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Gu C, Kang X, Chen X, Sun Y, Li X. Intracerebroventricular infusion of secretoneurin inhibits neuronal NLRP3-Apoptosis pathway and preserves learning and memory after cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105770. [PMID: 38761854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in delayed neuronal death, primarily apoptosis, in the hippocampal CA1 subregion, which leads to severe cognitive deficits. While therapeutic hypothermia is an approved treatment for patients following cardiac arrest, it is associated with various adverse effects. Secretoneurin (SN) is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide generated in the brain, adrenal medulla and other endocrine tissues. In this study, SN was infused into the rat brain by intracerebroventricular injection 1 day after GCI, and we demonstrated that SN could significantly preserve spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze tasks examined on days 14-17 after GCI. To further investigate underlying pathways involved, we demonstrated that, on day 5 after GCI, SN could significantly inhibit GCI-induced expression levels of Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) and cleaved-PARP1, as well as neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss in the hippocampal CA1 region. Additionally, SN could attenuate GCI-induced activation of both caspase-1 and caspase-3, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the CA1 region. Mechanically, we observed that treatment with SN effectively inhibited NLRP3 protein elevation and the bindings of NLRP3-ASC and ASC-caspase-1 in hippocampal neurons after GCI. In summary, our data indicate that SN could effectively attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome formation, as well as the activation of caspase-1 and -3, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ultimately the neuronal apoptotic loss induced by GCI. Potential neuronal pyroptosis, or caspase-1-dependent cell death, could also be involved in ischemic neuronal death, which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiuwen Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wu ZM, Huang K, Dai Y, Chen S, Wang XQ, Yang CD, Li LY, Liu JM, Lu L, Zhang RY, Shen WF, Shen Y, Ding FH. Circulating secretoneurin level reflects angiographic coronary collateralization in stable angina patients with chronic total occlusion. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:33. [PMID: 38184555 PMCID: PMC10771680 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between circulating secretoneurin (SN) and angiographic coronary collateralization in stable angina patients with chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO). METHODS SN concentrations in serum were measured in 641 stable angina patients with CTO by radioimmunoassay. The status of coronary collaterals from the contra-lateral vessel was visually estimated using the Rentrop grading system, and was categorized into poor (grade 0 or 1) or good (grade 2 or 3) collateralization. RESULTS Serum SN levels were significantly higher in patients with good coronary collaterals compared to those with poor collaterals (175.23 ± 52.09 pmol/L vs. 143.29 ± 42.01 pmol/L, P < 0.001). Serum SN increased stepwise across Rentrop score 0 to 3 (P < 0.001), and increasing SN tertiles were associated with higher proportion of good coronary collateralization (OR, 1.907; 95% CI, 1.558 ~ 2.335, P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding variables, serum SN (per tertile) remained an independent factor for predicting good coronary collaterals (OR, 1.870; 95% CI, 1.515 ~ 2.309; P < 0.001). Moreover, the diagnostic value of serum SN (per tertile) was consistent after stratifying patients based on gender, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, history of smoking, severity of coronary artery disease and kidney function (OR: 1.511 ~ 2.680, P interaction ≥ 0.327). CONCLUSION Elevated circulating SN reflects good angiographic coronary collaterals in stable angina patients with CTO. The findings may provide insight into decision-making for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chen Die Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Le Ying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jing Meng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
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Xie S, Yao Y, Wen H, Li Y, Lyu L, Wang X, Li J, Yan S, Zuo C, Wang Z, Qi X. Function of secretoneurin in regulating the expression of reproduction-related genes in ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 266:110852. [PMID: 37028701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Secretoneurin (SN), a conserved peptide derived from secretogranin-2 (scg2), also known as secretogranin II or chromogranin C, plays an important role in regulating gonadotropin in the pituitary, which affects the reproductive system. This study aimed to clarify the mode of action of scg2 in regulating gonad development and maturation and the expression of mating behavior-related genes. Two scg2 cDNAs were cloned from the ovoviviparity teleost black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). In situ hybridization detected positive scg2 mRNA signals in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, where sgnrh and kisspeptin neurons were reported to be located and potentially regulated by scg2. In vivo, intracerebral ventricular injections of synthetic black rockfish SNa affected brain cgnrh, sgnrh, kisspeptin1, pituitary lh and fsh and gonad steroidogenesis-related gene expression levels with sex dimorphism. In vitro, a similar effect was found in primary cultured brain and pituitary cells. Thus, SN could contribute to the regulation of gonadal development, as well as reproductive behaviors, including mating and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Administration Department, Weihai Taifeng Seawater Seedling Co., LTD, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Güngör İ, Yadigaroğlu M, Akpınar ÇK, Güzel M, Akyüz MF, Yanık HT, Görgün S, Yücel M. Evaluation of Serum Secretoneurin Levels in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Who Underwent Mechanical Thrombectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e36705. [PMID: 37113363 PMCID: PMC10129046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a focal or global cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin; its treatment aims to provide reperfusion. Secretoneurin is a hypoxia-sensitive biomarker found in high concentrations in brain tissue. We aim to determine secretoneurin levels in patients with ischemic stroke, examine how secretoneurin levels change in the mechanical thrombectomy group, and evaluate the correlation with disease severity and prognosis. Methods Twenty-two patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the emergency department underwent mechanical thrombectomy, and twenty healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum secretoneurin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Secretoneurin levels were measured at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Results Serum secretoneurin levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group (7.43 ng/mL) compared to the control group (5.90 ng/mL) (p=0.023). The secretoneurin levels of the patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy were 7.43 ng/mL, 7.04 ng/mL, and 8.65 ng/mL, measured at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day, respectively, and no significant difference was detected in all three time periods (p=0.142). Conclusion Secretoneurin appears to be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of stroke. However, it was found that there was no prognostic value in the mechanical thrombectomy group, and it was not correlated with the severity of the disease.
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Song Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Tao B, Xu W, Huang Y, Li G, Zhu C, Hu W. Effects of Secretoneurin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on the Spawning of Captive Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091457. [PMID: 36143493 PMCID: PMC9505948 DOI: 10.3390/life12091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), a pelagic marine species with a global distribution, has considerable worldwide potential as an aquaculture species. However, difficulties have been encountered in inducing spontaneous spawning in cultured fish stocks. In this study, we analysed the key regulatory factors, secretoneurin (SN) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), in greater amberjack. Active peptides of SN and GnRH, SdSNa, and SdGnRH, respectively, were obtained by comparative analysis of homologous proteins from different species. Amino acid substitutions of the SdGnRH decapeptide at position 6 with a dextrorotatory (D) amino acid and at position 10 with an ethylamide group yielded a super-active agonist (SdGnRHa). The injection of SdSNa and SdGnRHa elevated luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and oxytocin levels in the sera of sexually mature fish, whereas it reduced the level of follicle-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, in response to the SdSNa and SdGnRHa injections, we detected an increase in the expression of genes associated with oocyte development and spermatogenesis. We established that the greater amberjack cultured along the southern coast of China reached sexual maturity at three years of age, and its reproductive season extended from February to April. Spawning of the cultured greater amberjack was successfully induced with a single injection of SdGnRHa/SdSN/DOM/HCG. Our findings indicate that similar to GnRHa, SNa is a potential stimulator of reproduction that can be used to artificially induce spawning in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Song
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yinjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Hu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (W.H.)
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Gomi H, Nagumo T, Asano K, Konosu M, Yasui T, Torii S, Hosaka M. Differential Expression of Secretogranins II and III in Canine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and Pheochromocytomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:335-356. [PMID: 35400231 PMCID: PMC9058372 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221091000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretogranin II (SgII) and III (SgIII) function within peptide hormone-producing cells and are involved in secretory granule formation. However, their function in active amine-producing cells is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of SgII and SgIII in canine adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas by immunohistochemical staining. In normal adrenal tissues, the intensity of coexpression of these two secretogranins (Sgs) differed from each chromaffin cell, although a complete match was not observed. The coexpression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with SgIII was similar to that with chromogranin A, but there was a subpopulation of VMAT2-expressing cells that were negative or hardly detectable for SgII. These results are the first to indicate that there are distinct expression patterns for SgII and SgIII in adrenal chromaffin cells. Furthermore, the expression of these two Sgs varied in intensity among pheochromocytomas and did not necessarily correlate with clinical plasma catecholamine levels in patients. However, compared with SgIII, the expression of SgII was shown to be strong at the single-cell level in some tumor tissues. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the expression differences between SgII and SgIII in normal adrenal chromaffin cells and pheochromocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gomi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Takahiro Nagumo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences.,Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan; Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Makoto Konosu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Tadashi Yasui
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Seiji Torii
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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Fraquelli C, Hauzinger J, Humpel C, Nolano M, Provitera V, Sharma VK, Loh P, Pidsudko Z, Blatsios G, Troger J. Serpinin in the Skin. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010183. [PMID: 35052862 PMCID: PMC8773586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The serpinins are relatively novel peptides generated by proteolytic processing of chromogranin A and they are comprised of free serpinin, serpinin-RRG and pGlu-serpinin. In this study, the presence and source of these peptides were studied in the skin. By Western blot analysis, a 40 kDa and a 50 kDa protein containing the sequence of serpinin were detected in the trigeminal ganglion and dorsal root ganglia in rats but none in the skin. RP-HPLC followed by EIA revealed that the three serpinins are present in similar, moderate amounts in rat dorsal root ganglia, whereas in the rat skin, free serpinin represents the predominant molecular form. There were abundant serpinin-positive cells in rat dorsal root ganglia and colocalization with substance P was evident. However, much more widespread distribution of the serpinins was found in dorsal root ganglia when compared with substance P. In the skin, serpinin immunoreactivity was found in sensory nerves and showed colocalization with substance P; as well, some was present in autonomic nerves. Thus, although not exclusively, there is evidence that serpinin is a constituent of the sensory innervation of the skin. The serpinins are biologically highly active and might therefore be of functional significance in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fraquelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (J.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Jasmine Hauzinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (J.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimers Research, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Maria Nolano
- Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Instituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.N.); (V.P.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Provitera
- Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Instituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Vinay Kumar Sharma
- Section of Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.K.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Peng Loh
- Section of Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.K.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Zenon Pidsudko
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Georgios Blatsios
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (J.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (J.H.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-27343
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Marques TM, van Rumund A, Kersten I, Bruinsma IB, Wessels HJ, Gloerich J, Kaffa C, Esselink RAJ, Bloem BR, Kuiperij HB, Verbeek MM. Identification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for parkinsonism using a proteomics approach. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:107. [PMID: 34848724 PMCID: PMC8633286 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tryptic peptide profiles as potential diagnostic biomarkers for the discrimination of parkinsonian disorders. CSF samples were collected from individuals with parkinsonism, who had an uncertain diagnosis at the time of inclusion and who were followed for up to 12 years in a longitudinal study. We performed shotgun proteomics to identify tryptic peptides in CSF of Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 10), multiple system atrophy patients (MSA, n = 5) and non-neurological controls (n = 10). We validated tryptic peptides with differential levels between PD and MSA using a newly developed selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay in CSF of PD (n = 46), atypical parkinsonism patients (AP; MSA, n = 17; Progressive supranuclear palsy; n = 8) and non-neurological controls (n = 39). We identified 191 tryptic peptides that differed significantly between PD and MSA, of which 34 met our criteria for SRM development. For 14/34 peptides we confirmed differences between PD and AP. These tryptic peptides discriminated PD from AP with moderate-to-high accuracy. Random forest modelling including tryptic peptides plus either clinical assessments or other CSF parameters (neurofilament light chain, phosphorylated tau protein) and age improved the discrimination of PD vs. AP. Our results show that the discovery of tryptic peptides by untargeted and subsequent validation by targeted proteomics is a suitable strategy to identify potential CSF biomarkers for PD versus AP. Furthermore, the tryptic peptides, and corresponding proteins, that we identified as differential biomarkers may increase our current knowledge about the disease-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá M. Marques
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouke van Rumund
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona B. Bruinsma
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J.C.T. Wessels
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Kaffa
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne A. J. Esselink
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R. Bloem
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Herold Z, Doleschall M, Somogyi A. Role and function of granin proteins in diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1081-1092. [PMID: 34326956 PMCID: PMC8311481 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The granin glycoprotein family consists of nine acidic proteins; chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin II–VIII. They are produced by a wide range of neuronal, neuroendocrine, and endocrine cells throughout the human body. Their major intracellular function is to sort peptides and proteins into secretory granules, but their cleavage products also take part in the extracellular regulation of diverse biological processes. The contribution of granins to carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus is a recent research area. CgA is associated with glucose homeostasis and the progression of type 1 diabetes. WE-14, CgA10-19, and CgA43-52 are peptide derivates of CgA, and act as CD4+ or CD8+ autoantigens in type 1 diabetes, whereas pancreastatin (PST) and catestatin have regulatory effects in carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, PST is related to gestational and type 2 diabetes. CgB has a crucial role in physiological insulin secretion. Secretogranins II and III have angiogenic activity in diabetic retinopathy (DR), and are novel targets in recent DR studies. Ongoing studies are beginning to investigate the potential use of granin derivatives as drugs to treat diabetes based on the divergent relationships between granins and different types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Marton Doleschall
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eotvos Lorand Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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10
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Sun JY, Hua Y, Shen H, Qu Q, Kan JY, Kong XQ, Sun W, Shen YY. Identification of key genes in calcific aortic valve disease via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:135. [PMID: 34020624 PMCID: PMC8138987 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common subclass of valve heart disease in the elderly population and a primary cause of aortic valve stenosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE83453, GSE51472, and GSE12644 were analyzed by ‘limma’ and ‘weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)’ package in R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key modules associated with CAVD, respectively. Then, enrichment analysis was performed based on Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, DisGeNET, and TRRUST database. Protein–protein interaction network was constructed using the overlapped genes of DEGs and key modules, and we identified the top 5 hub genes by mixed character calculation. Results We identified the blue and yellow modules as the key modules. Enrichment analysis showed that leukocyte migration, extracellular matrix, and extracellular matrix structural constituent were significantly enriched. SPP1, TNC, SCG2, FAM20A, and CD52 were identified as hub genes, and their expression levels in calcified or normal aortic valve samples were illustrated, respectively. Conclusions This study suggested that SPP1, TNC, SCG2, FAM20A, and CD52 might be hub genes associated with CAVD. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide potential therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00989-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jun-Yan Kan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Yue-Yun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, 213300, China.
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11
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Yap EL, Pettit NL, Davis CP, Nagy MA, Harmin DA, Golden E, Dagliyan O, Lin C, Rudolph S, Sharma N, Griffith EC, Harvey CD, Greenberg ME. Bidirectional perisomatic inhibitory plasticity of a Fos neuronal network. Nature 2020; 590:115-121. [PMID: 33299180 PMCID: PMC7864877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral experiences activate the Fos transcription factor (TF) in sparse populations of neurons that are critical for encoding and recalling specific events1–3. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which experience drives circuit reorganization to establish a network of Fos-activated cells. It is also unknown if Fos is required in this process beyond serving as a marker of recent neural activity and, if so, which of its many gene targets underlie circuit reorganization. Here we demonstrate that when mice engage in spatial exploration of novel environments, perisomatic inhibition of Fos-expressing hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by parvalbumin (PV)-interneurons (INs) is enhanced, while perisomatic inhibition by cholecystokinin (CCK)-INs is weakened. This bidirectional modulation of inhibition is abolished when the function of the Fos TF complex is disrupted. Single-cell RNA-sequencing, ribosome-associated mRNA profiling, and chromatin analyses, combined with electrophysiology, reveal that Fos activates the transcription of Scg2 (secretogranin II), a gene that encodes multiple distinct neuropeptides, to coordinate these changes in inhibition. As PV- and CCK-INs mediate distinct features of pyramidal cell activity4–6, the Scg2-dependent reorganization of inhibitory synaptic input might be predicted to affect network function in vivo. Consistent with this prediction, hippocampal gamma rhythms and pyramidal cell coupling to CA1 theta are significantly altered with loss of Scg2. These findings reveal an instructive role for Fos and Scg2 in establishing a network of Fos-activated neurons via the rewiring of local inhibition to form a selectively modulated state. The opposing plasticity mechanisms on distinct inhibitory pathways may support the consolidation of memories over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Lynn Yap
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noah L Pettit
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M Aurel Nagy
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Golden
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Griffith
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Mitchell K, Mikwar M, Da Fonte D, Lu C, Tao B, Peng D, Erandani WKCU, Hu W, Trudeau VL. Secretoneurin is a secretogranin-2 derived hormonal peptide in vertebrate neuroendocrine systems. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113588. [PMID: 32828813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Secretogranin-2 (SCG2) is a large precursor protein that is processed into several potentially bioactive peptides, with the 30-43 amino acid central domain called secretoneurin (SN) being clearly evolutionary conserved in vertebrates. Secretoneurin exerts a diverse array of biological functions including regulating nervous, endocrine, and immune systems in part due to its wide tissue distribution. Expressed in some neuroendocrine neurons and pituitary cells, SN is a stimulator of the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone from both goldfish pituitary cells and the mouse LβT2 cell line. Neuroendocrine, paracrine and autocrine signaling pathways for the stimulation of luteinizing hormone release indicate hormone-like activities to regulate reproduction. Mutation of the scg2a and scg2b genes using TALENs in zebrafish reduces sexual behavior, ovulation, oviposition, and fertility. A single injection of the SNa peptide enhanced reproductive outcomes in scg2a/scg2b double mutant zebrafish. Evidence in goldfish suggests a new role for SN to stimulate food intake by actions on other feeding-related neuropeptides. Expression and regulation of the Scg2a precursor mRNA in goldfish gut also supports a role in feeding. In rodent models, SN has trophic-like properties promoting both neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity and has chemoattractant properties that regulate neuroinflammation. Data obtained from several cellular models suggest that SN binds to and activates a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), but a bona fide SN receptor protein needs to be identified. Other signaling pathways for SN have been reported which provides alternatives to the GPCR hypothesis. These include AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in cardiomyocytes, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt/Protein Kinase B (AKT, and MAPK in endothelial cells and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (JAK2-STAT) signaling in neurons. Some studies in cardiac cells provide evidence for cellular internalization of SN by an unknown mechanism. Many of the biological functions of SN remain to be fully characterized, which could lead to new and exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Myy Mikwar
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dillon Da Fonte
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chunyu Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - BinBin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Assefa F, Lim J, Kim JA, Ihn HJ, Lim S, Nam SH, Bae YC, Park EK. Secretoneurin, a Neuropeptide, Enhances Bone Regeneration in a Mouse Calvarial Bone Defect Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 18:315-324. [PMID: 33145742 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the effects of a neuropeptide, secretoneurin (SN), on bone regeneration in an experimental mouse model. METHODS The effects of SN on cell proliferation, osteoblast marker genes expression, and mineralization were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and alizarin red S staining, respectively. To examine the effects of SN on bone regeneration in vivo, bone defects were created in the calvaria of ICR mice, and 0.5 or 1 µg/ml SN was applied. New bone formation was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. New blood vessel formation was assessed by CD34 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SN had no significant effect on proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. However, SN partially induced the gene expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I alpha 1, and osteopontin. A significant increase of bone regeneration was observed in SN treated calvarial defects. The bone volume (BV), BV/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number values were significantly increased in the collagen sponge plus 0.5 or 1 µg/ml SN group (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Histologic analysis also revealed increased new bone formation in the SN-treated groups. Immunohistochemical staining of CD34 showed that the SN-treated groups contained more blood vessels compared with control in the calvarial defect area. CONCLUSION SN increases new bone and blood vessel formation in a calvarial defect site. This study suggests that SN may enhance new bone formation through its potent angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ang Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Ihn
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Newly Identified Regulators of Ovarian Folliculogenesis and Ovulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124565. [PMID: 32604954 PMCID: PMC7349727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Each follicle represents the basic functional unit of the ovary. From its very initial stage of development, the follicle consists of an oocyte surrounded by somatic cells. The oocyte grows and matures to become fertilizable and the somatic cells proliferate and differentiate into the major suppliers of steroid sex hormones as well as generators of other local regulators. The process by which a follicle forms, proceeds through several growing stages, develops to eventually release the mature oocyte, and turns into a corpus luteum (CL) is known as “folliculogenesis”. The task of this review is to define the different stages of folliculogenesis culminating at ovulation and CL formation, and to summarize the most recent information regarding the newly identified factors that regulate the specific stages of this highly intricated process. This information comprises of either novel regulators involved in ovarian biology, such as Ube2i, Phoenixin/GPR73, C1QTNF, and α-SNAP, or recently identified members of signaling pathways previously reported in this context, namely PKB/Akt, HIPPO, and Notch.
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15
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Targeted mutation of secretogranin-2 disrupts sexual behavior and reproduction in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12772-12783. [PMID: 32467166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone surge is essential for fertility as it triggers ovulation in females and sperm release in males. We previously reported that secretoneurin-a, a neuropeptide derived from the processing of secretogranin-2a (Scg2a), stimulates luteinizing hormone release, suggesting a role in reproduction. Here we provide evidence that mutation of the scg2a and scg2b genes using TALENs in zebrafish reduces sexual behavior, ovulation, oviposition, and fertility. Large-scale spawning within-line crossings (n = 82 to 101) were conducted. Wild-type (WT) males paired with WT females successfully spawned in 62% of the breeding trials. Spawning success was reduced to 37% (P = 0.006), 44% (P = 0.0169), and 6% (P < 0.0001) for scg2a -/- , scg2b -/- , and scg2a -/- ;scg2b -/- mutants, respectively. Comprehensive video analysis indicates that scg2a -/- ;scg2b -/- mutation reduces all male courtship behaviors. Spawning success was 47% in saline-injected WT controls compared to 11% in saline-injected scg2a -/- ;scg2b -/- double mutants. For these mutants, spawning success increased 3-fold following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of synthetic secretoneurin-a (P = 0.0403) and increased 3.5-fold with injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Embryonic survival at 24 h remained on average lower in scg2a -/- ;scg2b -/- fish compared to WT injected with secretoneurin-a (P < 0.001). Significant reductions in the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3 in the hypothalamus, and luteinizing hormone beta and glycoprotein alpha subunits in the pituitary provide evidence for disrupted hypothalamo-pituitary function in scg2a and scg2b mutant fish. Our results indicate that secretogranin-2 is required for optimal reproductive function and support the hypothesis that secretoneurin is a reproductive hormone.
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16
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Dörrbaum AR, Alvarez-Castelao B, Nassim-Assir B, Langer JD, Schuman EM. Proteome dynamics during homeostatic scaling in cultured neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e52939. [PMID: 32238265 PMCID: PMC7117909 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein turnover, the net result of protein synthesis and degradation, enables cells to remodel their proteomes in response to internal and external cues. Previously, we analyzed protein turnover rates in cultured brain cells under basal neuronal activity and found that protein turnover is influenced by subcellular localization, protein function, complex association, cell type of origin, and by the cellular environment (Dörrbaum et al., 2018). Here, we advanced our experimental approach to quantify changes in protein synthesis and degradation, as well as the resulting changes in protein turnover or abundance in rat primary hippocampal cultures during homeostatic scaling. Our data demonstrate that a large fraction of the neuronal proteome shows changes in protein synthesis and/or degradation during homeostatic up- and down-scaling. More than half of the quantified synaptic proteins were regulated, including pre- as well as postsynaptic proteins with diverse molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ricarda Dörrbaum
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian D Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Circulating Secretoneurin Concentrations After Cardiac Surgery: Data From the FINNish Acute Kidney Injury Heart Study. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:e412-e419. [PMID: 30730440 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Secretoneurin is associated with cardiomyocyte Ca handling and improves risk prediction in patients with acute myocardial dysfunction. Whether secretoneurin improves risk assessment on top of established cardiac biomarkers and European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is not known. DESIGN Prospective, observational, single-center sub-study of a multicenter study. SETTING Prospective observational study of survival in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. PATIENTS A total of 619 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients underwent either isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery, single noncoronary artery bypass graft surgery, two procedures, or three or more procedures. Procedures other than coronary artery bypass graft were valve surgery, surgery on thoracic aorta, and other cardiac surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We measured preoperative and postoperative secretoneurin concentrations and adjusted for European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and cardiac troponin T concentrations in multivariate analyses. During 961 days of follow-up, 59 patients died (9.5%). Secretoneurin concentrations were higher among nonsurvivors compared with survivors, both before (168 pmol/L [quartile 1-3, 147-206 pmol/L] vs 160 pmol/L [131-193 pmol/L]; p = 0.039) and after cardiac surgery (173 pmol/L [129-217 pmol/L] vs 143 pmol/L [111-173 pmol/L]; p < 0.001). Secretoneurin concentrations decreased from preoperative to postoperative measurements in survivors, whereas we observed no significant decrease in secretoneurin concentrations among nonsurvivors. Secretoneurin concentrations were weakly correlated with established risk indices. Patients with the highest postoperative secretoneurin concentrations had worse outcome compared with patients with lower secretoneurin concentrations (p < 0.001 by the log-rank test) and postoperative secretoneurin concentrations were associated with time to death in multivariate Cox regression analysis: hazard ratio lnsecretoneurin 2.96 (95% CI, 1.46-5.99; p = 0.003). Adding postoperative secretoneurin concentrations to European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II improved patient risk stratification, as assessed by the integrated discrimination index: 0.023 (95% CI, 0.0043-0.041; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Circulating postoperative secretoneurin concentrations provide incremental prognostic information to established risk indices in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Morrow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.P.M., S.O.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Steven O Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.P.M., S.O.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Pharmacology (S.O.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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19
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Sokół B, Urbaniak B, Zaremba B, Wąsik N, Kokot ZJ, Jankowski R. CSF Proteomics of Patients with Hydrocephalus and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:244-253. [PMID: 31637049 PMCID: PMC6778397 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is associated with numerous mediators. The aim of the study is to analyse protein changes after SAH in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using mass spectrometry (MS). Methods CSF samples were obtained from forty-four control subjects, seven good outcome and ten poor outcome SAH patients. CSF samples were collected at specific time intervals after SAH (days 1, 5 and 10). MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) and ClinProTools software were utilised for MS, MS/MS (Mass Spectrometry) spectra collection and analysis. Selected masses were identified. The MALDI-TOF profiling experiments allowed for the targeted selection of potential markers in SAH. The study was performed in three steps by comparison of CSF samples: (1) from the control group and SAH patients (both good and poor outcome groups); (2) collected on days 1, 5 and 10 within the groups of poor SAH and good SAH patients, respectively; (3) from poor outcome SAH and good outcome patients at days 1, 5 and 10. Results 15 new proteins whose CSF level is alternated by SAH presence, SAH treatment outcome and time passed since aneurysm rupture were identified. Conclusions We demonstrated new proteins which might play a role in different stages of subarachnoid haemorrhage and could be a new target for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Sokół
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Urbaniak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (Faculty of Pharmacy), Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zaremba
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (Faculty of Pharmacy), Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Norbert Wąsik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zenon J Kokot
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (Faculty of Pharmacy), Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Jankowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Petrella C, Di Certo MG, Barbato C, Gabanella F, Ralli M, Greco A, Possenti R, Severini C. Neuropeptides in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Update. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:544-558. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190503152555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are small proteins broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system, which act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and neuroregulators. Growing evidence has demonstrated the involvement of many neuropeptides in both neurophysiological functions and neuropathological conditions, among which is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The role exerted by neuropeptides in AD is endorsed by the evidence that they are mainly neuroprotective and widely distributed in brain areas responsible for learning and memory processes. Confirming this point, it has been demonstrated that numerous neuropeptide-containing neurons are pathologically altered in brain areas of both AD patients and AD animal models. Furthermore, the levels of various neuropeptides have been found altered in both Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and blood of AD patients, getting insights into their potential role in the pathophysiology of AD and offering the possibility to identify novel additional biomarkers for this pathology. We summarized the available information about brain distribution, neuroprotective and cognitive functions of some neuropeptides involved in AD. The main focus of the current review was directed towards the description of clinical data reporting alterations in neuropeptides content in both AD patients and AD pre-clinical animal models. In particular, we explored the involvement in the AD of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH), Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART), Cholecystokinin (CCK), bradykinin and chromogranin/secretogranin family, discussing their potential role as a biomarker or therapeutic target, leaving the dissertation of other neuropeptides to previous reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Petrella
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gabanella
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Possenti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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21
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Posod A, Wechselberger K, Schmid A, Huber E, Urbanek M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Griesmaier E. Excitotoxicity Alters Endogenous Secretoneurin Plasma Levels, but Supplementation with Secretoneurin Does Not Protect Against Excitotoxic Neonatal Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2019; 410:239-253. [PMID: 31121260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of developing brain injury. The neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN) has neuroprotective potential. The aim of this study was to investigate SN plasma concentrations following excitotoxicity and to evaluate the effect of SN as therapeutic strategy in excitotoxic newborn brain injury. Baseline SN plasma concentrations were established in healthy animals. To evaluate the effect of an excitotoxic insult on SN levels, mice pups were subjected to an intracranial injection of ibotenic acid and SN plasma concentrations were measured thereafter. To assess SN's neuroprotective potential, a subgroup of animals was randomly assigned to the following groups: i) "single treatment": vehicle 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), SN 0.25 μg/g body weight (bw), SN 2.5 μg/g bw or SN 12.5 μg/g bw in a single dose 1 h after insult; ii) "acute repetitive treatment": vehicle 1× PBS or SN 0.25 μg/g bw every 24 h starting 1 h after insult; iii) "delayed repetitive treatment": vehicle 1× PBS or SN 0.25 μg/g bw every 24 h starting 60 h after insult. Animals subjected to excitotoxic injury showed significantly lower SN plasma concentrations 6 and 120 h after insult in comparison to healthy controls. Administration of SN did not positively affect lesion size, apoptotic cell death, microglial cell activation or cell proliferation. To conclude, endogenous SN plasma levels are lower in newborn mice subjected to an excitotoxic insult than in healthy controls. Supplementation with SN in various treatment regimens is not neuroprotective in the experimental animal model of excitotoxic newborn brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Posod
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karina Wechselberger
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Schmid
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Huber
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Urbanek
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Griesmaier
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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22
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Brynildsen J, Myhre PL, Lyngbakken MN, Klaeboe LG, Stridsberg M, Christensen G, Edvardsen T, Omland T, Røsjø H. Circulating secretoneurin concentrations in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis. Clin Biochem 2019; 71:17-23. [PMID: 31228433 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretoneurin (SN) concentrations provide important prognostic information in patients with myocardial dysfunction. Whether preoperative SN concentrations improve risk assessment in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) is unknown. METHODS We included 57 patients with moderate to severe AS referred for presurgical evaluation. All patients were examined with comprehensive echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and biochemical measurements and compared to 10 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS Median (quartile 1-3) SN concentrations were 141 (121-163) pmol/L in AS patients and 132 (106-148) pmol/L in control subjects (p = .17). Lower estimated creatinine clearance and use of diuretics, but not standard ECG or echocardiographic indices and cardiac biomarkers, were associated with increasing SN concentrations. Fifteen patients (26%) died during 3.5 years median follow-up. SN concentrations were higher in non-survivors than survivors: 156 (133-209) vs. 140 (116-155) pmol/L, p = .007. Higher SN concentrations were associated with increased risk of mortality also after adjustment for established risk indices, biomarkers, and status regarding valvular surgery: hazard ratio per lnSN 15.13 (95% CI 1.05-219.00); p = .046. Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve for SN to predict mortality was 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.88) compared to 0.73 (0.59-0.87) for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and 0.67 (0.51-0.82) for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. The previously identified cut-off of SN >204 pmol/L in cardiac surgical patients predicted mortality also in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS SN concentrations improve risk assessment in patients with moderate to severe AS by providing additional prognostic information to established risk indices such as echocardiography, ECG, and established cardiac biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Brynildsen
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder L Myhre
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus N Lyngbakken
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gunnar Klaeboe
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mats Stridsberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geir Christensen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
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Sharma S, Chaube R. Molecular cloning and characterization of secretogranin II in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: Sex and seasonal brain regional variations and its gonadotropin regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 232:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hannon PR, Duffy DM, Rosewell KL, Brännström M, Akin JW, Curry TE. Ovulatory Induction of SCG2 in Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Rodent Granulosa Cells Stimulates Ovarian Angiogenesis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2447-2458. [PMID: 29648638 PMCID: PMC6287591 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is essential for ovulation, but the intrafollicular factors induced by LH that mediate ovulatory processes (e.g., angiogenesis) are poorly understood, especially in women. The role of secretogranin II (SCG2) and its cleaved bioactive peptide, secretoneurin (SN), were investigated as potential mediators of ovulation by testing the hypothesis that SCG2/SN is induced in granulosa cells by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), via a downstream LH receptor signaling mechanism, and stimulates ovarian angiogenesis. Humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents were treated with hCG in vivo resulting in a significant increase in the messenger RNA and protein levels of SCG2 in granulosa cells collected early during the periovulatory period and just prior to ovulation (humans: 12 to 34 hours; monkeys: 12 to 36 hours; rodents: 4 to 12 hours post-hCG). This induction by hCG was recapitulated in an in vitro culture system utilizing granulosa-lutein cells from in vitro fertilization patients. Using this system, inhibition of downstream LH receptor signaling pathways revealed that the initial induction of SCG2 is regulated, in part, by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Further, human ovarian microvascular endothelial cells were treated with SN (1 to 100 ng/mL) and subjected to angiogenesis assays. SN significantly increased endothelial cell migration and new sprout formation, suggesting induction of ovarian angiogenesis. These results establish that SCG2 is increased in granulosa cells across species during the periovulatory period and that SN may mediate ovulatory angiogenesis in the human ovary. These findings provide insight into the regulation of human ovulation and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Hannon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,
Virginia
| | - Katherine L Rosewell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of
Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
- Correspondence: Thomas E. Curry, Jr., PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Room C351, Lexington, Kentucky 40536. E-mail:
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25
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Li W, Webster KA, LeBlanc ME, Tian H. Secretogranin III: a diabetic retinopathy-selective angiogenic factor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:635-647. [PMID: 28856381 PMCID: PMC5771826 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secretogranin III (Scg3) is a member of the granin protein family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. Scg3 was recently discovered as an angiogenic factor, expanding its functional role to extrinsic regulation. Unlike many other known angiogenic factors, the pro-angiogenic actions of Scg3 are restricted to pathological conditions. Among thousands of quantified endothelial ligands, Scg3 has the highest binding activity ratio to diabetic vs. healthy mouse retinas and lowest background binding to normal vessels. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor binds to and stimulates angiogenesis of both diabetic and control vasculature. Consistent with its role in pathological angiogenesis, Scg3-neutralizing antibodies alleviate retinal vascular leakage in mouse models of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Scg3 as a regulatory protein of secretory granules, highlights its new role as a highly disease-selective angiogenic factor, and envisions Scg3 inhibitors as "selective angiogenesis blockers" for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Keith A Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michelle E LeBlanc
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Everglades Biopharma, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
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26
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Da Fonte DF, Xing L, Mikwar M, Trudeau VL. Secretoneurin-A inhibits aromatase B (cyp19a1b) expression in female goldfish (Carassius auratus) radial glial cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:106-112. [PMID: 28487180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the teleost brain, radial glial cells (RGCs) are the main macroglia and are stem-like progenitors that express key steroidogenic enzymes, including the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme, aromatase B (cyp19a1b). As a result, RGCs are integral to neurogenesis and neurosteroidogenesis, however little is known about the regulatory factors and signaling mechanisms that control these functions. A potential new role of the secretogranin II-derived neuropeptide secretoneurin A (SNa) in the control of goldfish (Carassius auratus) RGC function is the subject of this study. Immunohistochemistry revealed a close neuroanatomical relationship between RGCs and soma of SNa-immunoreactive magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the preoptic nucleus of female goldfish. Five hours following intracerebroventricular injection of 0.2ng/g SNa cyp19a1b mRNA levels were decreased by 86% (P<0.05) in the hypothalamus and by 88% (P<0.05) in the telencephalon. In vitro, 24 h incubation with 500nM SNa decreased cyp19a1b mRNA by 51% (P<0.05) in cultured RGCs. These data provide evidence that SNa can regulate aromatase expression in goldfish RGCs. By regulating neuroestrogen production in RGCs SNa may therefore be implicated in the control of major estrogen-dependent functions of the preoptic region such as reproductive behavior and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon F Da Fonte
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Myy Mikwar
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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27
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Steiner R, Fischer-Colbrie R, Bletsa A, Laimer J, Troger J. Secretoneurin and PE-11 immunoreactivity in the human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 86:13-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Da Fonte DF, Martyniuk CJ, Xing L, Trudeau VL. Secretoneurin A Directly Regulates the Proteome of Goldfish Radial Glial Cells In Vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29559953 PMCID: PMC5845582 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) are the main macroglia in the teleost brain and have established roles in neurogenesis and neurosteroidogenesis. They are the only brain cell type expressing aromatase B (cyp19a1b), the enzyme that synthesizes estrogens from androgen precursors. There are few studies on the regulation of RGC functions, but our previous investigations demonstrated that dopamine stimulates cyp19a1b expression in goldfish RGCs, while secretoneurin A (SNa) inhibits the expression of this enzyme. Here, we determine the range of proteins and cellular processes responsive to SNa treatments in these steroidogenic cells. The focus here is on SNa, because this peptide is derived from selective processing of secretogranin II in magnocellular cells embedded within the RGC-rich preoptic nucleus. Primary cultures of RGCs were treated (24 h) with 10, 100, or 1,000 nM SNa. By using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation and a Hybrid Quadrupole Obritrap Mass Spectrometry system, a total of 1,363 unique proteins were identified in RGCs, and 609 proteins were significantly regulated by SNa at one or more concentrations. Proteins that showed differential expression with all three concentrations of SNa included H1 histone, glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor γ, vimentin A2, and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein. At 10, 100, and 1,000 nM SNa, there were 5, 195, and 489 proteins that were downregulated, respectively, whereas the number of upregulated proteins were 72, 44, and 51, respectively. Subnetwork enrichment analysis of differentially regulated proteins revealed that processes such as actin organization, cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis, apoptosis, mRNA processing, RNA splicing, translation, cell growth, and proliferation are regulated by SNa based on the proteomic response. Moreover, we observed that, at the low concentration of SNa, there was an increase in the abundance of proteins involved in cell growth, proliferation, and migration, whereas higher concentration of SNa appeared to downregulate proteins involved in these processes, indicating a dose-dependent proteome response. At the highest concentration of SNa, proteins linked to the etiology of diseases of the central nervous system (brain injuries, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infraction, brain ischemia) were also differentially regulated. These data implicate SNa in the control of cell proliferation and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vance L. Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Vance L. Trudeau,
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29
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Effect of food deprivation on the hypothalamic gene expression of the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in rat. Neuroreport 2017; 28:1049-1053. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Da Fonte DF, Martyniuk CJ, Xing L, Pelin A, Corradi N, Hu W, Trudeau VL. Secretoneurin A regulates neurogenic and inflammatory transcriptional networks in goldfish (Carassius auratus) radial glia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14930. [PMID: 29097753 PMCID: PMC5668316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) are the most abundant macroglia in the teleost brain and have established roles in neurogenesis and neurosteroidogenesis; however, their transcriptome remains uncharacterized, which limits functional understanding of this important cell type. Using cultured goldfish RGCs, RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed, generating the first reference transcriptome for fish RGCs with 17,620 unique genes identified. These data revealed that RGCs express a diverse repertoire of receptors and signaling molecules, suggesting that RGCs may respond to and synthesize an array of hormones, peptides, cytokines, and growth factors. Building upon neuroanatomical data and studies investigating direct neuronal regulation of RGC physiology, differential gene expression analysis was conducted to identify transcriptional networks that are responsive to the conserved secretogranin II-derived neuropeptide secretoneurin A (SNa). Pathway analysis of the transcriptome indicated that cellular processes related to the central nervous system (e.g., neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, glial cell development) and immune functions (e.g., immune system activation, leukocyte function, macrophage response) were preferentially modulated by SNa. These data reveal an array of new functions that are proposed to be critical to neuronal-glial interactions through the mediator SNa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon F Da Fonte
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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31
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Gul SS, Huesgen KW, Wang KK, Mark K, Tyndall JA. Prognostic utility of neuroinjury biomarkers in post out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patient management. Med Hypotheses 2017; 105:34-47. [PMID: 28735650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite aggressive intervention, patients who survive an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) generally have very poor prognoses, with nationwide survival rates of approximately 10-20%. Approximately 90% of survivors will have moderate to severe neurological injury ranging from moderate cognitive impairment to brain death. Currently, few early prognostic indicators are considered reliable enough to support patients' families and clinicians' in their decisions regarding medical futility. Blood biomarkers of neurological injury after OHCA may be of prognostic value in these cases. When most bodily tissues are oxygen-deprived, cellular metabolism switches from aerobic to anaerobic respiration. Neurons are a notable exception, however, being dependent solely upon aerobic respiration. Thus, after several minutes without circulating oxygen, neurons sustain irreversible damage, and certain measurable biomarkers are released into the circulation. Prior studies have demonstrated value in blood biomarkers in prediction of survival and neurologic impairment after OHCA. We hypothesize that understanding peptide biomarker kinetics in the early return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) period, especially in the setting of refractory cardiac arrest, may assist clinicians in determining prognosis earlier in acute resuscitation. Specifically, during and after immediate resuscitation and return of ROSC, clinicians and families face a series of important questions regarding patient prognosis, futility of care and allocation of scarce resources such as the early initiation of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The ability to provide early prognostic information in this setting is highly valuable. Currently available, as well as potential biomarkers that could be good candidates in prognostication of neurological outcomes after OHCA or in the setting of refractory cardiac arrest will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Gul
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, 1329, SW 16th Street, Suite 5270, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - K W Huesgen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, 1329, SW 16th Street, Suite 5270, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - K K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarker Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - K Mark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, 1329, SW 16th Street, Suite 5270, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - J A Tyndall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, 1329, SW 16th Street, Suite 5270, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
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Troger J, Theurl M, Kirchmair R, Pasqua T, Tota B, Angelone T, Cerra MC, Nowosielski Y, Mätzler R, Troger J, Gayen JR, Trudeau V, Corti A, Helle KB. Granin-derived peptides. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 154:37-61. [PMID: 28442394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The granin family comprises altogether 7 different proteins originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and elements of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The family is dominated by three uniquely acidic members, namely chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). Since the late 1980s it has become evident that these proteins are proteolytically processed, intragranularly and/or extracellularly into a range of biologically active peptides; a number of them with regulatory properties of physiological and/or pathophysiological significance. The aim of this comprehensive overview is to provide an up-to-date insight into the distribution and properties of the well established granin-derived peptides and their putative roles in homeostatic regulations. Hence, focus is directed to peptides derived from the three main granins, e.g. to the chromogranin A derived vasostatins, betagranins, pancreastatin and catestatins, the chromogranin B-derived secretolytin and the secretogranin II-derived secretoneurin (SN). In addition, the distribution and properties of the chromogranin A-derived peptides prochromacin, chromofungin, WE14, parastatin, GE-25 and serpinins, the CgB-peptide PE-11 and the SgII-peptides EM66 and manserin will also be commented on. Finally, the opposing effects of the CgA-derived vasostatin-I and catestatin and the SgII-derived peptide SN on the integrity of the vasculature, myocardial contractility, angiogenesis in wound healing, inflammatory conditions and tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphaela Mätzler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jasmin Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Vance Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen B Helle
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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Posod A, Wechselberger K, Stanika RI, Obermair GJ, Wegleiter K, Huber E, Urbanek M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Griesmaier E. Administration of secretoneurin is protective in hypoxic-ischemic neonatal brain injury predominantly in the hypoxic-only hemisphere. Neuroscience 2017; 352:88-96. [PMID: 28391015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury is a problem of global importance. To date, no causal therapies are available. A substance with considerable therapeutic potential is the endogenous neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN), which has proven to be beneficial in adult stroke. The aim of this study was to assess its effect in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury models. In vitro, primary hippocampal neurons were pre-treated with vehicle, 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml, or 50µg/ml SN and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for six hours. Cell death was assessed after a 24-h recovery period. In vivo, seven day-old CD-1 mice underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation and were exposed to 8% oxygen/nitrogen for 20 min. SN plasma concentrations were serially determined by ELISA after insult. One hour after hypoxia, a subgroup of animals was treated with vehicle or SN. SN plasma concentrations significantly decreased 48h after insult. The number of caspase-3-positive cells was significantly lower in the hypoxic-ischemic hemisphere in the thalamus of SN-treated animals. In the hypoxic-only hemisphere administration of SN significantly reduced the number of caspase-3-positive cells (in cortex, white matter, hippocampus, thalamus and striatum) and inhibited microglial cell activation in the thalamus. SN has neuroprotective potential in neonatal brain injury. Its main action seems to be inhibition of apoptosis in the aftermath of the insult, predominantly in the hypoxic-only hemisphere. This might be explained by the less pronounced injury in this hemisphere, where blood flow and thus nutrient supply are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Posod
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karina Wechselberger
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruslan Iljitsch Stanika
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald J Obermair
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karina Wegleiter
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Huber
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Urbanek
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Griesmaier
- Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Trebak F, Dubuc I, Arabo A, Alaoui A, Boukhzar L, Maucotel J, Picot M, Cherifi S, Duparc C, Leprince J, Prévost G, Anouar Y, Magoul R, Chartrel N. A potential role for the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behaviour. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28166374 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
EM66 is a conserved 66-amino acid peptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII), a member of the granin protein family. EM66 is widely distributed in secretory granules of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, as well as in hypothalamic neurones. Although EM66 is abundant in the hypothalamus, its physiological function remains to be determined. The present study aimed to investigate a possible involvement of EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behaviour. We show that i.c.v. administration of EM66 induces a drastic dose-dependent inhibition of food intake in mice deprived of food for 18 hours, which is associated with an increase of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and melanocortin-3 receptor mRNA levels and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the POMC neurones of the arcuate nucleus. By contrast, i.c.v. injection of EM66 does not alter the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), or that of its Y1 and Y5 receptors. A 3-month high-fat diet (HFD) leads to an important decrease of POMC and SgII mRNA levels in the hypothalamus, whereas NPY gene expression is not affected. Finally, we show that a 48 hours of fasting in HFD mice decreases the expression of POMC and SgII mRNA, which is not observed in mice fed a standard chow. Taken together, the present findings support the view that EM66 is a novel anorexigenic neuropeptide regulating hypothalamic feeding behaviour, at least in part, by activating the POMC neurones of the arcuate nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trebak
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences DM, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - I Dubuc
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - A Arabo
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - A Alaoui
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences DM, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - L Boukhzar
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - J Maucotel
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - M Picot
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - S Cherifi
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - C Duparc
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - J Leprince
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - G Prévost
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Y Anouar
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - R Magoul
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences DM, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - N Chartrel
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
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Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is an established plasma marker of neuroendocrine tumors and has been suggested to also have a role as biomarker in other diseases. Whether CgA has any role as biomarker in diabetes is, however, unresolved, but its widespread distribution in the secretory granules in endocrine tissues including β cells and α cells in pancreas, and the metabolic effects of its peptide fragments suggest that CgA may play a pathophysiological role in diabetes, and thus also be a potential diabetes biomarker. In this review, we summarize the available information on CgA and some of its functional post-translational cleavage products in diabetes, followed by a discussion of its potential as a plasma marker in diabetes and the methodological concerns involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Broedbaek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Mikwar M, Navarro-Martin L, Xing L, Volkoff H, Hu W, Trudeau VL. Stimulatory effect of the secretogranin-ll derived peptide secretoneurin on food intake and locomotion in female goldfish (Carassius auratus). Peptides 2016; 78:42-50. [PMID: 26860475 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretoneurin (SN) is a conserved peptide derived by proteolytic processing from the middle domain of the ∼600 amino acid precursor secretogranin-II (SgII). Secretoneurin is widely distributed in secretory granules of endocrine cells and neurons and has important roles in reproduction as it stimulates luteinizing hormone release from the pituitary. A potential new role of SN in goldfish feeding is the subject of this study. Firstly, we established that acute (26 h; p<0.0001) and short-term (72 h; p=0.016) fasting increased SgIIa precursor mRNA levels 1.25-fold in the telencephalon, implicating SN in the control of feeding. Secondly, we determined that intracerebroventricular injections of the type A SN (SNa; 0.2 and 1 ng/g BW) increased food intake and locomotor behavior by 60 min. Fish injected with the lower and higher doses of SNa (0.2 and 1 ng/g) respectively exhibited significant 1.77- and 2.58-fold higher food intake (p<0.0001) than the saline-injected control fish. Locomotor behavior was increased by 1.35- and 2.26-fold for 0.2 ng/g SNa (p=0.0001) and 1 ng/g SNa (p<0.0001), respectively. Injection of 1 ng/g SNa increased mRNA levels of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y 1.36-fold (p=0.038) and decreased hypothalamic cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript by 33% (p=0.01) at 2h and 5h post-injection, respectively. These data suggest interactions of SNa with stimulatory and inhibitory pathways of food intake control in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikwar
- Centre of Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Navarro-Martin
- Centre of Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Xing
- Centre of Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - H Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - W Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - V L Trudeau
- Centre of Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Martinez-Moreno CG, Trudeau VL, Harvey S. Co-storage and secretion of growth hormone and secretoneurin in retinal ganglion cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 220:124-32. [PMID: 25435278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that growth hormone (GH) and granins are co-stored and co-secreted from pituitary somatotrophs. In this work we demonstrate for the first time that GH- and secretoneurin (SN) immunoreactivity (the secretogranin II (SgII) fragment) are similarly present in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which is an extrapituitary site of GH expression, and in quail QNR/D cells, which provide an experimental RGC model. The expression of SgII and chromogranin A in the pituitary gland, neuroretina and QNR/D cells was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Western blotting also showed that the SN-immunoreactivity in somatotrophs and QNR/D cells was associated with multiple protein bands (24, 35, 48, 72, 78, 93 and 148kDa) of which the 72kDa and 148kDa bands were most abundant. Secretoneurin was constitutively secreted from QNR/D cells as 35kDa and 37kDa proteins and unlike GH, was not increased by exogenous GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). Intracellular analysis by EM showed co-localization of GH and SN in cell bodies and neurites in QNR/D cells. This co-localization was associated with small dark bodies in the neurites. In addition, co-localization of GH and SNAP-25 in the cell surface of QNR/D's plasma membranes suggests GH-release involves specific vesicle-membrane recognition in QNR/D cells. As SN is a marker for secretory granules, GH secretion from RGCs is thus likely to be in secretory granules, as in somatotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada.
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38
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Abbott CW, Kozanian OO, Huffman KJ. The effects of lifelong blindness on murine neuroanatomy and gene expression. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:144. [PMID: 26257648 PMCID: PMC4513570 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian neocortical development is regulated by neural patterning mechanisms, with distinct sensory and motor areas arising through the process of arealization. This development occurs alongside developing central or peripheral sensory systems. Specifically, the parcellation of neocortex into specific areas of distinct cytoarchitecture, connectivity and function during development is reliant upon both cortically intrinsic mechanisms, such as gene expression, and extrinsic processes, such as input from the sensory receptors. This developmental program shifts from patterning to maintenance as the animal ages and is believed to be active throughout life, where the brain’s organization is stable yet plastic. In this study, we characterize the long-term effects of early removal of visual input via bilateral enucleation at birth. To understand the long-term effects of early blindness we conducted anatomical and molecular assays 18 months after enucleation, near the end of lifespan in the mouse. Bilateral enucleation early in life leads to long-term, stable size reductions of the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1) alongside a increase in individual whisker barrel size. Neocortical gene expression in the aging brain has not been previously identified; we document cortical expression of multiple regionalization genes. Expression patterns of Ephrin A5, COUP-TFI, and RZRβ and patterns of intraneocortical connectivity (INC) are altered in the neocortices of aging blind mice. Sensory inputs from different modalities during development likely play a major role in the development of cortical areal and thalamic nuclear boundaries. We suggest that early patterning by prenatal retinal activity combined with persistent gene expression within the thalamus and cortex is sufficient to establish and preserve a small but present LGN and V1 into late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Abbott
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Olga O Kozanian
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kelly J Huffman
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
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39
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Secretoneurin as a marker for hypoxic brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40:1518-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Guillemot J, Guérin M, Thouënnon E, Montéro-Hadjadje M, Leprince J, Lefebvre H, Klein M, Muresan M, Anouar Y, Yon L. Characterization and plasma measurement of the WE-14 peptide in patients with pheochromocytoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88698. [PMID: 24523932 PMCID: PMC3921219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Granins and their derived peptides are valuable circulating biological markers of neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tumoral chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide WE-14 and the potential advantage to combine plasma WE-14 detection with the EM66 assay and the existing current CgA assay for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Compared to healthy volunteers, plasma WE-14 levels were 5.4-fold higher in patients with pheochromocytoma, but returned to normal values after surgical resection of the tumor. Determination of plasma CgA and EM66 concentrations in the same group of patients revealed that the test assays for these markers had an overall 84% diagnostic sensitivity, which is identical to that determined for WE-14. However, we found that WE-14 measurement improved the diagnostic sensitivity when combined with the results of CgA or EM66 assays. By combining the results of the three assays, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was increased to 95%. In fact, the combination of WE-14 with either CgA or EM66 test assays achieved 100% sensitivity for the diagnosis of paragangliomas and sporadic or malignant pheochromocytomas if taken separately to account for the heterogeneity of the tumor. These data indicate that WE-14 is produced in pheochromocytoma and secreted into the general circulation, and that elevated plasma WE-14 levels are correlated with the occurrence of this chromaffin cell tumor. In addition, in association with other biological markers, such as CgA and/or EM66, WE-14 measurement systematically improves the diagnostic sensitivity for pheochromocytoma. These findings support the notion that granin-processing products may represent complementary tools for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Guillemot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marlène Guérin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Erwan Thouënnon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maité Montéro-Hadjadje
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Bois-Guillaume, France
| | - Marc Klein
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de Brabois, University of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Mihaela Muresan
- Unit of Endocrinology, Hôpital Notre-Dame de Bon Secours, Metz, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Laurent Yon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, Normandy, France
- Rouen University, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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41
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Gramlich OW, Lorenz K, Grus FH, Kriechbaum M, Ehrlich D, Humpel C, Fischer-Colbrie R, Bechrakis NE, Troger J. Catestatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat eye. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:7-13. [PMID: 24331778 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence and distribution of the chromogranin A-derived peptide catestatin in the rat eye and trigeminal ganglion by immunofluorescence using an antibody which recognizes not only free catestatin but also larger fragments containing the sequence of catestatin. Western blots were performed in an attempt to characterize the immunoreactivities detected by the catestatin antiserum. Sparse immunoreactive nerve fibers were visualized in the corneal stroma, in the chamber angle, in the sphincter muscle but also in association with the dilator muscle, in the stroma of the ciliary body and processes, but dense in the irideal stroma, around blood vessels at the limbus and in the choroid and in cells of the innermost retina representing amacrine cells as identified by colocalization with substance P. Furthermore, catestatin-immunoreactivity was detected in the trigeminal ganglion in small to medium-sized cells and there were abundant catestatin-positive nerve fibers stained throughout the stroma of the ganglion. Double immunofluorescence of catestatin with substance P revealed colocalization both in cells of the trigeminal ganglion as well as in nerve fibers in the choroid. The immunoreactivities are present obviously as free catestatin and/or small-sized catestatin-containing fragments in the retina and ocular nerves but as large processed fragments as well, weak in the retina and more prominent in remaining ocular tissues, possibly in endothelial cells. This indicates that this peptide is a constituent of sensory neurons innervating the rat eye and the presence in amacrine cells in the retina is typical for neuropeptides. Catestatin is biologically highly active and might be of significance in the pathophysiology of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Gramlich
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Lorenz
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maren Kriechbaum
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Ehrlich
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimers Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimers Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Fischer-Colbrie
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter Mayrstraße 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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42
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Iwase K, Ishihara A, Yoshimura S, Andoh Y, Kato M, Seki N, Matsumoto E, Hiwasa T, Muller D, Fukunaga K, Takiguchi M. The secretogranin II gene is a signal integrator of glutamate and dopamine inputs. J Neurochem 2013; 128:233-45. [PMID: 24111984 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative gene regulation by different neurotransmitters likely underlies the long-term forms of associative learning and memory, but this mechanism largely remains to be elucidated. Following cDNA microarray analysis for genes regulated by Ca(2+) or cAMP, we found that the secretogranin II gene (Scg2) was cooperatively activated by glutamate and dopamine in primary cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. The Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 prevented Scg2 activation by glutamate or dopamine; thus, the Ca(2+) /MEK pathway is predicted to include a convergence point(s) of glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling. Unexpectedly, the protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720 enhanced Scg2 activation by dopamine. The protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide also enhanced Scg2 activation, and the proteasome inhibitor ZLLLH diminished the KT5720-mediated augmentation of Scg2 activation. These results are concordant with the notion that dopaminergic input leads to accumulation of a KT5720-sensitive transcriptional repressor, which is short-lived because of rapid degradation by proteasomes. This repression pathway may effectively limit the time window permissive to Scg2 activation by in-phase glutamate and dopamine inputs via the Ca(2+) /MEK pathway. We propose that the regulatory system of Scg2 expression is equipped with machinery that is refined for the signal integration of in-phase synaptic inputs. We proposed hypothetical mechanism for the regulation of the secretogranin II gene as a signal integrator of glutamate and dopamine inputs. Glutamate or dopamine activates the Ca(2+) /MEK/ERK pathway, which thus contributes to the signal integration. Concurrently, activation of the PKA inhibitor KT5720-sensitive pathway by dopamine leads to accumulation of the repressor protein X that is otherwise susceptible to proteasome degradation. This repression system may determine the time window permissive to the cooperative activation by in-phase glutamate and dopamine inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuro Iwase
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Ager-Wick E, Dirks RP, Burgerhout E, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, de Wijze DL, Spaink HP, van den Thillart GEEJM, Tsukamoto K, Dufour S, Weltzien FA, Henkel CV. The pituitary gland of the European eel reveals massive expression of genes involved in the melanocortin system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77396. [PMID: 24130881 PMCID: PMC3795071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland regulate important processes such as development, growth and metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and body pigmentation. Synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones are regulated by different factors from the hypothalamus, but also through feedback mechanisms from peripheral organs, and from the pituitary itself. In the European eel extensive attention has been directed towards understanding the different components of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis, but little is known about the regulation of upstream processes in the pituitary gland. In order to gain a broader mechanistic understanding of the eel pituitary gland, we have performed RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of the pituitary of prepubertal female silver eels. RNA-seq reads generated on the Illumina platform were mapped to the recently assembled European eel genome. The most abundant transcript in the eel pituitary codes for pro-opiomelanocortin, the precursor for hormones of the melanocortin system. Several genes putatively involved in downstream processing of pro-opiomelanocortin were manually annotated, and were found to be highly expressed, both by RNA-seq and by qPCR. The melanocortin system, which affects skin color, energy homeostasis and in other teleosts interacts with the reproductive system, has so far received limited attention in eels. However, since up to one third of the silver eel pituitary's mRNA pool encodes pro-opiomelanocortin, our results indicate that control of the melanocortin system is a major function of the eel pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
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[Chromogranin A and neuroendocrine tumors]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:386-95. [PMID: 23271036 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most abundant granin in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). As a tumor marker is moderately sensitive and nonspecific. Despite the limitations of testing methods, which require careful interpretation, especially in the case of gastrinomas, patients treated with somatostatin analogues, and poorly differentiated tumors, it is the best tumor marker in GEP-NETs and may be of value in other tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation. CgA may be used as a marker in blood or tissue samples through immunohistochemical techniques. CgA levels correlate with tumor burden and extension and may be used for diagnosis and monitoring of GEP-NETs, especially midgut carcinoids and endocrine pancreatic tumors. It is also useful as a prognostic marker for detection of recurrence and monitoring of response to different treatments.
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Lorenz K, Gramlich OW, Grus FH, Ehrlich D, Humpel C, Nogalo M, Fischer-Colbrie R, Bechrakis NE, Hattmannstorfer R, Troger J. GE-25-like immunoreactivity in the rat eye. Peptides 2012; 36:286-91. [PMID: 22634234 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of the chromogranin A-derived peptide GE-25 in the rat eye. The molecular form detected by the GE-25 antiserum was evaluated in the rat trigeminal ganglion, retina and remaining tissues of the rat eye by means of Western blots and the distribution pattern of GE-25-like immunoreactivity was studied in the rat eye and rat trigeminal ganglion by immunofluorescence. One single band of approximately 70kDa was stained in the trigeminal ganglion and retina which represents the uncleaved intact chromogranin A indicating that the proteolytic processing of chromogranin A to GE-25 is limited in these tissues. Sparse GE-25-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were visualized in the corneal stroma, at the limbus around blood vessels, in the sphincter and dilator muscle and stroma of the iris, in the stroma of the ciliary body and ciliary processes and in the stroma and around blood vessels in the choroid. This distribution pattern is characteristic for neuropeptides whereas the presence of immunoreactivity in the corneal endothelium and in Müller glia in the retina is atypical. GE-25-like immunoreactivity was found in small to medium-sized ganglion cells in the rat trigeminal ganglion clearly indicating that the nerve fibers in the rat eye are of sensory origin. The colocalization of GE-25-immunoreactivity with SP-immunoreactivity in the rat ciliary body is in agreement with the presumption of the sensory nature of the innervation of the anterior segment of the eye by GE-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Guillemot J, Thouënnon E, Guérin M, Vallet-Erdtmann V, Ravni A, Montéro-Hadjadje M, Lefebvre H, Klein M, Muresan M, Seidah NG, Anouar Y, Yon L. Differential expression and processing of secretogranin II in relation to the status of pheochromocytoma: implications for the production of the tumoral marker EM66. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:115-27. [PMID: 22217803 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that measurement of tissue concentrations of the secretogranin II (SgII or SCG2 as listed in the HUGO database)-derived peptide EM66 may help to discriminate between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas and that EM66 represents a sensitive plasma marker of pheochromocytomas. Here, we investigated the gene expression and protein production of SgII in 13 normal adrenal glands, and 35 benign and 16 malignant pheochromocytomas with the goal to examine the molecular mechanisms leading to the marked variations in the expression of EM66 in tumoral chromaffin tissue. EM66 peptide levels were 16-fold higher in benign than in malignant pheochromocytomas and had an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.95 for the distinction of benign and malignant tumors. Q-PCR experiments indicated that the SgII gene was significantly underexpressed in malignant tumors compared with benign tumors. Western blot analysis using antisera directed against SgII and SgII-derived fragments revealed lower SgII protein and SgII-processing products in malignant tumors. Western blot also showed that low p-cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) concentrations seemed to be associated with the malignant status. In addition, the prohormone convertase PC1 and PC2 genes and proteins were overexpressed in benign pheochromocytomas compared with malignant pheochromocytomas. Low concentrations of EM66 found in malignant tumors are associated with reduced expression and production of SgII and SgII-derived peptides that could be ascribed to a decrease in SgII gene transcription, probably linked to p-CREB down-regulation, and to lower PC levels. These findings highlight the mechanisms leading to lower concentrations of EM66 in malignant pheochromocytoma and strengthen the notion that this peptide is a suitable marker of this neuroendocrine tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guillemot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Altered levels of fecal chromogranins and secretogranins in IBS: relevance for pathophysiology and symptoms? Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:440-7. [PMID: 22233694 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chromogranins (Cg) and secretogranins (Sg) are proteins ubiquitous in secretory cells of the enteric, endocrine, and immune systems, and may reflect activity of these systems. We therefore performed a hypothesis generating study to evaluate the association between fecal levels of CgA, CgB, SgII, and SgIII, with the clinical and pathophysiological phenotype of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. METHODS Analyses of CgA, CgB, SgII, SgIII, and calprotectin in fecal samples of 82 IBS patients and 29 healthy controls were performed. All IBS subjects completed validated questionnaires to assess gastrointestinal and psychological symptom severity, and underwent rectal barostat test and colonic transit time measurement. RESULTS IBS patients demonstrated higher levels of fecal CgA (P=0.009), SgII (P<0.001), and SgIII (P<0.001), but lower levels of CgB (P<0.001) compared with controls. SgII had good discriminative validity to positively identify IBS patients, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUROC) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.94). SgIII and CgB both had fairly good discriminative validity to positively identify IBS patients, with an AUROC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.87) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69-0.87), respectively. There were negative correlations between the colonic transit time and fecal levels of CgA (r=-0.53, P<0.001), SgII (r=-0.55, P<0.001), and SgIII (r=-0.28, P=0.03). Perceived abdominal pain was moderately associated with levels of CgA (r=0.32, P=0.004), SgII (r=0.31, P=0.006), and SgIII (r=0.24, P=0.04). Calprotectin levels were not associated with the levels of granins or with the clinical or pathophysiological phenotype of IBS patients. CONCLUSIONS Fecal levels of Cg and Sg may be related to the underlying pathophysiology of IBS and of potential importance for symptoms of the patients. Granins also show promise to serve as future biomarkers of IBS. Further studies are needed to explore the potential role of granins in IBS patients.
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Trudeau VL, Martyniuk CJ, Zhao E, Hu H, Volkoff H, Decatur WA, Basak A. Is secretoneurin a new hormone? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 175:10-8. [PMID: 22036841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous small potentially bioactive peptides are derived from the selective processing of the ~600 amino acid secretogranin II (SgII) precursor, but only the 31-42 amino acid segment termed secretoneurin (SN) is well-conserved from sharks to mammals. Both SNa and SNb paralogs have been identified in some teleosts, likely arising as a result of the specific genome duplication event in this lineage. Only one copy of the putative lamprey SgII (188 amino acids) could be identified which gives rise to a divergent agnathan SN that contains the signature YTPQ-X-LA-X(7)-EL sequence typical of the central core of all known SN peptides. In rodent models, SN has regulatory effects on neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter release, and possesses therapeutic potential for the induction of angiogenesis. The wide distribution of SN in neuroendocrine neurons and pituitary cells suggests important endocrine roles. The clearest example of the endocrine action of SN is the stimulatory effects on pituitary luteinizing hormone release from goldfish pituitary and mouse LβT2 gonadotroph cells, indicative of an important role in reproduction. Several lines of evidence suggest that the SN receptor is most likely a G-protein coupled protein. Microarray analysis of SN effects on dispersed goldfish pituitary cells in vitro reveals novel SN actions that include effects on genes involved in notch signaling and the guanylate cyclase pathway. Intracerebroventricular injection of SN increases feeding and locomotory behaviors in goldfish. Given that SgII appeared early in vertebrate evolution, SN is an old peptide with emerging implications as a new multifunctional hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Monocular enucleation profoundly reduces secretogranin II expression in adult mouse visual cortex. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:1082-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Mahata SK, Fischer-Colbrie R, Loh YP, Salton SRJ. The extended granin family: structure, function, and biomedical implications. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:755-97. [PMID: 21862681 PMCID: PMC3591675 DOI: 10.1210/er.2010-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chromogranins (chromogranin A and chromogranin B), secretogranins (secretogranin II and secretogranin III), and additional related proteins (7B2, NESP55, proSAAS, and VGF) that together comprise the granin family subserve essential roles in the regulated secretory pathway that is responsible for controlled delivery of peptides, hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Here we review the structure and function of granins and granin-derived peptides and expansive new genetic evidence, including recent single-nucleotide polymorphism mapping, genomic sequence comparisons, and analysis of transgenic and knockout mice, which together support an important and evolutionarily conserved role for these proteins in large dense-core vesicle biogenesis and regulated secretion. Recent data further indicate that their processed peptides function prominently in metabolic and glucose homeostasis, emotional behavior, pain pathways, and blood pressure modulation, suggesting future utility of granins and granin-derived peptides as novel disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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