1
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Lactulose determination in UHT milk by CZE-UV with indirect detection. Food Chem 2018; 258:337-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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2
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Development and Validation of a Green Capillary Electrophoretic Method for Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds in Red Wine Samples. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Fang F, Tang K, Huang WD. Changes of flavonol synthase and flavonol contents during grape berry development. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Franquet-Griell H, Checa A, Núñez O, Saurina J, Hernández-Cassou S, Puignou L. Determination of polyphenols in Spanish wines by capillary zone electrophoresis. Application to wine characterization by using chemometrics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8340-8349. [PMID: 22866993 DOI: 10.1021/jf302078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the simultaneous determination of 20 polyphenols in wine was developed. The separation was performed using fused-silica capillaries of 75 μm i.d. and a 30 mM sodium tretraborate buffer solution at pH 9.2 with 5% isopropanol as a background electrolyte. A capillary voltage of +25 kV with pressure-assisted (3.5 kPa) separation from minute 18 was applied, thus achieving a total analysis time of <25 min. Instrumental quality parameters such as limits of detection (LOD, values between 0.3 and 2.6 mg/L), linearity (r(2) > 0.990), and run-to-run and day-to-day precisions (RSD values lower than 6.5 and 15.7%, respectively) were established. Three different calibration procedures were evaluated for polyphenol quantitation in wines: external calibration using standards prepared in Milli-Q water, standard addition, and pseudomatrix-matched calibration using wine as a matrix. For a 95% confidence level, no statistical differences were observed, in general, between the three calibration methods (p values between 0.11 and 0.84), whereas for some specific polyphenols, such as cinnamic acid, syringic acid, and gallic acid, results were not comparable when external calibration was used. The CZE method using pseudomatrix-matched calibration was then proposed and applied to the analysis of polyphenols in 49 Spanish wines, showing satisfactory results and a wide compositional variation between wines. Electrophoretic profiles and other compositional data (e.g., peak areas of selected peaks) were considered as fingerprints of wines to be used for characterization and classification purposes. The corresponding data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to extract information on the most significant features contributing to wine discrimination according to their origins. Results showed that a reasonable distribution of wines depending on the elaboration areas was found, tyrosol and gallic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids being some representative discriminant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Franquet-Griell
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Kumar YS, Varakumar S, Reddy O. Evaluation of antioxidant and sensory properties of mango (Mangifera indicaL.) wine. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2010.530693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Ballus CA, Meinhart AD, de Oliveira RG, Godoy HT. Optimization of capillary zone electrophoresis separation and on-line preconcentration of 16 phenolic compounds from wines produced in South America. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Moreno M, Arribas AS, Bermejo E, Zapardiel A, Chicharro M. Analysis of polyphenols in white wine by CZE with amperometric detection using carbon nanotube-modified electrodes. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:877-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye‐Jeong Park
- a Department of Biology, College of Advanced Sciences , Dankoook University , Cheonan , 330–714 , Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Cheol Cha
- b Department of Biology, College of Advanced Sciences , Dankoook University , Cheonan , 330–714 , Korea Phone: Fax: E-mail:
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9
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Application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods to determine antioxidant phenolic compounds from plant food material. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1130-60. [PMID: 20719447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are one of the most common active ingredients of nutritionally functional foods which can play an important role in the prevention of oxidation and cellular damage inhibiting or delaying the oxidative processes. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the application of antioxidants to medical treatment as information is constantly gathered linking the development of human diseases to oxidative stress. Within antioxidants, phenolic molecules are an important category of compounds, commonly present in a wide variety of plant food materials. Their correct determination is pivotal nowadays and involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation, identification, quantification and interpretation of the data. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about all the necessary steps of any analytical procedure to achieve the determination of phenolic compounds from plant matrices, paying particular attention to the application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods. Since it is quite complicated to establish a classification of plant food material, and to structure the current review, we will group the different matrices as follows: fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and medicinal plants, beverages, vegetable oils, cereals, legumes and nuts and other matrices (including cocoa beans and bee products). At the end of the overview, we include two sections to explain the usefulness of the data about phenols provided by capillary electrophoresis and the newest trends.
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10
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He JJ, Han FL, Yu QQ, Pan QH, Duan CQ, Cheng GL. Effects of the maceration enzymes on evolution of pyranoanthocyanins and cinnamic acids during the cabernet gernischet (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) red wine making. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Pereira V, Câmara JS, Cacho J, Marques JC. HPLC-DAD methodology for the quantification of organic acids, furans and polyphenols by direct injection of wine samples. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1204-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Peres RG, Micke GA, Tavares MFM, Rodriguez-Amaya DB. Multivariant optimization, validation, and application of capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of polyphenols and phenolic acids in Brazilian wines. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:3822-8. [PMID: 19877139 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of the stilbene resveratrol, four phenolic acids (syringic, coumaric, caffeic, and gallic acids), and five flavonoids (catechin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin) in wine by CE was developed and validated. The CE electrolyte composition and instrumental conditions were optimized using 2(7-3) factorial design and response surface analysis, showing sodium tetraborate, MeOH, and their interaction as the most influential variables. The optimal electrophoretic conditions, minimizing the chromatographic resolution statistic values, consisted of 17 mmol/L sodium tetraborate with 20% methanol as electrolyte, constant voltage of 25 kV, hydrodynamic injection at 50 mbar for 3 s, and temperature of 25 degrees C. The R(2) values for linearity varied from 0.994 to 0.999; LOD and LOQ were 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L and 0.4 to 0.8 mg/L, respectively. The RSDs for migration time and peak area obtained from ten consecutive injections were less than 2% and recoveries varied from 97 to 102%. The method was applied to 23 samples of inexpensive Brazilian wines, showing wide compositional variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato G Peres
- Departament of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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13
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Cheung RHF, Marriott PJ, Small DM. CE methods applied to the analysis of micronutrients in foods. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:3390-413. [PMID: 17847130 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the applications of CE that are relevant to the analysis of small molecules in foods. CE has been applied to a wide range of important areas of food analysis and is rapidly being established as an alternative technique to chromatographic methods including HPLC and GC within analytical food and research laboratories. In recent years the analysis of food by CE has become more frequent and important and as such a variety of compounds have been separated and quantified. Although many other analytes have been detected by CE, this review will highlight areas relating primarily to the rather broad chemical classes of free amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins and a variety of antioxidants. In addition, information relating to the analyte, sample matrix, mode of CE employed, scope of the methodology and the detection and derivatization of the small molecules are considered and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Hau Fung Cheung
- Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Minuti L, Pellegrino R. Determination of phenolic compounds in wines by novel matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:23-30. [PMID: 18262536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction method was developed to extract simultaneously 23 phenolic compounds from wine samples prior to determination by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode. Different parameters of the MSPD technique such as dispersant solid-phase, eluting solvent, and sample ionic strength and pH were optimized. The optimized MSPD procedure requires a small volume of wine (1 mL), commercial silica gel (1.5 g) as dispersant solid-phase and a small volume of ethyl acetate (5 mL) as eluting solvent. Under these conditions, the extraction of the studied compounds was almost complete (mean values of recoveries between 87 and 109%) in a short time (15 min). Moreover, satisfactory standard deviations of repeatability (RSD<9% in most cases), linear regression coefficients (r(2)>0.993) and detection limits (<8 microg/L) confirm the usefulness of the methodology for routine monitoring of the concentration of individual phenolic antioxidants in wines. Application was illustrated by analysis of different wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Minuti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, Italy.
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15
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Sun J, Liang F, Bin Y, Li P, Duan C. Screening non-colored phenolics in red wines using liquid chromatography/ultraviolet and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry libraries. Molecules 2007; 12:679-93. [PMID: 17851421 PMCID: PMC6149347 DOI: 10.3390/12030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (LC/UV) and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) libraries containing 39 phenolic compounds were established by coupling a LC and an ion trap MS with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source, operated in negative ion mode. As a result, the deprotonated [M-H]- molecule was observed for all the analyzed compounds. Using MS/MS hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acids showed a loss of CO2 and production of a [M-H-44]- fragment and as expected, the UV spectra of these two compounds were affected by their chemical structures. For flavonol and flavonol glycosides, the spectra of their glycosides and aglycones produced deprotonated [M-H]- and [A-H]- species, respectively, and their UV spectra each presented two major absorption peaks. The UV spectra and MS/MS data of flavan-3-ols and stilbenes were also investigated. Using the optimized LC/MS/MS analytical conditions, the phenolic extracts from six representative wine samples were analyzed and 31 phenolic compounds were detected, 26 of which were identified by searching the LC/UV and MS/MS libraries. Finally, the presence of phenolic compounds was confirmed in different wine samples using the LC/UV and LC/MS/MS libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, 10083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Casal S, Andrade PB, Oliveira MB, Ferreres F, Garcia-Viguera C, Ferreira MA. ANALYSIS OF HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS OF COFFEE: A COMPARISON OF HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Casal
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , CEQUP/Laboratório de Bromatologia, Porto , 4050 , Portugal
| | - P. B. Andrade
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , CEQUP/Laboratório de Bromatologia, Porto , 4050 , Portugal
| | - M. B. Oliveira
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , CEQUP/Laboratório de Bromatologia, Porto , 4050 , Portugal
| | - F. Ferreres
- b Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS (CSIC) , P.O. Box 4195, Murcia , 30080 , Spain
| | - C. Garcia-Viguera
- b Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS (CSIC) , P.O. Box 4195, Murcia , 30080 , Spain
| | - M. A. Ferreira
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , CEQUP/Laboratório de Bromatologia, Porto , 4050 , Portugal
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17
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18
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Gürbüz O, Göçmen D, Dagˇdelen F, Gürsoy M, Aydin S, Şahin İ, Büyükuysal L, Usta M. Determination of flavan-3-ols and trans-resveratrol in grapes and wine using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Bridle P, García-Viguera C, Tomás-Barberán FA. Analysis of Anthocyanins by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608005518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bridle
- a Lab Fitoquímica Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS-CSIC Apdo. Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain
| | - C. García-Viguera
- a Lab Fitoquímica Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS-CSIC Apdo. Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. A. Tomás-Barberán
- a Lab Fitoquímica Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS-CSIC Apdo. Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain
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20
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Lu YH, Liu ZY, Wang ZT, Wei DZ. Quality evaluation of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco through simultaneous determination of four bioactive flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1186-90. [PMID: 16621407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (Cupressaceae), a traditional Chinese herb and food additive, has been used for treatments of gout, rheumatism, diarrhoea and chronic tracheitis. To evaluate the quality of P. orientalis (L.) Franco, a sensitive, simple and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation method with a photodiode array detector (DAD) was developed for the determination of four main bioactive flavonoids, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and amentoflavone. Separation of the four compounds was achieved by the HPLC assay (Agilent Eclipse XDB-C 18 column with mobile phase, methanol-acetonitrile-18 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) and recorded at UV 356 nm). This method showed good linear relation in the range of 0.8-80 microg/ml for rutin, 1.84-184 microg/ml for quercitrin, 0.72-72 microg/ml for quercetin and 0.72-72 microg/ml for amentoflavone. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curve for the analysis were all higher than 0.999. In addition, the contents of those four flavonoids in P. orientalis (L.) Franco growing in 12 different locations in China were compared to establish the effectiveness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Box #311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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21
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Baleiras-Couto M, Eiras-Dias J. Detection and identification of grape varieties in must and wine using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Urbonaviciūte A, Jakstas V, Kornysova O, Janulis V, Maruska A. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of flavonoids in single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) ethanolic extracts. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:339-44. [PMID: 16443232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important group of natural compounds, which can prevent coronary heart disease and have antioxidant properties. Hawthorn is a well known and widely used medicinal plant due to its cardiotonic activity. Previous studies refer mostly to the HPLC analysis of the flavonoids: vitexin, quercetin, hyperoside, oligomeric procyanidins, which appear to be primarily responsible for the cardiac action of the plant. Aqueous ethanolic extracts of single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq., f.: Rosaceae Juss.) leaves and sprouts were analyzed by means of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Influence of vegetation period on the extract qualitative composition and flavonoids quantities was evaluated. Sample preparation by extraction using different concentration of aqueous ethanol (40-96%, v/v) and the influence of extractant composition on the recovery of flavonoids are discussed in detail. The results obtained using CZE are compared to the results of spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of the extracts. The effect of storage conditions of extracts (solar irradiation, temperature and duration) on degradation of flavonoids was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urbonaviciūte
- Department of Chemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Hernández-Borges J, Borges-Miquel T, González-Hernández G, Rodríguez-Delgado MA. Rapid Separation of Antioxidants in Food Samples by Coelectroosmotic CE. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Surowiec I, Baena JR, Frank J, Laurell T, Nilsson J, Trojanowicz M, Lendl B. Flow-through microdispenser for interfacing μ-HPLC to Raman and mid-IR spectroscopic detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1080:132-9. [PMID: 16008051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A flow-through microdispenser has been coupled to a micro HPLC separation system and used as a solvent elimination interface for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic detection of the separated compounds. Using the microdispenser picoliter sized droplets can be generated and deposited on an appropriate target placed on a computerized x, y-stage. Evaporation of volatile solvent and buffer is rapid and allows analysis of the obtained dry deposits by various techniques. Due to the destruction free character of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy they can be applied sequentially to interrogate the same deposit. In the reported application five phenolic acids typically present in wine have been separated on a C-18 column technique using a mixture of water, methanol and acetic acid as mobile phase. For spectrum acquisition infrared and Raman microscopes have been used. The spectra recorded from the dried deposits of the separated compounds agreed well with the reference spectra of corresponding components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Surowiec
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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Herrero M, Ibáñiez E, Cifuentes A. Analysis of natural antioxidants by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:883-97. [PMID: 16013814 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an exhaustive survey of capillary electromigration methods used to analyze natural antioxidants is presented together with some discussion of the use of these substances use as functional foods. This review provides an updated and exhaustive overview of the separation and identification by capillary electrophoresis of natural compounds with antioxidant activity found in natural matrices and/or foods. The compounds concerned are catechins, isoflavones, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, vitamins, as well as other less common natural substances that have shown antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Monagas M, Bartolomé B, Gómez-Cordovés C. Updated Knowledge About the Presence of Phenolic Compounds in Wine. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:85-118. [PMID: 15941014 DOI: 10.1080/10408690490911710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are partly responsible for the color, astringency, and bitterness of wine, as well as for numerous physiological properties associated with wine consumption. Mass spectrometry has allowed for great progress in the identification and characterization of wine polyphenols. The aim of the present article is to summarize the numerous advances recently achieved in this field. The main type of phenolic compounds found in wine, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenes, flavones, flavonols, flavanonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins, are firstly described. Chemical reactions and mechanisms involving phenolic compounds during winemaking are also extensively discussed, including enzymatic and chemical oxidation reactions, direct and acetaldehyde-mediated anthocyanin-tannin condensation reactions, acetaldehydemediated and glyoxylic acid-mediated tannin-tannin condensation reactions and, C-4/C-5 anthocyanin cycloaddition reactions with 4-vinylphenols, vinylflavanols and pyruvic acid, among others, leading to the formation of pyranoanthocyanins. Useful mass spectral data of well-known and novel phenolic compounds recently identified in wine, and details related to their fragmentation pathway according to different ionization techniques, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Monagas
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Sladkovský R, Solich P, Urbánek M. High-performance liquid chromatography determination of phenolic components in wine using off-line isotachophoretic pretreatment. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1040:179-84. [PMID: 15230524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The off-line combination of isotachophoresis (ITP) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to improve sample pretreatment and determination of phenolic compounds in wine was investigated. The ITP system provided an enhanced sample load capacity and served as a sample clean-up technique, HPLC performed a final separation of the analytes presented in samples. The phenolic components were separated by Discovery RP Amid C16 chromatography column using water-methanol-acetonitrile-orthophosphoric acid gradient. The identification of phenolic compounds was made by comparison of the retention data obtained for the standard mixture, pretreated sample and the sample spiked standard additions. Satisfactory recoveries for all components analysed were observed between 86.1 and 109.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Sladkovský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Aiub C, Stankevicins L, da Costa V, Ferreira F, Mazzei J, Ribeiro da Silva A, Soares de Moura R, Felzenszwalb I. Genotoxic evaluation of a vinifera skin extract that present pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:969-73. [PMID: 15110106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity of an alcohol-free hydro-alcoholic grape skin extract (GSE) obtained from red grapes Vitis labrusca (Isabel varietal) that present antihypertensive, vasodilator and antioxidant effects was estimated by different bioassays. Using the Salmonella/microsome assay for strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 no mutagenicity was detected for all tested concentrations (0.1-100 microg/ml), even with metabolization. Nevertheless, cytotoxicity was observed for TA97 and TA102 with and without metabolization and for TA100 with metabolization. The measurement of beta-galactosidase induction in the SOS-chromotest was positive only for Escherichia coli PQ37 when metabolization enzymes were present. Using Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, DNA strand breaks induction by GSE was also investigated by the comet assay and no significative difference was detected for treated and no treated DNA for 60 min. Our data suggest that GSE although no mutagenic presents cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aiub
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria e, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Hamoudová R, Urbánek M, Pospísilová M, Polásek M. Assay of phenolic compounds in red wine by on-line combination of capillary isotachophoresis with capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1032:281-7. [PMID: 15065806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The on-line combination of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) increases significantly the separation capability and sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis. This technique was used for separation and quantification of fourteen selected natural constituents in red wine belonging to flavonoids and phenolic acids. The leading electrolyte (LE) in the ITP pre-separation step was 10 mM HCl of pH* 7.2 with Tris as counterion, the terminating electrolyte (TE) was 50 mM boric acid of pH* 8.2 (adjusted with barium hydroxide). The background electrolyte in the electrophoretic step contained 25 mM beta-hydroxy-4-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPSO), 50 mM Tris, 15 mM boric acid and 5 mM beta-cyclodextrin of pH* 8.5. The content of methanol in all electrolytes was 20% (v/v). For exact timing of the transfer of isotachophoretically stacked analyte zones into the CZE column and for the control of the residual amount of leading and terminating ITP electrolytes picric acid was used as coloured marker. The R.S.D. values (n = 6) ranged between approximately 0.1% (for 0.25 microg ml(-1) rutin) and approximately 11% (for 0.25 microg ml(-1) of quercitrin). Detection limits were 30 ng mi(-1) for phenolic acids, quercitrin and rutin, 100 ng ml(-1) for quercetin, kaempferol and epicatechin and 250 ng ml(-1) for catechin. A single analysis took 45 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafífa Hamoudová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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30
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Wang SP, Huang KJ. Determination of flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1032:273-9. [PMID: 15065805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The compounds of flavonoid, an important group in nature, can prevent coronary heart disease and anticancer by virtue of the characteristics of antioxidation. Nine flavonoids most often seen in grape wine, namely apigenin, baicalein, naringenin, luteolin, hesperetin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetine, were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in this work. A successful resolution was obtained from an unusual additive of tetrahydrofuran in mobile phase by HPLC. One notable thing is that the mixture of luteolin and quercetin could be separated for the first time by HPLC. In addition, the better detection limit was still attainable even with the use of tetrahydrofuran. The detection limits of CZE performed in borate buffer were hundreds-fold better than in previous reports. Furthermore, the retention and migration behavior of the analytes studied were discussed. As the result of this study, the elution order of flavone and flavonone was reversed to the contention proposed by Wulf et al. It was predictable from the interaction with tetrahydrofuran. Consequently, the extracts from grape wine with solid-phase extraction were analyzed by developing methods of HPLC and CZE. The obtained recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% and the relative standard deviations were under 6.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200 Chunchi Road, Shalu, Taichung, Hsien 433, Taiwan.
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31
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Sáenz-López R, Fernández-Zurbano P, Tena MT. Capillary electrophoretic separation of phenolic diterpenes from rosemary. J Chromatogr A 2002; 953:251-6. [PMID: 12058938 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The major phenolic diterpenes responsible for the antioxidant properties of rosemary extracts, namely carnosol and carnosic acid, were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using a 56 cm long uncoated fused-silica capillary and a 50 mM disodium tetraborate buffer of pH 10.1. The effect of the buffer type, pH and concentration, and the capillary length on the separation, was studied. Carnosol and carnosic acid were identified in the electrophoregrams of rosemary extracts through their migration times and UV spectra obtained by CZE analysis of pure compounds isolated from a rosemary extract by HPLC fractionation. The CZE method had good reproducibility (relative standard deviation less than 5%) and was applied to compare the contents of carnosol and carnosic acid in solid and oil-dispersed commercial extracts of rosemary and in rosemary leaves. The separation of carnosol and carnosic acid was accomplished in less than 11 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Sáenz-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, Logroño, Spain
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32
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Nistor C, Rose A, Farré M, Stoica L, Wollenberger U, Ruzgas T, Pfeiffer D, Barceló D, Gorton L, Emnéus J. In-field monitoring of cleaning efficiency in waste water treatment plants using two phenol-sensitive biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Cao Y, Lou C, Fang Y, Ye J. Determination of active ingredients of Rhododendron dauricum L. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2002; 943:153-7. [PMID: 11820277 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-performance capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection was employed to analyse active ingredients of Rhododendron dauricum L., an important crude herb frequently used in Chinese medicines. Farrerol, quercetin, syringic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid are major important active ingredients. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300-microm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits a good response at +950 mV (vs. saturated calomel electrodes) for six analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were baseline separated within 16 min in a borax buffer (pH 8.7). Notably, excellent linearity was obtained over two orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 9 x 10(-7) to 3.0 x 10(-6) M for all analytes. This method was successfully used in the analysis of Rhododendron dauricum L. with relatively simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Cao
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai
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34
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Vanhoenacker G, De Villiers A, Lazou K, De Keukeleire D, Sandra P. Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography — Mass spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis— mass spectroscopy for the analysis of phenolic compounds in diethyl ether extracts of red wines. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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36
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Masár M, Kaniansky D, Bodor R, Jöhnck M, Stanislawski B. Determination of organic acids and inorganic anions in wine by isotachophoresis on a planar chip. J Chromatogr A 2001; 916:167-74. [PMID: 11382288 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isotachophoretic (ITP) separation and determination of a group of 13 organic and inorganic acids, currently present in wines, on a poly(methyl methacrylate) chip provided with on-column conductivity detection was a subject of a detailed study performed in this work. Experiments with the ITP electrolyte systems proposed to the separation of anionic constituents present in wine revealed that their separation at a low pH (2.9) provides the best results in terms of the resolution. Using a 94 mm long separation channel of the chip, the acids could be resolved within 10-15 min also in instances when their concentrations corresponded to those at which they typically occur in wines. A procedure suitable to the ITP determination of organic acids responsible for some important organoleptic characteristics of wines (tartaric, lactic, malic and citric acids) was developed. Concentrations of 2-10 mg/l of these acids represented their limits of quantitation for a 0.9 microl volume sample loop on the chip. A maximum sample load on the chip, under the preferred separating conditions, was set by the resolution of malate and citrate. A complete resolution of these constituents in wine samples was reached when their molar concentration ratio was 20:1 or less. ITP analyses of a large series of model and wine samples on the chip showed that qualitative indices [RSH (relative step height) values] of the acids, based on the response of the conductivity detector, reproduced with RSD better than 2% while reproducibilities of the determination of the acids of our interest characterized RSD values better than 3.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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37
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Dadáková E, Procházková E, Krízek M. Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for quantitative analysis of quercetin in plant materials. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1573-8. [PMID: 11386672 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:8<1573::aid-elps1573>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the routine determination of quercetin in biological samples was developed. The method consists of hydrolysis of bonded quercetin, its isolation and preconcentration on solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and a final analytical step using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The working range, linear range, the limit of quantification, and the measurement uncertainty were tested in validation. The method is suitable for quercetin determination in fruit and vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dadáková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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38
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Andrade PB, Oliveira BM, Seabra RM, Ferreira MA, Ferreres F, García-Viguera C. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Spanish Albrariño and Portuguese Alvarinho and Loureiro wines by capillary zone electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1568-72. [PMID: 11386671 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:8<1568::aid-elps1568>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of different phenolic compounds was measured in Spanish Albariño and Portuguese Alvarinho and Loureiro white wines by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), in order to characterize them. Although all samples presented the same qualitative pattern (characterized by tyrosol; (-)-epicatechin; syringic acid; ferulic acid; p-coumaric acid; caffeic acid, gallic acid; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; cis-coumaroyl tartaric acid (COUTA); trans-COUTA; trans-caffeoyl tartaric acid (CAFTA), and hydroxycinnamic esters), some quantitative differences were observed. When samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in order to compare the results obtained by both techniques, no significant qualitative or quantitative differences were obtained. Nevertheless, CZE proved to be a more convenient technique for the routinary analyses of these wines, due to better separation of the different compounds, better peak shapes, and higher speed than HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Andrade
- CEQUP/Lab. Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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39
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Dadáková E, Procházková E, Křížek M. Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for quantitative analysis of quercetin in plant materials. Electrophoresis 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:8%3c1573::aid-elps1573%3e3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Rodríguez-Delgado MA, Malovaná S, Pérez JP, Borges T, García Montelongo FJ. Separation of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography with absorbance and fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr A 2001; 912:249-57. [PMID: 11330794 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds including phenolic aldehydes, acids and flavonoids are separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with analysis time shorter than described in the literature. The use of a fluorescence detector in series with absorbance detector allowed increasing selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of catechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin and trans-resveratrol in wine samples. An optimised sample preparation method using liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether at pH 2.0 was used. The optimised method was applied to analyse wine samples with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodríguez-Delgado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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41
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Malovaná S, Garcı́a Montelongo F, Pérez J, Rodrı́guez-Delgado M. Optimisation of sample preparation for the determination of trans-resveratrol and other polyphenolic compounds in wines by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Optimization of the separation of flavonoids by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Effect of organic solvents. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Rebolo S, Peña R, Latorre M, Garcı́a S, Botana A, Herrero C. Characterisation of Galician (NW Spain) Ribeira Sacra wines using pattern recognition analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a new analytical technique that has recently been reported as a method for analysis of resveratrol in wine. Several different separation approaches have been taken in these reports. In comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), CE methods have similar sensitivity and can discriminate between trans- and cis-isomers of resveratrol. CE methods also show promise for analysis of other flavonoid antioxidants (glycosides and aglycones) in wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0919, USA
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45
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Abstract
A review of the applications of electrophoresis to the determination of various compounds in beverage samples, namely beer, hard drinks, juice, milk, soft drinks, tea and wine, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sádecká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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46
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Pazourek J, González G, Revilla AL, Havel J. Separation of polyphenols in Canary Islands wine by capillary zone electrophoresis without preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2000; 874:111-9. [PMID: 10768505 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for separation and determination of polyphenols in wine by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) without any preconcentration step is described. The sensitivity and limits of detection for gentisic and p-coumaric acid are better than those previously published. The effect of a possible C18 solid-phase extraction prior to the CZE analysis was examined. The developed optimized method (without any extraction step) was applied to the analysis of wines from Tenerife, Canary Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pazourek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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47
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Pérez ML, Corbella R, González G, García Montelongo FJ. Optimization of the separation of phenolic compounds by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 871:427-38. [PMID: 10735323 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A group of phenolic compounds including phenolic aldehydes, acids and flavonoids are separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECC). The influence of buffer (concentration and pH), concentration of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and applied voltage were studied. To increase the selectivity of the separation and the resolution of the solutes organic solvents are added to the separation buffer, the best results were obtained when methanol was used at lower percentages. An optimized buffer (150 mM boric acid (pH 8.5)-50 mM SDS-5% methanol) provides the optimum separation with regard to resolution and migration time. This method was applied to the determination of these compounds in wine samples with good results.
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48
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A preliminary study of non-coloured phenolics in wines of varietal white grapes (códega, gouveio and malvasia fina): effects of grape variety, grape maturation and technology of winemaking. Food Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(99)00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers the analyst a number of key advantages for the analysis of the components of foods. CE offers better resolution than, say, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is more adept at the simultaneous separation of a number of components of different chemistries within a single matrix. In addition, CE requires less rigorous sample cleanup procedures than HPLC, while offering the same degree of automation. However, despite these advantages, CE remains under-utilized by food analysts. Therefore, this review consolidates and discusses the currently reported applications of CE that are relevant to the analysis of foods. Some discussion is also devoted to the development of these reported methods and to the advantages/disadvantages compared with the more usual methods for each particular analysis. It is the aim of this review to give practicing food analysts an overview of the current scope of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Frazier
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
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50
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Pérez-Magariño S, Revilla I, González-SanJosé ML, Beltrán S. Various applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis of phenolic compounds. J Chromatogr A 1999; 847:75-81. [PMID: 10431353 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Different options of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to establish the most suitable ion source and conditions to analyse or detect some low-molecular mass phenols, flavan-3-ols, and apply such conditions to a complex sample (wine). Data presented in this work confirm the great utility of atmospheric pressure-ionisation electrospray mass spectrometry coupled to HPLC for analysis of phenolic compounds, under negative mode in the case of low-molecular mass phenols, and under both positive and negative modes in flavan-3-ol compounds. A fragmentor voltage of 60 V could be the most suitable for analysing the compounds under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pérez-Magariño
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Spain
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