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Nishat ZS, Hossain T, Islam MN, Phan HP, Wahab MA, Moni MA, Salomon C, Amin MA, Sina AAI, Hossain MSA, Kaneti YV, Yamauchi Y, Masud MK. Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics: An Evolving Paradigm for Ultrasensitive Biosensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107571. [PMID: 35620959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoarchitectonics and hydrogel into conventional biosensing platforms offers the opportunities to design physically and chemically controlled and optimized soft structures with superior biocompatibility, better immobilization of biomolecules, and specific and sensitive biosensor design. The physical and chemical properties of 3D hydrogel structures can be modified by integrating with nanostructures. Such modifications can enhance their responsiveness to mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and electric stimuli, which in turn can enhance the practicality of biosensors in clinical settings. This review describes the synthesis and kinetics of gel networks and exploitation of nanostructure-integrated hydrogels in biosensing. With an emphasis on different integration strategies of hydrogel with nanostructures, this review highlights the importance of hydrogel nanostructures as one of the most favorable candidates for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. Moreover, hydrogel nanoarchitectonics are also portrayed as a promising candidate for fabricating next-generation robust biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Sultana Nishat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Md A Wahab
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Mutlu Z, Shams Es‐haghi S, Cakmak M. Recent Trends in Advanced Contact Lenses. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801390. [PMID: 30938941 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting contact lenses for ocular drug delivery is an emerging field in the area of biomedical engineering and advanced healthcare materials. Despite all the research conducted in this area, still, new technologies are in their early stages of the development, and more work must be done in terms of clinical trials to commercialize these technologies. A great challenge in using contact lenses for drug delivery is to achieve a prolonged drug release profile within the therapeutic range for various eye-related problems and diseases. In general, desired release kinetics to avoid the initial burst release is the zero-order kinetics within the therapeutic range. This review highlights the new technologies developed to achieve efficient and extended drug delivery. It also provides an overview of the materials and methods for fabrication of contact lenses and their mechanical and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Mutlu
- Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2057 USA
- School of Materials EngineeringPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2045 USA
| | - Siamak Shams Es‐haghi
- Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2057 USA
- School of Materials EngineeringPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2045 USA
| | - Mukerrem Cakmak
- Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2057 USA
- School of Materials EngineeringPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2045 USA
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907‐2088 USA
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Zhao P, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Cui Y. Polymerizable-group capped ZnS nanoparticle for high refractive index inorganic-organic hydrogel contact lens. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:485-493. [PMID: 29853117 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) is an important parameter for contact lens biomaterials. In this paper, a novel polymerizable-group capped ZnS nanoparticle (NP) was synthesized by chemical link between hydroxyl group on the surface of ZnS (ME-capped) and isocyanate group of polymerizable molecule of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. Then the ZnS NP copolymerized with monomer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) to prepare high refractive index hydrogel contact lens with high content of inorganic ZnS NP. Increasing polymerizable-group capped ZnS content in the hydrogels improved its RI value and mechanical properties, however decreased slightly its transmittance, equilibrium (ESR) and lysozyme deposition on the hydrogel surface. The ZnS-containing hydrogels possessed good cytocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility in rabbit eyes, demonstrating a potential application as high RI ocular refractive correction biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jinku Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Weiyue Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Xu J, Zhu W, Jiang L, Xu J, Zhang Y, Cui Y. Carbazole-grafted silicone hydrogel with a high refractive index for intraocular lens. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The refractive index (RI) is an important parameter for intraocular lens biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinku Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan
- China
| | - Weiyue Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Shandong Success Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd
- Jinan
- China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan
- China
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Mathematical models in drug delivery: How modeling has shaped the way we design new drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2014; 190:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xu J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li T, Huo G. Simultaneous interpenetrating silicone hydrogel based on radical/addition polymerization for extended release of ocular therapeutics. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 25:121-35. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.841793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pan J, Yung Chan S, Common JEA, Amini S, Miserez A, Birgitte Lane E, Kang L. Fabrication of a 3D hair follicle-like hydrogel by soft lithography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3159-69. [PMID: 23554315 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle transplantation is often used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, the only source of hair follicles is from human donors themselves, which limits the application of this approach. One possible solution is to reconstitute hair follicle from dissociated cells. Currently, a number of microscale technologies have been developed to create size and shape controlled microenvironments in tissue engineering. Photopolymerizable PEGDA hydrogels are often selected as promising scaffolds in engineered microtissues due to their biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties. Here, we fabricated an array of PEGDA microwells with center islets that mimic the architecture of human hair follicles using soft lithography. Dermal and epithelial cells were seeded in different compartments of the microstructured mould to mimic mesenchymal and epithelial compartmentalization in native hair follicles. We demonstrated that these compartmentalized microstructures support cell proliferation and cell survival over 14 days, and spreading of dermal fibroblasts was observed. This hydrogel micromould provides a potentially useful tool for engineering 3D hair follicle-mimicking complex cultures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Domján A, Fodor C, Kovács S, Marek T, Iván B, Süvegh K. Anomalous Swelling Behavior of Poly(N-vinylimidazole)-l-Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Amphiphilic Conetwork in Water Studied by Solid-State NMR and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Szabolcs Kovács
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Science University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marek
- Department
of Surface Modifications
and Nanostructures, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry,
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri u. 59-67, P.O. Box 17, H-1525
Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Károly Süvegh
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Science University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518
Budapest, Hungary
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Xu J, Li X, Sun F. In vitroandin vivoevaluation of ketotifen fumarate-loaded silicone hydrogel contact lenses for ocular drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2010; 18:150-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.522612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pavlyuchenko VN, Sorochinskaya OV, Ivanchev SS, Khaikin SY, Trounov VA, Lebedev VT, Sosnov EA, Gofman IV. New silicone hydrogels based on interpenetrating polymer networks comprising polysiloxane and poly(vinyl alcohol) networks. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moeller HC, Mian MK, Shrivastava S, Chung BG, Khademhosseini A. A microwell array system for stem cell culture. Biomaterials 2007; 29:752-63. [PMID: 18001830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Directed embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation is a potentially powerful approach for generating a renewable source of cells for regenerative medicine. Typical in vitro ES cell differentiation protocols involve the formation of ES cell aggregate intermediates called embryoid bodies (EBs). Recently, we demonstrated the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microwells as templates for directing the formation of these aggregates, offering control over parameters such as size, shape, and homogeneity. Despite these promising results, the previously developed technology was limited as it was difficult to reproducibly obtain cultures of homogeneous EBs with high efficiency and retrievability. In this study, we improve the platform by optimizing a number of features: material composition of the microwells, cell seeding procedures, and aggregate retrieval methods. Adopting these modifications, we demonstrate an improved degree of homogeneity of the resulting aggregate populations and establish a robust protocol for eliciting high EB formation efficiencies. The optimized microwell array system is a potentially versatile tool for ES cell differentiation studies and high-throughput stem cell experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes-Christian Moeller
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wasikiewicz JM, Mitomo H, Nagasawa N, Yagi T, Tamada M, Yoshii F. Radiation crosslinking of biodegradable carboxymethylchitin and carboxymethylchitosan. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ghosh K, Shu XZ, Mou R, Lombardi J, Prestwich GD, Rafailovich MH, Clark RAF. Rheological characterization of in situ cross-linkable hyaluronan hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:2857-65. [PMID: 16153128 DOI: 10.1021/bm050361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report investigates the rheological properties of cross-linked, thiol-functionalized HA (HA-DTPH) hydrogels prepared by varying the concentration and molecular weight (MW) of the cross-linker, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Hydrogels were subsequently cured for either short-term (hours) or long-term (days) and subjected to oscillatory shear rheometry (OSR). OSR allows the evaluation and comparison of the shear storage moduli (G'), an index of the total number of effective cross-links formed in the hydrogels. While the oscillatory time sweep monitored the evolution of G' during in situ gelation, the stress and frequency sweeps measured the G' of preformed and subsequently cured hydrogels. From stress sweeps, we found that, for the hydrogels, G' scaled linearly with PEGDA concentration and was independent of its MW. Upon comparison with the classical Flory's theory of elasticity, stress sweep tests on short-term cured hydrogels revealed the simultaneous, but gradual, formation of spontaneous disulfide cross-links in the hydrogels. Results from time and frequency sweeps suggested that the formation of a stable, three-dimensional network depended strictly on PEGDA concentration. Results from the equilibrium swelling of hydrogels concurred with those obtained from oscillatory stress sweeps. Such a detailed rheological characterization of our HA-DTPH-PEGDA hydrogels will aid in the design of biomaterials targeted for biomedical or pharmaceutical purposes, especially in applications involving functional tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustabh Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8165, USA
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Anseth KS, Bowman CN, Brannon-Peppas L. Mechanical properties of hydrogels and their experimental determination. Biomaterials 1996; 17:1647-57. [PMID: 8866026 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(96)87644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Anseth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0424, USA
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Emara LH. The development of slow-release molluscicide in a biodegradable gelatin matrix. J Control Release 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ma X, Vacek I, Sun A. Generation of alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) biomicrocapsules: the relationship between the membrane strength and the reaction conditions. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 1994; 22:43-69. [PMID: 8055097 DOI: 10.3109/10731199409117399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules have proven effective in protecting enclosed live cells from immune rejection following transplantation into experimental animals, thereby eliminating the need for immunosuppressive therapy. However, in order for the capsules to remain intact for extended periods in vivo, the thickness of the membrane material must be optimized. In this study, the membrane thickness was examined as an indicator of membrane strength and measured under different reaction conditions. The thickness was found to increase 1) from 4.6 microns to 6.6 microns with an increase in the concentration of sodium alginate from 1.25 (w/v) to 2.0% (w.v); 2) from 4.2 microns to 6.2 microns with an increase in the concentration of the calcium solution from 20 mM to 100mM; 3) from 3.9 microns to 10.3 microns with an increase in the concentration of poly-l-lysine (PLL) from 0.02% (w/v) to 0.08% (w/v); and 4) from 2.3 microns to 7.4 microns with an increase in the reaction time with the PLL from two to seven minutes. On the other hand, membrane thickness decreased 1) from 9.8 microns to 8.6 microns with an increase of the pH in the PLL solution from 5.8 to 9.2; 2) from 13.2m to 5.8 microns with an increase in the molecular weight of PLL from 14,000 to 57,000; 3) from 8.4 microns to 6.0 microns with an increase in the treatment time with 0.9 (w/v) NaCl solution from zero to fifteen minutes and; 4) from 7.5 microns to 6.1 microns with an increase in the treatment time of the second sodium alginate coating from zero to ten minutes. Membrane thickness was inversely proportional to capsule volume expansion during membrane synthesis. By replacing calcium chloride by calcium lactate and eliminating the use of CHES in the construction of capsule membranes, we improved the strength and biocompatibility of our capsules, as evidenced by marked improvements in the survival rates of diabetic mice treated with islet transplants enclosed in the new capsules. These results indicate that it is possible to obtain optimal membrane thickness for a given purpose by creating specific reaction conditions under which membranes are synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Prasad M, Kalyanasundaram M. Iron (III) carboxymethylcellulose as swellable credible matrix for the controlled release of a mosquito larvicide. J Control Release 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(92)90201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Harsh DC, Gehrke SH. Controlling the swelling characteristics of temperature-sensitive cellulose ether hydrogels. J Control Release 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(91)90057-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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