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Kaster M, Levasseur MD, Edwardson TGW, Caldwell MA, Hofmann D, Licciardi G, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Hilvert D, Meade TJ. Engineered Nonviral Protein Cages Modified for MR Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:591-602. [PMID: 36626688 PMCID: PMC9945100 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic medical imaging utilizes magnetic resonance (MR) to provide anatomical, functional, and molecular information in a single scan. Nanoparticles are often labeled with Gd(III) complexes to amplify the MR signal of contrast agents (CAs) with large payloads and high proton relaxation efficiencies (relaxivity, r1). This study examined the MR performance of two structurally unique cages, AaLS-13 and OP, labeled with Gd(III). The cages have characteristics relevant for the development of theranostic platforms, including (i) well-defined structure, symmetry, and size; (ii) the amenability to extensive engineering; (iii) the adjustable loading of therapeutically relevant cargo molecules; (iv) high physical stability; and (v) facile manufacturing by microbial fermentation. The resulting conjugates showed significantly enhanced proton relaxivity (r1 = 11-18 mM-1 s-1 at 1.4 T) compared to the Gd(III) complex alone (r1 = 4 mM-1 s-1). Serum phantom images revealed 107% and 57% contrast enhancements for Gd(III)-labeled AaLS-13 and OP cages, respectively. Moreover, proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (1H NMRD) profiles showed maximum relaxivity values of 50 mM-1 s-1. Best-fit analyses of the 1H NMRD profiles attributed the high relaxivity of the Gd(III)-labeled cages to the slow molecular tumbling of the conjugates and restricted local motion of the conjugated Gd(III) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan
A. Kaster
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Mikail D. Levasseur
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G. W. Edwardson
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Caldwell
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Daniela Hofmann
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Licciardi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
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Wang L, Song Y, Parikh A, Joyce P, Chung R, Liu L, Afinjuomo F, Hayball JD, Petrovsky N, Barclay TG, Garg S. Doxorubicin-Loaded Delta Inulin Conjugates for Controlled and Targeted Drug Delivery: Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110581. [PMID: 31698755 PMCID: PMC6920814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta inulin, also known as microparticulate inulin (MPI), was modified by covalently attaching doxorubicin to its nanostructured surface for use as a targeted drug delivery vehicle. MPI is readily endocytosed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells and in this study, we sought to utilize this property to develop a system to target anti-cancer drugs to lymphoid organs. We investigated, therefore, whether MPI could be used as a vehicle to deliver doxorubicin selectively, thereby reducing the toxicity of this antibiotic anthracycline drug. Doxorubicin was covalently attached to the surface of MPI using an acid–labile linkage to enable pH-controlled release. The MPI-doxorubicin conjugate was characterized using FTIR and SEM, confirming covalent attachment and indicating doxorubicin coupling had no obvious impact on the physical nanostructure, integrity, and cellular uptake of the MPI particles. To simulate the stability of the MPI-doxorubicin in vivo, it was stored in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5). Although the MPI-doxorubicin particles were still visible after 165 days in ALF, 53% of glycosidic bonds in the inulin particles were hydrolyzed within 12 days in ALF, reflected by the release of free glucose into solution. By contrast, the fructosidic bonds were much more stable. Drug release studies of the MPI-doxorubicin in vitro, demonstrated a successful pH-dependent controlled release effect. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies and flow cytometric analysis confirmed that when incubated with live cells, MPI-doxorubicin was efficiently internalized by immune cells. An assay of cell metabolic activity demonstrated that the MPI carrier alone had no toxic effects on RAW 264.7 murine monocyte/macrophage-like cells, but exhibited anti-cancer effects against HCT116 human colon cancer cells. MPI-doxorubicin had a greater anti-cancer cell effect than free doxorubicin, particularly when at lower concentrations, suggesting a drug-sparing effect. This study establishes that MPI can be successfully modified with doxorubicin for chemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Paul Joyce
- Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Rosa Chung
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - John D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (J.D.H.)
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas G. Barclay
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-1067
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Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Inulin Conjugate of Isoniazid for Monocyte-Targeted Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110555. [PMID: 31661841 PMCID: PMC6920787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of particles for monocyte-mediated delivery could be a more efficient strategy and approach to achieve intracellular targeting and delivery of antitubercular drugs to host macrophages. In this study, the potential of inulin microparticles to serve as a drug vehicle in the treatment of chronic tuberculosis using a monocytes-mediated drug targeting approach was evaluated. Isoniazid (INH) was conjugated to inulin via hydrazone linkage in order to obtain a pH-sensitive inulin-INH conjugate. The conjugate was then characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as in vitro, cellular uptake and intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antibacterial efficacy. The acid-labile hydrazone linkage conferred pH sensitivity to the inulin-INH conjugate with ~95, 77 and 65% of the drug released after 5 h at pH 4.5, 5.2, and 6.0 respectively. Cellular uptake studies confirm that RAW 264.7 monocytic cells efficiently internalized the inulin conjugates into endocytic compartments through endocytosis. The intracellular efficacy studies demonstrate that the inulin conjugates possess a dose-dependent targeting effect against Mtb-infected monocytes. This was through efficient internalization and cleavage of the hydrazone bond by the acidic environment of the lysosome, which subsequently released the isoniazid intracellularly to the Mtb reservoir. These results clearly suggest that inulin conjugates can serve as a pH-sensitive intracellular drug delivery system for TB treatment.
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Investigation of the biodistribution, breakdown and excretion of delta inulin adjuvant. Vaccine 2017; 35:4382-4388. [PMID: 28676380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insoluble, nanostructured delta inulin particles enhance the immunogenicity of co-administered protein antigens and consequently are used as a vaccine adjuvant (Advax™). To better understand their immunomodulatory properties, the in vitro hydrolysis and in vivo distribution of delta inulin particles were investigated. Delta inulin particle hydrolysis under bio-relevant acidic conditions resulted in no observable change to the bulk morphology using SEM, and HPLC results showed that only 6.1% of the inulin was hydrolysed over 21days. However, 65% of the terminal glucose groups were released, showing that acid hydrolysis relatively rapidly releases surface bound chemistries. This was used to explain in vivo biodistribution results in which delta inulin particles surface-labelled with fluorescein-5-thiosemicabizide were administered to mice using intramuscular (I.M.) or subcutaneous (S.C.) routes. Comparison analysis of the fluorescence of soluble inulin in the supernatants of homogenised tissues maintained at room temperature or heated to 100°C to solubilise particulate inulin was used to distinguish between fluorescent probe on soluble inulin and probe bound to inulin within particles. Following both I.M. and S.C. injection delta inulin exhibited a depot behaviour with local injection site residence for several weeks. Over this time, as injection site inulin reduced, there was measurable transport of intact delta inulin particles by macrophages to secondary lymphoid organs and the liver. Ultimately, the injected delta inulin became solubilised resulting in its detection in the plasma and in the urine. Thus injected delta inulin particles are initially taken up by macrophages at the site of injection, trafficked to secondary lymphoid tissue and the liver, and hydrolysed resulting in their becoming soluble and diffusing into the blood stream, from whence they are glomerularly filtered and excreted into the urine. These results provide important insights into the biodistribution of I.M. or S.C. injected delta inulin particles when used as vaccine adjuvants and their method of excretion.
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Allouche J, Chanéac C, Brayner R, Boissière M, Coradin T. Design of Magnetic Gelatine/Silica Nanocomposites by Nanoemulsification: Encapsulation versus in Situ Growth of Iron Oxide Colloids. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:612-627. [PMID: 28344239 PMCID: PMC5304705 DOI: 10.3390/nano4030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design of magnetic nanoparticles by incorporation of iron oxide colloids within gelatine/silica hybrid nanoparticles has been performed for the first time through a nanoemulsion route using the encapsulation of pre-formed magnetite nanocrystals and the in situ precipitation of ferrous/ferric ions. The first method leads to bi-continuous hybrid nanocomposites containing a limited amount of well-dispersed magnetite colloids. In contrast, the second approach allows the formation of gelatine-silica core-shell nanostructures incorporating larger amounts of agglomerated iron oxide colloids. Both magnetic nanocomposites exhibit similar superparamagnetic behaviors. Whereas nanocomposites obtained via an in situ approach show a strong tendency to aggregate in solution, the encapsulation route allows further surface modification of the magnetic nanocomposites, leading to quaternary gold/iron oxide/silica/gelatine nanoparticles. Hence, such a first-time rational combination of nano-emulsion, nanocrystallization and sol-gel chemistry allows the elaboration of multi-component functional nanomaterials. This constitutes a step forward in the design of more complex bio-nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Allouche
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254, Equipe de Chimie Physique (ECP), Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées 2 avenue du Président Pierre Angot, PAU, 64053 Cedex 09, France.
| | - Corinne Chanéac
- Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bât F, 4 place Jussieu, and Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Roberta Brayner
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), Université Paris Diderot, UMR-CNRS 7086, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, Paris, 75205 Cedex 13, France.
| | - Michel Boissière
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellule (ERRMECe) EA 1391, Université de Cergy Pontoise-UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2 avenue Adolphe Chauvin BP222, Cergy Pontoise, 95302 Cedex, France.
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bât F, 4 place Jussieu, and Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75005, France.
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Cheng W, Rajendran R, Ren W, Gu L, Zhang Y, Chuang KH, Liu Y. A facile synthetic approach to a biodegradable polydisulfide MRI contrast agent. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5295-5301. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A biodegradable novel polydisulfide MRI contrast agent forming self-assembly in aqueous solution with a low cytotoxicity and a higherr1is promising for producing better MRI imaging with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiren Cheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- , Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
| | - Reshmi Rajendran
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- , Singapore
| | - Wei Ren
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- , Singapore
| | - Liuqun Gu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- , Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- , Singapore
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- , Singapore
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Tóth IY, Illés E, Bauer RA, Nesztor D, Szekeres M, Zupkó I, Tombácz E. Designed polyelectrolyte shell on magnetite nanocore for dilution-resistant biocompatible magnetic fluids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16638-46. [PMID: 23140279 DOI: 10.1021/la302660p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) polyelectrolyte (PAM) have been prepared with the aim of improving colloidal stability of core-shell nanoparticles for biomedical applications and enhancing the durability of the coating shells. FTIR-ATR measurements reveal two types of interaction of PAM with MNPs: hydrogen bonding and inner-sphere metal-carboxylate complex formation. The mechanism of the latter is ligand exchange between uncharged -OH groups of the surface and -COO(-) anionic moieties of the polyelectrolyte as revealed by adsorption and electrokinetic experiments. The aqueous dispersion of PAM@MNP particles (magnetic fluids - MFs) tolerates physiological salt concentration at composition corresponding to the plateau of the high-affinity adsorption isotherm. The plateau is reached at small amount of added PAM and at low concentration of nonadsorbed PAM, making PAM highly efficient for coating MNPs. The adsorbed PAM layer is not desorbed during dilution. The performance of the PAM shell is superior to that of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), often used in biocompatible MFs. This is explained by the different adsorption mechanisms; metal-carboxylate cannot form in the case of PAA. Molecular-level understanding of the protective shell formation on MNPs presented here improves fundamentally the colloidal techniques used in core-shell nanoparticle production for nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Y Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi Vt. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Hajdú A, Szekeres M, Tóth IY, Bauer RA, Mihály J, Zupkó I, Tombácz E. Enhanced stability of polyacrylate-coated magnetite nanoparticles in biorelevant media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:242-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Synthetic polymers as drug-delivery vehicles in medicine. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:469531. [PMID: 18497867 PMCID: PMC2386871 DOI: 10.1155/2008/469531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous diseases present a formidable health problem worldwide. While the
chemotherapy of cancer, in conjunction with other treatment modalities, has reached a
significant level of maturity, efficacious use of such agents is still restricted by numerous
pharmacological deficiencies, such as poor water solubility, short serum circulation
lifetimes, and low bioavailability resulting from lack of affinity to cancer tissue and
inadequate mechanisms of cell entry. More critically still, most drugs suffer from toxic
side effects and a risk of drug resistance. The class of platinum anticancer drugs,
although outstandingly potent, is particularly notorious in that respect. Among the
countless methods developed in recent years in an effort to overcome these deficiencies,
the technology of polymer-drug conjugation stands out as a particularly advanced
treatment modality. The strategy involves the bioreversible binding, conjugating, of a
medicinal agent to a water-soluble macromolecular carrier. Following pharmacokinetic
pathways distinctly different from those of the common, nonpolymeric drugs, the
conjugate so obtained will act as a prodrug providing safe transport of the bioactive
agent to and into the affected, that is, cancerous cell for its ultimate cell-killing activity. The
present treatise will acquaint us with the pharmacological fundamentals of this drug
delivery approach, applied here specifically to the metalorganic platinum-type drug
systems and the organometallic ferrocene drug model. We will see just how this
technology leads to conjugates distinctly superior in antiproliferative activity to cisplatin,
a clinically used antitumor agent used here as a standard. Polymer-drug conjugation
involving metal-based and other medicinal agents has unquestionably matured to a
practical tool to the pharmaceutical scientist, and all indications point to an illustrious
career for this nascent drug delivery approach in the fight against cancer and other
human maladies.
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Macromolecular Conjugates of Methotrexate, Ferrocene and Platinum in Cancer Chemotherapy. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-011-9497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Makino A, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Yamahara R, Hara I, Kanzaki T, Ozeki E, Hiraoka M, Kimura S. Near-infrared fluorescence tumor imaging using nanocarrier composed of poly(L-lactic acid)-block-poly(sarcosine) amphiphilic polydepsipeptide. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5156-60. [PMID: 19525007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A nanocarrier, lactosome, which is composed of poly(L-lactic acid)-block-poly(sarcosine), as a contrast agent for the liver tumor imaging was examined using the near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging technique. Lactosome labeled with indocyanine green (ICG) showed a high escape ability from the reticulo-endothelial system (RES). Lactosome was found to be stable in a blood circulation, and gradually accumulated specifically at a model liver tumor site, which was obtained by graft of HepG2/EF-Luc cells at a mouse liver. The high tumor/liver imaging ratio is due to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect of lactosome. The fluorescence intensity at the tumor site was correlated with the degree of malignancy. Tumor imaging using lactosome as a nanocarrier is therefore a potential candidate for a facile and general tumor imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Makino
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Riché EL, Erickson BW, Cho MJ. Novel Long-circulating Liposomes Containing Peptide Library-lipid Conjugates: Synthesis andIn VivoBehavior. J Drug Target 2008; 12:355-61. [PMID: 15545085 DOI: 10.1080/10611860412331285279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid uptake of intravenously injected liposomes by the mononuclear phagocyte system has limited their use as drug delivery vehicles. Recently, various long-circulating liposomes have been prepared by incorporating glycolipids or other amphiphilic molecules into the lipid bilayer of conventional liposomes. The purpose of the present study was to design a new class of biodegradable membrane modifiers that would increase the half-life of liposomes in vivo. Using solid-phase peptide synthesis, synthesized were 30-residue random libraries consisting of a random sequence of glycine, beta-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The libraries were coupled to stearic acid (SA) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The resulting amphiphilic conjugates were mixed with egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (Chol) in a 6:47:47 ratio, and unilamellar liposomes were prepared. For comparison, plain PC/Chol (50:50) liposomes, as well as liposomes containing polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SA/PC/Chol (6:47:47) and PEG-PE/PC/Chol (6:47:47) were also prepared. Calcein was entrapped in the liposomes, which were given intravenously to rats at a dose of 9.2 mumol lipid/kg, and the amount of intact liposomes present in serum was followed with time. While the conventional liposomes had a short elimination half-life (28 min), the liposomes modified with library-PE had a much longer half-life (170 min), while library-SA provided no improvement of the liposome pharmacokinetics. PEG-PE greatly improved the half-life of the liposomes (400 min) while PEG-SA only provided a marginal improvement. All liposome preparations were cleared in a biphasic fashion. In conclusion, a novel biodegradable lipopeptide conjugate was designed that endows liposomes with a prolonged circulation time in vivo. The pharmacokinetic profile of these modified liposomes was drastically improved over that of conventional liposomes. Since the library is prepared by solid-phase synthesis, length and/or composition could easily be modified in order to modulate the clearance profile of the liposomes. Tailoring of the pharmacokinetic profile of the liposomes depending on their intended application may allow for a greater flexibility of use than PEG-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle L Riché
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
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Cavallaro G, Maniscalco L, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Semenzato A, Giammona G. Glycosilated Macromolecular Conjugates of Antiviral Drugs with a Polyaspartamide. J Drug Target 2008; 12:593-605. [PMID: 15621685 DOI: 10.1080/10611860400013477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new polymeric conjugates for specific liver targeting were prepared by conjugation of sugar moieties and antiviral drugs to alpha, beta-poly[N-2-(hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide] (PHEA). PHEA-galactopyranosylphenylthiocarbamide-mono-O-succinylganciclovir (conjugate 7) and PHEA-mannopyranosylphenylthiocarbamide-O-succinylacyclovir (conjugate 8) were synthesized according to a multi-step procedure which allowed for obtaining high product yield and process standardization. Conjugate 7 contained 7.5 and 8.5% of galactose and ganciclovir (substituent/repeating unit, mol/mol), respectively, and conjugate 8 contained 14.2 and 10.8% of mannose and acyclovir, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated that both acyclovir and ganciclovir are released from the polymeric adducts at a release rate, which depended on the incubation medium. Though a detailed study evidenced that the two bioconjugates undergo different hydrolysis pathways, in both cases high drug release rate was found in plasma, while the glycosidic moiety was not released. Pharmacokinetic studies carried out by intravenous administration of the bioconjugates to Balb/c mice demonstrated that the conjugation of glycosidic moieties promotes the disappearance of the polymer from the bloodstream. The two derivatives displayed a different pharmacokinetic profile. In particular, the mannosyl conjugation promoted the rapid disposition of the macromolecule in the kidneys and in the liver, while prevented the accumulation in the spleen. On the contrary, the galactosyl derivative was found to dispose in the liver at the same extent of the naked polymer. Few considerations on the different behavior of the conjugates were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Yang SR, Kim SB, Joe CO, Kim JD. Intracellular delivery enhancement of poly(amino acid) drug carriers by oligoarginine conjugation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:137-48. [PMID: 17957717 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-hydroxytethyl aspartamide) (PHEA) was effectively translocated in both fixed and unfixed HeLa cells, when oligoarginine (Arg(8)) known as one of the cell-penetrating peptides was conjugated via a thioether linkage. The internalization of PHEA-Arg(8) into cells was a temperature-dependent process, and the studies at endocytosis inhibition conditions suggested that an endocytosis was a key mechanism. The fluorescence spectra of PHEA-Arg(8) in liposome solutions showed that PHEA-Arg(8) was collectively adsorbed in the negative liposome membrane due to the high cationic property of a conjugated Arg(8), representing that a surface adsorption was a first step in the internalization of PHEA-Arg(8). The membrane leakage activity of PHEA-Arg(8) was much lower than that of Arg(8) own, meaning that PHEA-Arg(8) does not effectively disrupt the cell membrane integrity. The uptake of polymer conjugates increased with the incubation time and reached saturation after several hours. The increase in the number of peptide conjugated to one polymer chain could increase the collective adsorption of polymer conjugates and enhance the cellular uptake. Thus, it is believed that PHEA-Arg(8) could be internalized by an adsorptive-endocytosis. A model conjugate of PHEA-Arg(8) with methotrexate (PHEA-MTX-Arg(8)) inhibited the cell proliferation about several orders of magnitude more active than PHEA-MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Rim Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wannachaiyasit S, Chanvorachote P, Nimmannit U. A novel anti-HIV dextrin-zidovudine conjugate improving the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:840-50. [PMID: 18626772 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a newly synthesized dextrin-zidovudine (AZT) conjugate designed as a sustained release prodrug of AZT for parenteral administration. AZT was first reacted with succinic anhydride to form a succinoylated AZT which was subsequently coupled with dextrin to yield the dextrin-AZT conjugate. The structure of the conjugate was characterized by FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The drug content of the conjugate was 18.9 wt.%. The release in vitro of free AZT and succinoylated AZT was investigated in buffer solutions at pH 5.5 and 7.4 and in human plasma. AZT and succinoylated AZT release from the conjugate was 1.4% (pH 5.5), 41.7% (pH 7.4) and 78.4% in human plasma after 24 h. Release was complete in human plasma after 48 h. A pharmacokinetic study in rats following intravenous administration of the conjugate showed prolonged plasma levels of AZT compared to free AZT. The use of the conjugate extended the plasma half-life of AZT from 1.3 to 19.3 h and the mean residence time from 0.4 to 23.6 h. Furthermore, the conjugate provided a significant greater area under the plasma concentration-time curve and reduced the systemic clearance of AZT. This study suggested the potential of this novel dextrin-AZT conjugate as a new intravenous preparation of AZT.
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Chaudhary A, Singh R. Review: Metal Complexes of Polyaza and Polyoxaaza Macrocyclic Ligands: A Look into the Past and Present Work. REV INORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/revic.2008.28.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Tanisaka H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Makino A, Tanaka S, Hiraoka M, Kimura S. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Labeled Peptosome for Application to Cancer Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:109-17. [DOI: 10.1021/bc7001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanisaka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Makino
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tanaka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Komane LL, Mukaya EH, Neuse EW, van Rensburg CEJ. Macromolecular Antiproliferative Agents Featuring Dicarboxylato-Chelated Platinum. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-007-9175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Khan A. Preparation and characterization of N-isopropylacrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer core–shell microgel particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 313:697-704. [PMID: 17561067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new method has been developed to prepare smart copolymer microgels that consist of well defined temperature sensitive cores and pH sensitive shells. The microgels were obtained from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylic acid (AAc), containing different mole ratios of AAc. Transmission electron micrographs of the microgels show that the colloidal copolymers are nearly monodisperse spheres (core-shell structures). The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) (or phase separation temperatures) of the aqueous microgel solutions were measured by cloud-point method. At slight acidic conditions, the LCST decreased with increase in AAc content, which suggests that the hydrophobic group of NIPAAm has a greater influence on the LCST than the polar COOH group at those conditions. An increase of pH value leads to a significant increase in LCST due to the formation of a more hydrophilic copolymer. The LCST were studied as a function of copolymer composition over the pH range from 4.0 to 6.5. Because the pK(a) of the polymers can be tuned to fall close to neutral pH, these polymer compositions can be dispersed to have phase transitions triggered near physiological pH or at slight acidic pH values that fall within acidic gradients found in biology. Because of their stimuli-responsive behavior, these nanoscale materials are excellent candidates for biotechnology and biomedical applications where small changes in pH or temperature are of great consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Khan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.
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Hooker JM, Datta A, Botta M, Raymond KN, Francis MB. Magnetic resonance contrast agents from viral capsid shells: a comparison of exterior and interior cargo strategies. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:2207-10. [PMID: 17630809 DOI: 10.1021/nl070512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two high-relaxivity nanoscale magnetic resonance contrast agents have been built using bacteriophage MS2 as a biomolecular scaffold. Protein capsid shells were functionalized on either the exterior or interior surface to display multiple copies of an aldehyde functional group. Subsequently, approximately 90 heteropodal bis(hydroxypyridonate)terephthalamide ligands were attached to these sites through oxime condensation reactions. Upon complexation with Gd3+, contrast agents with ionic relaxivities of up to 41.6 mM-1 s-1 (30 MHz, 25 degrees C) and total molecular relaxivities of up to 3900 mM-1 s-1 (30 MHz, 25 degrees C) were produced. Capsids sequestering the Gd-chelates on the interior surface (attached through tyrosine residues) not only provided higher relaxivities than their exterior functionalized counterparts (which relied on lysine modification) but also exhibited improved water solubility and capsid stability. The attachment functional cargo to the interior surface is envisioned to minimize its influences on biodistribution, yielding significant advantages for tissue targeting by additional groups attached to the capsid exterior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hooker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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Martina MS, Fortin JP, Fournier L, Ménager C, Gazeau F, Clément O, Lesieur S. Magnetic Targeting of Rhodamine-Labeled Superparamagnetic Liposomes to Solid Tumors: In Vivo Tracking by Fibered Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy. Mol Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2007.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Martina
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Fortin
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
| | - Laure Fournier
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
| | - Christine Ménager
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Clément
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
| | - Sylviane Lesieur
- From Laboratoire de physico-chimie des systemes polyphases, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Laboratoire des liquides ioniques et interfaces charges, UMR CNRS 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris cedex, France; Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie, INSERM U494, Faculté de médecine Necker enfants malades, Paris, France; and Laboratoire des milieux desordonnes et heterogenes, CNRS UMR 7603, Université Paris 6 & 7, Paris, France
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Suaifan GA, Mahon MF, Arafat T, Threadgill MD. Effects of steric bulk and stereochemistry on the rates of diketopiperazine formation from N-aminoacyl-2,2-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxamides (Dmt dipeptide amides)—a model for a new prodrug linker system. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Cavallaro G, Licciardi M, Mariano L, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Gaetano G. Folate-mediated targeting of polymeric conjugates of gemcitabine. Int J Pharm 2006; 307:258-69. [PMID: 16298091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new macromolecular prodrugs for active tumor targeting was set up. Gemcitabine (2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine) was conjugated to alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) through succinyl or diglycolyl hydrolysable spacers. The targeting agent folic acid was attached to the macromolecular backbone through the aminocaproic spacer. The two conjugates [PHEA-(5'-succinylgemcitabine)-1'-carboxypentyl-folamide and PHEA-(5'-diglycolyl-gemcitabine)-1'-carboxypentyl-folamide], were purified and extensively characterised by spectroscopic (UV, IR and NMR) and chromatographic analyses to determine the correct chemical structure, the purity degree and the reaction yield. In vitro studies demonstrated that the drug release depends on the spacer arm (diglycolyil or succinyl) and incubation pH. After 30 h incubation at pH 7.4, mimicking the plasma and extracellular compartments, the gemcitabine release from the succinyl and diglycolyl derivatives was 28 and 31%, respectively. After 30 h incubation at pH 5.5, mimicking the lisosomial compartment, the drug released from both bioconjugates was lower than 13%. In plasma, the polymer conjugation increased the drug stability and provided for a sustained drug release. In vitro citotoxicity studies performed using human nasopharyngeal epidermal carcinoma KB cells demonstrated that PHEA-(5'-succinylgemcitabine)-1'-carboxypentyl-folamide displays an higher dose dependent cytotoxic effect with respect to PHEA-(5'-diglycolyl-gemcitabine)-1'-carboxypentyl-folamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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25
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Caldwell G, Meirim MG, N'Da DD, Neuse EW. Carrier-bound methotrexate. II. Water-soluble polyaspartamide methotrexate conjugates with amide links in polymer–drug spacer. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Radecka-Paryzek W, Patroniak V, Lisowski J. Metal complexes of polyaza and polyoxaaza Schiff base macrocycles. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Martina MS, Fortin JP, Ménager C, Clément O, Barratt G, Grabielle-Madelmont C, Gazeau F, Cabuil V, Lesieur S. Generation of superparamagnetic liposomes revealed as highly efficient MRI contrast agents for in vivo imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10676-85. [PMID: 16045355 DOI: 10.1021/ja0516460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanocrystals stable at neutral pH and in isotonic aqueous media were synthesized and encapsulated within large unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and distearoyl-SN-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))-2000] (DSPE-PEG(2000), 5 mol %), formed by film hydration coupled with sequential extrusion. The nonentrapped particles were removed by flash gel exclusion chromatography. The magnetic-fluid-loaded liposomes (MFLs) were homogeneous in size (195 +/- 33 hydrodynamic diameters from quasi-elastic light scattering). Iron loading was varied from 35 up to 167 Fe(III)/lipid mol %. Physical and superparamagnetic characteristics of the iron oxide particles were preserved after liposome encapsulation as shown by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and magnetization curve recording. In biological media, MFLs were highly stable and avoided ferrofluid flocculation while being nontoxic toward the J774 macrophage cell line. Moreover, steric stabilization ensured by PEG-surface-grafting significantly reduced liposome association with the macrophages. The ratios of the transversal (r2) and longitudinal (r1) magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivities of water protons in MFL dispersions (6 < r2/r1 < 18) ranked them among the best T2 contrast agents, the higher iron loading the better the T2 contrast enhancement. Magnetophoresis demonstrated the possible guidance of MFLs by applying a magnetic field gradient. Mouse MR imaging assessed MFLs efficiency as contrast agents in vivo: MR angiography performed 24 h after intravenous injection of the contrast agent provided the first direct evidence of the stealthiness of PEG-ylated magnetic-fluid-loaded liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Martina
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Systèmes Polyphasés, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Lo CL, Lin KM, Hsiue GH. Preparation and characterization of intelligent core-shell nanoparticles based on poly(D,L-lactide)-g-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid). J Control Release 2005; 104:477-88. [PMID: 15911047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Revised: 02/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
New thermo-responsive, pH-responsive, and biodegradable nanoparticles comprised of poly(D,L-lactide)-graft-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (PLA-g-P(NIPAm-co-MAA)) were developed by grafting biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) onto N-isopropyl acrylamide and methacrylic acid. A core-shell type nano-structure was formed with a hydrophilic outer shell and a hydrophobic inner core, which exhibited a phase transition temperature above 37 degrees C suitable for biomedical application. Upon heating above the phase transition temperature, PLA-g-P(NIPAm-co-MAA) nanoparticle showed a polarity increase of pyrene in either buffer solution or intra-hepato-carcinoma cells as determined by fluorescence measurement, indicating that the structure of nanoparticles caused leakages from outer shell copolymers aggregation and collapsed. The drug loading level of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) encapsulated in the PLA-g-P(NIPAm-co-MAA) nanoparticles can be as high as 20%. The release of 5-FU from nanoparticles was strongly controlled by the pH in the aqueous solution. Based on these results, PLA-g-P(NIPAm-co-MAA) nanoparticles can be used as a drug carrier for intracellular delivery of anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section, 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, ROC
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Greenwald RB. Drug delivery systems: anticancer prodrugs and their polymeric conjugates. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.7.6.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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De Winne K, Seymour LW, Schacht EH. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of macromolecular antitumour derivatives based on phenylenediamine mustard. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 24:159-68. [PMID: 15661487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Poly-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine] (PHEG) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted PHEG conjugates of N,N-di(2-chloroethyl)-4-phenylenediamine mustard (PDM) were synthetised. A collagenase-sensitive oligopeptide spacer was selected to link the cytotoxic agent PDM onto the polymeric carrier. First, the oligopeptide-drug conjugate, L-pro-L-leu-gly-L-pro-gly-PDM, was prepared. In a second step, the low molecular weight PDM derivative and PEG-NH(2) were coupled to a N,N-disuccinimidylcarbonate activated PHEG. Dynamic laser light scattering measurements indicated the formation of aggregates. The presence of human serum albumin had no significant effect on the diameter of the conjugates. The hydrolytic stability of the conjugates was investigated in buffer solutions. The conjugates showed an improved stability compared to the parent nitrogen mustard. The enzymatic degradation studies of the polymeric conjugates were performed in the presence of collagenase type IV (Clostridiopeptidase A; EC 3.4.24.3), cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) and tritosomes. Only the bacterial collagenase type IV was able to cleave the spacer releasing free PDM and its peptidyl derivative, gly-L-pro-gly-PDM. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the conjugates was evaluated against HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells and MDA adenocarcinoma cells. All conjugates showed low toxicity towards these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen De Winne
- Polymer Materials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Neuse EW, Mphephu N, Netshifhefhe HM, Johnson MT. Synthesis and preliminary in vitro evaluation of polymeric dicarboxylato- and dihydroxylatoplatinum(II) chelates as antiproliferative agents. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mendichi R, Rizzo V, Gigli M, Schieroni AG. Fractionation and characterization of a conjugate between a polymeric drug-carrier and the antitumor drug camptothecin. Bioconjug Chem 2002; 13:1253-8. [PMID: 12440860 DOI: 10.1021/bc025522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A conjugate between the antitumor drug camptothecin and the polymeric drug-carrier poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] was synthesized and fractionated. The conjugate samples, both fractionated and unfractionated, were characterized with a multi-detector SEC system using three on-line detectors: a multi-angle light scattering photometer, a viscometer, and a refractometer. The used mobile phase (DMF + 0.01 M LiBr + 0.05 M CH(3)COOH) derives from previous experience with similar conjugates. Narrow molar mass distribution fractions of the conjugate obtained by means of a semipreparative LC system were used to derive the coefficients of the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relationship and to check the universal calibration of the SEC system. This study has demonstrated that the conjugate elutes according to the hydrodynamic volume. Thus, a conventional SEC method that uses only an on-line refractometer detector, commercially available narrow standards, and the universal calibration is adequate for the characterization of the molar mass distribution. Also the size and the conformation of the conjugate were studied by means of the gyration radius-molar mass power law.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mendichi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Caliceti P, Quarta SM, Veronese FM, Cavallaro G, Pedone E, Giammona G. Synthesis and biopharmaceutical characterisation of new poly(hydroxyethylaspartamide) copolymers as drug carriers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1528:177-86. [PMID: 11687305 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Four new poly(hydroxyethylaspartamide)-based copolymers bearing (a) poly(ethylene glycol) 2000, (b) poly(ethylene glycol) 5000, (c) poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 and hexadecylalkyl, (d) poly(ethylene glycol) 5000 and hexadecylalkyle, as pendant groups were synthesised. The copolymers were obtained by partial aminolysis of polysuccinimide with poly(ethylene glycol) and hexadecylalkyl amino derivatives followed by reaction with ethanolamine. Naked polyhydroxyaspartamide was obtained by polysuccinimide reaction with ethanolamine. The nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, light scattering and elemental analysis allowed for the extensive physico-chemical characterisation of the carriers. The molecular mass of all the polymers was in the range of 27000-34000 Da, and the polydispersivity was in the range of 1.5-1.7. By intravenous injection to mice bearing a solid tumour, all the polymeric carriers displayed a bi-compartmental pharmacokinetic behaviour. Both the poly(ethylene glycol) and the hexadecylalkyle conjugation prolonged and enhanced the distribution phase of poly(hydroxyethylaspartamide). The poly(ethylene glycol) conjugation was found to promote the carrier elimination by kidney ultrafiltration and to prevent partially the accumulation in the spleen and in the liver. The poly(ethylene glycol)/hexadecylalkyle conjugates localised preferentially in the liver were over 30% of the dose/g of tissue was determined after 144 h from administration. In the tumour all the polymers displayed a relevant accumulation that significantly increased throughout the time to reach high concentrations after 24 h. In particular, the poly(ethylene glycol)/hexadecylalkyle conjugates achieved a concentration of 15-25% of the dose/g of tissue after 24 h from administration that was maintained up to 144 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caliceti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
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Port M, Corot C, Raynal I, Idee JM, Dencausse A, Lancelot E, Meyer D, Bonnemain B, Lautrou J. Physicochemical and biological evaluation of P792, a rapid-clearance blood-pool agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 2001; 36:445-54. [PMID: 11500594 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-200108000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To summarize the physicochemical characterization, pharmacokinetic behavior, and biological evaluation of P792, a new monogadolinated MRI blood-pool agent. METHODS The molecular modeling of P792 was described. The r1 relaxivity properties of P792 were measured in water and 4% human serum albumin at different magnetic fields (20, 40, 60 MHz). The stability of the gadolinium complex was assessed. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles were studied in rabbits. Renal tolerance in dehydrated rats undergoing selective intrarenal injection was evaluated. Hemodynamic safety in rats and in vitro histamine and leukotriene B4 release were also tested. RESULTS The mean diameter of P792 is 50.5 A and the r1 relaxivity of this monogadolinium contrast agent is 29 L x mmol(-1) x s(-1) at 60 MHz. The stability of the gadolinium complex in transmetallation is excellent. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles are consistent with that of a rapid-clearance blood-pool agent: P792 is mainly excreted by glomerular filtration, and its diffusion across normal endothelium is limited. Renal and hemodynamic safety is comparable to that of the nonspecific agent gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid. No histamine or leukotriene B4 release was found in RBL-2H3 isolated mastocytes. CONCLUSIONS The relaxivity of P792 at clinical field is very high for a monogadolinium complex without protein binding. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles are consistent with those of a rapid-clearance blood-pool agent. Its initial safety profile is satisfactory. Experimental and clinical studies are underway to confirm the potential of P792 in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Port
- MRI Contrast Agent Research, Guerbet, Roissy, France.
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36
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Port M, Corot C, Rousseaux O, Raynal I, Devoldere L, Idée JM, Dencausse A, Le Greneur S, Simonot C, Meyer D. P792: a rapid clearance blood pool agent for magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary results. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2001; 12:121-7. [PMID: 11390267 DOI: 10.1007/bf02668093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An original MRI contrast agent, called P792, is described. P792 is a gadolinium macrocyclic compound based on a Gd-DOTA structure substituted by hydrophilic arms. The chemical structure of P792 has been optimized in order to provide (1) a high r(1) relaxivity in the clinical field for MRI: 29 mM(-1)xs(-1) at 60 MHz, (2) a high biocompatibility profile and (3) a high molecular volume: the apparent hydrodynamic volume of P792 is 125 times greater than that of Gd-DOTA. As a result of this high molecular volume, P792 presents an unusual pharmacokinetic profile, as it is a Rapid Clearance Blood Pool Agent (RCBPA) characterized by limited diffusion across the normal endothelium. The original pharmacokinetic properties of this RCBPA are expected to be well suited to MR coronary angiography, angiography, perfusion imaging (stress and rest), and permeability imaging (detection of ischemia and tumor grading). Further experimental imaging studies are ongoing to define the clinical value of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Port
- Guerbet, Chemical Research, BP 50400, 95943 Roissy CDG Cedex, France.
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Cavallaro G, Pitarresi G, Licciardi M, Giammona G. Polymeric prodrug for release of an antitumoral agent by specific enzymes. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:143-51. [PMID: 11312674 DOI: 10.1021/bc9901649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical usefulness of antitumor chemotherapy has been strongly limited by the lack of specificity of most anticancer drugs, which act also against healthy cells. The aim of this work was to design, synthesize, and evaluate a macromolecular prodrug of Cytarabine, a known antitumor drug, which is a specific substrate for plasmin enzyme whose concentration is high in various kinds of tumor mass as a result of plasminogen activator secretion. alpha,beta-Poly(N-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA), a known synthetic and biocompatible polyamino acid, was used as a drug carrier, and Cytarabine was linked to PHEA by D-Val-Leu-Lys spacer synthesized beginning from Cbz-D-Val-LeuOH dipeptide and N6-CbzLys methyl ester. The content of Cytarabine in the purified PHEA-D-Val-Leu-Lys-Cytarabine conjugate was equal to 3% w/w. In vitro experiments in the presence of plasmin evidenced the ability of this enzyme to strongly increase drug release from the macromolecular prodrug, as well as plasma incubation shows high stability of drug-polymer linkage. The direct linkage of Cytarabine to PHEA was also performed and, like PHEA-D-Val-Leu-Lys-Cytarabine conjugate, the obtained PHEA-Cytarabine conjugate showed high stability in plasma, but no release of Cytarabine was revealed in the presence of plasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italia
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38
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Formation of hybrid polymethylene–poly(oxyethylene) macrocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Mendichi R, Giammona G, Cavallaro G, Giacometti Schieroni A. Molecular characterization of α,β-poly[( N -hydroxyethyl)- dl –aspartamide] by light scattering and viscometry studies. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Reynolds CH, Annan N, Beshah K, Huber JH, Shaber SH, Lenkinski RE, Wortman JA. Gadolinium-Loaded Nanoparticles: New Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Reynolds
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Nikoi Annan
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kebede Beshah
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jon H. Huber
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Steven H. Shaber
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Robert E. Lenkinski
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jeffrey A. Wortman
- Contribution from the Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Matthews1 SE, Pouton CW, Threadgill MD. A biodegradable multiblock co-polymer derived from an alpha, omega-bis(methylamino)peptide and an alpha, omega-bis(oxiranylmethyl)poly(ethylene glycol). J Control Release 2000; 67:129-39. [PMID: 10825548 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel peptide containing the lysosomally degradable sequence GlyPheLeuGly and a sequence-inverting unit has been prepared. This peptide presents the methylamino groups of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) at both termini for co-polymerisation with alpha, omega-bis(oxiranylmethoxy)poly(ethylene glycol) of mean M(w) 1650. Gel permeation chromatographic analysis showed the presence of a mixture of oligomers. Preliminary degradation studies showed that these oligomers are cleaved by cathepsin B, an important lysosomal enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Matthews1
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
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42
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Corot C, Port M, Raynal I, Dencausse A, Schaefer M, Rousseaux O, Simonot C, Devoldere L, Lin J, Foulon M, Bourrinet P, Bonnemain B, Meyer D. Physical, chemical, and biological evaluations of P760: a new gadolinium complex characterized by a low rate of interstitial diffusion. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 11:182-91. [PMID: 10713952 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(200002)11:2<182::aid-jmri16>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An original gadolinium chelate, termed P760, which diffuses through the vascular endothelium but at a much lower rate than nonspecific agents (NSA), is described. P760 is a gadolinium macrocyclic compound based on a DOTA structure that is substituted by hydrophilic bulky groups branched on the amino-carboxylic residues. The molecular weight is 5293, and the molecular volume, measured by light scattering, is 30 times higher (11.5 nm3) than that of gadolinium (Gd)-DOTA (0.38 nm3). The increase in molecular volume and weight has two consequences: a) higher relaxivity (r1; 24.7 mM-1.s-1 compared with 3.4 mM-1.s-1 for Gd-DOTA at 20 Mhz, 37 degrees C); and b) a lengthening of its transport rate through the endothelium. P760 presents a peculiar pharmacokinetic profile: at early times post injection, the blood concentrations are higher than those of Gd-DOTA, but after 20 minutes, the blood concentrations are equal for the two compounds. The body clearances of the products are identical (i.e., glomerular filtration rate). P760 molecules are large enough to have a restricted diffusion through the endothelium but, conversely, small enough to pass freely through the glomerular membrane. This limited extravasation has been observed in rabbits by magnetic resonance angiography or in investigations of tumor permeability. Further experimental imaging studies are needed to define the clinical interest of such properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corot
- Guerbet Research Division, Roissy, France.
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43
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Molecular characterization of α , β -poly(asparthylhydrazide) a new synthetic polymer for biomedical applications. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Uhrich KE, Cannizzaro SM, Langer RS, Shakesheff KM. Polymeric systems for controlled drug release. Chem Rev 1999; 99:3181-98. [PMID: 11749514 DOI: 10.1021/cr940351u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1807] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Uhrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7-2RD, U.K
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Giammona G, Cavallaro G, Pitarresi G. Studies of macromolecular prodrugs of zidovudine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1999; 39:153-164. [PMID: 10837772 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(99)00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current problems in controlling severe viral infections such as AIDS as well as the lack of effective and safe therapeutic measures for such diseases have caused interest in systems such as macromolecular prodrugs potentially able to solve heavier drawbacks of conventional antiviral therapy. This review focuses on various approaches proposed in the literature in this field. Neoglycoproteins and synthetic protein-like structure polymers have been mainly proposed. In the first group, the possibility of incorporating into the polymeric structures a determined amount of sugar molecules make them interesting candidates for targeting of infected blood cells. The conjugate of zidovudine (AZT) and an anti-transferrin receptor antibody OX-26 has been proposed for brain targeting. The conjugate of AZT with alpha,beta-poly(N-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) showed good release properties in a prolonged time.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giammona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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46
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Giammona G, Cavallaro G, Fontana G, Pitarresi G, Carlisi B. Coupling of the antiviral agent zidovudine to polyaspartamide and in vitro drug release studies. J Control Release 1998; 54:321-31. [PMID: 9766252 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A macromolecular prodrug of the known antiretroviral agent zidovudine and alpha, beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) was synthesized. A succinic spacer was present between the polymer and the drug, and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole was used as the coupling agent. In vitro drug release studies at pH 1.1, 5.5 and 7.4 indicated that limited amounts of intact drug were released from the conjugate. At pH 1.1 and 7.4 succinylzidovudine was released, and this was hydrolysed to give free zidovudine. In the presence of alpha-chymotrypsin, zidovudine was released preferentially in comparison with the succinyl derivative. The amounts of released zidovudine and succinylzidovudine were greater in plasma than in aqueous buffer solutions. These results show that after i.v. administration this drug-polymer conjugate can release zidovudine into the blood circulation for prolonged periods.
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47
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New non-ionic water-soluble porphyrins: evaluation of manganese(III) polyhydroxylamide porphyrins as MRI contrast agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)06110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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