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Dhatt PS, Chiu S, Moon TS. Microbial thermogenesis is dependent on ATP concentrations and the protein kinases ArcB, GlnL, and YccC. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002180. [PMID: 37862351 PMCID: PMC10619766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms necessarily release heat energy in their pursuit of survival. This process is known as cellular thermogenesis and is implicated in many processes from cancer metabolism to spontaneous farm fires. However, the molecular basis for this fundamental phenomenon is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the major players involved in the cellular thermogenesis of Escherichia coli are the protein kinases ArcB, GlnL, and YccC. We also reveal the substrate-level control of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven autophosphorylation that governs cellular thermogenesis. Specifically, through live cell microcalorimetry, we find these regulatory proteins, when knocked out in a model E. coli strain, dysregulate cellular thermogenesis. This dysregulation can be seen in an average 25% or greater increase in heat output by these cells. We also discover that both heat output and intracellular ATP levels are maximal during the late log phase of growth. Additionally, we show that microbial thermogenesis can be engineered through overexpressing glnL. Our results demonstrate a correlation between ATP concentrations in the cell and a cell's ability to generate excess heat. We expect this work to be the foundation for engineering thermogenically tuned organisms for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Singh Dhatt
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen Chiu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tae Seok Moon
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Haššo M, Švorc Ľ. Batch injection analysis in tandem with electrochemical detection: the recent trends and an overview of the latest applications (2015–2020). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022; 153:985-1000. [PMID: 35221380 PMCID: PMC8863510 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the proposed review is to refer the contemporary capability of automated analytical systems, in particular batch injection analysis (BIA) in connection with electrochemical detection, for widespread applications in analytical chemistry. This combination recently represents an efficient tool for improvement of method parameters, such as speed, selectivity, and sampling rate for sensing of miscellaneous organic and inorganic substances. The review is focused on conception and usage of BIA in tandem with electrochemical detection utilizing various techniques, namely amperometry, voltammetry, and multiple pulse amperometry, as well as design of electrochemical cells constructed for BIA systems is discussed. Finally, this paper also summarizes the comprehensive overview of works published from 2015 to 2020 dealing with the electrochemical determination of different analytes by BIA in various matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Haššo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Piroozmand F, Mohammadipanah F, Faridbod F. Emerging biosensors in detection of natural products. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:293-303. [PMID: 32954023 PMCID: PMC7484522 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are a valuable source in the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, and many other industrial sectors. Their beneficial properties along with their potential toxicities make the detection, determination or quantification of NPs essential for their application. The advanced instrumental methods require time-consuming sample preparation and analysis. In contrast, biosensors allow rapid detection of NPs, especially in complex media, and are the preferred choice of detection when speed and high throughput are intended. Here, we review diverse biosensors reported for the detection of NPs. The emerging approaches for improving the efficiency of biosensors, such as microfluidics, nanotechnology, and magnetic beads, are also discussed. The simultaneous use of two detection techniques is suggested as a robust strategy for precise detection of a specific NP with structural complexity in complicated matrices. The parallel detection of a variety of NPs structures or biological activities in a mixture of extract in a single detection phase is among the anticipated future advancements in this field which can be achieved using multisystem biosensors applying multiple flow cells, sensing elements, and detection mechanisms on miniaturized folded chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Piroozmand
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Wang S, Sha X, Yu S, Zhao Y. Nanocalorimeters for biomolecular analysis and cell metabolism monitoring. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:011503. [PMID: 32038739 PMCID: PMC6994269 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanocalorimeters, or microfabricated calorimeters, provide a promising way to characterize the thermal process of biological processes, such as biomolecule interactions and cellular metabolic activities. They enabled miniaturized heat measurement onto a chip device with potential benefits including low sample consumption, low cost, portability, and high throughput. Over the past few decades, researchers have tried to improve nanocalorimeters' performance, in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and detection resolution, by exploring different sensing methods, thermal insulation techniques, and liquid handling methods. The enhanced devices resulted in new applications in recent years, and here we have summarized the performance parameters and applications based on categories. Finally, we have listed the current technical difficulties in nanocalorimeter research and hope for future solutions to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Sha
- Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066001, People’s Republic of China
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Feng J, Svatoš V, Liu X, Chang H, Neužil P. High-performance microcalorimeters: Design, applications and future development. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sun X, Zhu Y, Wang X. Amperometric immunosensor based on a protein A/deposited gold nanocrystals modified electrode for carbofuran detection. SENSORS 2011; 11:11679-91. [PMID: 22247687 PMCID: PMC3252004 DOI: 10.3390/s111211679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an amperometric immunosensor modified with protein A/deposited gold nanocrystals (DpAu) was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of carbofuran residues. First, DpAu were electrodeposited onto the Au electrode surface to absorb protein A (PA) and improve the electrode conductivity. Then PA was dropped onto the surface of DpAu film, used for binding antibody Fc fragments. Next, anti-carbofuran monoclonal antibody was immobilized on the PA modified electrode. Finally, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was employed to block the possible remaining active sites avoiding any nonspecific adsorption. The fabrication procedure of the immunosensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. With the excellent electroconductivity of DpAu and the PA’s oriented immobilization of antibodies, a highly efficient immuno-reaction and detection sensitivity could be achieved. The influences of the electrodeposition time of DpAu, pH of the detection solution and incubation time on the current response of the fabricated immunosensor were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the current response was proportional to the concentration of carbofuran which ranged from 1 to 100 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL. The detection limit was 0.1924 ng/mL. The proposed carbofuran immnuosensor exhibited high specificity, reproducibility, stability and regeneration performance, which may open a new door for ultrasensitive detection of carbofuran residues in vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sun
- School of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, No.12, Zhangzhou Road, Zibo 255049, China.
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Potentials and limitations of miniaturized calorimeters for bioprocess monitoring. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:55-66. [PMID: 21808971 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In theory, heat production rates are very well suited for analysing and controlling bioprocesses on different scales from a few nanolitres up to many cubic metres. Any bioconversion is accompanied by a production (exothermic) or consumption (endothermic) of heat. The heat is tightly connected with the stoichiometry of the bioprocess via the law of Hess, and its rate is connected to the kinetics of the process. Heat signals provide real-time information of bioprocesses. The combination of heat measurements with respirometry is theoretically suited for the quantification of the coupling between catabolic and anabolic reactions. Heat measurements have also practical advantages. Unlike most other biochemical sensors, thermal transducers can be mounted in a protected way that prevents fouling, thereby minimizing response drifts. Finally, calorimetry works in optically opaque solutions and does not require labelling or reactants. It is surprising to see that despite all these advantages, calorimetry has rarely been applied to monitor and control bioprocesses with intact cells in the laboratory, industrial bioreactors or ecosystems. This review article analyses the reasons for this omission, discusses the additional information calorimetry can provide in comparison with respirometry and presents miniaturization as a potential way to overcome some inherent weaknesses of conventional calorimetry. It will be discussed for which sample types and scientific question miniaturized calorimeter can be advantageously applied. A few examples from different fields of microbiological and biotechnological research will illustrate the potentials and limitations of chip calorimetry. Finally, the future of chip calorimetry is addressed in an outlook.
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Braissant O, Daniels AUD. Closed ampoule isothermal microcalorimetry for continuous real-time detection and evaluation of cultured mammalian cell activity and responses. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 740:191-208. [PMID: 21468980 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-108-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Closed ampoule isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a simple, powerful, nondestructive, and convenient technique that allows continuous, real-time detection and evaluation of cultured cell activity and responses. At a selected set temperature, IMC measures the heat flow between a sample and a heat sink and compares it to the heat-flow between a thermally inactive reference and the heat sink. Since heat flow rates are proportional to the rates of chemical reactions and changes of state, IMC provides a means for dynamically following these processes in any type of specimen - including ones containing cultured cells. The ability of IMC instruments to provide measurements in the microwatt (μJ/s) range allows one to detect and follow the activity (including replication) of low numbers of cells in culture (ca. 10(3)-10(5), depending on cell type). Closed ampoule IMC is increasingly being used in medical and environmental sciences. While a closed ampoule imposes limitations, it conversely provides simplicity and excellent control. Also, it is still usually possible with closed ampoules to follow mammalian cell activity and replication for several days. This chapter provides an overview of IMC measurement principles and provides examples of the use of IMC for evaluating cultured human and other mammalian cell activity and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Braissant
- Laboratory of Biomechanics & Biocalorimetry, Coalition for Clinical Morphology & Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Braissant O, Wirz D, Göpfert B, Daniels AU. Use of isothermal microcalorimetry to monitor microbial activities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 303:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Braissant O, Wirz D, Göpfert B, Daniels A. “The heat is on”: Rapid microcalorimetric detection of mycobacteria in culture. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2010; 90:57-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Huang X, Li S, Schultz J, Wang Q, Lin Q. A Capacitive MEMS Viscometric Sensor for Affinity Detection of Glucose. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS : A JOINT IEEE AND ASME PUBLICATION ON MICROSTRUCTURES, MICROACTUATORS, MICROSENSORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS 2009; 18:1246-1254. [PMID: 24511213 PMCID: PMC3915933 DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2009.2034869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a capacitively based microelectromechanical systems affinity sensor for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) applications. This sensor consists of a vibrating Parylene diaphragm, which is remotely driven by a magnetic field and situated inside a microchamber. A solution of poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA), a biocompatible glucose-sensitive polymer, fills the microchamber, which is separated from its surroundings by a semipermeable membrane. Glucose permeates through the membrane and binds reversibly to the phenylboronic acid moiety of the polymer. This results in a viscosity change of the sensing solution, causing a detectable change in the Parylene diaphragm vibration which can be measured capacitively. Experimental results demonstrate that the device is capable of detecting glucose at physiologically relevant concentrations ranging from 30 to 360 mg/dL. The response time of the sensor to glucose concentration changes is approximately 1.5 min, which can be further improved with optimized device designs. Excellent reversibility and stability are observed in sensor responses, as highly desired for long-term CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Jerome Schultz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
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Huang X, Li S, Schultz JS, Wang Q, Lin Q. A MEMS affinity glucose sensor using a biocompatible glucose-responsive polymer. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2009; 140:603-609. [PMID: 24511207 PMCID: PMC3916006 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a MEMS affinity sensor that can potentially allow long-term continuous monitoring of glucose in subcutaneous tissue for diabetes management. The sensing principle is based on detection of viscosity changes due to affinity binding between glucose and poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA), a biocompatible, glucose-specific polymer. The device uses a magnetically driven vibrating microcantilever as a sensing element, which is fabricated from Parylene and situated in a microchamber. A solution of PAA-ran-PAAPBA fills the microchamber, which is separated from the surroundings by a semi-permeable membrane. Glucose permeates through the membrane and binds reversibly to the phenylboronic acid moiety of the polymer. This results in a viscosity change of the sensing solution, which is obtained by measuring the damped cantilever vibration using an optical lever setup, allowing determination of the glucose concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that the device is capable of detecting glucose at physiologically relevant concentrations from 27 mg/dL to 324 mg/dL. The glucose response time constant of the sensor is approximately 3 min, which can be further improved with device design optimization. Excellent reversibility and stability are observed in sensor responses, as highly desired for long-term, stable continuous glucose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jerome S. Schultz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Zheng YH, Hua TC, Xu F. A thermal biosensor based on enzyme reaction. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:1909-12. [PMID: 17282593 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Application of the thermal biosensor as analytical tool is promising due to advantages as universal, simplicity and quick response. A novel thermal biosensor based on enzyme reaction has been developed. This biosensor is a flow injection analysis system and consists of two channels with enzyme reaction column and reference column. The reference column, which is set for eliminating the unspecific heat, is inactived on special enzyme reaction of the ingredient to be detected. The special enzyme reaction takes places in the enzyme reaction column at a constant temperature realizing by a thermoelectric thermostat. Thermal sensor based on the thermoelectric module containing 127 serial BiTe-thermocouples is used to monitor the temperature difference between two streams from the enzyme reaction column and the reference column. The analytical example for dichlorvos shows that this biosensor can be used as analytical tool in medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Zheng
- Shanghai University of Science and Technology, No. 516,Jun Gong Road, 200093, Shanghai, China; College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Detection of dichlorvos residue by flow injection calorimetric biosensor based on immobilized chicken liver esterase. J FOOD ENG 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Köhler JM, Henkel T. Chip devices for miniaturized biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:113-25. [PMID: 16228204 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chip devices were introduced in chemistry and molecular biology to improve the read-out of information from molecular systems by efficient analytical procedures and to organize automated experiments. Biochips and chip reactor systems are of interest for cellular processes, too, and can be regarded as components in interfaces for the information exchange between living nature and digital electronic systems. In this minireview, different types of chip reactors for biotechnological applications like nanotiterplates, chip thermocyclers and devices for segmented flow operations are discussed. Finally, an outlook is given on the application of chip reactor systems, which are promising tools for automated experiments with highly parallelized screening procedures, for artificial microcompartmentation, cell analogue systems, micro-ecological studies, investigations on modulated morphogenesis, and for a bioanalogue molecular nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Köhler
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Physik, Fachgebiet Physikalische Chemie/Mikroreaktionstechnik, Stiftungslehrstuhl der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Germany.
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17
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Mello LD, Kubota LT. Review of the use of biosensors as analytical tools in the food and drink industries. Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Giron D. Contribution of thermal methods and related techniques to the rational development of pharmaceuticals—Part 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(98)00046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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