1
|
Talal S, Chahal A, Osgood GM, Brosemann J, Harrison JF, Cease AJ. Target for lipid-to-carbohydrate intake minimizes cost of growth. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240424. [PMID: 38807520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many theoretical treatments of foraging use energy as currency, with carbohydrates and lipids considered interchangeable as energy sources. However, herbivores must often synthesize lipids from carbohydrates since they are in short supply in plants, theoretically increasing the cost of growth. We tested whether a generalist insect herbivore (Locusta migratoria) can improve its growth efficiency by consuming lipids, and whether these locusts have a preferred caloric intake ratio of carbohydrate to lipid (C : L). Locusts fed pairs of isocaloric, isoprotein diets differing in C and L consistently selected a 2C : 1L target. Locusts reared on isocaloric, isoprotein 3C : 0L diets attained similar final body masses and lipid contents to locusts fed the 2C : 1L diet, but they ate more and had a ~12% higher metabolic rate, indicating an energetic cost for lipogenesis. These results demonstrate that some animals can selectively regulate carbohydrate-to-lipid intake and that consumption of dietary lipids can improve growth efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stav Talal
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey M Osgood
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jonah Brosemann
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Arianne J Cease
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baudet JB, Xuereb B, Schaal G, Rollin M, Poret A, Jeunet L, Jaffrézic E, Duflot A, Charles T, Le Foll F, Coulaud R. Combined effects of temperature and diet on the performance of larvae produced by young and old Palaemon serratus females. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103796. [PMID: 38306780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in environmental conditions determine the success of decapod larval development, and females transmit more energy in sub-optimal conditions to maximise the fitness of their offspring. The objective of this study was to focus on the combined effects of temperature (14, 18 and 22 °C) and food quality on the performance of larvae produced by 5 young (0+) and 5 old (I+) Palaemon serratus females. We prepared 3 diets based on Artemia, in decreasing order of total fatty acid content: freshly hatched nauplii (N), unenriched metanauplii (M) and metanauplii enriched with a mixture of microalgae (ME). At hatching, the larvae produced by I+ females had a higher biomass but a similar fatty acid concentration to those produced by 0+ females. Larvae survived better and developed relatively faster as temperature increased, and the longer they waited to metamorphose, the greater their weight at metamorphosis. These performances were diet-dependent, with more survival and more growth in less time with diet N than with the other two. Larvae from I+ females performed better than those from 0+ females, especially under the most stressful conditions. The greater biomass of the larvae of I+ females seems to have enabled them to follow a shorter, and therefore faster, development path than those of 0+ females. The larvae's diet also had an impact on post-metamorphic composition: larvae eating a diet richer in fatty acids produced richer juveniles and those eating a poorer diet produced juveniles with slightly more essential fatty acids. This study supports the high plasticity of caridean shrimp larval development and the importance of maternal effects on the fitness of offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Baudet
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Benoît Xuereb
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | | | - Marc Rollin
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Agnès Poret
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Léa Jeunet
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzane, France
| | | | - Aurélie Duflot
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Thibault Charles
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Romain Coulaud
- Le Havre Normandie University (ULHN), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-INERIS 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, 76600, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang BY, Fang WH, Zhu R, Wang N, Yao Q, Liu HJ, Wan JW, Chen YK, Wang QJ, Zhang DM. Comparative Study on Growth Index and Nutritional Quality of Female Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Selected at Different Growth Periods in Rice-Crab Culture Systems. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:4805919. [PMID: 37034828 PMCID: PMC10076119 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4805919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Research was conducted on the growth performance and nutritional quality of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) during a 62-day growing period in a symbiotic coculture comprising rice and crab. Culture experiments were conducted in three rice fields of equal size (996 m2). On days 0 (July 15, D0), 15 (July 30, D15), 31 (August 15, D31), 46 (August 30, D46), and 62 (September 2, D62), tissue samples of 50 female E. sinensis were collected randomly from each rice field. The results showed that the serum growth hormone (GH) content and muscle ecdysone receptor (EcR) mRNA expression levels were higher in the D31 and D46 groups; the content of serum 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) and the mRNA expression levels of retinoid X receptor (RXR), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and chitinase (CHI) reached the maximum in the D31 group. Muscle crude protein content gradually increased; hepatopancreas crude protein and crude lipid content began to decrease after reaching the maximum value in the D0 and D15 groups, respectively; the contents of crude protein and crude lipid in the ovary significantly increased in the D46 and D62 groups (P < 0.05). The content of muscle essential amino acids (EAA) reached the maximum in the D46 group; the hepatopancreas EAA content began to decrease significantly in the D31 group (P < 0.05); and the EAA content of the ovary decreased significantly after reaching the maximum value in the D46 group (P < 0.05). The muscle contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) and the ratio of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3/n6) decreased significantly in the D31 group (P < 0.05); the hepatopancreas contents of EPA, PUFA, n-3PUFA, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) and the ratio of n3/n6 began to decrease after reaching the maximum value in the D31 group, ethyl behenate (21:0), tetracosanoic acid (24:0), DPA, and DHA contents were detected for the first time in the D31 group; the ovary PUFA, n-3PUFA contents, and n3/n6 ratio of the D46 and D62 groups were significantly lower than those of the D31 group (P < 0.05). During the experimental conditions described here, female E. sinensis raised in rice fields reached rapid growth from August 15 to August 30. Additionally, the nutritional quality of the female E. sinensis edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas, and ovary) began to decline after August 15, when sufficient nutrients such as protein, lipid, EAA, and PUFA should be provided to the female E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wen-Hao Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qi Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hong-Jian Liu
- Aquaculture Technology Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ji-Wu Wan
- Aquaculture Technology Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-Ke Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez Soler M, Courtois de Vicose G, Roo Filgueira J, Zambrano Sánchez J, Yugcha Oñate E, Montachana Chimborazo M, Intriago Díaz W, Reyes Abad E, Afonso López JM. Effect of HUFA in Enriched Artemia on Growth Performance, Biochemical and Fatty Acid Content, and Hepatopancreatic Features of Penaeus vannamei Postlarvae from a Commercial Shrimp Hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:7343070. [PMID: 37025427 PMCID: PMC10072957 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7343070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A 12-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Artemia enrichment with two experimental microalgal emulsions (formulated with selected fatty acid contents) on Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. For this purpose, 405,000 postlarvae (stage 1) were obtained from a commercial hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador, and distributed into nine fiberglass tanks. Postlarvae were fed for 12 days with three experimental diets (three tanks per treatment): treatment A (Artemia enriched with experimental microalgal emulsion A and dry diet), treatment B (Artemia enriched with experimental microalgal emulsion B and dry diet) and nonenriched Artemia (Artemia without enrichment and dry diet). At the end of the experiment, length (mm), coefficient of variation of population sizes, number of postlarvae in a gram of weight (PL-gram), biochemical composition, fatty acid profile, hepatopancreas perimeter, and histopathological hepatopancreas status of P. vannamei postlarvae (stage 12) were analyzed. To evaluate the status of the hepatopancreas, a categorization range (1-5) was created with different histological parameters such as number of B cells, vesicles around them, healthy tubules, and degradation tissues. Growth traits did not present differences between treatments; total length was 10.17 mm, 10.83 mm, and 10.27 mm for treatment A, treatment B, and nonenriched treatment, respectively, and PL-gram was 141.00, 162.00, and 142.33 for treatment A, treatment B, and nonenriched treatment, respectively. Biochemical composition of postlarvae (lipids, ash, and protein content) did not present differences between the three treatments. Significant differences were observed in the content of three essential fatty acids (DHA, DPA, and ARA) in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae fed with Artemia enriched with experimental emulsions. Thus, DHA content was significantly superior in animals fed with Artemia enriched with treatments A and B (9.80 ± 0.71% and 9.75 ± 0.44%, respectively) than in animals fed with unenriched Artemia (5.78 ± 0.68) (P < 0.05). Concerning arachidonic acid (ARA), treatments A and B showed 3.31 ± 0.20% and 3.19 ± 0.09%, respectively, higher than postlarvae fed with unenriched Artemia, 2.73 ± 0.04% (P < 0.05). Regarding DPA content, treatments A and B reported higher values of MA and MB (0.81 ± 0.06% and 0.86 ± 0.08%, respectively), than unenriched Artemia (0.43 ± 0.02%) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the increase in DHA, DPA, and ARA contents in postlarvae coincided with the increase in hepatopancreas perimeter. In addition, a large number of B cells, a large number of healthy tubules, increased dilatation of the central tube, and a lower percentage of deteriorated tissue were observed in the hepatopancreas when postlarvae were fed with enriched Artemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martínez Soler
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Carretera de Taliarte, s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Gercende Courtois de Vicose
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Carretera de Taliarte, s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Javier Roo Filgueira
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Carretera de Taliarte, s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - José Zambrano Sánchez
- BIOGEMAR S.A. Company/PRODUMAR Company (ALMAR group), Ciud. Miramar vía Mar Bravo, 240206 Salinas, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Yugcha Oñate
- BIOGEMAR S.A. Company/PRODUMAR Company (ALMAR group), Ciud. Miramar vía Mar Bravo, 240206 Salinas, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Magaly Montachana Chimborazo
- BIOGEMAR S.A. Company/PRODUMAR Company (ALMAR group), Ciud. Miramar vía Mar Bravo, 240206 Salinas, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Walter Intriago Díaz
- BIOGEMAR S.A. Company/PRODUMAR Company (ALMAR group), Ciud. Miramar vía Mar Bravo, 240206 Salinas, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Reyes Abad
- BIOGEMAR S.A. Company/PRODUMAR Company (ALMAR group), Ciud. Miramar vía Mar Bravo, 240206 Salinas, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso López
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Carretera de Taliarte, s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
6
|
Nazarudin MF, Alias NH, Balakrishnan S, Wan Hasnan WNI, Noor Mazli NAI, Ahmad MI, Md Yasin IS, Isha A, Aliyu-Paiko M. Chemical, Nutrient and Physicochemical Properties of Brown Seaweed, Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (Phaeophyceae) Collected from Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia. Molecules 2021; 26:5216. [PMID: 34500650 PMCID: PMC8434233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent increased interest in seaweed is motivated by attention generated in their bioactive components that have potential applications in the functional food and nutraceutical industries. In the present study, nutritional composition, metabolite profiles, phytochemical screening and physicochemical properties of freeze-dried brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum were evaluated. Results showed that the S. polycystum had protein content of 8.65 ± 1.06%, lipid of 3.42 ± 0.01%, carbohydrate of 36.55 ± 1.09% and total dietary fibre content of 2.75 ± 0.58% on dry weight basis. The mineral content of S. polycystum including Na, K, Ca, Mg Fe, Se and Mn were 8876.45 ± 0.47, 1711.05 ± 0.07, 1079.75 ± 0.30, 213.85 ± 0.02, 277.6 ± 0.12, 4.70 ± 0.00 and 4.45 ± 0.00 mg 100/g DW, respectively. Total carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b content in S. polycystum were detected at 45.28 ± 1.77, 141.98 ± 1.18 and 111.29 µg/g respectively. The total amino acid content was 74.90 ± 1.45%. The study revealed various secondary metabolites and major constituents of S. polycystum fibre to include fucose, mannose, galactose, xylose and rhamnose. The metabolites extracted from the seaweeds comprised n-hexadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy- methyl ester, 1-dodecanol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, which were the most abundant. The physicochemical properties of S. polycystum such as water-holding and swelling capacity were comparable to several commercial fibre-rich products. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that S. polycystum is a potential candidate as functional food sources for human consumption and its cultivation needs to be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Nurul Haziqah Alias
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Seentusha Balakrishnan
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Wan Nurazween Izatee Wan Hasnan
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Mohd Ihsanuddin Ahmad
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Ina-Salwany Md Yasin
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Azizul Isha
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Products Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamed Aliyu-Paiko
- Biochemistry Department, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University (IBBU), Lapai 911101, Nigeria;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guimarães AM, Guertler C, do Vale Pereira G, da Rosa Coelho J, Costa Rezende P, Nóbrega RO, do Nascimento Vieira F. Nannochloropsis spp. as Feed Additive for the Pacific White Shrimp: Effect on Midgut Microbiology, Thermal Shock Resistance and Immunology. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010150. [PMID: 33440774 PMCID: PMC7827307 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate Nannochloropsis spp. as feed additive in the diet of Pacific white shrimp for their effect on midgut microbiology, thermal shock resistance and immunological parameters. Initially, the digestibility of the microalgae meal was assessed, and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was determined. The ADC was, in general, high in lipids (78.88%) and eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (73.86%). Then, Nannochloropsis spp. were included in diets at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion). The shrimp were reared in 500 L clear water tanks containing 20 shrimp per tank with an initial weight of 6.05 ± 0.06 g and fed four times a day. Shrimp fed with supplemented diets containing Nannochloropsis spp. (0.5 and 2%) presented higher resistance to thermal shock when compared to the non-supplemented group (control). Shrimp fed with 1 and 2% of algae inclusion had a higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to other treatments. No statistical difference was observed in the immunological parameters and microbiology of the intestinal tract. Thus, the inclusion of Nannochloropsis spp. in shrimp diets at 0.5 and 2% levels increases resistance to thermal shock and ROS production in shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Martins Guimarães
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Cristhiane Guertler
- Campus São Bento do Sul, Instituto Federal Catarinense–São Bento do Sul, São Bento do Sul 89283-064, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | | | - Jaqueline da Rosa Coelho
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Priscila Costa Rezende
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Renata Oselame Nóbrega
- Laboratório de Nutrição de Espécies Aquícolas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88066-260, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Felipe do Nascimento Vieira
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-048-3721-4118
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Microalgal solutions in the cultivation of rotifers and artemia: scope for the modulation of the fatty acid profile. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05415. [PMID: 33195845 PMCID: PMC7644910 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. (AUR), Isochrysis sp. (ISO), and Nannochloropsis sp (NAN) were studied as possible alternative feeds to well established commercial compound feeds for both rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia franciscana. Fatty acid (FA) composition —relative (in % of total FAs) and absolute (in mg/g dw)—was determined in order to assess their potential for providing essential FAs. The FA profiles showed relevant differences between the four feeds (compound feed and the three microalgal species), but less stark than in the feeds themselves. Whereas Isochrysis sp. was relatively rich in DHA and poor in EPA, 18.6 ± 1.7% vs 0.6 ± 0.0%, respectively, Nannochloropsis sp. had the opposite pattern, 0.2 ± 0.3% vs 28.3 ± 0.7%. Aurantiochytrium sp. was rich in DHA (19.1 ± 0.2% corresponding to 89.8 ± 0.2 mg/g dw), but posed difficulties as a feed for both rotifers and artemia, given its low lipid incorporation and, in particular, poor DHA deposition. Rotifers fed the compound feed had the best combination of n3 PUFA levels (22.1 ± 0.1 mg/g dw), DHA contents (13.6 ± 0.4 mg/g dw), and DHA/EPA ratios (~3), being rotifers fed AUR and ISO feeds second best. Hence, these microalgae may deserve to be further explored as potential sources of specific FAs in rotifers and artemia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferosekhan S, Xu H, Turkmen S, Gómez A, Afonso JM, Fontanillas R, Rosenlund G, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. Reproductive performance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock showing different expression of fatty acyl desaturase 2 and fed two dietary fatty acid profiles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15547. [PMID: 32968090 PMCID: PMC7512018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that it is possible to nutritionally program gilthead seabream offspring through fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (VO) in the broodstock diet, to improve their ability to grow fast when fed low fish meal (FM) and FO diets during grow-out phase. However, in those studies broodstock performance was reduced by the VO contained diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if it is possible to replace FO by a mixture of FO and rapeseed oil (RO) with a specific fatty acid profile in broodstock diets, without altering gilthead seabream broodstock reproductive performance. Besides, the study also aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of broodstock with different expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) a key enzyme in synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. For that purpose, broodfish having either a high (HD) or low (LD) expression of fads2 were fed for three months during the spawning season with two diets containing different fatty acid profiles and their effects on reproductive hormones, fecundity, sperm and egg quality, egg biochemical composition and fads2 expression were studied. The results showed that blood fads2 expression in females, which tended to be higher than in males, was positively related to plasma 17β-estradiol levels. Moreover, broodstock with high blood fads2 expression showed a better reproductive performance, in terms of fecundity and sperm and egg quality, which was correlated with female fads2 expression. Our data also showed that it is feasible to reduce ARA, EPA and DHA down to 0.43, 6.6 and 8.4% total fatty acids, respectively, in broodstock diets designed to induce nutritional programming effects in the offspring without adverse effects on spawning quality. Further studies are being conducted to test the offspring with low FM and FO diets along life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. .,ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferosekhan S, Turkmen S, Xu H, Afonso JM, Zamorano MJ, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 ( fads2) Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10070117. [PMID: 32707702 PMCID: PMC7400341 DOI: 10.3390/life10070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata broodstock in order to determine the possible use of fads2 expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.22 ± 0.20 kg; 44.8 ± 2 cm and female-2.36 ± 0.64 kg; 55.1 cm) were fed a diet containing low levels of fish meal and fish oil (EPA 2.5; DHA 1.7 and n-3 LC-PUFA 4.6% TFA) for one month. After the feeding period, fads2 expression in PBCs and liver of both male and female broodstock were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Additionally, in male broodstock, liver fads2 expression was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to liver contents in 16:0 (r = 0.95; p = 0.04) and total saturates (r = 0.97; p = 0.03) as well as to 20:3n–6/20:2n–6 (r = 0.98; p = 0.02) a Fads2 product/precursor ratio. Overall, we found a positive and significant correlation between fads2 expression levels in the PBCs and liver of GSB broodstock. PBCs fads2 expression levels indicate a strong potential for utilization as a non-invasive method to select animals having increased fatty acid bioconversion capability, better able to deal with diets free of fish meal and fish oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Maria Jesus Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mah MQ, Kuah MK, Ting SY, Merosha P, Janaranjani M, Goh PT, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. Molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis and functional characterisation of an Elovl7-like elongase from a marine crustacean, the orange mud crab (Scylla olivacea). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 232:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
Allen KM, Habte-Tsion HM, Thompson KR, Filer K, Tidwell JH, Kumar V. Freshwater microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) as a substitute to fish oil for shrimp feed. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6178. [PMID: 30992460 PMCID: PMC6467892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-algae, Schizochytrium sp., is rich source of docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (66%-lipid with 27%-DHA). Eight nutritionally balanced-diets were formulated: diet 1 (control) consisted of only fish oil (FO); diets 2 and 3 had increasing amounts of algae-meal and soybean oil (SBO) at the expense of FO; diet 4 consisted of a combination of algae meal (37-g/kg), SBO (21-g/kg), and linseed oil (LSO) at 4-g/kg each; diet 5 had microalgae meal at 50-g/kg and equal amounts of LSO and SBO at 8-g/kg; diets 6 and 7 contained equal amounts of algae-meal at 62-g/kg, but with LSO or SBO added at 8-mg/g, respectively; diet 8 contained only algae-meal at 75-mg/g. Growth and feeding efficiencies of L. vannamei were not significantly different among treatments. Fatty acid composition of muscle generally reflected that of the diet. The amount of muscle sub-epidermal adipose tissue was significantly higher for shrimp fed diets 3 and 7, while intestinal lipase was significantly higher in shrimp fed diets 7 and 8. Muscle lipid peroxidation was unaffected by the dietary treatments, although antioxidant activities were significantly higher in shrimp fed diet 7 compared to those fed diet 1. Overall algal-meal can completely replace the FO in shrimp feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy M Allen
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Dr, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA
| | - Habte-Michael Habte-Tsion
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Dr, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA
| | - Kenneth R Thompson
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Dr, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA
| | - Keith Filer
- Aquaculture Research Center, Alltech, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - James H Tidwell
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Dr, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Dr, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA. .,Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, 2000 W Sixth Street, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bi S, Huang Z, Wang Y, Nie F, Wang X, Sun L, Zhu Z, Gooneratne R. Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:416-423. [PMID: 30777787 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1574172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n = 30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5 mg kg-1) of T-2 for 20 days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P < 0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Bi
- a Ski Teaching and Training Base Post-doctoral Research Station of Harbin Sport University , Harbin , China
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Zhanrui Huang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Yaling Wang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Fanghong Nie
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Lijun Sun
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- a Ski Teaching and Training Base Post-doctoral Research Station of Harbin Sport University , Harbin , China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- c Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Lincoln University , Lincoln, Canterbury , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaliszewicz A, Jarząbek K, Szymańska J, Karaban K, Sierakowski M. Alpha-Linolenic Acid, but Not Palmitic Acid, Negatively Impacts Survival, Asexual Reproductive Rate, and Clonal Offspring Size in Hydra oligactis. Lipids 2018; 53:447-456. [PMID: 29741213 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydra, as sit-and-wait predators with limited food selectivity, could serve as model organisms for the analysis of the effect of a particular dietary component on growth and reproduction. We investigated the effect of food quality and of diets enriched with palmitic (PAM) or α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the life history traits of two hydra species: Hydra oligactis and Hydra vulgaris. We tested the hypothesis that a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can stimulate growth and reproduction in simple metazoans with a sit-and-wait type of predatory strategy. Our results revealed that a diet based on Artemia nauplii, which are not a natural food for freshwater hydra, stimulated growth, asexual reproduction, and survival in hydra. Artemia nauplii were characterized by the highest lipid content of all used food sources. The analysis of the fatty acid content of hydra indicated the domination the n-6 fatty acids over n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], and ALA). Arachidonic acid appeared to be the dominant PUFA in Hydra, irrespective of diet supplementation with palmitic acid or ALA. The dietary supplementation of ALA negatively affected the survival, asexual reproductive rate, and size of clonal offspring of H. oligactis and had no effect on the life history traits of H. vulgaris. Our results also suggest that the hydras are not able to efficiently convert ALA into other essential fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the adverse effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in primitive metazoans such as hydra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kaliszewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jarząbek
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Szymańska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Karaban
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sierakowski
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.,Toxicological Monitoring Station, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
High Arachidonic Acid Levels in the Tissues of Herbivorous Fish Species (Siganus fuscescens, Calotomus japonicus and Kyphosus bigibbus). Lipids 2017; 52:363-373. [PMID: 28332043 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The lipid and fatty acid compositions in the various organs (muscle, liver, other viscera) and stomach contents of three common herbivorous fish species in Japan, Siganus fuscescens, Calotomus japonicus and Kyphosus bigibbus, were examined to explore the stable 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) sources. Triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) were the dominant lipid classes, while the major FA contents were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 14:0, 18:0, 18:1n-7, and some PUFA, including ARA, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The amounts of these fatty acids were varied among species and their lipid classes. Phospholipids contained higher levels of PUFA than TAG. However, ARA in both phospholipids and TAG was markedly present in the muscle and viscera of all specimens, particularly in C. japonicus and K. bigibbus. Moreover, their ARA levels were higher than the levels of DHA and EPA. The observed high ARA level is unusual in marine fish and might be characteristic of herbivorous fish. Furthermore, ARA was the dominant PUFA in the stomach contents of the three species, suggesting that the high ARA level originated from their food sources. The above indicates that these three herbivorous fishes are ARA-rich marine foods and have potential utilization as stable ARA resources.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Gao J, Huang S. Effects of different dietary phospholipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid composition, PPAR gene expressions and antioxidant responses of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fingerlings. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:423-36. [PMID: 25261016 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary phospholipid (PL) from soybean lecithin on growth performance, liver fatty acid composition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression levels and antioxidant responses of blunt snout bream fingerlings. Fish (average initial weight 0.35 ± 0.01 g) were fed five experimental diets containing the following inclusion levels of PL: 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%. Results showed that final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary PL level increased from 0 to 6%, meanwhile the survival was not affected by dietary PL supplementation. Increasing dietary PL level significantly (P < 0.05) increased in 20:4n-6 content in neutral lipid of liver, indicating fish had the capacity to convert C18 to C20 and C22 by elongation and desaturation. The expression levels of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in liver were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was decreased with dietary PL supplementation up to 6% compared with the control. Therefore, it was concluded that supplementation of 6% (18.8 g kg(-1), polar lipid of diet) PL could improve growth performance of blunt snout bream fingerlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Masiha A, Mahboobi Soofiani N, Ebrahimi E, Kadivar M, Karimi MR. Effect of dietary flaxseed oil level on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of fingerlings of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:1. [PMID: 23419944 PMCID: PMC3568465 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of flaxseed oil as a source of supplemental dietary lipid for fingerlings of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Triplicate groups of the 30 fingerlings held under identical culture conditions were fed twice daily by iso-nitrogenous, iso-calorific and iso-lipidic diets for 8 weeks. Experimental diets consisted of 30.2% protein, 18.6 kJ g(-1) energy and 16.5% lipid from fish oil (FO), flaxseed oil (FxO) and 1:1 blends of the oils (FFxO). Moisture, ash, protein, final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survival and hepatosomatic index were not affected by treatments but the percent of lipids was significantly highest in fish fed the flaxseed oil diet (FxOD). The condition factors of fingerlings reared on FxOD and fish and flaxseed oils diet (FFxOD) were significantly lower than those fed the fish oil diet (FOD). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly higher than those fed the FOD and FFxOD. Whole body fatty acid compositions mirrored those of diet treatments. The highest amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were detected in fish fed 100% FO, which was significantly different from other treatments. In all treatments polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFAs/SFAs) and n-6/n-3 ratios were higher than 0.45 and lower than 4, respectively. Present results indicate the fingerlings can be reared on diets in which FO has been replaced with FxO, with no significant effects on fish performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Masiha
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| | | | - Eisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadivar
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) insertion/deletion polymorphism impact on muscle fatty acid profile in European grayling (Thymallus thymallus). Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1559-64. [PMID: 23578405 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An insertion (In)/deletion (Del) polymorphism in the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene, which codes for Δ6-desaturase, was for the first time observed in fish. The polymorphism is located in the seventh intron of FADS2 and the insertion consists of eleven repeats of CTGT (44 bp) with an allelic frequency, for the insertion, of 39 %. The polymorphism was associated with a modulation in Δ6-desaturase activity as significant effects on the ratio of EPA or DHA to their precursors were found (P< 0·001). A different distribution of SFA, MUFA and PUFA among the In/In, In/Del and Del/Del groups was also detected in fish fillet. The results suggest that genetic selection for this marker might improve the ability of European grayling to utilise dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA precursors, as Δ6-desaturase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of EPA and DHA from α-linolenic acid.
Collapse
|
19
|
Beckmann CL, Mitchell JG, Seuront L, Stone DAJ, Huveneers C. Experimental Evaluation of Fatty Acid Profiles as a Technique to Determine Dietary Composition in Benthic Elasmobranchs. Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:266-78. [DOI: 10.1086/669539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
20
|
Kavraal S, Oncu SK, Bitiktas S, Artis AS, Dolu N, Gunes T, Suer C. Maternal intake of Omega-3 essential fatty acids improves long term potentiation in the dentate gyrus and Morris water maze performance in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1482:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Nahon S, Pruski AM, Duchêne JC, Méjanelle L, Vétion G, Desmalades M, Charles F. Can UV radiation affect benthic deposit-feeders through biochemical alteration of food resources? An experimental study with juveniles of the benthic polychaete Eupolymnia nebulosa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 71:266-274. [PMID: 21388674 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The growth, tentacle development and feeding activity of the benthic polychaete Eupolymnia nebulosa were examined to determine whether UV might affect marine deposit-feeders indirectly through the modification of the nutritional quality of their resources. Since marine invertebrates have higher nutritional requirements during the period following settlement, we tested the effect of UV-altered phytodetritus on freshly settled juveniles of E. nebulosa. Phytodetritus was prepared from cultures of the diatom Skeletonema costatum either grown under or sheltered from UVB radiation. Sterol content of phytodetritus was unmodified by UV radiation. Conversely, phytodetritus was noticeably depleted in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Growth and tentacle development of juveniles fed on altered phytodetritus were reduced by 35% and 15% respectively, suggesting potential deficiencies in essential nutrients. In response to the lower quality of the phytodetritus, juveniles explored a wider area as they search for food, a strategy that could compensate for low food quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nahon
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, FRE 3350, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66651 Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Taipale SJ, Kainz MJ, Brett MT. Diet-switching experiments show rapid accumulation and preferential retention of highly unsaturated fatty acids in Daphnia. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
23
|
Roy BC, Miyake Y, Ando M, Kawasaki KI, Tsukamasa Y. Proximate and Fatty Acid Compositions in Different Flesh Cuts of Cultured, Cultured Fasted, and Wild Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2010.518281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
OURAJI H, ABEDIAN KENARI A, SHABANPOUR B, SHABANI A, NEZAMI S, SODAGAR M, JANI KHALILI K, FAGHANI S. GROWTH RESPONSE AND MUSCLE LIPID QUALITY OF INDIAN WHITE SHRIMP FED DIFFERENT OILS AT TWO DIETARY LIPID LEVELS. J FOOD QUALITY 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2010.00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
25
|
The effects of 2-bromopalmitate on the fatty acid composition in differentiating adipocytes of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 152:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
26
|
Chakraborty RD, Chakraborty K, Radhakrishnan EV. Variation in fatty acid composition of Artemia salina nauplii enriched with microalgae and baker's yeast for use in larviculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:4043-51. [PMID: 17407315 DOI: 10.1021/jf063654l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The high content of the essential fatty acids in some microalgae and baker's yeast has made them excellent diets for boosting the fatty acid content of livefood Artemia. The influences of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and three microalgae, viz., Chlorella salina, Chaetoceros calcitrans, and Nannochloropsis salina, were tested as diet components in marine livefeed brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii to improve the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition. Artemia nauplii submerged in these diets for four different enrichment intervals (3, 6, 8, and 24 h) were found to incorporate essential fatty acids, and the percentage composition of different fatty acids was measured in the enriched Artemia nauplii and enrichment diets. N. salina produced higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n6, 9.50%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3, 25.80%), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3, 4.18%) as compared to other diets. The total PUFA content of the enriched Artemia by N. salina increased by 56.50% with enrichment periods up to 8 h, followed by a significant reduction in the final 24 h. N. salina yielded Artemia nauplii with considerable EPA (8.05%), AA (14.15%), and DHA (1.85%) after 8 h of enrichment, which are significantly higher levels than in nauplii fed with the other three diets (p = 0.05). The DHA/EPA values in Artemia enriched for 6 h by N. salina and C. calcitrans were found to be, respectively, 88.46 and 25% higher than freshly hatched Artemia. Artemia enriched by C. salina and baker's yeast exhibited a reduction in PUFA content even at 6 h of enrichment. Significant relative decreases in DHA, EPA, and total PUFA in Artemia enriched with all of the diets were apparent, with a corresponding increase in the total saturated fatty acid content (26.95 +/- 9.75%) in the final stages (24 h) of enrichment (p = 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha D Chakraborty
- Crustacean Fisheries Division and Physiology Nutrition and Pathology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Beltz BS, Tlusty MF, Benton JL, Sandeman DC. Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate adult neurogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2007; 415:154-8. [PMID: 17240063 PMCID: PMC1892224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play crucial roles in the development and function of the central nervous system. These components, which must be obtained from dietary sources, have been implicated in a variety of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the presence of omega-6 fatty acids may interfere with omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. The present study investigated whether changes in dietary ratios of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids influence neurogenesis in the lobster (Homarus americanus) brain where, as in many vertebrate species, neurogenesis persists throughout life. The factors that regulate adult neurogenesis are highly conserved among species, and the crustacean brain has been successfully utilized as a model for investigating this process. In this study, lobsters were fed one of three diets that differed in fatty acid content. These animals were subsequently incubated in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect cells in S-phase of the cell cycle. A quantitative analysis of the resulting BrdU-labeled cells in the projection neuron cluster in the brain shows that short-term augmentation of dietary omega-3 relative to omega-6 fatty acids results in significant increases in the numbers of S phase cells, and that the circadian pattern of neurogenesis is also altered. It is proposed that the ratio of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids may alter neurogenesis via modulatory influences on membrane proteins, cytokines and/or neurotrophins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Beltz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Turchini GM, Francis DS, De Silva SS. Fatty acid metabolism in the freshwater fish Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) deduced by the whole-body fatty acid balance method. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144:110-8. [PMID: 16513379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The whole-body fatty acid balance method was used to investigate the fatty acid metabolism in Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) fed diets containing canola (CO) or linseed oil (LO). Murray cod were able to elongate and desaturate both 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. In fish fed the CO diet, 54.4% of the 18:2n-6 consumed was accumulated, 38.5% oxidized and 6.4% elongated and desaturated to higher homologs. Fish fed the LO diet accumulated 52.9%, oxidized 37% and elongated and desaturated 8.6% of the consumed 18:3n-3. The overall roles of n-6 fatty acids appeared more important in Murray cod compared to other freshwater species. Murray cod also showed a preferential order of utilization of C18 fatty acid for energy production (18:3n-3 > 18:2n-6 > 18:1n-9). Moreover, it is demonstrated that an increase in dietary 18:3n-3 is directly responsible of increased desaturase activity and augmented saturated fatty acid accumulation in the fish body. The present study also suggests that, in the context of the possible maximization of the natural ability of fish to produce long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the whole-body approach can be considered well suited and informative and Murray cod is a suited candidate to fish oil replacement for its diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M Turchini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ritar AJ, Dunstan GA, Crear BJ, Brown MR. Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004; 136:353-70. [PMID: 14511754 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(03)00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined biochemical changes accompanying feeding and starvation from hatch to Stage VI (day 74 after hatch) in spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, phyllosoma larvae. Larval dry weights (dw) increased 17-fold from hatch (80+/-1 microg) to Stage VI (1415+/-44 microg). Larvae starved for 6-11 days at Stages II, IV and VI were 14-40% lighter than their fed counterparts fed enriched Artemia. The increases and losses in total dry weight during feeding and starvation were associated with changes in the content of protein (constituting 31.4-41.7% of dw) and carbohydrate (constituting 2.6-5.3% of dw), while larger changes in lipid content indicated its greater importance as an energy substrate. Lipid content increased from 7.9% of dw at hatch to its highest of 12.5% at Stage IV, but declined by 50% or more during starvation. This suggests that protein, carbohydrate and lipid are all important energy stores, although lipids are catabolized at a greater rate during food deprivation. The principal lipid class was polar lipid (PL; 79-92% of total lipid), followed by sterol (ST; 6-20%), with triacylglycerol and other lipid classes at <2%. PL were catabolized and ST were conserved during starvation. Changes in the fatty acid (FA) profile had mostly occurred before the first moult at day 8 after hatch, with gradual changes thereafter to Stage VI, reflecting their abundance in the Artemia diet. There was some conservation of the major essential FAs, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and the FA profile showed large gains in the C(18) polyunsaturated FA, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6. Ascorbic acid content increased 10-fold from hatch to the end of Stage I (36 and 333 microgg(-1) dw, respectively), while the content at the end of Stage II was higher in fed than that in starved larvae (439 and 174 microgg(-1) dw, respectively). Our study will assist in the development of alternatives to nutritionally incomplete diets, such as live ongrown Artemia, to meet the requirements of phyllosoma in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Ritar
- Marine Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Nubeena Crescent, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Taroona, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seiliez I, Panserat S, Corraze G, Kaushik S, Bergot P. Cloning and nutritional regulation of a Delta6-desaturase-like enzyme in the marine teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 135:449-60. [PMID: 12831765 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine fish are presumed to have a lower capacity than freshwater fish for the bioconvertion of 18C fatty acids into 20-22C highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The present work investigated the first step of this pathway, the Delta6-desaturation, in gilthead seabream. A full-length desaturase-like cDNA was identified from total RNA extracted from viscera of juvenile fish fed for 96 days on an experimental HUFA-free diet containing olive oil as the sole lipid source. The open reading frame encodes a 445-amino acid peptide that contains two membrane-spanning domains, three histidine-rich regions, and a cytochrome b(5) domain, which are characteristic of Delta6- and Delta5-desaturases. Predicted protein sequence of seabream desaturase-like indicated a high percentage of identity with mammalian Delta6-desaturases (approx. 65%). Northern analysis showed two transcripts of approximately 3.7 and 1.8 kb which were highly expressed in fish fed on HUFA-free diet and slightly expressed in fish fed on HUFA-rich diet. The fatty acid profile of the former group was characterized by high levels of Delta6-desaturation products (18:2 n-9 and 20:2 n-9) with no detectable levels of Delta5-desaturation product (20:3n-9). These results demonstrate for the first time the presence and nutritional modulation of a Delta6-desaturase-like cDNA in a marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Seiliez
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, Unité mixte INRA-IFREMER, 64310, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rollin X, Peng J, Pham D, Ackman RG, Larondelle Y. The effects of dietary lipid and strain difference on polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and conversion in anadromous and landlocked salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 134:349-66. [PMID: 12568812 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five experimental diets containing different proportions of olive, sunflower and linseed oils were used in a 55-day feeding trial on both anadromous and landlocked parr of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of the same age, in order to study the effects of diet and strain on growth and fatty acid composition and absolute gains in fish whole body triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL). Growth rate was higher in landlocked than in anadromous parr, but not between the different diets. By contrast, the effect of diet on whole body fatty acid composition was much more pronounced than that of strain difference. The fatty acids deposition results establish significant (P<0.05) positive correlations and linear relationships between the percentage of several fatty acids (18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3) in dietary lipids and their absolute gains in whole body TAG and PL of both stocks. They also indicate the selective deposition of 18:1n-9 compared with linoleic acid (LLA) and linolenic acid (LNA). Finally, the results suggest the occurrence of the conversion of LLA and LNA to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, its stimulation by increased substrate availability, a significantly higher n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids conversion capacity in landlocked than in anadromous parr and a strong genetic influence on docosahexaenoic acid content in salmon parr PL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rollin
- Laboratoire de Pisciculture Huet, Unité des Eaux et Forêts, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Harel M, Lund E, Gavasso S, Herbert R, Place AR. Modulation of arachidonate and docosahexaenoate in Morone chrysops larval tissues and the effect on growth and survival. Lipids 2000; 35:1269-80. [PMID: 11132186 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-0643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which extreme dietary levels of arachidonate (AA) and/or docosahexaenoate (DHA) modulate lipid composition in the body tissues and consequently affect growth and survival in freshwater Morone larvae species was examined. White bass, M. chrysops, larvae (day 24-46) were fed Artemia nauplii enriched with algal oils containing varying proportions of AA and DHA (from 0 to over 20% the total fatty acids). Growth was significantly reduced (P< 0.05) in larvae fed a DHA-deficient Artemia diet. Increases in dietary levels of AA also were associated with a significant growth reduction. However, the inhibitory effect of AA on larvae growth could be suppressed by the dietary addition of DHA (at a level of 21.6% of the total fatty acids in enrichment lipids). Larval brain + eyes tissue accumulated over 10 times more DHA than AA in its structural lipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine) at any dietary ratio. In contrast, DHA accumulation, as compared to AA, in gill lipids declined considerably at higher than 10:1 DHA/AA tissue ratios. DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents in brain + eyes tissue were most sensitive to competition from dietary AA, being displaced from the tissue at rates of 0.36 +/- 0.07 mg DHA and 0.46 +/- 0.11 mg EPA per mg increase in tissue AA, and 0.55 +/- 0.14 mg AA per mg increase in tissue DHA. On the other hand, AA and EPA levels in gill tissue were most sensitive to dietary changes in DHA levels; AA was displaced at rates of 0.37 +/- 0.11 mg, whereas EPA increased at rates of 0.68 +/- 0.28 mg per mg increase in tissue DHA. Results suggest that balanced dietary DHA/AA ratios (that allow DHA/AA ratios of 2.5:1 in brain + eyes tissue) promote a high larval growth rate, which also correlates with maximal regulatory response in tissue essential fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Harel
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Enhanced absorption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in Artemia nauplii using a dietary combination of DHA-rich phospholipids and DHA-sodium salts. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(99)00106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Kontara EK, Djunaidah IS, Coutteau P, Sorgeloos P. Comparison of native, lyso and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine as phospholipid source in the diet of postlarval Penaeus japonicus bate. ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 1998; 51:1-19. [PMID: 9638301 DOI: 10.1080/17450399809381901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Native and two modified forms of soybean phosphatidylcholine were used to study the nutritional effect of their fatty acids for postlarval Penaeus japonicus. Five semipurified and isolipidic diets were formulated using casein as a protein source. Three diets contained 1.5% of different types of phosphatidylcholine (95% purity), i.e. native soybean phosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine and 1-acyl lyso soybean phosphatidylcholine, besides 1% of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid formulated as triglycerides. Two negative control diets contained either triglycerides or ethyl esters as a source of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids without phospholipid. The experiment was conducted during two successive phases of 20 d starting from 12-d old postlarvae. Feeding the diet containing native soybean phosphatidylcholine resulted in significantly better growth and resistance to osmotic shock of P. japonicus postlarvae compared to the other diets. The total lipid content of the tissue was significantly increased by the supplementation of soybean phosphatidylcholine, whereas no significant difference was observed for the shrimp fed the modified phosphatidylcholine sources compared to the phosphatidylcholine-free diet at the end of the experiment. Shrimp fed the diet containing soybean phosphatidylcholine exhibited a higher polar lipid fraction in the whole body total lipid mainly as a result of the increased proportion of phosphatidylcholine and to a lesser extent of phosphatidylinositol at the expense of free fatty acids, free sterols and sterol esters. The content of 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the shrimp tissue were higher in shrimp fed the native soybean and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine diets compared to those fed the phosphatidylcholine-free and 1-acyl lyso soybean phosphatidylcholine-based diets. The fatty acid profile of tissue phosphatidylethanolamine was more influenced by the type of dietary phosphatidylcholine than that of tissue phosphatidylcholine. In the absence of phospholipids in the diet, triglyceride fish oil and a mixture of ethyl ester concentrate and coconut oil with similar n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids content were equivalent sources of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. The beneficial effects of dietary phospholipids may be due to a more efficient transport and utilization of dietary neutral lipids through a better lipid mobilization following absorption in the intestinal mucosa rather than due to a better emulsification of neutral lipid in the gut lumen. The functionality of phosphatidylcholine in the diet of postlarval P. japonicus requires the presence of unsaturated fatty acids and an intact fatty acid moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Kontara
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Till date, many workers have demonstrated the nutritive value of dietary lipids and the qualitative and quantitative requirements for essential fatty acid (EFA) in many cultivable fish. From the data accrued, a categorization can be made for the EFA requirement as follows: Type I (require n-6 fatty acids), Type II (require both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids) and Type III (require n-3 fatty acids). Common carp Cyprinus carpio and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are codified as Type II fish based on their EFA needs. The requirement of both fish for dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is found to be 1% and 0.5-1%, respectively. Our recent experiment clearly indicated that grass carp fed diet without EFA show deficiency symptoms like vertebral column curvature (VCC), indicating lordosis. The manifestation is similar to SEKOKE DISEASE which is characterised by apparent muscular dystrophy. However, grass carp fed an EFA-deficient diet did not exhibit the apparent muscular dystrophy. Recently, we have also investigated the interaction between EFA and vitamin E (VE), and the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) using the isotope technique. These results are to be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Takeuchi
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Olsen RE, Henderson RJ, McAndrew BJ. The conversion of linoleic acid and linolenic acid to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by Tilapia (Oreochromis) nilotica in vivo. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 8:261-270. [PMID: 24221989 DOI: 10.1007/bf00004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis) nilotica were fed either a commercial diet containing 2.2% (n-3) and 0.5% (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), or a diet containing 1.0% methyl linoleate as the only PUFA. The fatty acid composition of tissue lipids generally reflected that of the diet. Fish from both dietary groups were injected intraperitoneally with (14)C-labelled linoleic acid, 18:2 (n-6), or linolenic acid, 18:3 (n-3), and the distribution of radioactivity in tissue lipids examined. The conversion of both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) to longer chain PUFA was lower in fish fed the commercial diet than in those fed the diet containing only 18:2 (n-6). Half of the radioactivity from both substrates recovered in liver polar lipids was present in C20 and C22 PUFA with fish maintained on the experimental diet. It is concluded that T. nilotica is capable of elongating and desaturating both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3), but that this conversion is suppressed by dietary longer chain PUFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Olsen
- Holt Agricultural Research Station, P. O. Box 100, N-9001, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lautier J, Lagarrigue JG. Lipid metabolism of the female crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus during the moulting cycle. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|