppress Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071582. [PMID: 31336975 PMCID: PMC6682928 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame lignans, which are biologically active compounds present in sesame seeds and oil, are known to have neuroprotective effects in several models of brain dysfunction. However, the effects of sesame lignans on age-related brain dysfunction are not clear and were thus investigated in the present study using a senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP10). Two-month-old male SAMP10 mice were administrated a basal diet with 0% or 0.05% sesame lignans for two months, or with 0%, 0.02%, or 0.05% sesame lignans for 10 months and subjected to step-through passive avoidance tasks and forced swim tests. Reactive carbonyl species (RCs) were evaluated as markers of oxidative stress using a recently developed comprehensive analytical method. Both learning time in passive avoidance tasks and immobile time in forced swim tests became longer with aging (p < 0.05). However, the administration of sesame lignans significantly ameliorated age-related effects in both tests (p < 0.05). Age-related increases in RCs such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the cerebral cortex and liver were reduced in mice fed sesame lignans. These results suggest that sesame lignans can prevent age-related brain dysfunction via anti-oxidative activity.
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Makhdoumi P, Hossini H, Ashraf GM, Limoee M. Molecular Mechanism of Aniline Induced Spleen Toxicity and Neuron Toxicity in Experimental Rat Exposure: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:201-213. [PMID: 30081786 PMCID: PMC6425079 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180803164238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aniline exposure leads to neuron and spleen toxicity specifically and makes diverse neurological effects and sar-coma that is defined by splenomegaly, hyperplasia, and fibrosis and tumors formation at the end. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of aniline-induced spleen toxicity is not understood well, previous studies have represented that aniline expo-sure results in iron overload and initiation of oxidative/nitrosative disorder stress and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA subsequently, in the spleen. Elevated expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and phosphorylation of pRB protein along with increases in A, B and CDK1 as a cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclins, and reduce in CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) could be critical in cell cycle regulation, which contributes to tumorigenic response after aniline exposure. Aniline-induced splenic toxicity is corre-lated to oxidative DNA damage and initiation of DNA glycosylases expression (OGG1, NEIL1/2, NTH1, APE1 and PNK) for removal of oxidative DNA lesions in rat. Oxidative stress causes transcriptional up-regulation of fibrogenic/inflammatory factors (cytokines, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) via induction of nuclear factor-kappa B, AP-1 and redox-sensitive transcription factors, in aniline treated-rats. The upstream signalling events as phosphorylation of IκB kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and mito-gen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) could potentially be the causes of activation of NF-κB and AP-1. All of these events could initiate a fibrogenic and/or tumorigenic response in the spleen. The spleen toxicity of aniline is studied more and the different mechanisms are suggested. This review summarizes those events following aniline exposure that induce spleen tox-icity and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Makhdoumi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mojtaba Limoee
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Li Y, Sun Y, Zhu M, Zhu R, Zhang J, Zhou J, Wang T, Qiao Y, Lou H. Sacculatane diterpenoids from the Chinese liverwort Pellia epiphylla with protection against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:173-182. [PMID: 30925378 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed sacculatane diterpenoids, epiphyllins A-H, and one unknown bibenzyl-based isopentene along with seven known compounds were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda. Their structures were established unequivocally on the basis of spectroscopic data and CD measurement. The quinine reductase-inducing activity evaluation demonstrated that epiphyllins A-D, 1β-hydroxysacculatanolide and pellianolactone B displayed moderate antioxidant effect. Further investigation of pellianolactone B revealed its protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative insults and apoptosis in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Shanbhag NM, Evans MD, Mao W, Nana AL, Seeley WW, Adame A, Rissman RA, Masliah E, Mucke L. Early neuronal accumulation of DNA double strand breaks in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:77. [PMID: 31101070 PMCID: PMC6524256 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity is essential for normal cellular functions. However, it is difficult to maintain over a lifetime in postmitotic cells such as neurons, in which DNA damage increases with age and is exacerbated by multiple neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we used immunohistochemical staining to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), the most severe form of DNA damage, in postmortem brain tissues from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD and from cognitively unimpaired controls. Immunostaining for γH2AX-a post-translational histone modification that is widely used as a marker of DSBs-revealed increased proportions of γH2AX-labeled neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of MCI and AD patients, as compared to age-matched controls. In contrast to the focal pattern associated with DSBs, some neurons and glia in humans and mice showed diffuse pan-nuclear patterns of γH2AX immunoreactivity. In mouse brains and primary neuronal cultures, such pan-nuclear γH2AX labeling could be elicited by increasing neuronal activity. To assess whether pan-nuclear γH2AX represents DSBs, we used a recently developed technology, DNA damage in situ ligation followed by proximity ligation assay, to detect close associations between γH2AX sites and free DSB ends. This assay revealed no evidence of DSBs in neurons or astrocytes with prominent pan-nuclear γH2AX labeling. These findings suggest that focal, but not pan-nuclear, increases in γH2AX immunoreactivity are associated with DSBs in brain tissue and that these distinct patterns of γH2AX formation may have different causes and consequences. We conclude that AD is associated with an accumulation of DSBs in vulnerable neuronal and glial cell populations from early stages onward. Because of the severe adverse effects this type of DNA damage can have on gene expression, chromatin stability and cellular functions, DSBs could be an important causal driver of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj M Shanbhag
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mark D Evans
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Present address: Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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26
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Díaz M, Luis-Amaro AC, Rodriguez Barreto D, Casañas-Sánchez V, Pérez JA, Marin R. Lipostatic Mechanisms Preserving Cerebellar Lipids in MPTP-Treated Mice: Focus on Membrane Microdomains and Lipid-Related Gene Expression. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:93. [PMID: 31105522 PMCID: PMC6491966 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is an essential component in the control of motor patterns. Despite dramatic alteration of basal ganglia morpho-functionality in Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebellar function appears to be unaffected by the disease. Only recently this brain structure has been proposed to play compensatory roles in PD-induced motor dysfunction, particularly during the initial asymptomatic stages of PD. In PD subjects and animal models of PD, such as MPTP-treated mice, brain structures other than basal ganglia are also affected by the disease, including cortical areas not involved in motor control. Thus, it is noteworthy that the cerebellum remains unaffected. In the present study, we have analyzed the lipid composition of membrane microdomains [lipid rafts (LR) and non-raft domains] and assessed the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes synthesizing membrane-related lipids. The outcomes revealed that membrane domain lipids in cerebellum are highly preserved both in control and MPTP-treated mice as compared to control animals. Likewise, only small, mostly not significant, changes were observed in the expression of lipid-related genes in the cerebellum. Indeed, most changes were related to aging rather than to the exposure to the neurotoxin. Conversely, in the same animals, lipid composition, and gene expression were dramatically altered in the occipital cortex (OC), a brain area unrelated to the control of motor function. PCR and immunohistochemical analyses of both brain areas revealed that dopamine transporter (DAT) mRNA and protein were expressed in OC but not in the cerebellum. As MPTP neurotoxicity requires the expression of DAT to access intracellular compartments, we hypothesized that the absence of DAT in cerebellum hampers MPTP-induced toxicity. We conclude that cerebellum is endowed with efficient mechanisms to preserve nerve cell lipid homeostasis, which greatly maintain the stability of membrane microdomains involved in synaptic transmission, signal transduction, and intercellular communication, which together may participate in the compensatory role of the cerebellum in PD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Investigación ULL-CSIC, “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana Canerina Luis-Amaro
- Unidad Asociada de Investigación ULL-CSIC, “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Deiene Rodriguez Barreto
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Verónica Casañas-Sánchez
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José A. Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Marin
- Unidad Asociada de Investigación ULL-CSIC, “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Jiang N, Luo L, Xing W, Li T, Yuan D, Xu G, Li W, Ma Z, Jin L, Ji M. Generation and immunity effect evaluation of biotechnology-derived Aeromonas veronii ghost by PhiX174 gene E-mediated inactivation in koi (Cyprinus carprio koi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:327-334. [PMID: 30041051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a conditional pathogen causing high mortality in many freshwater fish species worldwide. Bacterial ghosts are nonliving Gram-negative bacteria devoid of cytoplasmic contents, which induce protective immunity against microbial pathogens. The aims of this study were: a) to produce A. veronii ghost (AVG) constructed by PhiX174 gene E; b) to evaluate the specific, non-specific immune effects and protective immunity of AVG against A. veronii in koi. The lysis plasmid pBBR-E was constructed by cloning PhiX174 gene E into the broad-host-range vector pBBR1MCS2, and then transformed into A. veronii 7231. AVG was generated by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42 °C. Lysis of A. veronii occurred 3 h after temperature induction and completed in 12 h. The efficiency of ghost induction was 99.9998 ± 0.0002%. Koi were immunized intraperitoneally with AVG, formalin-killed bacteria (FKC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) respectively, and then respiratory burst (RB), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LZM), malondialdehyde (MDA), complement 3 (C3) and antibody activities were examined in serum. Compared with negative control of PBS, the RB, MPO, LZM activities were significantly higher in koi immunized with AVG (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the MDA activities of AVG treatment were significantly lower than those of PBS treatment (P < 0.05). The serum agglutination titers and IgM antibody titers in AVG group were significantly higher than those in FKC or PBS groups. After challenged with the parent strain A. veronii 7231, the average mortality of AVG group was significantly lower than that of FKC and PBS groups (P < 0.05) and the relative percent survival (RPS) of AVG group (73.92%) was higher than that of FKC group (43.48%). Therefore, AVG have the potential to induce protective immunity and they may be ideal vaccine candidates against A. veronii in koi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Tieliang Li
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Guanling Xu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Wentong Li
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Liangyun Jin
- Electron Microscope Room of Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Man Ji
- Electron Microscope Room of Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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28
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de la Monte SM. The Full Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease Is Rooted in Metabolic Derangements That Drive Type 3 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1128:45-83. [PMID: 31062325 PMCID: PMC9996398 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard practice in neuropathology is to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the distribution and abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits. However, other significant abnormalities including neuroinflammation, gliosis, white matter degeneration, non-Aβ microvascular disease, and insulin-related metabolic dysfunction require further study to understand how they could be targeted to more effectively remediate AD. This review addresses non-Aβ and non-pTau AD-associated pathologies, highlighting their major features, roles in neurodegeneration, and etiopathic links to deficits in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling and cognitive impairment. The discussion delineates why AD with its most characteristic clinical and pathological phenotypic profiles should be regarded as a brain form of diabetes, i.e., type 3 diabetes, and entertains the hypothesis that type 3 diabetes is just one of the categories of insulin resistance diseases that can occur independently or overlap with one or more of the others, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Neurology, Neuropathology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
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29
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Germoush MO, Othman SI, Al-Qaraawi MA, Al-Harbi HM, Hussein OE, Al-Basher G, Alotaibi MF, Elgebaly HA, Sandhu MA, Allam AA, Mahmoud AM. Umbelliferone prevents oxidative stress, inflammation and hematological alterations, and modulates glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP signaling in hyperammonemic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:392-402. [PMID: 29573618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication that occurs as a result of liver failure. Umbelliferone (UMB; 7-hydroxycoumarin) is a natural product with proven hepatoprotective activity; however, nothing has yet been reported on its protective effect against hyperammonemia, the main culprit behind the symptoms of HE. Here, we evaluated the effect of UMB against ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)-induced hyperammonemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and hematological alterations in rats. We demonstrated the modulatory role of UMB on the glutamate-nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathways in the cerebrum of rats. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of NH4Cl (3 times/week) for 8 weeks and concomitantly received 50 mg/kg UMB. NH4Cl-induced rats showed significantly elevated blood ammonia and liver function markers. Lipid peroxidation and NO were increased in the liver and cerebrum of rats while the antioxidant defenses were declined. UMB significantly reduced blood ammonia, liver function markers, lipid peroxidation and NO, and enhanced the antioxidant defenses in NH4Cl-induced rats. UMB significantly prevented anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and prolongation of PT and aPTT. Hyperammonemic rats showed elevated levels of cerebral TNF-α, IL-1β and glutamine as well as increased activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, effects that were significantly reversed by UMB. In addition, UMB down-regulated nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase in the cerebrum of hyperammonemic rats. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that UMB protects against hyperammonemia via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. UMB prevents hyperammonemia associated hematological alterations and therefore represents a promising protective agent against the deleterious effects of excess ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Al-Qaraawi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gadh Al-Basher
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Elgebaly
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansur A Sandhu
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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30
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Visentin C, Pellistri F, Natalello A, Vertemara J, Bonanomi M, Gatta E, Penco A, Relini A, De Gioia L, Airoldi C, Regonesi ME, Tortora P. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and related phenol compounds redirect the amyloidogenic aggregation pathway of ataxin-3 towards non-toxic aggregates and prevent toxicity in neural cells and Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. Hum Mol Genet 2018. [PMID: 28633380 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein ataxin-3 (ATX3) triggers an amyloid-related neurodegenerative disease when its polyglutamine stretch is expanded beyond a critical threshold. We formerly demonstrated that the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could redirect amyloid aggregation of a full-length, expanded ATX3 (ATX3-Q55) towards non-toxic, soluble, SDS-resistant aggregates. Here, we have characterized other related phenol compounds, although smaller in size, i.e. (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGC), and gallic acid (GA). We analysed the aggregation pattern of ATX3-Q55 and of the N-terminal globular Josephin domain (JD) by assessing the time course of the soluble protein, as well its structural features by FTIR and AFM, in the presence and the absence of the mentioned compounds. All of them redirected the aggregation pattern towards soluble, SDS-resistant aggregates. They also prevented the appearance of ordered side-chain hydrogen bonding in ATX3-Q55, which is the hallmark of polyQ-related amyloids. Molecular docking analyses on the JD highlighted three interacting regions, including the central, aggregation-prone one. All three compounds bound to each of them, although with different patterns. This might account for their capability to prevent amyloidogenesis. Saturation transfer difference NMR experiments also confirmed EGCG and EGC binding to monomeric JD. ATX3-Q55 pre-incubation with any of the three compounds prevented its calcium-influx-mediated cytotoxicity towards neural cells. Finally, all the phenols significantly reduced toxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain expressing an expanded ATX3. Overall, our results show that the three polyphenols act in a substantially similar manner. GA, however, might be more suitable for antiamyloid treatments due to its simpler structure and higher chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonanomi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatta
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Amanda Penco
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Regonesi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortora
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
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31
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Ponnampalam EN, Hopkins DL, Giri K, Jacobs JL, Plozza T, Lewandowski P, Bekhit A. The use of oxidative stress biomarkers in live animals (in vivo) to predict meat quality deterioration postmortem (in vitro) caused by changes in muscle biochemical components. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:3012-3024. [PMID: 28727089 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether circulating concentrations of blood isoprostanes can be used as an effective biomarker in lambs to predict degradation of color and/or lipid stability in meat. Lambs ( = 84) were fed diets of either lucerne pasture, annual ryegrass pasture, a commercial feedlot pellet, or a combination of annual ryegrass and feedlot pellet for 8 wk, including a 2-wk adaptation period. Blood isoprostane concentration at wk 0, 4, 6 or 8 of feeding was determined. Blood isoprostane concentration for each animal was then correlated with muscle biochemical components that impact color and/or lipid oxidative status during retail display. This included lipid oxidation levels in muscle assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and meat redness determined by a HunterLab colorimetric spectrometer. Lambs that consumed the commercial feedlot pellet had a lower muscle vitamin E level (< 0.01) and a greater level of -6 PUFA ( < 0.001) compared with lambs finished on annual ryegrass or lucerne. Lipid oxidation levels were greatest for lambs finished on the feedlot ration, lowest in lambs finished on the ryegrass diet, and intermediate for lambs finished on lucerne and ryegrass-feedlot combination ( < 0.01). After 8 wk of feeding, blood isoprostane concentration was positively correlated with lipid oxidation of meat displayed for 72 h in simulated retail conditions ( < 0.01). There was a negative linear relationship between isoprostane concentration and muscle vitamin E concentration ( = 0.07), lipid oxidation and muscle vitamin E concentration ( < 0.01) but a positive linear relationship between isoprostane concentration and muscle -6 PUFA ( < 0.001) or lipid oxidation and muscle -6 PUFA concentration ( < 0.001). Blood isoprostane concentration and lipid oxidation in meat were influenced by muscle vitamin E and -6 PUFA but not by -3 PUFA. There was no significant relationship observed between blood isoprostane concentration at 0, 4, 6 or 8 wk feeding vs. overall meat color (redness of meat) at 0 and 72 h of display, stored under simulated retail conditions. The results indicate that circulating blood isoprostane concentration can be a useful tool to predict the oxidative status of postmortem meat. Future work will examine the impact of this relationship on meat flavor/aroma deterioration post farm.
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32
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Vitamin B 6 Reduces Neurochemical and Long-Term Cognitive Alterations After Polymicrobial Sepsis: Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5255-5268. [PMID: 28879460 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction as a result of neuroinflammation has been reported in sepsis and cause high mortality. High levels of cytokines stimulate the formation of neurotoxic metabolites by kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Vitamin B6 (vit B6) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and also acts as a cofactor for enzymes of the KYN pathway. Thus, by using a relevant animal model of polymicrobial sepsis, we studied the effect of vit B6 on the KYN pathway, acute neurochemical and neuroinflammatory parameters, and cognitive dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and divided into sham + saline, sham + vit B6, CLP + saline, and CLP + vit B6 (600 mg/kg, s.c.) groups. Twenty-four hours later, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were removed for neurochemical and neuroinflammatory analyses. Animals were followed for 10 days to determine survival rate, when cognitive function was assessed by behavioral tests. Vitamin B6 interfered in the activation of kynurenine pathway, which led to an improvement in neurochemical and neuroinflammatory parameters and, consequently, in the cognitive functions of septic animals. Thus, the results indicate that vit B6 exerts neuroprotective effects in acute and late consequences after sepsis.
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Yu L, Zhai Q, Zhu J, Zhang C, Li T, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Chen W. Dietary Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation enhances growth performance and alleviates aluminum toxicity in tilapia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:307-314. [PMID: 28570951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the protection offered by the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 against waterborne Al exposure in tilapia. Fish were allocated to control, CCFM639-only, Al-only or Al plus CCFM639 groups. The fish were exposed to 2.73mg/L Al ions for 4 weeks. The probiotic was incorporated into the fish diet at 108 CFU/g and provided twice daily. Our results showed that L. plantarum CCFM639 significantly enhanced feed utilization, growth performance and antioxidant ability in the absence of waterborne Al exposure. When fish were exposed to Al, dietary supplementation with the strain effectively decreased the death rate and accumulation of Al in tissues, and enhanced growth performance. Moreover, Al-induced changes in hematobiochemical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress and histopathology were also alleviated. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 may be a novel dietary supplement for fish to enhance growth performance and prevent aquaculture and food safety problems induced by Al pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, United Kingdom
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, United Kingdom
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, United Kingdom
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, United Kingdom.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, United Kingdom
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Protective effects of S-allyl cysteine on behavioral, morphological and biochemical alterations in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress: Antioxidant and anxiolytic effects. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Khadrawy YA, Sawie HG, Abdel-Salam OM, Hosny EN. Cannabis exacerbates depressive symptoms in rat model induced by reserpine. Behav Brain Res 2017; 324:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lee TK, Park JH, Ahn JH, Shin MC, Cho JH, Bae EJ, Kim YM, Won MH, Lee CH. Pretreated duloxetine protects hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury through decreases of glial activation and oxidative stress. J Neurol Sci 2016; 370:229-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang W, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Li F, Xin H. Effects of ophiopogonin B on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC‑7901 human gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4981-6. [PMID: 27121658 PMCID: PMC4878565 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonin B (OP-B) is a bioactive component of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, which is often used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of OP-B in gastric cancer. Cell Counting kit-8, flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, Hoechst staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detection, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were used to detect the biological function of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. The results demonstrated that high concentrations of OP-B (5, 10 and 20 μmol/l) exerted potent antiproliferative effects on SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, apoptotic rates were increased and cell morphology was altered following treatment with OP-B. In addition, OP-B-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was associated with loss of MMP and increased ROS generation. Western blotting indicated that treatment with OP-B increased the protein expression levels of caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein, whereas the expression levels of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 were decreased. These results suggest that OP-B may be considered a potential inhibitor of gastric cancer progression, and may be used as an alternative compound for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Ding Q, Yang D, Zhang W, Lu Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Li X, Zhou L, Wu Q, Pan W, Chen Y. Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of the polysaccharide TLH-3 from Tricholoma lobayense. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Gabriel NN, Qiang J, Ma XY, He J, Xu P, Liu K. Dietary Aloe vera improves plasma lipid profile, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities in GIFT-tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after Streptococcus iniae challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1321-1332. [PMID: 26109009 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of dietary Aloe vera on plasma lipid profile status, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities of GIFT-tilapia juveniles under Streptococcus iniae challenge. Five dietary groups were designed including a control and 100 % Aloe powder incorporated into a tilapia feed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %/kg feed, which were administered for 8 weeks. Fish fed dietary Aloe at 4 %/kg feed significantly reduced in total cholesterol, while triacylglycerol reduced (P < 0.05) in those fed 0.5, 2, and 4 % Aloe/kg feed compared to unsupplemented ones. High-density lipoprotein was significantly elevated in fish fed 0.5 and 1 % Aloe/kg feed compared to unsupplemented ones, and no significant changes (P > 0.05) were noted in low-density lipoprotein among test groups. Furthermore, high activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxide in liver tissues were observed in Aloe-supplemented fish compared to unsupplemented ones, before and after S. iniae challenge (7.7 × 10(6) CFU cells/mL). Variations were also noted in malondialdehyde activity throughout the trial, but no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between groups. Meanwhile, Aloe-supplemented fish reduced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) activities before and after challenge. Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis, dietary Aloe inclusion levels less than or equal to 1.88, 1.86, and 2.79 %/kg feed were determined to be suitable in improving plasma lipid profile status, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities in GIFT-tilapia in this study, respectively. Thus, A. vera extracts may be recommended as a tilapia feed supplement to enhance fish antioxidant and hepatoprotective capacities, especially during disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndakalimwe Naftal Gabriel
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Directorate of Aquaculture, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Hardap, Namibia.
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yu Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jie He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
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41
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Berberine and neurodegeneration: A review of literature. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:970-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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YIN H, CAI HZ, WANG SK, YANG LG, SUN GJ. Wheat peptides reduce oxidative stress and inhibit NO production through modulating μ-opioid receptor in a rat NSAID-induced stomach damage model. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Zhang WG, Liu XF, Meng KW, Hu SY. Puerarin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2752-8. [PMID: 25175767 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a predominant isoflavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Radix Puerariae, is considered to exhibit an antitumor effect. In the present study, the effects of puerarin on SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were investigated. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyante staining and morphological observation of nuclear changes by Hoechst staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored using rhodamine 123. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified using dichloro‑dihydro‑fluorescein diacetate. Polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated genes. The results revealed that high concentrations of puerarin (500, 1,000 and 1,500 µg/ml) significantly inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, apoptotic rates were increased and cell morphology was changed following puerarin treatment. Furthermore, puerarin‑induced apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells was associated with loss of MMP and generation of ROS. Puerarin treatment increased caspase‑3,8,9 and apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF) mRNA expression levels in SMMC‑7721 cells, while the phosphorylation levels of P38, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK1) and c-Jun N‑terminal kinase were also increased. Furthermore, caspase-9 and AIF protein expression was upregulated. In conclusion, puerarin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SMMC‑7721 cells via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway; however, the specific mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Tibolone Prevents Oxidation and Ameliorates Cholinergic Deficit Induced by Ozone Exposure in the Male Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1776-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Meredith GE, Rademacher DJ. MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease: an update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2014; 1:19-33. [PMID: 23275799 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-2011-11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the most widely used models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are those that employ toxins, especially 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Depending on the protocol used, MPTP yields large variations in nigral cell loss, striatal dopamine loss and behavioral deficits. Motor deficits do not fully replicate those seen in PD. Nonetheless, MPTP mouse models mimic many aspects of the disease and are therefore important tools for understanding PD. In this review, we will discuss the ability of MPTP mouse models to replicate the pathophysiology of PD, the mechanisms of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, strain differences in susceptibility to MPTP, and the models' roles in testing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E Meredith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA.
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46
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Ge Y, Wu F, Sun X, Xiang Z, Yang L, Huang S, Lu Z, Sun Y, Yu WF. Intrathecal infusion of hydrogen-rich normal saline attenuates neuropathic pain via inhibition of activation of spinal astrocytes and microglia in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97436. [PMID: 24857932 PMCID: PMC4032255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are key molecules that mediate neuropathic pain. Although hydrogen is an established antioxidant, its effect on chronic pain has not been characterized. This study was to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of hydrogen-rich normal saline induced analgesia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by L5 spinal nerve ligation (L5 SNL), intrathecal injection of hydrogen-rich normal saline relieved L5 SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Importantly, repeated administration of hydrogen-rich normal saline did not lead to tolerance. Preemptive treatment with hydrogen-rich normal saline prevented development of neuropathic pain behavior. Immunofluorochrome analysis revealed that hydrogen-rich normal saline treatment significantly attenuated L5 SNL-induced increase of 8-hydroxyguanosine immunoreactive cells in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. Western blot analysis of SDS/PAGE-fractionated tyrosine-nitrated proteins showed that L5 SNL led to increased expression of tyrosine-nitrated Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the spinal cord, and hydrogen-rich normal saline administration reversed the tyrosine-nitrated MnSOD overexpression. We also showed that the analgesic effect of hydrogen-rich normal saline was associated with decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia, attenuated expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Intrathecal injection of hydrogen-rich normal saline produced analgesic effect in neuropathic rat. Hydrogen-rich normal saline-induced analgesia in neuropathic rats is mediated by reducing the activation of spinal astrocytes and microglia, which is induced by overproduction of hydroxyl and peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, 309th Hospital of CPLA, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Neuroprotective effects of bikaverin on H2O2-induced oxidative stress mediated neuronal damage in SH-SY5Y cell line. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:973-85. [PMID: 24848007 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of free radicals and oxidative stress has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The use of free radical scavenging molecules for the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species is one of the strategies used in the clinical management of neurodegeneration. Fungal secondary metabolism is a rich source of novel molecules with potential bioactivity. In the current study, bikaverin was extracted from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and its structural characterization was carried out. Further, we explored the protective effects of bikaverin on oxidative stress and its anti-apoptotic mechanism to attenuate H2O2-induced neurotoxicity using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results elucidate that pretreatment of neurons with bikaverin attenuates the mitochondrial and plasma membrane damage induced by 100 µM H2O2 to 82 and 26% as evidenced by MTT and LDH assays. H2O2 induced depletion of antioxidant enzyme status was also replenished by bikaverin which was confirmed by Realtime Quantitative PCR analysis of SOD and CAT genes. Bikaverin pretreatment efficiently potentiated the H2O2-induced neuronal markers, such as BDNF, TH, and AADC expression, which orchestrate the neuronal damage of the cell. The H2O2-induced damage to cells, nuclear, and mitochondrial integrity was also restored by bikaverin. Bikaverin could be developed as a preventive agent against neurodegeneration and as an alternative to some of the toxic synthetic antioxidants.
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48
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Qiu S, Chen J, Chen X, Fan Q, Zhang C, Wang D, Li X, Chen X, Chen X, Liu C, Gao Z, Li H, Hu Y. Optimization of selenylation conditions for lycium barbarum polysaccharide based on antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Kang KA, Lee HC, Lee JJ, Hong MN, Park MJ, Lee YS, Choi HD, Kim N, Ko YG, Lee JS. Effects of combined radiofrequency radiation exposure on levels of reactive oxygen species in neuronal cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:265-276. [PMID: 24105709 PMCID: PMC3951078 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined RF radiation (837 MHz CDMA plus 1950 MHz WCDMA) signal on levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuronal cells. Exposure of the combined RF signal was conducted at specific absorption rate values of 2 W/kg of CDMA plus 2 W/kg of WCDMA for 2 h. Co-exposure to combined RF radiation with either H2O2 or menadione was also performed. The experimental exposure groups were incubator control, sham-exposed, combined RF radiation-exposed with or without either H2O2 or menadione groups. The intracellular ROS level was measured by flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Intracellular ROS levels were not consistently affected by combined RF radiation exposure alone in a time-dependent manner in U87, PC12 or SH-SY5Y cells. In neuronal cells exposed to combined RF radiation with either H2O2 or menadione, intracellular ROS levels showed no statically significant alteration compared with exposure to menadione or H2O2 alone. These findings indicate that neither combined RF radiation alone nor combined RF radiation with menadione or H2O2 influences the intracellular ROS level in neuronal cells such as U87, PC12 or SH-SY5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Research Center for Radio-senescence, and Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- Research Center for Radio-senescence, and Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Radio-senescence, and Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Hong
- Research Center for Radio-senescence, and Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Research Center for Radio-senescence, and Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Division of Life Science and Pharmaceuticals, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-808, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- EM Environment Research Team, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Research Center for Radio-senescence, and Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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50
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Rodrigues AF, Roecker R, Junges GM, de Lima DD, da Cruz JGP, Wyse ATS, Dal Magro DD. Hypoxanthine induces oxidative stress in kidney of rats: protective effect of vitamins E plus C and allopurinol. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:387-94. [PMID: 24578313 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effect of hypoxanthine on the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, as well as on thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), in the renal cortex and medulla of rats. Results showed that hypoxanthine, at a concentration of 10.0 μM, enhanced the activities of CAT and SOD in the renal cortex of 15-, 30- and 60-day-old rats, enhanced SOD activity in the renal medulla of 60-day-old rats and enhanced TBA-RS levels in the renal medulla of 30-day-old rats, as compared with controls. Furthermore, we also verified the influence of allopurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase), as well as of the antioxidants, trolox and ascorbic acid on the effects elicited by hypoxanthine on the parameters tested. Allopurinol and/or administration of antioxidants prevented most alterations caused by hypoxanthine in the oxidative stress parameters evaluated. Data suggest that hypoxanthine alters antioxidant defences and induces lipid peroxidation in the kidney of rats; however, in the presence of allopurinol and antioxidants, some of these alterations in oxidative stress were prevented. Our findings lend support to a potential therapeutic strategy for this condition, which may include the use of appropriate antioxidants for ameliorating the damage caused by hypoxanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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