1
|
Mirakzehi M, Kermanshahi H, Golian A, Raji A. The effects of dietary 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and hydroalcoholic extract ofWithania somniferaroot on bone mineralisation, strength and histological characteristics in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:789-800. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.850469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
2
|
Differential Regulation of Calbindin in the Calcium-Transporting Organs of Birds with High Calcium Requirements. J Poult Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.46.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
3
|
Bar A. Calcium transport in strongly calcifying laying birds: mechanisms and regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 152:447-69. [PMID: 19118637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Birds that lay long clutches (series of eggs laid sequentially before a "pause day"), among them the high-producing, strongly-calcifying Gallus gallus domesticus (domestic hen) and Coturnix coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), transfer about 10% of their total body calcium daily. They appear, therefore, to be the most efficient calcium-transporters among vertebrates. Such intensive transport imposes severe demands on ionic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and activates at least two extremely effective mechanisms for Ca2+ transfer from food and bone to the eggshell. This review focuses on the development, action and regulation of the mechanisms associated with paracellular and transcellular Ca2+ transport in the intestine and the eggshell gland (ESG); it also considers some of the proteins (calbindin, Ca2+ATPase, Na+/Ca2+ exchange, epithelial calcium channels (TRPVs), osteopontin and carbonic anhydrase (CA) associated with this phenomenon. Calbindins are discussed in some detail, as they appear to be a major component of the transcellular transport system, and as only they have been studied extensively in birds. The review aims to gather old and new knowledge, which could form a conceptual basis, albeit not a completely accepted one, for our understanding of the mechanisms associated with this phenomenon. In the intestine, the transcellular pathway appears to compensate for low Ca2+ intake, but in birds fed adequate calcium the major drive for calcium absorption remains the electrochemical potential difference (ECPD) that facilitates paracellular transport. However, the mechanisms involved in Ca2+ transport into the ESG lumen are not yet established. In the ESG, the presence of Ca2+-ATPase and calbindin--two components of the transcellular transport pathway--and the apparently uphill transport of Ca2+ support the idea that Ca2+ is transported via the transcellular pathway. However, the positive (plasma with respect to mucosa) electrical potential difference (EPD) in the ESG, among other findings, indicates that there may be major alternative or complementary paracellular passive transport pathways. The available evidence hints that the flow from the gut to the ESG, which occurs during a relatively short period (11 to 14 h out the 24- to 25.5-h egg cycle), is primarily driven by carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in the ESG, which results in high HCO3(-) content that, in turn, "sucks out" Ca2+ from the intestinal lumen via the blood and ESG cells, and deposits it in the shell crystals. The increased CA activity appears to be dependent on energy input, whereas it seems most likely that the Ca2+ movement is secondary, that it utilizes passive paracellular routes that fluctuate in accordance with the appearance of the energy-dependent CA activity, and that the level of Ca2+ movement mimics that of the CA activity. The on-off signals for the overall phenomenon have not yet been identified. They appear to be associated with the circadian cycle of gonadal hormones, coupled with the egg cycle: it is most likely that progesterone acts as the "off" signal, and that the "on" signal is provided by the combined effect of an as-yet undefined endocrine factor associated with ovulation and with the mechanical strain that results from "egg white" formation and "plumping". This strain may initially trigger the formation of the mammillae and the seeding of shell calcium crystals in the isthmus, and thereafter initiate the formation of the shell in the ESG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, the Volcani Ctr., Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bar A. Calcium homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism and expression in strongly calcifying laying birds. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 151:477-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
5
|
Bikle DD, Morrissey RL, Zolock DT, Rasmussen H. The intestinal response to vitamin D. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 89:63-142. [PMID: 7015459 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0035265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
6
|
Driver JP, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI, Edwards HM. Calcium requirements of the modern broiler chicken as influenced by dietary protein and age. Poult Sci 2006; 84:1629-39. [PMID: 16335133 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.10.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the calcium requirements of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets. Experiment 1 used a 6 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement and was conducted with broilers in floor pens during the grower phase (19 to 42 d). Diets were mixed with 6 levels of dietary Ca (0.325, 0.4, 0.475, 0.55, 0.625, and 0.9%) and 17 or 23% CP and fed to males and females separately. Experiment 2 was a 6 x 2 factorial design conducted using Petersime battery brooders during the starter phase (0 to 16 d). The same 6 levels of dietary Ca used in experiment 1 were fed separately to each sex, but only at the 23% level of CP. The diets used in both experiments were formulated to contain 0.45% nonphytin phosphorus. In experiment 1, grower chickens did not demonstrate significant body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) response (g of feed per g of gain) to the different levels of Ca at either level of protein. The percentage tibia ash did not respond to increasing Ca levels beyond 0.625% Ca at either protein level. In experiment 2, BWG increased linearly up to 0.55 and 0.625% dietary Ca for males and females, respectively. Feed conversion ratio decreased linearly with increasing dietary Ca up to 0.625% Ca, and tibia ash was highest at 0.9% Ca for both sexes. These results suggest that the current NRC Ca requirements for the broiler starter (1.0%) are sufficient for maximum bone ash, but that Ca requirements for grower birds (0.9%) may be excessive for optimum BWG, FCR, and tibia ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Driver
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2772, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan F, Angel R, Ashwell C, Mitchell A, Christman M. Evaluation of the broiler's ability to adapt to an early moderate deficiency of phosphorus and calcium. Poult Sci 2005; 84:1232-41. [PMID: 16156207 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.8.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the ability of broiler chickens to adapt to early moderate P and Ca deficiencies by evaluating the impact of feeding different concentrations of P and Ca, from 1 to 18 d, on performance, bone characteristics, and nutrient absorption in the grower (Gr) period (18 to 32 d). Two starter (St) diets were fed from 1 to 18 d: a control (C) diet [0.45% nonphytate P (nPP) and 0.9% Ca] and a low (L) diet (0.30% nPP and 0.6% Ca). On d 19, half of the birds fed the St C diet were switched to a Gr C diet (0.40% nPP and 0.8% Ca), and the other half were switched to a Gr L diet (0.30% nPP and 0.6% Ca), whereas those fed the L diet in the St phase were fed the L diet in the Gr phase, resulting in a total of 3 treatments. Broiler chickens fed the St L diet weighed less (P < 0.05) than those fed the St C diet at 18 d; however, by 23 d they had they caught up to the C-C birds, and no BW differences (P > 0.05) were observed at 28 and 32 d. Feeding the St L diet resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) tibia ash at 18 d, but by 32 d their tibia ash was not different from that of birds fed the St C and Gr L diets. Broilers subjected to P and Ca restriction from hatch to 18 d absorbed more P and Ca during all times sampled than birds fed the St C and Gr C diets or those fed the St C and the Gr L diet. These results demonstrated that modern broilers exhibited a high adaptive capacity when they were exposed to early dietary P or Ca restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Yan
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bar A, Shinder D, Yosefi S, Vax E, Plavnik I. Metabolism and requirements for calcium and phosphorus in the fast-growing chicken as affected by age. Br J Nutr 2003; 89:51-61. [PMID: 12568664 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three series of experiments were conducted with fast-growing chickens in order: to evaluate the effects of dietary Ca and P on cholecalciferol metabolism and expression; to determine dietary Ca requirements; to determine dietary P requirements. The results of the first series confirmed previous results on the effects of dietary Ca and P on some variables of vitamin D metabolism and expression, Ca homeostasis and P metabolism in the young chicken (1- to 21-d-old), and extended them to older birds (22- to 43-d-old). The bone formation rate and the duodenal calbindin content were maintained at high levels until the age of 43 d. Dietary Ca or P restriction increased duodenal calbindin and decreased bone ash in both 22- and 43-d-old chickens, but the effect on bone ash was less pronounced in the 43-d-old birds than in the younger ones. These results suggest that: (a) the capabilities for adaptation to dietary Ca and P restriction remain high during the whole growing period; (b) the growing broilers express a high adaptive capability even when the diet contains the recommended Ca and P contents. The results of the second and third series of experiments suggest that: (c) unlike the Ca requirements of the 1- to 22-d-old chick, P requirements for growth and bone ash are similar, and are as high in the older chicks as in the younger ones (7.4-8.3 g P/kg or 4.8-5.7 g non-phytate P/kg diet); (d) although growth and bone ash in the 29- to 43-d-old chickens appear to be less sensitive to dietary Ca content, within a range close to the calculated P requirement, 10 g Ca/kg diet appears to be required for best tibia mineralization, and to a lesser extent for better growth at this age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bar A, Vax E, Striem S. Effects of age at onset of production, light regime and dietary calcium on performance, eggshell traits, duodenal calbindin and cholecalciferol metabolism. Br Poult Sci 1998; 39:282-90. [PMID: 9649885 DOI: 10.1080/00071669889268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. Rate of production and shell thickness (ST) decreased, while body weight (BW), egg weight (EW) and percentage breakage increased progressively with age. Shell weight (SW) increased until 8 to 13 months of age and then decreased. 2. Early onset of production resulted in lower BW and EW at the onset of production, and lower pooled averages of BW, EW, SW and ST, as compared with late or medial onset of production. In 4 out of 5 trials, early onset did not result in the production of more eggs during the laying period. 3. Early onset of production is associated with physiological Ca deficiency as indicated by increases in kidney-1-hydroxylase and duodenal calbindin in early layers as compared with late layers. Early layers exhibited a more severe reduction in shell quality as the result of Ca deficiency as compared with late layers. 4. Feeding pullets with a prelaying diet containing 3.9% Ca did not affect unequivocally the performance or shell quality during the whole productive period, whether the birds started to lay early or late. The dietary treatment did not cause renal damage, as indicated by morphological examination and by plasma calcium and uric acid concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Influence of Dietary Phosphorus and Vitamin D3 Levels on In Vivo Limestone Solubilization, Plasma Calcium, and pH of the Digestive Tract of Leghorn Hens at Oviposition and During Egg Cycle. J APPL POULTRY RES 1992. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/1.3.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
11
|
Meyer J, Fullmer CS, Wasserman RH, Komm BS, Haussler MR. Dietary restriction of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D elicits differential regulation of the mRNAs for avian intestinal calbindin-D28k and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7:441-8. [PMID: 1376958 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]-induced calbindin-D28k (CaBP) and of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by evaluating CaBP protein, CaBP mRNA, and VDR mRNA under conditions of altered intake of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphorus. Chickens were maintained for 10 days on one of four diets: vitamin D-deficient, normal (1.0% Ca and 1.1% P), low calcium (0.1% Ca and 1.2% P), and low phosphorus (1.1% Ca and 0.3% P). CaBP was undetectable in D-deficient duodena and was elevated above normal values by low-calcium (3.1-fold) and low-phosphorus (2.3-fold) intake. Contradictory to published data, we observed a correlation between CaBP protein and mRNA levels in that the CaBP mRNA was absent in D-deficient intestine and augmented threefold and twofold in low-calcium and low-phosphate duodena, respectively. In contrast, VDR mRNA concentrations were identical in vitamin D-deficient and normal duodena, implying that intestinal VDR is not dependent upon 1,25-(OH)2D3 for basal expression. Chickens fed a low-phosphorus diet displayed a twofold increase in VDR mRNA, but those fed a low-calcium diet exhibited a dramatic decrease in VDR mRNA. These data show that CaBP mRNA and protein levels are modulated in a tightly coupled fashion, and they are consistent with previous conclusions that augmented circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates CaBP expression when dietary calcium or phosphorus is limiting. However, a more complex regulation of VDR expression occurs in that low-phosphorus restriction enhances VDR mRNA levels, possibly via increased circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3. Conversely, reduced dietary calcium diminishes VDR mRNA despite increased circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3, indicating that another factor, such as parathyroid hormone, is a predominant downregulator of VDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bar A, Shani M, Fullmer CS, Brindak ME, Striem S. Modulation of chick intestinal and renal calbindin gene expression by dietary vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, calcium and phosphorus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1990; 72:23-31. [PMID: 2177015 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(90)90236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to chick calbindin-28 kDa-mRNA were used to study the latter's regulation and relationship to calbindin in the chick. The effects of vitamin D3 sources and dietary alteration on the genomic expression were characterized by Northern blot and solution hybridization. Intestinal calbindin and its mRNA were almost absent in vitamin D-deficient chicks and were not affected by dietary alteration. Renal calbindin and its mRNA were lower in the vitamin D-deficient than in vitamin D3- or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)-fed chicks. In the same animal, renal calbindin mRNA and calbindin were higher than intestinal. In vitamin D3-fed chicks, dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) restriction induced, and high dietary Ca inhibited, intestinal calbindin and its mRNA synthesis. In the same chicks, dietary P restriction induced renal calbindin mRNA and calbindin synthesis. In 1,25-(OH)2D3-fed chicks, dietary P restriction induced and high dietary Ca inhibited the synthesis of intestinal and renal calbindin. The results suggest that: (a) most of the changes in renal and intestinal calbindin could be attributed to the changes in the mRNA; (b) the adaptation to dietary Ca and P alterations requires vitamin D metabolites; (c) high dietary Ca affects intestinal and renal calbindin-mRNA and calbindin via mechanisms independent of kidney 1-hydroxylase; and (d) plasma Ca and renal calbindin or its mRNA tend to change together in vitamin D-deficient or vitamin D3-fed, but not in 1,25(OH)2D3-fed chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bar A, Hurwitz S. Egg Shell Quality, Medullary Bone Ash, Intestinal Calcium and Phosphorus Absorption, and Calcium-Binding Protein in Phosphorus-Deficient Hens. Poult Sci 1984; 63:1975-9. [PMID: 6541788 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0631975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary phosphorus deficiency on the performance and on various parameters of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolism was studied in laying hens. Phosphorus deficiency resulted in a decline in rate of production and egg weight, probably through appetite depression. The latter, or any secondary calcium deficiency, does not appear to cause the observed reduction in shell quality due to the deficiency. Similar to the response in the chick, phosphorus deficiency resulted in an increase in calcium-binding protein in intestine and kidney, there was no change in the activity of kidney 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3-1-hydroxylase. Percentages of calcium and phosphorus absorption were also higher during phosphorus deficiency. Medullary bone ash, decreased during phosphorus deficiency, was probably due to a reduction in the rate of bone formation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bar A, Rosenberg J, Hurwitz S. The lack of relationships between vitamin D3 metabolites and calcium-binding protein in the eggshell gland of laying birds. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 78:75-9. [PMID: 6086230 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(84)90148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of the metabolism of vitamin D3 and calcium-binding protein (CaBP) to calcium transport by the eggshell gland (ESG) was assessed in chickens. Plasma or ESG 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and ESG CaBP were no different between periods of ESG inactivity and of shell calcification. A severe dietary calcium deficiency resulted in increased kidney 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity (542%), plasma and ESG 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations (193 and 274%, respectively), but in decreased ESG CaBP (34%), associated with the production of poorly calcified eggs. Significant correlations were found between 25 hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and ESG 1,25(OH)2D3, but not between ESG 1,25(OH)2D3 and CaBP. Hens with a low shell density had a significantly lower (55%) ESG CaBP than those with high shell density, without any significant change in ESG 1,25(OH)2D3. Significant correlations were found between ESG CaBP and shell calcium. Total receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 were lower in ESG than in the intestine. The results suggest that CaBP level and calcium transport in the ESG are not regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bailey CA, Creger CR. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity in heat stressed laying hens. Poult Sci 1982; 61:586-8. [PMID: 7088813 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0610586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase was assayed in heat stressed laying hens fed a 3.5% calcium diet with either .625% or .925% phosphorus. The activity of this enzyme in the heat stressed birds was higher than in the control birds (P less than or equal to .07). The phosphorus content of the diets had no effect on enzyme activity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bar A, Maoz A, Hurwitz S. Evidence for a direct effect of parathyroid on the metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol by chick kidney cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(81)90147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Bar A, Hurwitz S, Maoz A. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity of chick kidney cells: direct effect of parathyroid. FEBS Lett 1980; 113:328-30. [PMID: 6248363 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
18
|
Lawson DE, Davie M. Aspects of the metabolism and function of vitamin D. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1980; 37:1-67. [PMID: 94957 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)61067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Regulation of the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo and in primary cultures of chick kidney cells. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
20
|
BJN volume 40 issue 3 Cover and Front matter. Br J Nutr 1978. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn19780139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Sommerville BA, Swaminathan R, Care AD. A comparison of the effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus deficiency on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the chick. Br J Nutr 1978; 39:411-4. [PMID: 629930 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19780053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Young chicks fed a diet deficient in calcium showed an eightfold increase in the in vitro renal production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) and those fed a diet deficient in phosphorus showed a threefold increase when compared to chicks on a normal diet. 2. The in vivo accumulation of 1,25-DHCC in the gut mucosa was doubled in both low-Ca and low-P groups as was the rate of Ca absorption from the duodenum and the Ca-binding protein activity. The accumulation of 1,25-DHCC in bone increased threefold in the low-Ca group but showed no change in the low-P group. 3. It was concluded that the increased rate of Ca absorption found in dietary P deficiency depends rather upon the capacity of the gut mucosa to accumulate larger amounts of 1,25-DHCC than upon an increased renal production of this metabolite. The mechanism by which this is achieved is unknown, but it unlikely to be a general increase in availability of 1,25-DHCC since no rise occurred in bone 1,25-DHCC levels.
Collapse
|
22
|
Baksi SN, Kenny AD. Acute effect of estradiol on the renal vitamin D hydroxylases in Japanese quail. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:2765-8. [PMID: 216369 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Bar A, Cohen A, Edelstein S, Shemesh M, Montecuccoli G, Hurwitz S. Involvement of cholecalciferol metabolism in birds in the adaptation of calcium absorption to the needs during reproduction. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 59:245-9. [PMID: 233778 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(78)90254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The metabolism of calcium and cholecalciferol in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and chicken (Gallus domesticus) during maturation was correlated to gonadal activity and plasma oestrogen levels. 2. Birds with undeveloped ovaries (immature), developed ovaries but not laying (mature), and after laying 3-8 eggs (laying), were used in the first series. 3. Birds in which egg production had been arrested by Nicarbazin, were used in the second series. 4. Plasma 17 beta-oestradiol and calcium were elevated in the mature bird, with no further change in the laying bird. Kidney 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase and intestinal calcium-binding protein increased slightly in the mature bird, whereas they were grossly elevated in the laying bird. 5. Calcium and phosphorus absorption were markedly elevated in the laying bird. 6. No changes were noted in plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, at any stage of maturation. 7. During the arrest of egg production by Nicarbazin, 17 beta-oestradiol level, calcium concentration of plasma, and medullary bone were maintained. Kidney 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase, intestinal calcium-binding protein and absorption of calcium were strikingly reduced. 8. The results suggest that changes in calcium absorption and cholecalciferol metabolism during maturation in birds are not directly affected by gonadal hormones; they appear to represent an adaptation to the increased calcium needs due to medullary bone formation and, more importantly, to the large losses of calcium imposed by shell formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Montecuccoli G, Hurwitz S, Cohen A, Bar A. The role of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase in the responses of calcium absorption to the reproductive activity in birds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(77)90202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|