1
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Moharir S, Akotkar L, Aswar U, Kumar D, Gawade B, Pal K, Rane R. Improved Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Deuterium-Reinforced Tricyclic Antidepressants Doxepin, Dosulepin, and Clomipramine in Animal Models. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:181-190. [PMID: 38172422 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Doxepin, dosulepin, and clomipramine are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) that act as serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. The metabolites formed by N-dealkylation of these tricyclic antidepressants contribute to overall poor pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Deuteration of the methyl groups at metabolically active sites has been reported to be a useful strategy for developing more selective and potent antidepressants. This isotopic deuteration can lead to better bioavailability and overall effectiveness. The objective is to study the effect of site-selective deuteration of TCAs on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile by comparison with their nondeuterated counterparts. METHODS In the current study, the pharmacokinetic profile and antidepressant behavior of deuterated TCAs were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), using male Wistar rats and male Swiss albino mice, respectively; additionally, a synaptosomal reuptake study was carried out. RESULTS Compared with the nondeuterated parent drugs, deuterated forms showed improved efficacy in the behavior paradigm, indicating improved pharmacological activity. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated increased maximum concentration in the plasma (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in deuterated compounds. This can have a positive clinical impact on antidepressant treatment. Synaptosomal reuptake studies indicated marked inhibition of the reuptake mechanism of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine. CONCLUSIONS Deuterated TCAs can prove to be potentially better molecules in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders as compared with nondeuterated compounds. In addition, we have demonstrated a concept that metabolically active, site-selective deuteration can be beneficial for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of TCAs. A further toxicological study of these compounds is needed to validate their future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyash Moharir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Bapu Gawade
- Cleanchem Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Kopar-Khairane, Navi Mumbai, 400710, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rajesh Rane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India.
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2
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Holmes S, Jain P, Rodriguez KG, Williams J, Yu Z, Cerda-Smith C, Samuel ELG, Campbell J, Hakenjos JM, Monsivais D, Li F, Chamakuri S, Matzuk MM, Santini C, MacKenzie KR, Young DW. Chemical Catalysis Guides Structural Identification for the Major In Vivo Metabolite of the BET Inhibitor JQ1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:107-115. [PMID: 38229743 PMCID: PMC10788937 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 is a highly validated chemical probe; however, it exhibits poor in vivo pharmacokinetics. To guide efforts toward improving its pharmacological properties, we identified the (+)-JQ1 primary metabolite using chemical catalysis methods. Treatment of (+)-JQ1 with tetrabutylammonium decatungstate under photochemical conditions resulted in selective formation of an aldehyde at the 2-position of the thiophene ring [(+)-JQ1-CHO], which was further reduced to the 2-hydroxymethyl analog [(+)-JQ1-OH]. Comparative LC/MS analysis of (+)-JQ1-OH to the product obtained from liver microsomes suggested (+)-JQ1-OH as the major metabolite of (+)-JQ1. The 2-thienyl position was then substituted to generate a trideuterated (-CD3, (+)-JQ1-D) analog having half-lives that were 1.8- and 2.8-fold longer in mouse and human liver microsomes, respectively. This result unambiguously confirmed (+)-JQ1-OH as the major metabolite of (+)-JQ1. These studies demonstrate an efficient process for studying drug metabolism and identifying the metabolic soft spots of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secondra Holmes
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Prashi Jain
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kenneth Guzman Rodriguez
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jade Williams
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Christian Cerda-Smith
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Errol L. G. Samuel
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - James Campbell
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - John Michael Hakenjos
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Conrad Santini
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin R. MacKenzie
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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3
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Xie F, Sun W, Hartwig B, Obenchain DA, Schnell M. Hydrogen-Atom Tunneling in a Homochiral Environment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308273. [PMID: 37467465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The role-exchanging concerted torsional motion of two hydrogen atoms in the homochiral dimer of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol was characterized through a combination of broadband rotational spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. The results reveal that the concerted tunneling motion of the hydrogen atoms leads to the inversion of the sign of the dipole moment components along the a and b principal axes, due to the interchange motion that cooperatively breaks and reforms one intermolecular hydrogen bond. This motion is also coupled with two acceptor switching motions. The energy difference between the two ground vibrational states arising from this tunneling motion was determined to be 29.003(2) MHz. The corresponding wavefunctions suggest that the two hydrogen atoms are evenly delocalized on two equivalent potential wells, which differs from the heterochiral case where the hydrogen atoms are confined in separate wells, as the permutation-inversion symmetry breaks down. This intriguing contrast in hydrogen-atom behavior between homochiral and heterochiral environments could further illuminate our understanding of the role of chirality in intermolecular interactions and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wenhao Sun
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beppo Hartwig
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel A Obenchain
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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4
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Brotin T, Daugey N, Kapitan J, Vanthuyne N, Jean M, Jeanneau E, Buffeteau T. Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of a Chiral Isotopologue of syn-Cryptophane-B. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4829-4832. [PMID: 36940313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and absolute configuration (AC) of a chiral isotopologue of syn-cryptophane-B. Low chiral signatures were measured by polarimetry and electronic circular dichroism, whereas most significant chiroptical effects were observed by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA). The comparison of experimental VCD and ROA spectra with those predicted by DFT calculations allows the determination of the AC of the two enantiomers as (-)589-MP-syn-2 and (+)589-PM-syn-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- ENSL, UMR 5182-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Daugey
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Josef Kapitan
- Department of Optics, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon Université de Lyon 1, 5 rue la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
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5
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Li X, Li Y, Wang Z, Shan W, Liu R, Shi C, Qin H, Yuan L, Li X, Shi D. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cascade C–F Functionalizations of gem-Difluoroalkenes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Leifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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6
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Linford-Wood TG, Mahon MF, Grayson MN, Webster RL. Iron-Catalyzed H/D Exchange of Primary Silanes, Secondary Silanes, and Tertiary Siloxanes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2979-2985. [PMID: 35433105 PMCID: PMC9007460 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A synthetic
study into the catalytic hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange
of 1° silanes, 2° silanes, and 3° siloxanes is presented,
facilitated by iron-β-diketiminato complexes (1a and 1b). Near-complete H/D exchange is observed for
a variety of aryl- and alkyl-containing hydrosilanes and hydrosiloxanes.
The reaction tolerates alternative hydride source pinacolborane (HBpin),
with quantitative H/D exchange. A synthetic and density functional
theory (DFT) investigation suggests that a monomeric iron-deuteride
is responsible for the H/D exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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7
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Marriott AS, Boyd AM, Quirk E, Chadwick J. A chemometric model for the quantitative determination of isotopic impurities in d 3-methylamine hydrochloride by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114337. [PMID: 34474232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Deuterated drug molecules are of increasing interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to their capacity to slow metabolism and the potential for improved pharmacokinetics or improved pharmacodynamics they may offer over their non-deuterated counterparts. The desired level of deuteration or isotopic purity is a critical quality attribute for these compounds that can be essential for drug efficacy or patient safety. Deuterated reagents are often used to introduce a deuterated moiety into the drug substance; as such, isotopic impurities in these deuterated input materials need to be tightly controlled. A novel Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method was developed and evaluated as a fast and straightforward technique to quantify low-level isotopic impurities in the deuterated reagent d3-methylamine hydrochloride. Using data acquired through LC-MS analysis, the resulting chemometric model was validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines achieving limits of quantitation of 0.31, 0.31, and 0.34 wt% for d0-, d1- and d2-methylamine hydrochloride impurities respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Marriott
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair M Boyd
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Quirk
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - James Chadwick
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, United Kingdom.
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8
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Klenner MA, Pascali G, Fraser BH, Darwish TA. Kinetic isotope effects and synthetic strategies for deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labelled PET radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:112-147. [PMID: 33892374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The deuterium labelling of pharmaceuticals is a useful strategy for altering pharmacokinetic properties, particularly for improving metabolic resistance. The pharmacological effects of such metabolites are often assumed to be negligible during standard drug discovery and are factored in later at the clinical phases of development, where the risks and benefits of the treatment and side-effects can be wholly assessed. This paradigm does not translate to the discovery of radiopharmaceuticals, however, as the confounding effects of radiometabolites can inevitably show in preliminary positron emission tomography (PET) scans and thus complicate interpretation. Consequently, the formation of radiometabolites is crucial to take into consideration, compared to non-radioactive metabolites, and the application of deuterium labelling is a particularly attractive approach to minimise radiometabolite formation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals employed in PET imaging experiments. Specifically, we explore six categories of deuterated radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate the activities of monoamine oxygenase (MAO), choline, translocator protein (TSPO), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), neurotransmission and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; from which we derive four prominent deuteration strategies giving rise to a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for reducing the rate of metabolism. Synthetic approaches for over thirty of these deuterated radiopharmaceuticals are discussed from the perspective of deuterium and radioisotope incorporation, alongside an evaluation of the deuterium labelling and radiolabelling efficacies across these independent studies. Clinical and manufacturing implications are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive overview of how deuterated radiopharmaceuticals may be introduced to routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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9
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Chessari G, Hardcastle IR, Ahn JS, Anil B, Anscombe E, Bawn RH, Bevan LD, Blackburn TJ, Buck I, Cano C, Carbain B, Castro J, Cons B, Cully SJ, Endicott JA, Fazal L, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Harnor SJ, Hearn K, Hobson S, Holvey RS, Howard S, Jennings CE, Johnson CN, Lunec J, Miller DC, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Reeks J, Revill CH, Riedinger C, St Denis JD, Tamanini E, Thomas H, Thompson NT, Vinković M, Wedge SR, Williams PA, Wilsher NE, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Structure-Based Design of Potent and Orally Active Isoindolinone Inhibitors of MDM2-p53 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4071-4088. [PMID: 33761253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 protein-protein interaction with small molecules has been shown to reactivate p53 and inhibit tumor growth. Here, we describe rational, structure-guided, design of novel isoindolinone-based MDM2 inhibitors. MDM2 X-ray crystallography, quantum mechanics ligand-based design, and metabolite identification all contributed toward the discovery of potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction with representative compounds inducing cytostasis in an SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model following once-daily oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Chessari
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jong Sook Ahn
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Burcu Anil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Anscombe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Ruth H Bawn
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Luke D Bevan
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Timothy J Blackburn
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ildiko Buck
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Celine Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Juan Castro
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Ben Cons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sarah J Cully
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Lynsey Fazal
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Karen Haggerty
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Keisha Hearn
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Stephen Hobson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Rhian S Holvey
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Steven Howard
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Claire E Jennings
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Christopher N Johnson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - John Lunec
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - David R Newell
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Judith Reeks
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Charlotte H Revill
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Christiane Riedinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jeffrey D St Denis
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Emiliano Tamanini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Huw Thomas
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Neil T Thompson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Mladen Vinković
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Stephen R Wedge
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Pamela A Williams
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Nicola E Wilsher
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Bian Zhang
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Yan Zhao
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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10
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Tian L, Qiang T, Liang C, Ren X, Jia M, Zhang J, Li J, Wan M, YuWen X, Li H, Cao W, Liu H. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors: The current landscape and repurposing for the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113201. [PMID: 33524687 PMCID: PMC7826122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread nature of several viruses is greatly credited to their rapidly altering RNA genomes that enable the infection to persist despite challenges presented by host cells. Within the RNA genome of infections is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is an essential enzyme that helps in RNA synthesis by catalysing the RNA template-dependent development of phosphodiester bonds. Therefore, RdRp is an important therapeutic target in RNA virus-caused diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we describe the promising RdRp inhibitors that have been launched or are currently in clinical studies for the treatment of RNA virus infections. Structurally, nucleoside inhibitors (NIs) bind to the RdRp protein at the enzyme active site, and nonnucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) bind to the RdRp protein at allosteric sites. By reviewing these inhibitors, more precise guidelines for the development of more promising anti-RNA virus drugs should be set, and due to the current health emergency, they will eventually be used for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Taotao Qiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
| | - Minyi Jia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Jiayun Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Minge Wan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Business & Commerce, Xi'an, 712046, PR China
| | - Xin YuWen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, 519030, PR China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, 519030, PR China.
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11
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Minoshima W, Masui K, Tani T, Nawa Y, Fujita S, Ishitobi H, Hosokawa C, Inouye Y. Deuterated Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Activity on Micro-Electrode Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090830. [PMID: 32878218 PMCID: PMC7569784 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by glutamate in neuronal networks of the mammalian brain. In addition to the synaptic glutamate, extra-synaptic glutamate is known to modulate the neuronal activity. In neuronal networks, glutamate uptake is an important role of neurons and glial cells for lowering the concentration of extracellular glutamate and to avoid the excitotoxicity by glutamate. Monitoring the spatial distribution of intracellular glutamate is important to study the uptake of glutamate, but the approach has been hampered by the absence of appropriate glutamate analogs that report the localization of glutamate. Deuterium-labeled glutamate (GLU-D) is a promising tracer for monitoring the intracellular concentration of glutamate, but physiological properties of GLU-D have not been studied. Here we study the effects of extracellular GLU-D for the neuronal activity by using primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons that form neuronal networks on microelectrodes array. The frequency of firing in the spontaneous activity of neurons increased with the increasing concentration of extracellular GLU-D. The frequency of synchronized burst activity in neurons increased similarly as we observed in the spontaneous activity. These changes of the neuronal activity with extracellular GLU-D were suppressed by antagonists of glutamate receptors. These results suggest that GLU-D can be used as an analog of glutamate with equivalent effects for facilitating the neuronal activity. We anticipate GLU-D developing as a promising analog of glutamate for studying the dynamics of glutamate during neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Minoshima
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masui
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tani
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-0026, Japan;
| | - Yasunori Nawa
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-0026, Japan;
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ishitobi
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chie Hosokawa
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (Y.I.); Tel.: +81-6-6605-3700 (C.H.); +81-6-6879-4615 (Y.I.)
| | - Yasushi Inouye
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (Y.I.); Tel.: +81-6-6605-3700 (C.H.); +81-6-6879-4615 (Y.I.)
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12
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Demidov VV. Site-specifically deuterated essential lipids as new drugs against neuronal, retinal and vascular degeneration. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Shchepinov MS. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deuteration against Neurodegeneration. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:236-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Rowbotham JS, Ramirez MA, Lenz O, Reeve HA, Vincent KA. Bringing biocatalytic deuteration into the toolbox of asymmetric isotopic labelling techniques. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1454. [PMID: 32193396 PMCID: PMC7081218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes dependent on nicotinamide cofactors are important components of the expanding range of asymmetric synthetic techniques. New challenges in asymmetric catalysis are arising in the field of deuterium labelling, where compounds bearing deuterium (2H) atoms at chiral centres are becoming increasingly desirable targets for pharmaceutical and analytical chemists. However, utilisation of NADH-dependent enzymes for 2H-labelling is not straightforward, owing to difficulties in supplying a suitably isotopically-labelled cofactor ([4-2H]-NADH). Here we report on a strategy that combines a clean reductant (H2) with a cheap source of 2H-atoms (2H2O) to generate and recycle [4-2H]-NADH. By coupling [4-2H]-NADH-recycling to an array of C=O, C=N, and C=C bond reductases, we demonstrate asymmetric deuteration across a range of organic molecules under ambient conditions with near-perfect chemo-, stereo- and isotopic selectivity. We demonstrate the synthetic utility of the system by applying it in the isolation of the heavy drug (1S,3'R)-[2',2',3'-2H3]-solifenacin fumarate on a preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Rowbotham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M A Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - O Lenz
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - H A Reeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - K A Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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15
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Song Z, Zeng J, Li T, Zhao X, Fang J, Meng L, Wan Q. Water Compatible Hypophosphites- d2 Reagents: Deuteration Reaction via Deutero-deiodination in Aqueous Solution. Org Lett 2020; 22:1736-1741. [PMID: 32083886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to conventional deuteration approaches which typically entail deuterated solvents and/or moisture exclusion, an unprecedented deutero-deiodination reaction attainable in aqueous (H2O) solution is presented herein. By utilizing the stability of inorganic deuterated calcium/sodium hypophosphites against wayward H/D isotopic exchange within pH 2.5-11.7, these shelf-stable, nontoxic, cost-effective, and environmentally benign deuteration reagents mediate deuteration of a broad range alkyl and aryl iodides with ample isotopic incorporation in aqueous (H2O) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
| | - Ting Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. of China
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16
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Xia A, Xie X, Hu X, Xu W, Liu Y. Dehalogenative Deuteration of Unactivated Alkyl Halides Using D 2O as the Deuterium Source. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13841-13857. [PMID: 31566377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The general dehalogenation of alkyl halides with zinc using D2O or H2O as a deuterium or hydrogen donor has been developed. The method provides an efficient and economic protocol for deuterium-labeled derivatives with a wide substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical process is involved for the formation of organozinc intermediates. The facile hydrolysis of the organozinc intermediates provides the driving force for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Taniguchi Y, Cao X, Sasaki S. Synthesis of the deuterated thymidine-d and deuterated oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Zhang K, Toki H, Fujita Y, Ma M, Chang L, Qu Y, Harada S, Nemoto T, Mizuno-Yasuhira A, Yamaguchi JI, Chaki S, Hashimoto K. Lack of deuterium isotope effects in the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a chronic social defeat stress model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3177-3185. [PMID: 30215218 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exhibits rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects and anti-suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant patients with depression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine are unknown. Although the previous report demonstrated the deuterium isotope effects in the antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine, the deuterium isotope effects in the antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine, which is more potent than (S)-ketamine, are unknown. METHODS We examined whether deuterium substitution at the C6 position could affect antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies showed that levels of (2R,6R)-d1-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-d1-HNK], a final metabolite of (R)-d2-ketamine, in the plasma and brain after administration of (R)-d2-ketamine (10 mg/kg) were lower than those of (2R,6R)-HNK from (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg), indicating deuterium isotope effects in the production of (2R,6R)-HNK. In contrast, levels of (R)-ketamine and its metabolite (R)-norketamine in the plasma and brain were the same for both compounds. In a CSDS model, both (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg) and (R)-d2-ketamine (10 mg/kg) showed rapid and long-lasting (7 days) antidepressant effects, indicating no deuterium isotope effect in the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that deuterium substitution of hydrogen at the C6 position slows the metabolism from (R)-ketamine to (2R,6R)-HNK in mice. In contrast, we did not find the deuterium isotope effects in terms of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a CSDS model. Therefore, it is unlikely that (2R,6R)-HNK is essential for antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hidetoh Toki
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Min Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeyuki Chaki
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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19
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Synthesis of deuterium-enriched sorafenib derivatives and evaluation of their biological activities. Mol Divers 2018; 23:341-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Krishnakumar V, Gunanathan C. Ruthenium-catalyzed selective α-deuteration of aliphatic nitriles using D 2O. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8705-8708. [PMID: 30022195 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03971b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Selective catalytic α-deuteration of aliphatic nitriles using deuterium oxide as a deuterium source is reported. A PNP-ruthenium pincer complex catalyzed the α-deuteration of aliphatic nitriles including acetonitrile. Efficient deuteration occurred with a low catalyst load (0.2 to 0.5 mol%) and under mild conditions. A [2+2] cycloadduct formation from nitrile functionality and a deprotonated catalytic intermediate, followed by an imine-enamine tautomerization and a H/D exchange between the enamine intermediate and deuterium oxide leading to the selective deuteration at the α-position of the nitrile, is proposed as a plausible reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadhan Krishnakumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Khurda-752050, India.
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Khurda-752050, India.
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21
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Flinker M, Yin H, Juhl RW, Eikeland EZ, Overgaard J, Nielsen DU, Skrydstrup T. Efficient Water Reduction with sp3
-sp3
Diboron(4) Compounds: Application to Hydrogenations, H-D Exchange Reactions, and Carbonyl Reductions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Flinker
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Hongfei Yin
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - René W. Juhl
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Espen Z. Eikeland
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Dennis U. Nielsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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22
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Flinker M, Yin H, Juhl RW, Eikeland EZ, Overgaard J, Nielsen DU, Skrydstrup T. Efficient Water Reduction with sp3
-sp3
Diboron(4) Compounds: Application to Hydrogenations, H-D Exchange Reactions, and Carbonyl Reductions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15910-15915. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Flinker
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Hongfei Yin
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - René W. Juhl
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Espen Z. Eikeland
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Dennis U. Nielsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Center for Materials Crystallography (CMC); Department of Chemistry and the; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Citrome L. Deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Int J Clin Pract 2017; 71. [PMID: 29024264 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deutetrabenazine is a deuterated formulation of tetrabenazine. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the efficacy, tolerability and safety of deutetrabenazine for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD). DATA SOURCES The pivotal registration trials were accessed by querying http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, for the search terms 'deutetrabenazine' OR 'SD-809', and by also querying the EMBASE (Elsevier) commercial database for clinical poster abstracts, and by asking the manufacturer for copies of posters presented at congresses. Product labelling provided additional information. STUDY SELECTION All available clinical reports of studies were identified. DATA EXTRACTION Descriptions of the principal results and calculation of number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) for relevant dichotomous outcomes were extracted from the available study reports and other sources of information. DATA SYNTHESIS Deutetrabenazine, a reversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2), received approval for the treatment of TD in adults based on a clinical trial development programme that included two 12-week parallel group, randomised and placebo-controlled studies. Deutetrabenazine dose is determined individually for each patient based on reduction of TD and tolerability. The recommended starting dose of deutetrabenazine for TD is 6 mg BID, administered with food, and can be increased at weekly intervals in increments of 6 mg/day to a maximum recommended daily dosage of 24 mg BID. The percentage of responders in the fixed-dose Phase III acute study, as defined by a rating of "much improved" or "very much improved" on the clinical global impression of change, was 46% for deutetrabenazine (pooled dose groups 12 and 18 mg BID) vs 26% for placebo, yielding a NNT of 5 (95% CI 3-19); the percentage of responders as defined by an improvement in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) severity score (sum of items 1-7) of 50% or more, was 34% for deutetrabenazine (pooled dose groups 12 and 18 mg BID) vs 12% for placebo, yielding a NNT of 5 (95% CI 3-11). Pooling the data across both short-term studies, NNT for AIMS response for the therapeutic doses of deutetrabenazine vs placebo was 7 (95% CI 4-18). Discontinuation because of an adverse event occurred among 3.6% of patients randomised to deutetrabenazine (any dose) vs 3.1% for placebo, yielding a NNH of 189 (not significant). The Likelihood to be Helped or Harmed comparing success (AIMS response) vs discontinuation because of an adverse event is 27. The most common adverse reactions (that occurred in ≥4% of deutetrabenazine-treated patients with TD and greater than placebo) were nasopharyngitis and insomnia, with NNH values of 50 (not significant) and 34 (95% CI 18-725), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Deutetrabenazine is the second FDA-approved agent specifically indicated for the treatment of TD. Head-to-head comparisons with other VMAT2 inhibitors among patients with TD in the "real world" are needed.
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) research provides many opportunities for the application of kinetic isotope effect (KIE) strategies. P450s collectively catalyze oxidations of more substrates than any other group of enzymes, and CH bond cleavage is a major feature in a large fraction of these reactions. The presence of a significant primary deuterium KIE is evidence that hydrogen abstraction is at least partially rate-limiting in the reactions, and this appears to be the case in many P450 reactions. The first report of a KIE in (P450-linked) drug metabolism appeared in 1961 (for morphine N-demethylation), and in a number of cases, it has been possible to modulate the in vivo metabolism or toxicity of chemicals by deuterium substitution. A number of efforts are in progress to utilize deuterium substitution to alter the metabolism of drugs in an advantageous manner.
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Simmons BJ, Hoffmann M, Hwang J, Jackl MK, Garg NK. Nickel-Catalyzed Reduction of Secondary and Tertiary Amides. Org Lett 2017; 19:1910-1913. [PMID: 28339212 PMCID: PMC5476940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nickel-catalyzed reduction of secondary and tertiary amides to give amine products is reported. The transformation is tolerant of extensive variation with respect to the amide substrate, proceeds in the presence of esters and epimerizable stereocenters, and can be used to achieve the reduction of lactams. Moreover, this methodology provides a simple tactic for accessing medicinally relevant α-deuterated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Marie Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jaeyeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Moritz K. Jackl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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26
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Ye N, Smith DA, Reid JG, Watson DR, Daga P, Gottschling SE, Duggan M, Bürli RW. An efficient and scalable process to produce morpholine-d 8. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1266502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naidong Ye
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - J. Gregory Reid
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Daga
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark Duggan
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland W. Bürli
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Liu Z, Wang P, Chen H, Wold EA, Tian B, Brasier AR, Zhou J. Drug Discovery Targeting Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4533-4558. [PMID: 28195723 PMCID: PMC5464988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
BRD4,
the most extensively studied member of the BET family, is
an epigenetic regulator that localizes to DNA via binding to acetylated
histones and controls the expression of therapeutically important
gene regulatory networks through the recruitment of transcription
factors to form mediator complexes, phosphorylating RNA polymerase
II, and by its intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. Disrupting
the protein–protein interactions between BRD4 and acetyl-lysine
has been shown to effectively block cell proliferation in cancer,
cytokine production in acute inflammation, and so forth. To date,
significant efforts have been devoted to the development of BRD4 inhibitors,
and consequently, a dozen have progressed to human clinical trials.
Herein, we summarize the advances in drug discovery and development
of BRD4 inhibitors by focusing on their chemotypes, in vitro and in
vivo activity, selectivity, relevant mechanisms of action, and therapeutic
potential. Opportunities and challenges to achieve selective and efficacious
BRD4 inhibitors as a viable therapeutic strategy for human diseases
are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bing Tian
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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28
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Chatterjee B, Krishnakumar V, Gunanathan C. Selective α-Deuteration of Amines and Amino Acids Using D 2O. Org Lett 2016; 18:5892-5895. [PMID: 27805814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monohydrido-bridged ruthenium complex [{(η6-p-cymene)RuCl}2(μ-H-μ-Cl)] catalyzes (catalyst load: 0.5-1 mol %) α-selective deuteration of primary and secondary amines, amino acids, and drug molecules using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a deuterium source. Mechanistic investigations revealed N-H activation of amines, which was also established by single-crystal X-ray analysis of an intermediate. β-Hydride elimination on amide ligand results in formation of imine-ligated ruthenium intermediate and subsequent 1,3-deuteride migrations to imine ligand leading to the selective deuteration at the α-CH2 protons of amine functionality is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basujit Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - Varadhan Krishnakumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
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29
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D'yakonov VA, Tuktarova RA, Ishmukhametova SR, Dzhemilev UM. The facile first total synthesis of a deuterated analog of natural muricadienin. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Achar TK, Maiti S, Mal P. PIDA–I2 mediated direct vicinal difunctionalization of olefins: iodoazidation, iodoetherification and iodoacyloxylation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4654-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00532b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
I+ (IOAc) was produced from the combination of phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA) and iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Achar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar
- District Khurda
- India
| | - Saikat Maiti
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar
- District Khurda
- India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar
- District Khurda
- India
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31
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Kumar S, Cruz-Hernández C, Pal S, Saunthwal RK, Patel M, Tiwari RK, Juaristi E, Verma AK. Tandem Approach to Benzothieno- and Benzofuropyridines from o-Alkynyl Aldehydes via Silver-Catalyzed 6-endo-dig Ring Closure. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10548-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000, Mexico
| | - Shilpi Pal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Saunthwal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Chapman
University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000, Mexico
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- School
of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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32
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Uttamsingh V, Gallegos R, Liu JF, Harbeson SL, Bridson GW, Cheng C, Wells DS, Graham PB, Zelle R, Tung R. Altering metabolic profiles of drugs by precision deuteration: reducing mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2D6 by paroxetine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:43-54. [PMID: 25943764 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective deuterium substitution as a means of ameliorating clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions is demonstrated in this study. Carbon-deuterium bonds are more stable than corresponding carbon-hydrogen bonds. Using a precision deuteration platform, the two hydrogen atoms at the methylenedioxy carbon of paroxetine were substituted with deuterium. The new chemical entity, CTP-347 [(3S,4R)-3-((2,2-dideuterobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)methyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine], demonstrated similar selectivity for the serotonin receptor, as well as similar neurotransmitter uptake inhibition in an in vitro rat synaptosome model, as unmodified paroxetine. However, human liver microsomes cleared CTP-347 faster than paroxetine as a result of decreased inactivation of CYP2D6. In phase 1 studies, CTP-347 was metabolized more rapidly in humans and exhibited a lower pharmacokinetic accumulation index than paroxetine. These alterations in the metabolism profile resulted in significantly reduced drug-drug interactions between CTP-347 and two other CYP2D6-metabolized drugs: tamoxifen (in vitro) and dextromethorphan (in humans). Our results show that precision deuteration can improve the metabolism profiles of existing pharmacotherapies without affecting their intrinsic pharmacologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie F Liu
- Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Changfu Cheng
- Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - David S Wells
- Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert Zelle
- Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - Roger Tung
- Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
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33
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Zhan M, Xu R, Tian Y, Jiang H, Zhao L, Xie Y, Chen Y. A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for the Regioselective Deuteration of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Strong KL, Jing Y, Prosser AR, Traynelis SF, Liotta DC. NMDA receptor modulators: an updated patent review (2013-2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:1349-66. [PMID: 25351527 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.972938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The NMDA receptor mediates a slow component of excitatory synaptic transmission, and NMDA receptor dysfunction has been implicated in numerous neurological disorders. Thus, interest in developing modulators that are capable of regulating the channel continues to be strong. Recent research has led to the discovery of a number of compounds that hold therapeutic and clinical value. Deeper insight into the NMDA intersubunit interactions and structural motifs gleaned from the recently solved crystal structures of the NMDA receptor should facilitate a deeper understanding of how these compounds modulate the receptor. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the known pharmacology of NMDA receptors. A discussion of the patent literature since 2012 is also included, with an emphasis on those that claimed new chemical entities as regulators of the NMDA receptor. EXPERT OPINION The number of patents involving novel NMDA receptor modulators suggests a renewed interest in the NMDA receptor as a therapeutic target. Subunit-selective modulators continue to show promise, and the development of new subunit-selective NMDA receptor modulators appears poised for continued growth. Although a modest number of channel blocker patents were published, successful clinical outcomes involving ketamine have led to a resurgent interest in low-affinity channel blockers as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Strong
- Emory University, Department of Chemistry , 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA
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35
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Zhan M, Jiang H, Pang X, Zhang T, Xu R, Zhao L, Liu Y, Gong Y, Chen Y. A convenient method for the Ru(0)-catalyzed regioselective deuteration of N-alkyl-substituted anilines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Zhan M, Zhang T, Huang H, Xie Y, Chen Y. A simple method for α-position deuterated carbonyl compounds with pyrrolidine as catalyst. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:533-9. [PMID: 24995906 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective method for deuteration of carbonyl compounds employing pyrrolidine as catalyst and D2O as deuterium source was described. High degree of deuterium incorporation (up to 99%) and extensive functional group tolerance were achieved. It is the first time that secondary amines are used as catalysts for H/D exchange of carbonyl compounds, which also allow the deuteration of complex pharmaceutically interesting substrates. A possible catalytic mechanism, based on the hydrolysis of 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene, for this pyrrolidine-catalyzed H/D exchange reaction has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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37
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Modvig A, Andersen TL, Taaning RH, Lindhardt AT, Skrydstrup T. Two-Chamber Hydrogen Generation and Application: Access to Pressurized Deuterium Gas. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5861-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500801t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Modvig
- The
Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry
and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andersen
- The
Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry
and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rolf H. Taaning
- The
Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry
and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Department
of Engineering and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- The
Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry
and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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38
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Meanwell NA. The Influence of Bioisosteres in Drug Design: Tactical Applications to Address Developability Problems. TACTICS IN CONTEMPORARY DRUG DESIGN 2014; 9. [PMCID: PMC7416817 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of bioisosteres in drug discovery is a well-established design concept that has demonstrated utility as an approach to solving a range of problems that affect candidate optimization, progression, and durability. In this chapter, the application of isosteric substitution is explored in a fashion that focuses on the development of practical solutions to problems that are encountered in typical optimization campaigns. The role of bioisosteres to affect intrinsic potency and selectivity, influence conformation, solve problems associated with drug developability, including P-glycoprotein recognition, modulating basicity, solubility, and lipophilicity, and to address issues associated with metabolism and toxicity is used as the underlying theme to capture a spectrum of creative applications of structural emulation in the design of drug candidates.
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39
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Sajiki H. Development of deuterium labeling method based on the heterogeneous platinum group metal-catalyzed C-H activation. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:1177-93. [PMID: 24189559 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium (D) labeled compounds are utilized in various scientific fields such as mechanistic elucidation of reactions, preparation of new functional materials, tracers for microanalysis, deuterium labeled heavy drugs and so on. Although the H-D exchange reaction is a straightforward method to produce deuterated organic compounds, many precedent methods require expensive deuterium gas and/or harsh reaction conditions. A part of our leading research agendas is intended to the development of novel and functional heterogeneous platinum-group catalysts and the reclamation of unknown functionalities of existing heterogeneous platinum-group catalysts. During the course of the study, benzylic positions of substrates were site-selectively deuterated under mild and palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C)-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions in heavy water (D2O). Heat conditions promoted the H-D exchange reactivity and facilitated the H-D exchange reaction at not only the benzylic sites but also inactive C-H bonds and heterocyclic nuclei. It is noteworthy that platinum-on-carbon (Pt/C) indicated a quite high affinity toward aromatic nuclei, and the H-D exchange reaction was strongly enhanced by the use of Pt/C as a catalyst under milder conditions. The mixed use of Pd/C and Pt/C was found to be more efficient in the H-D exchange reaction compared to the independent use of Pd/C or Pt/C. Furthermore, simple alkanes could also be efficiently deuterated under rhodium-on-carbon (Rh/C)-catalyzed conditions. The use of ruthenium-on-carbon (Ru/C) enabled the regiospecific and efficient deuterium incorporation at α-positions of alcohols and results were applied as a regio- and stereoselective multi-deuteration method of sugar derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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40
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Wagh SJ, Chowdhury R, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh SK. A facile synthesis of 5,5-dideutero-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silyl-6-undecyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one as a deuterium labeled synthon for (−)-tetrahydrolipstatin and (+)-δ-hexadecanolide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:649-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip J. Wagh
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Raghunath Chowdhury
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Sulekha Mukhopadhyay
- Chemical Engineering Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Sunil K. Ghosh
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
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41
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Korsager S, Taaning RH, Lindhardt AT, Skrydstrup T. Reductive Carbonylation of Aryl Halides Employing a Two-Chamber Reactor: A Protocol for the Synthesis of Aryl Aldehydes Including 13C- and D-Isotope Labeling. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6112-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400741t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Korsager
- Center for
Insoluble Protein Structures (InSPIN), the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Rolf H. Taaning
- Center for
Insoluble Protein Structures (InSPIN), the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Center for
Insoluble Protein Structures (InSPIN), the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for
Insoluble Protein Structures (InSPIN), the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
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42
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Sawama Y, Yamada T, Yabe Y, Morita K, Shibata K, Shigetsura M, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Platinum on Carbon-Catalyzed H-D Exchange Reaction of Aromatic Nuclei due to Isopropyl Alcohol-Mediated Self- Activation of Platinum Metal in Deuterium Oxide. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Yabe Y, Sawama Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Site-Selective Deuterated-Alkene Synthesis with Palladium on Boron Nitride. Chemistry 2012; 19:484-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Sawama Y, Yabe Y, Iwata H, Fujiwara Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Stereo- and Regioselective Direct Multi-Deuterium-Labeling Methods for Sugars. Chemistry 2012; 18:16436-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Santangelo RM, Acker TM, Zimmerman SS, Katzman BM, Strong KL, Traynelis SF, Liotta DC. Novel NMDA receptor modulators: an update. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:1337-52. [PMID: 23009122 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.728587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The NMDA receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that plays a critical role in higher level brain processes and has been implicated in a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Although initial studies for the use of NMDA receptor antagonists in neuroprotection were unsuccessful, more recently, NMDA receptor antagonists have shown clinical promise in other indications such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, pain and depression. Based on the clinical observations and more recent insights into receptor pharmacology, new modulatory approaches are beginning to emerge, with potential therapeutic benefit. AREAS COVERED The article covers the known pharmacology and important features regarding NMDA receptors and their function. A discussion of pre-clinical and clinical relevance is included, as well. The subsequent patent literature review highlights the current state of the art targeting the receptor since the last review in 2010. EXPERT OPINION The complex nature of the NMDA receptor structure and function is becoming better understood. As knowledge about this receptor increases, it opens up new opportunities for targeting the receptor for many therapeutic indications. New strategies and advances in older technologies will need to be further developed before clinical success can be achieved. First-in-class potentiators and subunit-selective agents form the basis for most new strategies, complemented by efforts to limit off-target liability and fine-tune on-target properties.
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46
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Dash P, Janni M, Peruncheralathan S. Trideuteriomethoxylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Sharma R, Strelevitz TJ, Gao H, Clark AJ, Schildknegt K, Obach RS, Ripp SL, Spracklin DK, Tremaine LM, Vaz ADN. Deuterium Isotope Effects on Drug Pharmacokinetics. I. System-Dependent Effects of Specific Deuteration with Aldehyde Oxidase Cleared Drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:625-34. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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48
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Morgan AJ, Nguyen S, Uttamsingh V, Bridson G, Harbeson S, Tung R, Masse CE. Design and synthesis of deuterated boceprevir analogs with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary Bridson
- Concert Pharmaceuticals; Lexington; MA; 02421; USA
| | | | - Roger Tung
- Concert Pharmaceuticals; Lexington; MA; 02421; USA
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49
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Vanderheiden S, Bulat B, Zevaco T, Jung N, Bräse S. Solid phase synthesis of selectively deuterated arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9063-5. [PMID: 21755074 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12950c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel access to deuterated and D(3)CO-substituted arenes has been developed using immobilized triazenes as precursors. The linker system and the deuterating cleavage methodology could be shown to be compatible with various functional groups and are therefore suitable for the synthesis of derivatives only hardly available via comparable protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Vanderheiden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, KIT-Campus South, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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50
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Fujiwara Y, Iwata H, Sawama Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Method for regio-, chemo- and stereoselective deuterium labeling of sugars based on ruthenium-catalyzed C-H bond activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4977-9. [PMID: 20544123 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile deuterium labeling of sugars has been achieved in a completely regio-, chemo- and stereoselective manner using the Ru/C-H(2)-D(2)O combination via C-H bond activation assisted by the coordination of Ru to the oxygen atom of the sugar-hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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