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Anitha KV, Krishnan R. Evaluation of flexural strength and microhardness in Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry)-added self-cure polymethyl methacrylate dental resin: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2024; 24:266-272. [PMID: 38946510 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_25_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Occurrence of denture stomatitis and prosthesis breakage are common problems faced by elderly people wearing removable dentures. To overcome this, several attempts are made to improve the denture material by addition of antimicrobials without compromising original properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate flexural strength and microhardness of self-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after addition of Vaccinium macrocarpon (commonly called as cranberry), extract as antimicrobial, at varying proportions. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN Experimental in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frozen cranberry fruits were subjected to extraction process in the presence of aqueous solvents. Lyophilized extract was added in proportions of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 dry wt/wt % into polymer of self-cure PMMA denture base resin. Based on cranberry inclusion, the study comprised one control (0%) and four test groups (0.5%-2%) with total of 100 samples. A three-point bending test for flexural strength was done for fifty study samples (n = 10). Surface of fractured samples was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microhardness was determined using Vickers hardness test. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED One-way statistical ANOVA test was done to find the difference between groups, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple pairwise comparison. RESULTS Flexural strength ranged from 66.80 to 69.28 MPa, and a statistically insignificant difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). SEM evaluation showed uniformly dispersed strands of cranberry extract in PMMA matrix. With higher concentration, less voids were seen. Vickers microhardness value significantly decreased from 15.96 in the control group to 14.57 with 2% cranberry addition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Incorporation of cranberry extract into self-cure PMMA denture base resin, up to 2 dry wt %, did not decline the flexural strength. However, there was a significant decrease in Vickers microhardness values when compared against the control group (0% cranberry inclusion).
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Anitha
- Department of Prosthodontics and SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajkumar Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. Impact of Artificial Aging on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Denture Base Materials Fabricated via 3D Printing. Int J Biomater 2024; 2024:8060363. [PMID: 38919543 PMCID: PMC11199068 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming more prevalent in the dental sector due to its potential to save time for dental practitioners, streamline fabrication processes, enhance precision and consistency in fabricating prosthetic models, and offer cost-effective solutions. However, the effect of aging in artificial saliva of this type of material has not been explored. To assess the physical and mechanical properties of the two types of 3D-printed materials before and after being subjected to artificial saliva, a total of 219 acrylic resin specimens were produced. These specimens were made with two types of 3D-printed materials, namely, NextDent (ND) and Formlabs (FLs), and a Schottlander heat-cured (HC) resin material that was used as a control. Water sorption and solubility specimens (n = 5) were tested after three months of storage in artificial saliva. Moreover, the Vickers hardness, Martens hardness, flexural strength/modulus, and impact strength were evaluated both under dry conditions and after three months of storage in artificial saliva. The degree of conversion (DC), elemental analysis, and filler content were also investigated. The ANOVA showed that 3D-printed resins had significantly greater sorption than the control group (p < 0.05). However, the flexural strength values of the 3D-printed materials were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those of the heat-cured material. The DC of the 3D-printed resins was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The 3D-printed materials contained significantly more filler than the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the artificial saliva had a significant effect on the Vickers hardness for all tested groups and on the Martens hardness for the control group only (p < 0.05). Compared with conventional heat-cured materials, 3D-printed denture base materials demonstrated relatively poorer performance in terms of sorption, solubility, and DC but exhibited either comparable or superior mechanical properties. The aging process also influenced the Vickers and Martens' hardness. The strength of the 3D-printed materials was in compliance with ISO recommendations, and the materials could be used alongside conventional heat-cured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Morgado LB, Pedrosa MS, Medeiros IS. Post-cure Heat Treatments Influence the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Acrylic and Bis-acryl Composite Resins. Oper Dent 2024; 49:76-83. [PMID: 38019216 DOI: 10.2341/23-011-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of post-cure heat treatments (PCHT) on Knoop microhardness (KHN) and color change of bis-acryl composite resin (Protemp 4 - 3M ESPE, USA and PrimmaArt - FGM, Brazil) and chemically activated acrylic resins (Dencôr - Clássico, Brazil, and Duralay - Cotia, Brazil). METHODS AND MATERIALS Specimens (12×1 mm) were prepared for each material (n=10/group). Thirty minutes after curing, the specimens were subjected to PCHT for 10 minutes at 70°, 100°, or 130°C. The control group was kept at room temperature (24°C) for the same amount of time. KHN was analyzed 24 hours after PCHT (n=10). Following Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) Delta E 2000 (CIEDE2000 [ΔE00]), color measurements were obtained at three time points: 1. after polymerization; 2. after PCHT; and 3. after 30 days of storage in water, coffee, or red wine. Data for each material were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05). RESULTS The PCHT at 130°C produced the highest KHN values. Except for the 70°C groups from Dencôr and Protemp, all PCHTs increased the initial color values (p>0.05). In general, chemically activated acrylic resins showed an increase in color stability when subjected to PCHT (p>0.05). For bis-acryl composite resin, PCHT did not influence color stability (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, the results showed that PCHT increased the tested materials' color changes and Knoop microhardness. However, except for PCHT at 130°C in Duralay, the color changes remained within acceptable values. The PCHT treatment resulted in better color stability for most of the composite resins studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Morgado
- Leticia Barroso Morgado, DDS, MSc, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Pedrosa
- Marlus da Silva Pedrosa, DDS, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - I S Medeiros
- *Igor Studart Medeiros, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. 3D printed denture base material: The effect of incorporating TiO 2 nanoparticles and artificial ageing on the physical and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1122-1136. [PMID: 37839997 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed denture base resin incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), subjected to a physical ageing process. METHODS Acrylic denture base samples were prepared by a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing technique reinforced with different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of silanated TiO2 NPs. The resulting nanocomposite materials were characterized in terms of degree of conversion (DC), and sorption/solubility flexural strength, impact strength, Vickers hardness and Martens hardness and compared with unmodified resin and conventional heat-cured (HC) material. The nanocomposites were reassessed after subjecting them to ageing in artificial saliva. A fractured surface was studied under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS The addition of TiO2 NPs into 3D-printed resin significantly improved flexural strength/modulus, impact strength, Vickers hardness, and DC, while also slightly enhancing Martens hardness compared to the unmodified resin. Sorption values did not show any improvements, while solubility was reduced significantly. The addition of 0.10 wt% NPs provided the highest performance amongst the other concentrations, and 0.75 wt% NPs showed the lowest. Although ageing degraded the materials' performance to a certain extent, the trends remained the same. SEM images showed a homogenous distribution of the NPs at lower concentrations (0.10 and 0.25 wt%) but revealed agglomeration of the NPs with the higher concentrations (0.50 and 0.75 wt%). SIGNIFICANCE The outcomes of this study suggested that the incorporation of TiO2 NPs (0.10 wt%) into 3D-printed denture base material showed superior performance compared to the unmodified 3D-printed resin even after ageing in artificial saliva. The nanocomposite has the potential to extend service life of denture bases in future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Sürer E, Ünal M, Gül Aygün EB, Ucar Y. Evaluating the conversion degree of interim restorative materials produced by different 3-dimensional printer technologies. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:654.e1-654.e6. [PMID: 37563026 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) printers are a relatively new technology, but the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin specimens produced by using this method is currently unknown. However, the DC of resin interim restorative materials is critical for their biocompatibility and physical properties. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the DC of interim restorative materials produced by using different 3D printer technologies and compare them with conventionally manufactured polymethyl methacrylate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stereolithography, digital light processing, and liquid crystal display 3D printers were used as experimental groups, and a conventional (C) method was used as the control. Five different 3D printers (DWS Systems, Formlabs [FL], Asiga, Mega, and Vega) were included. The 3D printed specimens were designed in a rectangular prism geometry (10×4×2.5 mm) by using a computer-aided design software program (Materialise 3-matic) and printed with a layer thickness of 50 µm in the horizontal direction (n=15). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were measured in 3 steps: the liquid state of the resins, after washing with 99% isopropanol, and after final polymerization. For the C method, FT-IR spectra were assessed in 2 steps: immediately after mixing the liquid and powder and after polymerization. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with 1-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in DC values between the 3D printed groups (P>.05). There was a statistically significant difference only between FL and the C in terms of DC (P=.042). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensionally printed interim resin materials found comparable results with those of the C group. The DC was not affected by different 3D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Sürer
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ünal
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Esma Başak Gül Aygün
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Yurdanur Ucar
- Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey; and Private practice, Antalya, Turkey
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Chen N. Embedded 3D printing and pressurized thermo-curing of PMMA for medical implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106083. [PMID: 37678106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a synthetic polymer commonly used for medical implants in cranioplasty and orthopedic surgery owing to its excellent mechanical properties, optical transparency, and minimal inflammatory responses. Recently, the development of 3D printing opens new avenues in the fabrication of patient-specific PMMA implants for personalized medicine. However, challenges are confronted when adapting medical-grade PMMA to the 3D printing process due to its dynamic viscosity and nonself-supporting characteristics before cured. In addition, the intrinsically exothermic polymerization of MMA brings about bubble generation issues that reduce its mechanical performance harshly. Therefore, in this study, an embedded 3D printing methodology followed by pressurized thermo-curing is proposed and developed: a granular alginate microgel is designed for serving as a supporting matrix when jamming formed between the granules to structurally support the extruded precursor filaments of PMMA-MMA ink during both 3D printing and post-curing; moreover, the autoclave reactor enclosing the alginate matrix and as-sculpted PMMA structures is utilized to generate temperature-dependent pressure, which serves for suppressing the bubbles and solidifying the polymerized MMA during the post-curing process. The 3D printed PMMA is comparably matchable to traditional PMMA castings in terms of their microstructures, density, thermal properties, mechanical performance and biocompatibility. In the future, the proposed embedded 3D printing platform combined with the special post-curing method has great potential for a customized and cost-effective fabrication of patient-specific, complex and functional PMMA implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Terzioğlu İ, Ventura-Hunter C, Ulbrich J, Saldívar-Guerra E, Schubert US, Guerrero-Sánchez C. Automated Parallel Dialysis for Purification of Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224835. [PMID: 36432962 PMCID: PMC9697721 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of a dialysis method for the simultaneous purification of different polymer materials in a commercially available automated parallel synthesizer (APS) is discussed. The efficiency of this "unattended" automated parallel dialysis (APD) method was investigated by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) measurements, which confirmed that the method enables the removal of up to 99% of the unreacted monomer derived from the synthesis of the corresponding polymers in the APS. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed that the molar mass and molar mass distribution of the investigated polymers did not undergo significant changes after the application of the APD method. The method discussed herein can be regarded as a good alternative to the "unattended" and reliable purification of polymer libraries prepared in APS. This method may be useful for overcoming current limitations of high-throughput/-output (HT/O) synthesis of polymer libraries, where purification of the generated materials currently represents a significant constraint for establishing fully automated experimental workflows necessary to advance towards a full digitalization of research and development of new polymers for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Terzioğlu
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolina Ventura-Hunter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Polymerization Processes Department, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Jens Ulbrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Enrique Saldívar-Guerra
- Polymerization Processes Department, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Kostić M, Igić M, Gligorijević N, Nikolić V, Stošić N, Nikolić L. The Use of Acrylate Polymers in Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4511. [PMID: 36365504 PMCID: PMC9653800 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The manuscript aimed to review the types of acrylate polymers used in dentistry, as well as their chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Regarding their consistency and purpose, dental acrylate polymers are divided into hard (brittle), which includes acrylates for the production of plate denture bases, obturator prostheses, epitheses and maxillofacial prostheses, their repairs and lining, and soft (flexible), which are used for lining denture bases in special indications. Concerning the composition and method of polymerization initiation, polymers for the production of denture bases are divided into four types: heat-, cold-, light-, and microwave-polymerized. CAD/CAM acrylate dentures are made from factory blocks of dental acrylates and show optimal mechanical and physical properties, undoubtedly better monomer polymerization and thus biocompatibility, and stability of the shape and colour of the base and dentures. Regardless of the number of advantages that these polymers have to offer, they also exhibit certain disadvantages. Technological development enables the enhancement of all acrylate properties to respond better to the demands of the profession. Special attention should be paid to improving the biological characteristics of acrylate polymers, due to reported adverse reactions of patients and dental staff to potentially toxic substances released during their preparation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kostić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Igić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vesna Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stošić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
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Comparison between Conventional PMMA and 3D Printed Resins for Denture Bases: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current paper is to review the available literature reporting on comparative studies of heat-cured resins and three-dimensionally printed biomaterials for denture bases in terms of their composition, properties, fabrication techniques and clinical performance. The methodology included applying a search strategy, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting studies to summarize the results. Searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were performed independently by three reviewers to gather literature published between 2018 and 2021. A total of 135 titles were obtained from the electronic databases, and the application of exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 42 articles pertaining to conventional and 3D printed technology for removable dentures. The main disadvantages of the heat-cured resins for removable dentures are that they require lots of special equipment, skilled personnel and time. Emerging technologies, such as 3D printed dentures, have the potential to alleviate these problems allowing for faster patient rehabilitation. With the development of digital dentistry, it is becoming increasingly necessary to use 3D printed resin materials for the manufacturing of removable dentures. However, further research is required on the existing and developing materials to allow for advancement and increase its application in removable prosthodontics.
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Leite A, Viotto H, Nunes T, Pasquini D, Pero A. Cellulose nanocrystals into Poly(ethyl methacrylate) used for dental application. POLIMEROS 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.20210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Leite
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | - Hamille Viotto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | - Thais Nunes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Pero
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
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Tangpothitham S, Pongprueksa P, Inokoshi M, Mitrirattanakul S. Effect of post-polymerization with autoclaving treatment on monomer elution and mechanical properties of 3D-printing acrylic resin for splint fabrication. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105015. [PMID: 34896766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of post-treatment autoclaving on monomer elution and mechanical properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printed resin for splint fabrication. METHODS Photopolymer resin specimens (Dental LT Clear) were 3D-printed and processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were randomly divided to different post-treatment protocols: water storage, autoclaving at different temperatures (121 °C or 132 °C), times (4 or 30 min) and no treatment as a control. The elution of UDMA, HEMA, and EGDMA monomers was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by immersing the specimens in 75% ethanol for 72 h. The flexural modulus, surface microhardness and linear dimensional changes were measured. The monomer elution and flexural modulus were statistically analyzed using Welch's ANOVA followed by Dunnett's T3 tests, while the surface microhardness and dimensional changes were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The overall monomer elution concentrations were significantly highest for the control group and lowest for specimens treated in an autoclave at 132 °C for 4 min. The flexural modulus was not significantly different between all groups. The surface microhardness was significantly higher for all autoclaved groups than the control and water storage groups. The linear expansion was significantly higher after post-treatment autoclaving in contrast to water storage. SIGNIFICANCE/CONCLUSIONS Post-polymerization autoclave treatment of the 3D-printed resin reduced monomer elution and improved surface microhardness without deteriorating the flexural modulus. Post-treatment with an autoclave at 132 °C for 4 min can be recommended for 3D-printed resin for splint fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakarin Tangpothitham
- Department of Masticatory Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Masanao Inokoshi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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3D-Printed vs. Heat-Polymerizing and Autopolymerizing Denture Base Acrylic Resins. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195781. [PMID: 34640178 PMCID: PMC8510326 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two post-curing methods on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed denture base material. Additionally, to compare the mechanical properties of that 3D-printed material with those of conventional autopolymerizing and a heat-cured denture base material. A resin for 3D-printing denture base (Imprimo®), a heat-polymerizing acrylic resin (Paladon® 65), and an autopolymerizing acrylic resin (Palapress®) were investigated. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, work of fracture, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The 3D-printed test specimens were post-cured using two different units (Imprimo Cure® and Form Cure®). The tests were carried out after both dry and 30 days water storage. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Resin type had a significant effect on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and work of fracture (p < 0.001). The flexural strength and elastic modulus for the heat-cured polymer were significantly the highest among all investigated groups regardless of the storage condition (p < 0.001). The fracture toughness and work of fracture of the 3D-printed material were significantly the lowest (p < 0.001). The heat-cured polymer had the lowest significant water solubility (p < 0.001). The post-curing method had an impact on the flexural strength of the investigated 3D-printed denture base material. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, work of fracture of the 3D-printed material were inferior to those of the heat-cured one. Increased post-curing temperature may enhance the flexural properties of resin monomers used for 3D-printing dental appliances.
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Aati S, Akram Z, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO 2 nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e360-e374. [PMID: 33663884 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and investigate efficacy of loading functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles in 3-dimensional (3D) printed acrylate ester-based resin subjected to accelerated aging in artificial saliva. As well as to evaluate the effect of ZrO2 nanoparticle volume fraction addition on mechanical and physical properties of printed composite. METHODS Functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles were characterized using TEM and Raman spectroscopy. 3D printed dental resin was reinforced, with ZrO2 nanoparticles, in the concentration range (0-5wt.%). The resulted nanocomposites, in term of structure and physical/mechanical properties were evaluated using different mechanical testing, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS ZrO2 based nanocomposite was successful and formed composites were more ductile. Degree of conversion was significant at the highest level with blank resin and 1wt.%. Sorption revealed reduction associated with volume fraction significant to neat resin, however solubility indicated neat and 4wt.% had the lowest significant dissolution. Vickers represented critical positive correlation with filler content, while nanohardness and elasticity behaved symmetrically and had the maximum strength at 3wt.% addition. In addition, 3wt.% showed the highest fracture toughness and modulus. Improvement of flexural strength was significantly linked to filler concentration. Overall properties dramatically were enhanced after 3 months aging in artificial saliva, especially degree of conversion, microhardness, nanoindentation/elasticity, and flexural modulus. However, significant reduction was observed with flexural modulus and fracture toughness. SIGNIFICANCE The outcomes suggest that the newly developed 3D printed nanocomposites modified with ZrO2 nanoparticle have the superior potential and efficacy as long-term provisional dental restoration materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
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Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2299. [PMID: 33049984 PMCID: PMC7599472 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of polymers are commonly used for various applications in prosthodontics. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used for prosthetic dental applications, including the fabrication of artificial teeth, denture bases, dentures, obturators, orthodontic retainers, temporary or provisional crowns, and for the repair of dental prostheses. Additional dental applications of PMMA include occlusal splints, printed or milled casts, dies for treatment planning, and the embedding of tooth specimens for research purposes. The unique properties of PMMA, such as its low density, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, ease of manipulation, and tailorable physical and mechanical properties, make it a suitable and popular biomaterial for these dental applications. To further improve the properties (thermal properties, water sorption, solubility, impact strength, flexural strength) of PMMA, several chemical modifications and mechanical reinforcement techniques using various types of fibers, nanoparticles, and nanotubes have been reported recently. The present article comprehensively reviews various aspects and properties of PMMA biomaterials, mainly for prosthodontic applications. In addition, recent updates and modifications to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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15
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Zidan S, Silikas N, Haider J, Yates J. Long-Term Sorption and Solubility of Zirconia-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite in Water and Artificial Saliva. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173732. [PMID: 32847026 PMCID: PMC7503455 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of denture base acrylic resins to the oral environment and storage media for extended periods of time results in sorption of saliva or water, leading to a reduction in physical properties and thus clinical service life. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the sorption and solubility of high-impact heat-polymerised denture base acrylic resin (HI PMMA) impregnated with zirconia nanoparticles after being stored for 180 days in distilled water (DW) and artificial saliva (AS). The specimens were divided into six groups for each storage medium, according to the concentration of zirconia nanoparticles (0, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 wt.%). Data were statistically analysed for sorption and solubility using one-way and two-way ANOVA statistical tests. Sorption in DW and AS for all groups containing zirconia showed sorption values lower than the control group at 90 days, though not significantly different (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. For both the DW and AS groups, the lowest solubility value was measured in the group containing 3 wt.% zirconia, however, there was no significant difference compared to the control group except when observing 10 wt.% zirconia in AS, which showed a significantly higher solubility (p < 0.05). High-impact PMMA, impregnated with low concentrations of ZrO2, showed the lowest sorption and solubility in both media, but was not significantly different compared to pure HI PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Zidan
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (N.S.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-79-3309-6536
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (N.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Julian Yates
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (N.S.); (J.Y.)
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16
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Katheng A, Kanazawa M, Iwaki M, Minakuchi S. Evaluation of dimensional accuracy and degree of polymerization of stereolithography photopolymer resin under different postpolymerization conditions: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 125:695-702. [PMID: 32416982 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The appropriate postpolymerization of stereolithography (SLA) resins with the least effect on dimensional accuracy and with optimal polymerization is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the dimensional accuracy and degree of polymerization of a photopolymer resin for SLA with different postpolymerizing times and temperatures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty 1.5-mm-thick specimens were made from clear photopolymer resin with a 3D printer to simulate a maxillary complete denture. They were postpolymerized for different periods (15 and 30 minutes) at 3 different temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C). Both prepolymerization and postpolymerization gap sizes for each specimen were measured at 5 different locations under a stereomicroscope. The tissue surface was scanned before and after polymerization, and the images were superimposed. The deviation was analyzed by using computer-aided design (CAD) software; root mean square estimates (RMSE) and color map data were obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was used to determine the degree of conversion (DC) of all specimens. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to calculate the difference value of the gap sizes (α=.05). One-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used for RMSE and DC (α=.05). RESULTS The smallest average change in gap sizes was found at 15 minutes and 40 °C, and the largest change at 30 minutes and 80 °C. The lowest RMSE was obtained at 30 minutes and 40 °C (P<.05). On the color map, a uniform deposited layer was created at 15 minutes and 40 °C and 30 minutes and 40 °C. The highest DC was found at 30 minutes and 60 °C, which differed significantly from 15 minutes and 40 °C (P<.05). The lowest degree of polymerization was found at 30 minutes and 40 °C. CONCLUSIONS The polymerizing temperature exerted a greater effect than polymerizing time, with lower temperatures leading to improved fit and tissue surface accuracy. The recommended parameters for SLA polymerization are 15 minutes and 40 °C. These conditions offered high dimensional accuracy, favorable surface tissue adaptation, and satisfactory DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awutsadaporn Katheng
- Graduate student, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Assistant Professor, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Maiko Iwaki
- Project Assistant Professor, General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Professor, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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HAYRAN Y, KESKIN Y. Flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate copolymers as a denture base resin. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:678-686. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz HAYRAN
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry
| | - Yasemin KESKIN
- Ankara University, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry
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18
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The Influence of Graphene in Improvement of Physico-Mechanical Properties in PMMA Denture Base Resins. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142335. [PMID: 31340462 PMCID: PMC6678796 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical performances of dental materials depend on their mechanical profiles, determining their long-term deformation and wear resistance. This paper describes a study on the mechanical properties, water absorption and morphological properties of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin enriched with graphene-silver nanoparticles (Gr-Ag). Two different concentrations—1 and 2 wt.%—of Gr-Ag were loaded into the PMMA material. For the mechanical characterization, the compression behavior, flexural strength and tensile strength were evaluated. Optical microscopy in polarized light and scanning electron microscopy were used for filler analysis. The filler addition led to an improvement in all mechanical properties, with slight changes being derived from the filler content variation. Gr-Ag use led to an increase in the applied maximum loads. Moreover, 1 wt.% Gr-Ag determined an increase of 174% in the modulus of rupture, which indicates high flexibility.
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19
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Residual monomer elution from different conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers during artificial aging. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:277-284. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Schreier A, Liehr S, Wosniok A, Krebber K. Investigation on the Influence of Humidity on Stimulated Brillouin Backscattering in Perfluorinated Polymer Optical Fibers. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113952. [PMID: 30445689 PMCID: PMC6263901 DOI: 10.3390/s18113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fibers are characterized with respect to the influence of relative humidity changes on spectral transmission absorption and Rayleigh backscattering. The hygroscopic and thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber are determined to be CHE = (7.4 ± 0.1) ·10−6 %r.h.−1 and CTE = (22.7 ± 0.3) ·10−6 K−1, respectively. The influence of humidity on the Brillouin backscattering power and linewidth are presented for the first time to our knowledge. The Brillouin backscattering power at a pump wavelength of 1319 nm is affected by temperature and humidity. The Brillouin linewidth is observed to be a function of temperature but not of humidity. The strain coefficient of the BFS is determined to be CS= (−146.5 ± 0.9) MHz/% for a wavelength of 1319 nm within a strain range from 0.1% to 1.5%. The obtained results demonstrate that the humidity-induced Brillouin frequency shift is predominantly caused by the swelling of the fiber over-cladding that leads to fiber straining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Schreier
- Devision Fibre Optic Sensors, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sascha Liehr
- Devision Fibre Optic Sensors, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aleksander Wosniok
- Devision Fibre Optic Sensors, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katerina Krebber
- Devision Fibre Optic Sensors, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Çakırbay Tanış M, Akay C, Sevim H. Cytotoxicity of long-term denture base materials. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:677-683. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398818786884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of various denture base materials following four different aging periods. Methods: In total, 48 disc-shaped specimens per each group were prepared: Group I: acrylic resin polymerized in cool water and heated up to 100°C over 45 min and boiled for 15 min; Group II: acrylic resin polymerized under pressure in 40°C–45°C water bath for 10 min; Group III: autopolymerized hard relining resin Cold Liner Rebase; Group IV: autopolymerized hard relining resin Truliner; Group V: soft relining resin DentuSil. Then the specimens were stored in water for 24 h or 15 days, or thermocycled 2500 times or 10,000 times. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using L929 cells after 72-h cell incubation. Cell viability percentages were counted and statistical analyses were performed. The results were also evaluated according to ISO standard 10993-5. Results: All materials showed similar cell viability percentages following 24-h water storage and 2500 and 10,000 thermal cycles. Following 15-day water storage, a statistically significant difference was observed between the materials. Comparisons of the aging periods for each material showed statistically significant differences. Groups III and IV showed moderately cytotoxic effect following 15-day water storage. The remaining groups showed slightly cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic effect. Discussion: Polymerizing acrylic resins under pressure can be an alternative to conventional polymerizing to ensure a faster denture repair while providing similar cell viability values. Heat-cured acrylic resins provide higher cell viability than hard chairside lining materials in a 15-day period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Çakırbay Tanış
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Handan Sevim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM. Effect of polymerization technique and glass fiber addition on the surface roughness and hardness of PMMA denture base material. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:746-753. [PMID: 29925729 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effects of autoclave polymerization both with and without glass fiber (GF) reinforcement on the surface roughness and hardness of acrylic denture base material. Ninety disc specimens (30×2.5 mm) were prepared from Vertex resin and divided according to polymerization techniques into a water bath, short and long autoclave polymerization groups. Tested groups were divided into three subgroups according to the GF concentration (0, 2.5, and 5 wt%). Profilometer and Vickers hardness tests were performed to measure surface roughness and hardness. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests analyzed the results, and p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Autoclave polymerization significantly decreased the surface roughness and increased the hardness of acrylic resin without GF reinforcement (p<0.05). However, 5 wt% GF addition significantly increased surface roughness and decreased hardness of the autoclave polymerized denture base resin (p<0.05). Surface properties of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material improved with autoclave polymerization and negatively affected with GFs addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
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23
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Wiedemair V, Mayr S, Wimmer DS, Köck EM, Penner S, Kerstan A, Steinmassl PA, Dumfahrt H, Huck CW. Novel Molecular Spectroscopic Multimethod Approach for Monitoring Water Absorption/Desorption Kinetics of CAD/CAM Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Prosthodontics. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1600-1612. [PMID: 27956591 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816682742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water absorbed to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based CAD/CAM (computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing) prosthodontics can alter their properties including hardness and stability. In the present contribution, water absorption and desorption kinetics under defined experimental conditions were monitored employing several supplementary and advanced Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques in combination with multivariate analysis (MVA). In this synergistic vibrational spectroscopic multimethod approach, first a novel near-infrared (NIR) diffuse fiber optic probe reflection spectroscopic method was established for time-resolved analysis of water uptake within seven days under controlled conditions. Near-infrared water absorbance spectra in a wavenumber range between 5288-5100 cm-1 (combination band) and 5424-5352 cm-1 (second overtone) were used establishing corresponding calibration and validation models to quantify the amount of water in the milligram range. Therefore, 14 well-defined samples exposed to prior optimized experimental conditions were taken into consideration. The average daily water uptake conducting reference analysis was calculated as 22 mg/day for one week. Additionally, in this study for the first time NIR two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was conducted to monitor and interpret the spectral dynamics of water absorption on the prosthodontics in a wavenumber range of 5100-5300 cm-1. For sensitive time-resolved recording of water desorption, a recently developed high-temperature, high-pressure FT-IR reaction cell with water-free ultra-dry in situ and operando operation was applied. The reaction cell, as well as the sample holder, was fully made of quartz glass, with no hot metal or ceramic parts in the vicinity of the high temperature zone. Applying a temperature gradient in the range of 25-150 ℃, mid-infrared (MIR) 2D-COS was successfully conducted to get insights into the dynamic behavior of O-H (1400-1800 cm-1) absorption bands with increasing temperature over time and the release of CO2 (2450 cm-1) from the polymers. In addition, an ATR FT-IR imaging setup was optimized in order to investigate the surface homogeneity of the PMMA-based resins with a spatial resolution to 2 µm. From this vibrational spectroscopic multimethod approach and the collection of several analytical data, conclusions were drawn as to which degree the surface structure and/or its porosity have an impact onto the amount of water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wiedemair
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Mayr
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel S Wimmer
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Köck
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Penner
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Patricia-Anca Steinmassl
- 4 University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Dumfahrt
- 4 University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W Huck
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gad MM, Fouda SM, ArRejaie AS, Al‐Thobity AM. Comparative Effect of Different Polymerization Techniques on the Flexural and Surface Properties of Acrylic Denture Bases. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:458-465. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws S. ArRejaie
- Prosthetic dental sciences DepartmentCollege of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Al‐Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia
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25
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Influence of the cross-linking agent on mechanical properties of PMMA powder with compromised particle morphology. Int Orthod 2017; 15:151-164. [PMID: 28389183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a cross-linking agent on the mechanical properties of self-cured orthodontic acrylic resin using PMMA powder (CPM-PMMA) with a compromised microstructure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mechanical properties of three sample groups were investigated in this study: CPM-PMMA, orthocryl and orthoplast. CPM-PMMA powder was prepared by suspension polymerization. It was mixed with a commercially available liquid (orthocryl) to yield a test specimen and to compare its flexural properties and Vicker hardness with the two commercial products. Molecular weight and particle size distribution of all groups were examined. Particle morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). RESULTS The average molecular weight of the CPM-PMMA powder was similar to that of the industrial products. Its particle size distribution was narrow and limited to large sizes (91.1-149μm). SEM and OM presented the compromise particle morphology. However, the flexural properties and Vicker hardness of CPM-PMMA powder mixed with orthocryl liquid showed no significant difference compared with orthocryl sample group. In addition, the CPM-PMMA had higher flexural properties than the orthoplast samples. CONCLUSIONS Although the CPM-PMMA powder presented a compromised particle morphology and narrow particle size distribution, when mixed with orthocryl liquid, the cured resin produced acceptable mechanical properties due to the large amount of cross-linking agent. This result could indicate that the mechanical properties of self-cured acrylic resins are mainly dependent on the amount of cross-linking agent in the liquid component.
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26
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Saen-Isara T, Dechkunakorn S, Anuwongnukroh N, Srikhirin T, Tanodekaew S, Wichai W. Influence de l’agent réticulant sur les propriétés mécaniques de particules à morphologie compromise dans le PMMA en poudre. Int Orthod 2017; 15:151-164. [PMID: 28389182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassanaporn Saen-Isara
- Department of orthodontics, research office, faculty of dentistry, Mahidol university, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachai Dechkunakorn
- Department of orthodontics, research office, faculty of dentistry, Mahidol university, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Niwat Anuwongnukroh
- Department of orthodontics, research office, faculty of dentistry, Mahidol university, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Toemsak Srikhirin
- Department of physics, faculty of science, Mahidol university, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Tanodekaew
- Biomedical engineering research unit, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pahonyothin Road, KlongNueng, KlongLuang, 12120 Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Wassana Wichai
- Department of orthodontics, research office, faculty of dentistry, Mahidol university, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Ragher M, Vinayakumar G, Patil S, Chatterjee A, Mallikarjuna DM, Dandekeri S, Swetha V, Pradeep MR. Variations in Flexural Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resin after the Usage of Denture Cleansers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:322-6. [PMID: 27340167 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in the flexural strength of heat-cured denture base resins when treated using denture cleansers. STUDY DESIGN A total of 40 specimens with dimension 65 mm length, 10 mm width, and 3 mm thickness were prepared as per ISO 1567 specification. A total of 10 specimens were immersed in distilled water to be used as control. Of the remaining 30 samples, 10 were treated with Clinsodent, 10 with VI-Clean, and 10 with Clanden denture cleansers. Specimens in each group were subjected to three-point flexural load in universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. The peak load (N) was recorded and flexural strength was calculated. The findings were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Heat-cured denture base resin selected for this study showed significant difference in flexural strength after immersion in denture cleansers Clinsodent, VI-Clean, and Clanden solutions, when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Findings of this study showed that denture cleansers altered the flexural strength of heat polymerized acrylic resins that endured soaking cycles which simulated 180 days of use. Hence, denture cleansers should be used with caution, once a day after brushing the dentures. It is advisable for patients to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Ragher
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, Phone: +917676708707, e-mail:
| | - G Vinayakumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Sciences Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanketsopan Patil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yogitha Dental College and Hospital, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aishwarya Chatterjee
- Department of Prosthodontics, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - D M Mallikarjuna
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Savita Dandekeri
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Swetha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M R Pradeep
- Department of Prosthodontics, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Matos AO, Costa JO, Beline T, Ogawa ES, Assunção WG, Mesquita MF, Consani RX, Barão VA. Effect of Disinfection on the Bond Strength between Denture Teeth and Microwave-Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base. J Prosthodont 2016; 27:169-176. [PMID: 26999386 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Denture tooth debonding is a common complication for denture wearers; however, the effect of complete denture disinfection on bonding between denture teeth and acrylic resin remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of disinfection methods on the bond strength between denture teeth and microwave-cured acrylic resin denture base. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercial brands of denture teeth (Trilux, Biolux, Vipi Dent Plus) and one microwave-cured acrylic resin denture base were tested. Each brand of denture teeth was divided into seven groups (n = 6; estimated by partial Eta squared). The specimenss of groups H and Cl were immersed in 1% sodium hypochlorite and 4% chlorhexidine digluconate for 7 days, respectively. In group Br, the specimens were subjected to toothbrush simulation under 200 g of force for 20,000 cycles. In groups Br-H and Br-Cl, the specimens were brushed and further disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 4% chlorhexidine digluconate, respectively. In control groups 1 (Co1) and 2 (Co2), the specimens were stored in distilled water for 50 ± 2 hours and 7 days, respectively. Shear bond strength testing was performed at the resin/tooth interface in a universal testing machine at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The failure pattern was quantified and classified into adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite (p = 0.031), brushing (p < 0.0001), and association of brushing with either 1% sodium hypochlorite (p < 0.0001) or 4% chlorhexidine digluconate (p = 0.01) reduced the bond strength between denture teeth and microwave-cured acrylic resin denture base. All commercial brands of denture teeth presented a similar bond strength (p > 0.05). The failure pattern was predominantly adhesive independent of the disinfection method and denture tooth brand. CONCLUSIONS Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite, brushing, and the association of mechanical and chemical methods reduced the bond strength between denture tooth and microwave-cured acrylic resin denture base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaias O Matos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Thamara Beline
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erika S Ogawa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Wirley G Assunção
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mesquita
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rafael X Consani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Valentim A Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
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Duymus ZY, Ozdogan A, Ulu H, Ozbayram O. Evaluation the Vickers Hardness of Denture Base Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2016.64014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moreno A, Goiato MC, Oliveira KF, Iyda MG, Haddad MF, de Carvalho Dekon SF, dos Santos DM. Color stability of the artificial iris button in an ocular prosthesis before and after acrylic resin polymerization. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2015; 38:414-8. [PMID: 26066757 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amália Moreno
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil.
| | - Kamila Freitas Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Garib Iyda
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcela Filié Haddad
- Federal University of Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Alfenas, UNIFAL, Brazil
| | - Stefan Fiuza de Carvalho Dekon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil
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Klironomos T, Katsimpali A, Polyzois G. The Effect of Microwave Disinfection on Denture Base Polymers, Liners and Teeth: A Basic Overview. Acta Stomatol Croat 2015; 49:242-53. [PMID: 27688409 PMCID: PMC4993596 DOI: 10.15644/asc49/3/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to overview the current scientific knowledge concerning the effect of microwave disinfection on denture related material properties. Cross-infection control in dentistry is a significant issue in everyday clinical practice due to the recent increase in some infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, C and AIDS and therefore numerous methods of disinfection have been used. The most widespread method of disinfection used in everyday practice is chemical, however, studies have suggested that chemical disinfectants alter the physical and mechanical properties of the acrylic resins and enable the growth and proliferation of certain bacteria. Therefore, microwaves were introduced as an easy to use-and-access, low cost, chemical free alternative. The question that arose was if and in what way the microwave irradiation affected the denture related material properties. Microwaving affects the denture resin bases, liners and teeth in different ways. The results showed that microwave disinfection could be a safe alternative for the disinfection of denture bases and liners compared to the chemical one, when the procedure is carried out in dry conditions, but could possibly cause dimensional changes of clinical significance on them when the irradiation takes place in wet environment. It also seems to have no detrimental effects of clinical importance on the flexural properties, impact strength and hardness of denture resins and the bond, flexural strength, porosity and hardness of denture liners. The effects of microwave disinfection on the hardness of denture teeth and teeth/denture bond strength are still controversial and no safe conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory Polyzois
- Professor, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Bonaque-González S, Amigó A, Rodríguez-Luna C. Recommendations for post-adaption care of an ocular prosthesis: A review. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2015; 38:397-401. [PMID: 26142648 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An ocular prosthesis must be maintained in a suitable state of cleanliness, fit and preservation. Otherwise its functioning may be compromised, leading to a variety of diseases. However, there is a lack of consensus on the care of such prostheses. This review assembles and attempts to update existing knowledge in this area and discusses the most appropriate care regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bonaque-González
- Instituto Oftalmológico Amigó, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Física, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Amigó
- Instituto Oftalmológico Amigó, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Nejatian T, Sefat F, Johnson T. Impact of Packing and Processing Technique on Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Denture Base Materials. MATERIALS 2015. [PMCID: PMC5455536 DOI: 10.3390/ma8052093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The fracture resistance of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the most popular denture base material is not satisfactory. Different factors can be involved in denture fracture. Among them, flexural fatigue and impact are the most common failure mechanisms of an acrylic denture base. It has been shown that there is a correlation between the static strength and fatigue life of composite resins. Therefore, the transverse strength of the denture base materials can be an important indicator of their service life. In order to improve the fracture resistance of PMMA, extensive studies have been carried out; however, only a few promising results were achieved, which are limited to some mechanical properties of PMMA at the cost of other properties. This study aimed at optimizing the packing and processing condition of heat-cured PMMA as a denture base resin in order to improve its biaxial flexural strength (BFS). The results showed that the plain type of resin with a powder/monomer ratio of 2.5:1 or less, packed conventionally and cured in a water bath for 2 h at 95 °C provides the highest BFS. Also, it was found that the performance of the dry heat processor is inconsistent with the number of flasks being loaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Nejatian
- Dental Materials Unit, School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK; E-Mail:
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TA, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +966-135-895-438 (ext. 5438); Fax: +966-135-817-068
| | - Tony Johnson
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TA, UK; E-Mail:
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Sahin O, Ozdemir AK, Turgut M, Boztug A, Sumer Z. Investigation of flexural strength and cytotoxicity of acrylic resin copolymers by using different polymerization methods. J Adv Prosthodont 2015; 7:98-107. [PMID: 25932307 PMCID: PMC4414953 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to appraise the some mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate based denture base resin polymerized by copolymerization mechanism, and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of these copolymer resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) were added to monomers of conventional heat polymerized and injection-molded poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin contents of 2%, 3%, and 5% by volume and polymerization was carried out. Three-point bending test was performed to detect flexural strength and the elasticity modulus of the resins. To determine the statistical differences between the study groups, the Kruskall-Wallis test was performed. Then pairwise comparisons were performed between significant groups by Mann-Whitney U test. Agar-overlay test was performed to determine cytotoxic effect of copolymer resins. Chemical analysis was determined by FTIR spectrum. RESULTS Synthesis of the copolymer was approved by FTIR spectroscopy. Within the conventional heat-polymerized group maximum transverse strength had been seen in the HEMA 2% concentration; however, when the concentration ratio increased, the strength decreased. In the injection-molded group, maximum transverse strength had been seen in the IBMA 2% concentration; also as the concentration ratio increased, the strength decreased. Only IBMA showed no cytotoxic effect at low concentrations when both two polymerization methods applied while HEMA showed cytotoxic effect in the injection-molded resins. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that IBMA and HEMA may be used in low concentration and at high temperature to obtain non-cytotoxic and durable copolymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Sahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Ozdemir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Turgut
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dentaforum Dental Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Boztug
- Department of Chemistry, Tunceli University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Sumer
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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SPARTALIS GK, CAPPELLETTI LK, SCHOEFFEL AC, MICHÉL MD, PEGORARO TA, ARRAIS CAG, NEPPELENBROEK KH, URBAN VM. Effect of conventional water-bath and experimental microwave polymerization cycles on the flexural properties of denture base acrylic resins. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:623-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Comparative effect of different polymerization techniques on residual monomer and hardness properties of PMMA-based denture resins. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2014; 12:228-33. [PMID: 25199069 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the residual monomer and microhardness of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based denture resins processed by using autoclave and conventional water bath techniques. METHODS To determine the amount of residual methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, disk-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared from 3 different acrylic resins (Meliodent, Paladent and Qc-20). Control groups were polymerized in water bath for 30 minutes at 100°C. The study groups were prepared in an autoclave device for 60°C/30 min followed 130°C/10 min and the other group for 60°C/30 min followed by 130°C/20 min. According to standard calibration curves, ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 230 nm was used to determine the residual monomer. For the Vickers hardness measurements, disk-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared for each test group. Hardness measurements were performed with a Vickers hardness tester under a 4.91-N press load for a 30 seconds, after immersion in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 hours. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p<0.05). RESULTS Autoclave polymerization produced a significant decrease in the amount of residual monomers for all resin groups (p<0.05). This procedure also showed a significant increase in hardness for all resin groups (p<0.05). For the 3 resin groups, no significant differences were found between autoclave polymerization for 10 minutes and for 20 minutes (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The autoclave polymerization technique exhibited significantly lower residual monomer content and greater hardness than conventional heat polymerization.
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Nik TH, Shahroudi AS, Eraghihzadeh Z, Aghajani F. Comparison of residual monomer loss from cold-cure orthodontic acrylic resins processed by different polymerization techniques. J Orthod 2014; 41:30-7. [DOI: 10.1179/1465313313y.0000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kansu G, Kalyoncuoğlu T, Uyar P, Uzun E. Cell death induced by eluates from hypoallergenic denture base acrylic resins in NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kawaguchi T, Lassila LV, Sasaki H, Takahashi Y, Vallittu PK. Effect of heat treatment of polymethyl methacrylate powder on mechanical properties of denture base resin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Goiato MC, Bannwart LC, Haddad MF, dos Santos DM, Pesqueira AA, Miyahara GI. Fabrication techniques for ocular prostheses--an overview. Orbit 2014; 33:229-233. [PMID: 24568127 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2014.881395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The goals of treatment with ocular prostheses are to restore facial aesthetics and self-esteem to anophthalmic patients. Fabricated in acrylic resin, artificial eyes should be aesthetically pleasing, scratch-resistant, and adequately polished. Use of a prosthesis without such characteristics can lead to psychological damage, as well as infection and inflammation due to the accumulation of microorganisms and other substances on an irregularly shaped prosthesis. The present literature review describes the different techniques for fabricating ocular prostheses. Reproduction of the iris color and color stability are important factors that promote adequate aesthetics. The fabrication of an individual ocular prosthesis in acrylic resin provides satisfactory aesthetic results because the impression process establishes the defect contour. Additionally, the iris and sclera can be individually characterized. As the techniques, materials, and manufacturing methods for ocular prostheses continue to evolve, the aesthetics and functionality of prostheses will also improve.
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Al-Haddad A, Vahid Roudsari R, Satterthwaite JD. Fracture toughness of heat cured denture base acrylic resin modified with Chlorhexidine and Fluconazole as bioactive compounds. J Dent 2013; 42:180-4. [PMID: 24269832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of incorporating Chlorhexidine and Fluconazole as bioactive compounds on the fracture toughness of conventional heat cured denture base acrylic resin material (PMMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 single edge-notched (SEN) samples were prepared and divided into three groups. 10% (mass) Chlorhexidine and 10% (mass) Diflucan powder (4.5% mass Fluconazole) were added to heat cured PMMA respectively to create the two study groups. A third group of conventional heat cured PMMA was prepared as the control group. Fracture toughness (3-point bending test) was carried out for each sample and critical force (Fc) and critical stress intensity factor (KIC) values measured. Data were subject to parametric statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni test (p=0.05). RESULTS Fluconazole had no significant effect on the fracture toughness of the PMMA while Chlorhexidine significantly reduced the KIC and therefore affected the fracture toughness. CONCLUSION When considering addition of a bioactive material to PMMA acrylic, Chlorhexidine will result in reduced fracture toughness of the acrylic base while Fluconazole has no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al-Haddad
- Research Student, School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Vahid Roudsari
- Clinical Lecturer and Honorary Speciality Registrar in Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Julian D Satterthwaite
- Professor in Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Alsharif SO, Hazizan MA, El-Aziz NAA, Ahmad ZA. Simulated Body Fluid Sorption and Solubility of Silica Reinforced Dental Resin Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH 2013; 795:626-630. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of filler loading on the sorption and solubility of Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) of self-prepared micro dental resin composites. The prepared resin composite was based on silica (SiO2) particles and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) as a base monomer and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a co-monomer. The filler was mixed with monomers, in proportions of 40, 50 and 60 wt.%. A resin matrix containing 0 wt.% filler was used as the control composition to evaluate the effect of filler loading on the sorption and solubility of SBF. The experimental methods were based on the procedure mentioned in the ISO 4049 (2009) standard for dentistry-Polymer-based restorative Materials. The sorption and solubility of resin matrix/SiO2composite decreased gradually as the filler loading increased. The increase of filler loading showed significant differences in the sorption and solubility as tested by ANOVA (P= 0.000).
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Goiato MC, dos Santos DM, Baptista GT, Moreno A, Andreotti AM, Dekon SFDC. Effect of thermal cycling and disinfection on microhardness of acrylic resin denture base. J Med Eng Technol 2013; 37:203-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2013.774444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Machado AL, Bochio BC, Wady AF, Jorge JH, Canevarolo SV, Vergani CE. Impact strength of denture base and reline acrylic resins: An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF DENTAL BIOMECHANICS 2012; 3:1758736012459535. [PMID: 22977461 PMCID: PMC3439827 DOI: 10.1177/1758736012459535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact strength of a denture base resin (Lucitone 550-L) and four reline resins (Tokuyama Rebase II-T; Ufi Gel Hard-U; New Truliner-NT, and Kooliner-K), both intact and in a reline combination (L/L, L/T, L/U, L/NT, and L/K). For each group (n = 20), half of the specimens were thermocycled before testing. Charpy tests were performed, and the impact strengths were calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way analyses of variance and Tukey's test (p = 0.05). For the intact groups, mean impact strength values for L (1.65 and 1.50) were significantly higher than those of the reline resins (0.38-1.17). For the relined groups, the highest mean impact strength values were produced by L/T (5.76 and 5.12), L/NT (6.20 and 6.03), and L/K (5.60 and 5.31) and the lowest by L/U (0.76 and 0.78). There were no significant differences between L and L/L. Thermocycling reduced the impact strength of T (from 0.73 to 0.38) and L/L (from 1.82 to 1.56).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Machado
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Salim N, Satterthwaite JD, Rautemaa R, Silikas N. Impregnation with antimicrobials challenge bonding properties and water sorption behaviour of an acrylic liner. J Dent 2012; 40:693-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Köroǧlu A, Özdemir T, Duru Pamir A, Usanmaz A. Residual acrylic monomer content of denture base resins with different fiber systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effect of autoclave postpolymerization treatments on the fracture toughness of autopolymerizing dental acrylic resins. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2012; 10:37-42. [PMID: 22328342 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.9271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microwave and water bath postpolymerization have been suggested as methods to improve the mechanical properties of heat and autopolymerizing acrylic resins. However, the effects of autoclave heating on the fracture properties of autopolymerizing acrylic resins have not been investigated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various autoclave postpolymerization methods on the fracture properties of 3 different autopolymerizing acrylic resins. METHODS Forty-two specimens of 3 different autopolymerizing acrylic resins (Orthocryl, Paladent RR and Futurajet) were fabricated (40x8x4mm), and each group was further divided into 6 subgroups (n=7). Control group specimens remained as processed (Group 1). The first test group was postpolymerized in a cassette autoclave at 135°C for 6 minutes and the other groups were postpolymerized in a conventional autoclave at 130°C using different time settings (5, 10, 20 or 30 minutes). Fracture toughness was then measured with a three-point bending test. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Duncan test (α=0.05). RESULTS The fracture toughness of Orthocryl and Paladent-RR acrylic resins significantly increased following conventional autoclave postpolymerization at 130°C for 10 minutes (P<.05). However, the fracture toughness of autoclave postpolymerized Futurajet was not significantly different than its control specimens (P<.05). The fracture toughness of Futurajet was significantly less than Paladent RR and Orthocryl specimens when autoclaved at 130°C for 10 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be suggested that autoclave postpolymerization is an effective method for increasing the fracture toughness of tested autoploymerized acrylic resins.
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Finoti LS, Machado AL, Chaves CDAL, Pavarina AC, Vergani CE. Effect of long-term water immersion on the fracture toughness of denture base and reline resins. Gerodontology 2011; 29:e858-64. [PMID: 22103841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the fracture toughness (FT) of one denture base (Lucitone 550 - L) and four hard reline resins [Ufi Gel Hard (UH), Tokuyama Rebase II (TR), New Truliner (NT) and Kooliner (K)], and the effect of long-term water storage on this property. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty specimens (40 × 8 × 4 mm) of each material were made, and FT was assessed after polymerisation (control of reliners), after 48 ± 2 h in water at 37°C (control of denture base resin) and after storage in water at 37°C for 7, 90 or 180 days (all materials). Data (MPa.m(1/2) ) were analysed by two-way anova and Games-Howell test (p = 0.05). RESULTS Resin L exhibited the highest FT mean values. After 180 days of storage, FT mean values of L (3.37), UH (1.53) and K (1.20) were higher than those of the other periods. FT mean values of NT decreased from control (1.63) to 7 days (1.30) and then remained constant. FT mean values of TR (1.13) were similar in all periods of analysis. CONCLUSION The denture base resin L showed higher FT mean values than the reline resins. Long-term water storage increased the FT of L, UH and K, reduced the FT of NT and did not influence the FT of TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Sertori Finoti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Unesp, University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Arioli Filho JN, Butignon LE, Pereira RDP, Lucas MG, Mollo FDA. Flexural strength of acrylic resin repairs processed by different methods: water bath, microwave energy and chemical polymerization. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:249-53. [PMID: 21625742 PMCID: PMC4234338 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture fractures are common in daily practice, causing inconvenience to the patient
and to the dentists. Denture repairs should have adequate strength, dimensional
stability and color match, and should be easily and quickly performed as well as
relatively inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neudenir Arioli Filho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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