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Khan ZH, Islam MT, Amin MA, Tanvir NA, Chowdhury F, Khanam F, Bhuiyan TR, Islam A Bari T, Rahman A, Islam MN, Khan AI, Qadri F. The reactive cholera vaccination campaign in urban Dhaka in 2022: experience, lessons learned and future directions. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2024; 7:100478. [PMID: 38405230 PMCID: PMC10883818 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An upsurge of diarrheal cases occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with approximately 30% of the cases being identified as cholera in 2022. To combat this situation, a reactive Oral Cholera Vaccination campaign was organized in five highly cholera-affected areas of Dhaka city. The paper is a descriptive tale of experience gathering, organization and implementation of reactive oral cholera vaccination campaign. Study design This is a descriptive report of a reactive oral cholera vaccination campaign. Methods Population density maps were generated using GIS technology before launching the campaign. The target population comprised individuals aged over one year, excluding pregnant women, totaling 2,374,976 people residing in above mentioned areas. The campaign utilized Euvichol-Plus, an OCV with adherence to the necessary cold chain requirements. Total 700 teams, each consisting of six members, were deployed across the five zones. The campaign was conducted in two rounds, where first round took place in June-July 2022, followed by second round in August 2022. During the campaign, data on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was collected. Expert teams from various government and non-government organizations monitored regularly and ensured the campaign's success. Results The first round achieved a coverage rate of 99%, whereas in the second round, 86.3% of individuals among the first dose recipients. During the campaigns, a total of 57 AEFIs were reported. Conclusions This campaign serves as a model for a multispectral approach in combating cholera epidemics, highlighting the collaborative efforts of policymakers, health authorities, local communities, and health partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hasan Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taufiqul Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nabid Anjum Tanvir
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Khanam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tajul Islam A Bari
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aninda Rahman
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ahmed T, Islam MN, Monalisa R, Ehsan F, Huang SW. Polysaccharides polymers for glaucoma treatment-a review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:338-356. [PMID: 37231538 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231178057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in preventing glaucoma progression is patient compliance with medication regimens. Since conventional ophthalmic dosage forms have numerous limitations, researchers have been intensively working on developing polymers-based delivery systems for glaucoma drugs. Specifically, research and development efforts have increased using polysaccharide polymers such as sodium alginate, cellulose, β-cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, pectin, gellan gum, galactomannans for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. In the recent past, multiple research groups have successfully designed sustained drug delivery systems, promoting the efficacy as well as the feasibility of glaucoma drugs with single/combinations of polysaccharides to eliminate the drawbacks associated with the glaucoma treatment. Naturally available polysaccharides, when used as drug vehicles can increase the retention time of eye drops on the ocular surface, leading to improved drug absorption and bioavailability. Additionally, some polysaccharides can form gels or matrices that can release drugs slowly over time, providing sustained drug delivery and reducing the need for frequent dosing. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies of polysaccharide polymers applied for glaucoma treatment along with their therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Food Engineering & Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Deaprtment of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rina Monalisa
- Deaprtment of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Feroz Ehsan
- Department of Medicine, Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Hasan MS, Islam MN, Mahmud R, Huq U, Rahman A. Complete separation of the urinary tract from proximal rectum during PSARP surgery: our experience with the noveltechnique. World J Pediatr Surg 2024; 7:e000688. [PMID: 38273992 PMCID: PMC10806489 DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2023-000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md Samiul Hasan
- Pediatric Surgery, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Pediatric Surgery, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Refoyez Mahmud
- Pediatric Surgery, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umama Huq
- Pediatric Surgery, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashrarur Rahman
- Pediatric Surgery, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ghosh D, Rashid MU, Sagar SK, Uddin MR, Maruf S, Ghosh P, Chowdhury R, Rahat MA, Islam MN, Aktaruzzaman MM, Sohel ANM, Banjara MR, Kroeger A, Aseffa A, Mondal D. Epidemiological, serological, and entomological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in suspected new VL foci in Bangladesh. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107021. [PMID: 37716668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore epidemiological, serological, and entomological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in suspected new VL foci and assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community living in the alleged new VL foci. The study investigated new visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases reported between 2019 and 2020 in four sub-districts (Dharmapasha, Hakimpur, Islampur and Savar) where we tested 560 members using the rK39 rapid test and conducted vector collections in six neighbouring houses of the index cases to assess sandfly density and distribution, examined sandflies' infection, and determined the spatial relationship with VL infection. Furthermore, we highlighted the importance of early detection, and community awareness in controlling the spread of the disease. The study screened 1078 people from 231 households in the four sub-districts for fever, history of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and PKDL-like skin lesions. Among sub-districts, positivity rate for rK39 rapid test was highest (3.5 %) in Savar. Sandflies were present across all areas except in Dharmapasha, but all 21 collected female P. argentipes sandflies were negative for Leishmania parasite DNA. We found one person from Islampur with a history of VL, and one from Islampur and another one from Savar had PKDL. After the awareness intervention, more people became familiar with VL infection (91.2 %), and their knowledge concerning sandflies being the vector of the disease and the risk of having VL increased significantly (30.1 %). The study found no active case in the suspected new foci, but some asymptomatic individuals were present. As sandfly vectors exist in these areas, the National Kala-azar Elimination Programme (NKEP) should consider these areas as kala-azar endemic and initiate control activities as per national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Ghosh
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Utba Rashid
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Soumik Kha Sagar
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rasel Uddin
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shomik Maruf
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rajashree Chowdhury
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Rahat
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - M M Aktaruzzaman
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Nayeem Mohammad Sohel
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Axel Kroeger
- University of Freiburg, Centre for Medicine and Society, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Yuan Hsieh DJ, Islam MN, Kuo WW, Shibu MA, Lai CH, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Chen MYC, Huang CY. A combination of isoliquiritigenin with Artemisia argyi and Ohwia caudata water extracts attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by modulating Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathways in SD rats with doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:3026-3042. [PMID: 37661764 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ohwia caudata (Thunb.) H. Ohashi (Leguminosae) also called as "Evergreen shrub" and Artemisia argyi H.Lév. and Vaniot (Compositae) also named as "Chinese mugwort" those two-leaf extracts frequently used as herbal medicine, especially in south east Asia and eastern Asia. Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DOX) are commonly used as effective chemotherapeutic drugs in anticancer therapy around the world. However, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, dilated cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure are seen in patients who receive DOX therapy, with the mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiac toxicity remaining unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cardiomyocytes have been shown to play crucial roles in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL, 10 mg/kg) is a bioactive flavonoid compound with protective effects against inflammation, neurodegeneration, cancer, and diabetes. Here, in this study, our aim is to find out the Artemisia argyi (AA) and Ohwia caudata (OC) leaf extract combination with Isoliquiritigenin in potentiating and complementing effect against chemo drug side effect to ameliorate cardiac damage and improve the cardiac function. In this study, we showed that a combination of low (AA 300 mg/kg; OC 100 mg/kg) and high-dose(AA 600 mg/kg; OC 300 mg/kg) AA and OC water extract with ISL activated the cell survival-related AKT/PI3K signaling pathway in DOX-treated cardiac tissue leading to the upregulation of the antioxidant markers SOD, HO-1, and Keap-1 and regulated mitochondrial dysfunction through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the water extract of AA and OC with ISL inhibited the inflammatory response genes IL-6 and IL-1β, possibly through the NFκB/AKT/PI3K/p38α/NRLP3 signaling pathways. The water extract of AA and OC with ISL could be a potential herbal drug treatment for cardiac hypertrophy, inflammatory disease, and apoptosis, which can lead to sudden heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jine Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Hu Lai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Maruf S, Sagar SK, Rashid MU, Uddin MR, Ghosh D, Ghosh P, Nath R, Sohel ANM, Aktaruzzaman MM, Islam MN, Banjara MR, Kroeger A, Aseffa A, Mondal D. Assessment of treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treated cases and impact of COVID-19 on VL management and control services in Bangladesh. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1716-1721. [PMID: 37741011 PMCID: PMC10589821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has largely impacted the management of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), like several other Neglected Tropical Diseases. The impact was particularly evident in Lower and Middle-Income countries where the already inadequate healthcare resources were diverted to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Bangladesh achieved the elimination target for VL in 2016. To sustain this success, early diagnosis and treatment, effective vector control, and periodic surveillance are paramount. However, the specific control measures for VL in Bangladesh that were hampered during COVID-19 and their extent are unknown. METHODS This study aimed at identifying the gaps and challenges in the follow-up of treated VL patients by interviewing both the treated VL cases and their health service providers. We followed VL cases treated between 2019 and 2020 in five VL endemic subdistricts (upazilas) both retrospectively and prospectively to monitor clinical improvement, relapse, or other consequences. Moreover, interviews were conducted with the health service providers to assess the impact of COVID-19 on VL case detection, treatment, reporting, vector control operations, and logistic supply chain management. RESULTS There was no added delay for VL diagnosis; however, VL treatment initiation and reporting time increased almost two-fold due to COVID-19. Indoor Residual Spraying activity was significantly hampered due to a shortage of insecticides. Out of 44 enrolled and treated VL patients, two relapsed (4.5 %), two developed Para Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (4.5 %), and three (6.8 %) Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). The health service providers highlighted patients` unwillingness to visit the hospital, financial constraints, and distance from the hospitals as the main reasons for missed follow-up visits (20.5 %). Building good communication in the community, awareness schemes, and incentive-based approaches were suggested as possible solutions to mitigate these problems. CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up is required for the early detection and management of VL relapse and PKDL cases. Effective vector control measures, capacity development, and identification of new VL hotspots are pivotal in the VL endemic regions to sustain the elimination goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomik Maruf
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Soumik Kha Sagar
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Utba Rashid
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Md Rasel Uddin
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rupen Nath
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Nayeem Mohammad Sohel
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - M M Aktaruzzaman
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Axel Kroeger
- University of Freiburg, Centre for Medicine and Society, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Khan MM, Azad AK, Yadav MK, Ahmedullah AK, Hasan MM, Sajib MK, Shabnam N, Islam MN. Digital Gangrene is a Rare Presentation of Takayasu's Arteritis. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:1208-1213. [PMID: 37777923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic large vessel vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta and its major branches such as brachiocephalic, carotid, subclavian, vertebral, renal, coronary and pulmonary arteries. It most commonly occurs in female at child bearing age and female to male ratio is 8:2. Initial presentations of Takayasu's arteritis may be nonspecific like fever, malaise, weakness, fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia and weight loss but in advanced stage there may be features of vascular inflammation like segmental stenosis, occlusion, dilatation and/or aneurysm. It is a sub acute process over months to years and usually with good collateral formation. So, critical limb ischemia due to acute onset of vascular stenosis is very rare. Here we are reporting a case of a 50-year- old male patient who presented with digital gangrene due to critical limb ischemia. Though the age of onset was at 50 years and the patient lacks clinical features like constitutional symptoms, bruit, claudication, asymmetrical blood pressure, the patient was diagnosed as a case of Takayasus's arteritis. The patient dramatically improved with oral glucocorticoid treatment. Although rare, takayasu's arteritis can presents only with digital gangrene without having other clinical features. The physicians should be aware of this unusual but limb threatening presentation and more studies are needed to find out the exact mechanism of this presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khan
- Dr Mohammad Mamun Khan, Resident, Department of Rheumatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Chowdhury RA, Rahman MM, Islam MN, Roy S, Rahman MH, Hasan MH, Rahman MW, Alam I. Utility of Median-to-Ulnar Sensory Comparative Nerve Conduction Study to Increase Diagnostic Accuracy in Mild Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:1156-1162. [PMID: 37777915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Electro-physiological diagnosis of mild Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) based on traditional median motor and sensory studies are often inconclusive. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the utility of Median-to-Ulnar Sensory Conduction studies in diagnosis of mild CTS. Data from Nerve conduction study (NCS) of 82 cases with symptoms suggestive of CTS from September 2017 to October 2020 attending electrophysiology department of Mount Adora Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh was selected for study. About 54(66.0%) out of 82 symptomatic patients were diagnosed as CTS by the conventional method, and 28(34.0%) patients required further investigation as their test report were found to be inconclusive. combining methods showed 70(85.37%) were found to be positive and 12(14.63%) were negative in comparison study. Thus, it can be concluded that those patients found to be negative in conventional methods; comparison method is an option for diagnostic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chowdhury
- Dr Rahat Amin Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Neurology, Sylhet Women's Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Rahman FB, Zubery MH, Moni SY, Ara S, Sultana Z, Islam MN. Impact of Levothyroxine on Lipid Profile in Patients with Hypothyroidism. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:727-731. [PMID: 37391966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder and requires lifelong treatment. Hypothyroidism is often associated with dyslipidemia in some populations. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of levothyroxine (LT₄) on lipid profile in hypothyroid patients. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College in collaboration with the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Rajshahi from July 2018 to June 2019 to compare serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), serum LDL-C and serum HDL-C levels among euthyroids, newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients and levothyroxine (LT₄) treated hypothyroid patients. A total of 30 patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and an equal number of age-matched healthy controls (n=30, control group) of both sexes were recruited in the present study. Thirty (30) hypothyroid patients were reevaluated after 6 month of LT₄ therapy. The fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects for the estimation of lipid profile. Significantly higher values were observed in total cholesterol (TC) 198.5±19.2mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) 147.0±14.5mg/dl, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 133.9±19.7mg/dl (p<0.001) and a significant decreased value was seen in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (35.1±3.67mg/dl) in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients as compared to after LT₄ therapy and normal healthy individuals (p=0.009). These observations suggest that people with hypothyroidism have high risk of development of atherosclerosis which may lead to coronary heart diseases (CHD) due to persistent dyslipidemia. Hypothyroidism induces dyslipidemia or expedites the process of existing dyslipidemia, LT₄ therapy corrects it to a significant level thus reduce the risk for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Rahman
- Dr Falguni Binte Rahman, Assistant Professor (CC), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Naogaon Medical College, Naogaon, Bangladesh;
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Islam MR, Chowdhury R, Roy AS, Islam MN, Mita MM, Bashar S, Saha P, Rahat RA, Hasan M, Akter MA, Alam MZ, Latif MA. Native Trichoderma Induced the Defense-Related Enzymes and Genes in Rice against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091864. [PMID: 37176922 PMCID: PMC10180545 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of Trichoderma is a form of biological control that has been effective in combating Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causative agent of the devastating disease known as bacterial blight of rice. In this present study, four strains of Trichoderma, viz., T. paraviridescens (BDISOF67), T. erinaceum (BDISOF91), T. asperellum (BDISOF08), and T. asperellum (BDISOF09), were collected from the rice rhizosphere and used to test their potentiality in reducing bacterial blight. The expression patterns of several core defense-related enzymes and genes related to SA and JA pathways were studied to explore the mechanism of induced resistance by those Trichoderma strains. The results primarily indicated that all Trichoderma were significantly efficient in reducing the lesion length of the leaf over rice check variety (IR24) through enhancing the expression of core defense-related enzymes, such as PAL, PPO, CAT, and POD activities by 4.27, 1.77, 3.53, and 1.57-fold, respectively, over control. Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR exhibited an upregulation of genes OsPR1, OsPR10, OsWRKY45, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY71, OsHI-LOX, and OsACS2 after 24 h of inoculation with all tested Trichoderma strains. However, in the case of RT-PCR, no major changes in OsPR1 and OsPR10 expression were observed in plants treated with different Trichoderma strains during different courses of time. Collectively, Trichoderma induced resistance in rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae by triggering these core defense-related enzymes and genes associated with SA and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rabin Chowdhury
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Saha Roy
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mamuna Mahjabin Mita
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samrin Bashar
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Plabon Saha
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan Ahmed Rahat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Arjina Akter
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Latif
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
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Khan AI, Islam MT, Khan ZH, Tanvir NA, Amin MA, Khan II, Bhuiyan ATMRH, Hasan ASMM, Islam MS, Bari TIA, Rahman A, Islam MN, Qadri F. Implementation and Delivery of Oral Cholera Vaccination Campaigns in Humanitarian Crisis Settings among Rohingya Myanmar nationals in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040843. [PMID: 37112756 PMCID: PMC10141356 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 700,000 Myanmar nationals known as the 'Rohingyas' fled into Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, in late 2017. Due to this huge displacement into unhygienic areas, these people became vulnerable to communicable diseases including cholera. Assessing the risk, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), with the help of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and other international partners, decided to take preventive measures, one of which is the execution of oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaigns. This paper describes the implementation and delivery of OCV campaigns during humanitarian crises in Bangladesh. METHODS Seven rounds of OCV campaigns were conducted between October 2017 and December 2021. The OCV campaigns were conducted by applying different strategies. RESULTS Approximately 900,000 Rohingya Myanmar nationals (RMNs) and the host population (amounting to 528,297) received OCV across seven campaigns. In total, 4,661,187 doses of OCVs were administered, which included 765,499 doses for RMNs, and 895,688 doses for the host community. The vaccine was well accepted, and as a result, a high level of coverage was achieved, ranging from 87% to 108% in different campaigns. CONCLUSIONS After successful pre-emptive campaigns in Cox's Bazar humanitarian camps, no cholera outbreaks were detected either in the RMN or host communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Islam Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taufiqul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Zahid Hasan Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nabid Anjum Tanvir
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiakul Islam Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Toha M R H Bhuiyan
- Refugee Health Unit, Office of the Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner, Cox's Bazar 4700, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Mainul Hasan
- Health Section, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Cox's Bazar 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shariful Islam
- Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tajul Islam Abdul Bari
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Aninda Rahman
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Banu LA, Masum MM, Rahman S, Mahbuba S, Hossain M, Hosen MJ, Banerjee SK, Adhikary DK, Habib SA, Sultana GN, Islam MN. Identification of Variants and Mutational Analyses of Cardiac Myosin-binding Protein C (MYBPC3) Gene of Adult Bangladeshi Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:520-526. [PMID: 37002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent genetic hereditary cardiomyopathy characterized by sudden cardiac death. Mutations in the MYBPC3 gene are often the most prevalent genetic abnormality in HCM with a prevalence ranging from 20.0 to 42.0%. The mutation spectrum is available for different countries, but such studies are lacking in the Asian population including Bangladeshi patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted for mutation analysis of the whole MYBPC3 gene on a cohort of 75 HCM Bengali Bangladeshi probands through Next Generation Sequencing at the Genetic Research Lab of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from 2016 to 2019. The structural and functional impact of the mutations was further analyzed by in silico process. We analyzed the data and found 103 variants in 102 locations in the MYBPC3 gene. Variants were identified in both the coding region and the non-coding region. We found one possibly novel variant in the MYBPC3 gene. The findings of this research will help to develop a genetic database of HCM which will help in the early diagnosis and proper management of HCM patients in Bangladesh. One pathogenic splice donor variant (47356592 C >T) was found in the intronic region. Among the variants in the coding region, one missense mutation was pathogenic (NP₋000247.2: p.Asp770Asn) which was found in seven patients and another one is of conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity (NP₋000247.2: p.Ser217Gly) which was found in two patients. We have identified one in-frame deletion (NP₋000247.2: p.Ala433del) that is possible a novel variant responsible for the development of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Banu
- Professor Laila Anjuman Banu, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Dhar SK, Hoque MA, Islam MN, Akhtaruzzaman M, Saha BK, Yesmin A, Ahmed E, Sarker MR. Study on Blood Pressure Profile in School Children of Mymensingh City. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:320-329. [PMID: 37002741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure and its related problems are progressively assuming public health dimensions in developing countries like Bangladesh. There was a suggestion that hypertensive process can be aborted in its early stages. But it is poorly understood in its early stages. So, early natural history of hypertension and its evolution from the youth needs to be investigated. Objective of this study was to determine blood pressure distribution in school children aged 6-15 years. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from November 2014 to October 2015. The sample was collected by simple random sampling from five different schools of Mymensingh after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking proper history and doing relevant examination, both systolic and diastolic BP was recorded by auscultatory method. Out of 994 children, 480(48.29%) were boys and 514(51.71%) were girls. In boys, the mean±SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were 105.9±10.8 mm of Hg and 67.4±6.7 mm of Hg and in girls it was 106.1±11.8 and 67.5±6.9 mm of Hg respectively. Systolic BP was found higher in girls belongs to 10-13 years. The study has shown that BP rises linearly with age and both systolic and diastolic BP has a significant positive correlation with age, sex, height and BMI in both sexes. This study also showed, 46(4.6%) children were hypertensive and 89(8.9%) were pre-hypertensive. Hypertension was found more in girls but there was no significant difference between two sexes. Hypertension was found more in relation to overweight, obesity and family history of hypertension. Hypertension is not uncommon in children. Routine blood pressure measurement should be conducted in all children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Dhar
- Dr Sonjib Kumar Dhar, Registrar (Paediatrics), Department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Islam MN, Habib MR, Khandakar MMH, Rashid MH, Sarker MAH, Bari MS, Islam MZ, Alam MK, Sarkar MM, Jahan R, Mahzabin R, Islam MA. Repeat breeding: prevalence and potential causes in dairy cows at different milk pocket areas of Bangladesh. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:120. [PMID: 36930420 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to figure out the prevalence and probable causes of repeat breeding (RB) in dairy cows. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 265 dairy farms in Sirajganj, Bogura, Rangpur, Satkhira, and Munshiganj districts of Bangladesh from December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected through a direct interview method using a survey questionnaire. The reproductive organs of repeat breeder cows were examined for pathological, infectious, and functional reasons, and genital tract abnormalities. Additionally, the influence of nutrition, season, and age on the frequency of RB was recorded. The prevalence of RB was 28% among the 3824 cows investigated. Among the total repeat breeder cases, 72.54% of RB cases were found in Holstein-Friesian crossbred, 23.90% in Jersey crossbred, 1.50% in Sahiwal crossbred, and 2.06% in indigenous cows. The prevalence of RB was significantly highest (P < 0.01) in Satkhira (44.35%) and lowest in the Munshiganj district (15.87%). Data indicated that a major proportion of cows significantly (P < 0.05) faced RB problems due to functional causes (34.18%), followed by pathological causes (28.01%), genital tract abnormalities (21.32%), and infectious causes (16.49%). Furthermore, the cows were remarkably (P < 0.001) affected in RB during the summer season and nutritional deficient diseases like milk fever (70%). Age (3-7 years) had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the RB occurrence (90%) in crossbred cows. However, particular focus should be given to systematic breeding, balanced nutrition, artificial inseminator efficiency, and hygienic inseminating tools to reduce RB incidence in high-yielding crossbred cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Milk Producer's Co-Operative Union Limited (Milk Vita), Tejgaon, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - M R Habib
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M M H Khandakar
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M H Rashid
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M A H Sarker
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M S Bari
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M Z Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M K Alam
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M Sarkar
- Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Jahan
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - R Mahzabin
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M A Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Tauheed I, Ahmed T, Akter A, Firoj MG, Ahmmed F, Rahman SIA, Afrad MH, Islam MN, Rahman A, Khan AI, Alam B, Bhuiyan TR, Chowdhury F, Qadri F. A snap-shot of a diarrheal epidemic in Dhaka due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae O1 in 2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1132927. [PMID: 37124777 PMCID: PMC10140589 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1132927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Vibrio cholerae O1 are most common bacterial causes of diarrheal diseases in Bangladesh. This analysis projected distribution of ETEC and V. cholerae O1 among diarrheal patients of icddr,b, Dhaka hospital in two diarrheal peaks of 2022. Methodology Under the 2% systematic surveillance system, stool samples collected from diarrheal patients of icddr,b hospital were cultured and diagnostic testing was done for ETEC and V. cholerae O1. Comparison of positive cases was done between first peak (March-April) and second peak (October-November) in 2022. Results A total of 2,937 stool specimens were tested of which 12% were ETEC and 20% were V. cholerae O1. About 40% of the severe dehydration cases were infected with V. cholerae O1. Predominant ETEC enterotoxin type was 'LT/ST' (41%). The LT enterotoxin significantly increased from 13% to 28% in the second peak (p = 0.015). The predominant colonization factors (CFs) on ETEC were CS5 + CS6 (23%), followed by CS6 (15%). CF-positive isolates was significantly higher in the second peak (36%) than in the first peak (22%) (p = 0.043). Total 14% cases were co-infected with ETEC and V. cholerae O1. Significant differences in the distribution of enterotoxin types were observed (p = 0.029) among the co-infection cases. Conclusion Changing patterns of enterotoxin and CFs observed in ETEC pathogens should be taken into consideration for ETEC vaccine development. Considering cholera and ETEC biannual trends in causing diarrheal epidemics and outbreaks, emphasizes the need for thoughts on combination vaccine strategies for preventing acute watery diarrhea due to the two major bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Tauheed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnuva Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Firoj
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Ahmmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Aninda Rahman
- Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Baharul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Firdausi Qadri,
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Ahmedullah AK, Hasan MM, Amin MZ, Hasan MN, Rahman MA, Islam MN. A 60-year-old Man Presented with Relapsing Polychondritis with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:261-264. [PMID: 36594331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology, which can affect multiple organs. It usually presents with involvement of elastic cartilage of ear and nose and involvement of other organs like kidney and central nervous system. Here, we report a case of 60-year-old man, who initially presented with fever, polyarthritis, erythema nodosum and painful swelling and redness of both external ears admitted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh on 13th December 2019. Two days after hospitalization, he developed sudden onset of proptosis with ophthalmoplegia. After evaluation, he was diagnosed as relapsing polychondritis with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and was treated with high dose prednisolone. His clinical condition and laboratory parameters significantly improved after treating with prednisolone during follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ahmedullah
- Dr Abul Khair Ahmedullah, Associate Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Islam R, Arefin MK, Islam MN, Fakir MAY, Rumi SNF. Clinicopathological Study of Salivary Gland Tumours. Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2022. [DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v28i1.60833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon and constitute 3% to 10% of all head & neck neoplasms. The majority of salivary gland tumours arise in the parotid gland.
Objectives: To search the clinicopathological presentation of salivary gland tumours.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study.
Results: The highest incidence of benign tumors was in the 3rd and 4th decade, whereas for malignant tumor it was the 5thdecade of life. Among 47 male patients, 72.3% had benign and 27.7% cases had malignant tumours. Out of 40 female patients 45% cases had benign and 55% cases had malignant tumours. With overall male: female ratio was 1.2:1. Among parotid gland tumours 62.32% had benign and 37.68% cases had malignant tumours. Out of 12 submandibular gland tumours 41.67% cases had benign and 58.33% cases had malignant tumours. Among 35 malignant tumours, 12 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the majority occurred in the parotid gland 10(83.3%) followed by submandibular gland 1(8.3%) and minor salivary glands 1(8.3%). Out of 11 cases reported as Adenoid cystic carcinoma, the majority involved submandibular gland 6(54.5%) followed by parotid gland 4(36.4%).
Conclusion: Benign salivary gland tumours are more common than malignant ones. There is male preponderance in the incidence of salivary gland tumours. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently encountered tumour among all salivary gland tumours.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 28(1): 96-102
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Faruquzzaman GM, Haque MA, Islam MN, Islam MN, Kamruzzaman M, Hossain D. Clinical Presentation of Thyroglossal Cysts and Sinuses. Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2022. [DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v28i1.60792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To see the clinical presentation of thyroglossal cysts and sinuses.
Methods: Observational type of Cross sectional study. Department of ENT & Head-Neck Surgery in Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal from September 2014 to February 2015. All patients attended in the Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery in Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Serum TSH, USG of thyroid swelling and FNAC were done for diagnoses and for evaluation.
Results: Thyroglossal cysts and sinuses were found in 23(63.9%) and 13(36.1%) cases respectively. The mean age of presentation was found 16.6±11.3 years in cysts group and 15.5±7.2 years in sinus group. Regarding the site of cysts 4(17.4%) cases was suprahyoid, 11(47.8%) infrahyoid and 8(34.8%) at the level of hyoid. Regarding the site of sinus 1(7.7%) case was suprahyoid, 9(69.2%) infrahyoid and 3(23.1%) at the level of hyoid. All the patients had normal thyroid gland in both group, all of them had normal serum TSH level. FNAC was done in all cyst patients and shows normal cystic lesion with no malignancy. But in sinus patients only one FNAC was done and reported as cystic lesion.
Conclusion: Thyroglossal cysts and sinuses were more common in 2nd decade and male predominant. Majority of the cysts are Infrahyoid and on the right side of midline and majority of sinuses are Infrahyoid and on the right side. Development of sinuses is due to operation following abscess formation in majority of cases.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 28(1): 7-15
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Islam MN, Hasan M, Hossain MK, Alam MGR, Uddin MZ, Soylu A. Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11440. [PMID: 35794172 PMCID: PMC9259587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure, a public health concern, and the scarcity of nephrologists around the globe have necessitated the development of an AI-based system to auto-diagnose kidney diseases. This research deals with the three major renal diseases categories: kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, and gathered and annotated a total of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images in order to construct an AI-based kidney diseases diagnostic system and contribute to the AI community's research scope e.g., modeling digital-twin of renal functions. The collected images were exposed to exploratory data analysis, which revealed that the images from all of the classes had the same type of mean color distribution. Furthermore, six machine learning models were built, three of which are based on the state-of-the-art variants of the Vision transformers EANet, CCT, and Swin transformers, while the other three are based on well-known deep learning models Resnet, VGG16, and Inception v3, which were adjusted in the last layers. While the VGG16 and CCT models performed admirably, the swin transformer outperformed all of them in terms of accuracy, with an accuracy of 99.30 percent. The F1 score and precision and recall comparison reveal that the Swin transformer outperforms all other models and that it is the quickest to train. The study also revealed the blackbox of the VGG16, Resnet50, and Inception models, demonstrating that VGG16 is superior than Resnet50 and Inceptionv3 in terms of monitoring the necessary anatomy abnormalities. We believe that the superior accuracy of our Swin transformer-based model and the VGG16-based model can both be useful in diagnosing kidney tumors, cysts, and stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazmul Islam
- grid.52681.380000 0001 0746 8691Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- grid.459397.50000 0004 4682 8575Radiology & Imaging Technology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Hossain
- grid.411509.80000 0001 2034 9320Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Golam Rabiul Alam
- grid.52681.380000 0001 0746 8691Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zia Uddin
- grid.4319.f0000 0004 0448 3150Software and Service Innovation, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ahmet Soylu
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
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Ahmmad AM, Yeasmin S, Islam MN, Akter MS, Islam MS. Pattern of Initial Clinical Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:812-818. [PMID: 35780368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder involving multiple systems and often presents with diverse clinical manifestations. The objective of the present study was to investigate the initial clinical presentations of SLE patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 85 SLE patients diagnosed according to the 1997 ACR Revised Criteria for Classification of SLE attending the Lupus Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2012 to June 2013. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, physical examinations and medical records. Almost 75.0% of the patients aged below 30 years had a female predominance (male-female ratio 1:5.6). Fever (71.0%), joint pain (60.0%) and alopecia (28.0%) were the most common initial presentations among the patients. Constitutional symptoms such as fatigue, malaise and weakness (23.5%), malar rash (21.0%), oral ulcer (20.0%), photosensitivity (15.0%) and Raynaud's phenomenon (13.0%) were also present in variable proportions. The musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous systems were most commonly affected (85.0% and 75.0% respectively), followed by lupus nephritis (40.0%), hematological symptoms (22.0%) and vasculitis (17.6%). Out of 85 patients, 78 (92.0%) tested positive for anti-nuclear antibodies. SLE patients commonly present with musculoskeletal and nonspecific symptoms at the initial phase. Hence, physicians should consider this clinical and immunological evidence along with conventional symptoms included in the ACR criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ahmmad
- Dr Alamgir Mustak Ahammad, Senior Consultant (Medicine), Sherpur District Hospital, Sherpur, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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21
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Khan TI, Islam MN, Khan MH, Hassan M, Mahmud SM, Naznen F. Admission Plasma Glucose as In-Hospital Outcome Predictor in First Attack of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Non Diabetic Patient. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:592-599. [PMID: 35780338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death and disability globally. The presentation of Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is heterogeneous, with different risk levels in terms of death, infarction and recurrence of infarction. Current evidence suggests that plasma glucose level or hyperglycemia is a mediator of worse prognosis of MI. The objective of the study was to correlate on admission plasma glucose level in non-diabetic patient with in-hospital outcome of patients after first attack of NSTEMI. This prospective analytical study was conducted among purposively selected 280 patients with NSTEMI admitted in coronary care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period of June 2016 to May 2017. Data were collected from the informant by face to face interview, clinical examination and investigations using a pretested semi-structured case record form. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Patients were categorized into two groups; Group A: NSTEMI with admission plasma glucose level below 7.8mmol/l, (n=150, Male-110, Female-40). Group B: NSTEMI with admission plasma glucose level ≥7.8mmol/l, (n=130, Male-95, Female-35). Group B (n=130) is divided into two subgroups. Subgroup-I: NSTEMI with Hyperglycemia (7.8-9.3mmol/l), n = 67 (male 44, female 23), Subgroup-II: NSTEMI with Hyperglycemia (≥9.4mmol/l), n = 63 (male 51, female 12). All Patients were non diabetic excluded by HbA₁c. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of Group B, Subgroup-II was significantly less than that of Subgroup-I (p<0.05). Correlation between LVEF levels and on admission plasma glucose level showed statistically significant moderate negative correlation, suggesting that the higher was the level of on admission plasma glucose level; the lower was the LV ejection fraction level in first attack of NSTEMI patients. Correlation coefficient between Troponin-I and plasma glucose level on admission of the study population (r=0.030) suggesting that the higher was the level of admission plasma glucose level the higher was the Troponin-I level in first attack of NSTEMI patients. The more was the plasma glucose level, less was LVEF, more was the heart failure and prolonged hospital stay. The study showed a strong predictor of adverse in-hospital outcome in the various levels of plasma glucose and NSTEMI. There was association between the concentration of the plasma glucose and the extent, severity of disease in the means of mean LVEF, the rate of heart failure and duration of hospital stay. The importance of this finding is even clear that RBS is a standard, valuable diagnostic tool for evaluation of severity and prediction of outcome of patients with NSTEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Khan
- Dr Md Tariqul Islam Khan, Registrar, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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22
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Edmondson MJ, Luo C, Nazmul Islam M, Sheils NE, Buresh J, Chen Z, Bian J, Chen Y. Distributed Quasi-Poisson regression algorithm for modeling multi-site count outcomes in distributed data networks. J Biomed Inform 2022; 131:104097. [PMID: 35643272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies incorporating real-world data from multiple institutions facilitate study of rare outcomes or exposures and improve generalizability of results. Due to privacy concerns surrounding patient-level data sharing across institutions, methods for performing regression analyses distributively are desirable. Meta-analysis of institution-specific estimates is commonly used, but has been shown to produce biased estimates in certain settings. While distributed regression methods are increasingly available, methods for analyzing count outcomes are currently limited. Count data in practice are commonly subject to overdispersion, exhibiting greater variability than expected under a given statistical model. OBJECTIVE We propose a novel computational method, a one-shot distributed algorithm for quasi-Poisson regression (ODAP), to distributively model count outcomes while accounting for overdispersion. METHODS ODAP incorporates a surrogate likelihood approach to perform distributed quasi-Poisson regression without requiring patient-level data sharing, only requiring sharing of aggregate data from each participating institution. ODAP requires at most three rounds of non-iterative communication among institutions to generate coefficient estimates and corresponding standard errors. In simulations, we evaluate ODAP under several data scenarios possible in multi-site analyses, comparing ODAP and meta-analysis estimates in terms of error relative to pooled regression estimates, considered the gold standard. In a proof-of-concept real-world data analysis, we similarly compare ODAP and meta-analysis in terms of relative error to pooled estimatation using data from the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium, modeling length of stay in COVID-19 patients as a function of various patient characteristics. In a second proof-of-concept analysis, using the same outcome and covariates, we incorporate data from the UnitedHealth Group Clinical Discovery Database together with the OneFlorida data in a distributed analysis to compare estimates produced by ODAP and meta-analysis. RESULTS In simulations, ODAP exhibited negligible error relative to pooled regression estimates across all settings explored. Meta-analysis estimates, while largely unbiased, were increasingly variable as heterogeneity in the outcome increased across institutions. When baseline expected count was 0.2, relative error for meta-analysis was above 5% in 25% of iterations (250/1000), while the largest relative error for ODAP in any iteration was 3.59%. In our proof-of-concept analysis using only OneFlorida data, ODAP estimates were closer to pooled regression estimates than those produced by meta-analysis for all 15 covariates. In our distributed analysis incorporating data from both OneFlorida and the UnitedHealth Group Clinical Discovery Database, ODAP and meta-analysis estimates were largely similar, while some differences in estimates (as large as 13.8%) could be indicative of bias in meta-analytic estimates. CONCLUSIONS ODAP performs privacy-preserving, communication-efficient distributed quasi-Poisson regression to analyze count outcomes using data stored within multiple institutions. Our method produces estimates nearly matching pooled regression estimates and sometimes more accurate than meta-analysis estimates, most notably in settings with relatively low counts and high outcome heterogeneity across institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Edmondson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chongliang Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - John Buresh
- Optum Labs at UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Nishat ZS, Hossain T, Islam MN, Phan HP, Wahab MA, Moni MA, Salomon C, Amin MA, Sina AAI, Hossain MSA, Kaneti YV, Yamauchi Y, Masud MK. Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics: An Evolving Paradigm for Ultrasensitive Biosensing. Small 2022; 18:e2107571. [PMID: 35620959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoarchitectonics and hydrogel into conventional biosensing platforms offers the opportunities to design physically and chemically controlled and optimized soft structures with superior biocompatibility, better immobilization of biomolecules, and specific and sensitive biosensor design. The physical and chemical properties of 3D hydrogel structures can be modified by integrating with nanostructures. Such modifications can enhance their responsiveness to mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and electric stimuli, which in turn can enhance the practicality of biosensors in clinical settings. This review describes the synthesis and kinetics of gel networks and exploitation of nanostructure-integrated hydrogels in biosensing. With an emphasis on different integration strategies of hydrogel with nanostructures, this review highlights the importance of hydrogel nanostructures as one of the most favorable candidates for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. Moreover, hydrogel nanoarchitectonics are also portrayed as a promising candidate for fabricating next-generation robust biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Sultana Nishat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Md A Wahab
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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24
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Atreya A, Nepal S, Menezes RG, Shurjeel Q, Qazi S, Ram MD, Usman MS, Ghimire S, Marhatta A, Islam MN, Sapkota AD, Garbuja CK. Assessment of fear, anxiety, obsession and functional impairment due to COVID-19 amongst health-care workers and trainees: A cross-sectional study in Nepal. F1000Res 2022; 11:119. [PMID: 35529279 PMCID: PMC9073267 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.76032.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic threw the world into turmoil. The medical community bore the brunt of the pandemic's toll. Long work hours, and a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and social support all had an influence on mental health.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital students and employees in Palpa, Nepal. Data entailing their demographic details, pre-existing comorbidities, or death in the family due to COVID-19 was collected using a self-administered survey. In addition, the level of fear, anxiety, obsession, and functional impairment due to COVID-19 was recorded using previously validated respective scales.
Results:
In total, 403 health-care workers and trainees participated in our study. The mean age of the study participants was 23±4 years, and more than half of them (n=262, 65%) were females. A significant association was found between fear score with age (p-value=0.04), gender (p-value <0.01) and occupation (p-value<0.001). The participants suffering from chronic diseases (p-value=0.36), were not found to be significantly obsessed with COVID-19. Age (p-value=0.34), was not found to be significantly associated with higher anxiety levels. Nursing students suffered from a significantly greater functional impairment than other health-care professionals (mean rank score=269.15, p-value < 0.001). A moderately positive correlation was observed between fear, anxiety, obsession, and functional impairment scales.
Conclusion:
This study revealed various socio-demographic characteristics as risk factors for psychological stress in the people related to the health-care profession of Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. A viable answer to this quandary might be adequate psychosocial intervention by health-care authorities, increased social support, and the introduction of better mental health management measures for the front-line health-care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Atreya
- Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Lumbini, 32500, Nepal
| | - Samata Nepal
- Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Lumbini, 32500, Nepal
| | - Ritesh G Menezes
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Shurjeel
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Sana Qazi
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, 74200, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Anu Marhatta
- Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Lumbini, 32500, Nepal
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25
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Acherjya GK, Ali M, Roy GC, Rahman MS, Nuruzzaman M, Biswas R, Islam MN, Hoque MT, Tarafder K, Chakrabortty A, Kamal M, Kudrat-E-Khuda CM, Saha T, Debnath S, Zesmin F, Hossain MI, Deb SR, Bhuiyan GR, Paul GK, Azad AK. Psychological Assessment of Health-Care Workers Working during COVID-19 Pandemic Condition in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:466-476. [PMID: 35383768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to assess the psychological aspects and relevant factors of the health-care workers (HCWs) working in COVID 19 pandemic condition in Bangladesh. This online cross-sectional survey was conducted from different tertiary, secondary and primary hospitals in Bangladesh. Eligible 638 HCWs who were directly involved in the caring of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients were recruited in this study. The mental health was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). High frequency of depression 536(84.0%), anxiety 386(60.5%) and insomnia 302(47.3%) was found among the HCWs, which were significantly higher in physicians (p<0.001) than nurses. Moderate to severe depression was significantly higher in female, whereas minimal to mild depression was significant in male HCWs (p=0.014). Symptoms of depression (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and insomnia (p=0.004) were significantly higher among the HCWs of primary and secondary compared to the tertiary level. The HCWs developed psychological trauma due to family health (45.3%) and contagious disease property (66.6%). After adjusting confounders, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that physicians and HCWs of secondary hospital had significant symptoms of severe depression (OR=2.95, 95% CI=0.50-17.24; p<0.001), anxiety (OR=2.64, 95% CI=0.80-8.72; p<0.001) and insomnia (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.23-5.84; p=0.018); whereas female HCWs had more risk of developing symptoms of severe insomnia (OR= 1.84; 95% CI=1.23-2.75; p=0.003). High rate of depression, anxiety and insomnia was found among HCWs working in the COVID-19 pandemic condition in this survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Acherjya
- Dr Goutam Kumar Acherjya, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Jashore Medical College, Jashore, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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26
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Ahmad F, Hossain MA, Islam MN, Chowdhury B, Aktar A, Amin SE, Kabir MA, Tusnim I, Alam MT, Pandit P. Serum Electrolyte, Serum Calcium and Blood Sugar Status in Severe Acute Malnutrition and Their Relationship with Edema, Vomiting and Diarrhea. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:281-288. [PMID: 35383739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most severe form of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). Few studies found serum electrolyte, serum calcium level changes as important factors of poor outcome. Hypoglycemia is already established as a risk factor for death in severe acute malnutrition. Edema, diarrhea and vomiting are commonly present in severe acute malnutrition which has impact on electrolyte balance and blood sugar level in healthy children. Their impact in severe acute malnutrition is not clearly established. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, MMCH from March 2018 to October 2019 to estimate serum electrolyte, serum calcium and random blood sugar level in severe acute malnutrition and their relationship with edema, vomiting and diarrhea. Forty-one (41) cases of SAM were enrolled in this study. Test samples were collected before starting the treatment. Case record form was used to collect information. Cases were divided into Group A and Group B based on the presence or absence of vomiting or diarrhea, respectively. Again, all cases were divided into Group C and Group D based on presence or absence of edema, respectively. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Mean age was 9.71±10.4 months with 85.36% having age less than 1 year. Twenty-four (58.5%) were male and 17(41.5%) were female. Parents had low level of education with 48.8% mother and 51.2% father having primary education or no education. Higher number of serum electrolyte, serum calcium and blood sugar were found with hyperglycemia present in 29.3%, hypocalcemia in 22%, hypokalemia in 22% and hyponatremia in 19.5% cases. Hypokalemia was present more in SAM with vomiting or diarrhea (p=0.008). Other disturbances do not vary on presence or absence of edema and vomiting or diarrhea. Result of the present study shows hypokalemia is associated with SAM with vomiting/diarrhea. Hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia and hypernatremia were also present in high number. These changes should be detected early and treated accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmad
- Dr Fahim Ahmad, Registrar, Paediatrics Neurology & Development, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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27
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Luo C, Islam MN, Sheils NE, Buresh J, Reps J, Schuemie MJ, Ryan PB, Edmondson M, Duan R, Tong J, Marks-Anglin A, Bian J, Chen Z, Duarte-Salles T, Fernández-Bertolín S, Falconer T, Kim C, Park RW, Pfohl SR, Shah NH, Williams AE, Xu H, Zhou Y, Lautenbach E, Doshi JA, Werner RM, Asch DA, Chen Y. DLMM as a lossless one-shot algorithm for collaborative multi-site distributed linear mixed models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1678. [PMID: 35354802 PMCID: PMC8967932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear mixed models are commonly used in healthcare-based association analyses for analyzing multi-site data with heterogeneous site-specific random effects. Due to regulations for protecting patients’ privacy, sensitive individual patient data (IPD) typically cannot be shared across sites. We propose an algorithm for fitting distributed linear mixed models (DLMMs) without sharing IPD across sites. This algorithm achieves results identical to those achieved using pooled IPD from multiple sites (i.e., the same effect size and standard error estimates), hence demonstrating the lossless property. The algorithm requires each site to contribute minimal aggregated data in only one round of communication. We demonstrate the lossless property of the proposed DLMM algorithm by investigating the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients using administrative claims from the UnitedHealth Group Clinical Discovery Database. We extend this association study by incorporating 120,609 COVID-19 patients from 11 collaborative data sources worldwide. A lossless, one-shot and privacy-preserving distributed algorithm was revealed for fitting linear mixed models on multi-site data. The algorithm was applied to a study of 120,609 COVID-19 patients using only minimal aggregated data from each of 14 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongliang Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jenna Reps
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Patrick B Ryan
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Mackenzie Edmondson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayi Tong
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arielle Marks-Anglin
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundacio Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atencio Primaria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Bertolín
- Fundacio Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atencio Primaria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Falconer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chungsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen R Pfohl
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew E Williams
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yujia Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jalpa A Doshi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel M Werner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cpl Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Asch
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Ghosh UK, Islam MN, Siddiqui MN, Cao X, Khan MAR. Proline, a multifaceted signalling molecule in plant responses to abiotic stress: understanding the physiological mechanisms. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:227-239. [PMID: 34796604 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an important amino acid, plays an important role in maintaining the metabolism and growth of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Many insights indicate a positive relationship between proline accumulation and tolerance of plants to various abiotic stresses. Because of its metal chelator properties, it acts as a molecular chaperone, an antioxidative defence molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as having signalling behaviour to activate specific gene functions that are crucial for plant recovery from stresses. It also acts as an osmoprotectant, a potential source to acquire nitrogen as well as carbon, and plays a significant role in the flowering and development of plants. Overproduction of proline in plant cells contributes to maintaining cellular homeostasis, water uptake, osmotic adjustment and redox balance to restore the cell structures and mitigate oxidative damage. Many reports reveal that transgenic plants, particularly those overexpressing genes tailored for proline accumulation, exhibit better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive update on proline biosynthesis and accumulation in plants and its putative regulatory roles in mediating plant defence against abiotic stresses. Additionally, the current and future directions in research concerning manipulation of proline to induce gene functions that appear promising in genetics and genomics approaches to improve plant adaptive responses under changing climate conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - X Cao
- School of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - M A R Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Hossain MD, Rahim MA, Islam N, Afroze F, Habib MA, Efa SS, Hossain MD, Islam MN, Sheth P, Waris-Ul-Islam M. TB prevalence among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:119-125. [PMID: 35086623 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: 1) To assess the prevalence of TB among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending diabetic care centres in Bangladesh, and 2) to compare TB- and DM-related sociodemographic and other factors in diabetic patients who had TB and those who did not.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June 2019 to 31 March 2020 in 108 centres of the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), with a sample size of 3,649 patients with DM. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using semi-structured questionnaire from each patient/guardian. Other ethical issues were also maintained.RESULTS: Out of 3,649 patients with DM, 676 presumptive TB cases were identified and tested; from them, 85 patients were detected as TB cases. Another 39 patients were already diagnosed and on anti-TB medication. Prevalence of TB among patients with DM attending diabetic care centres was 3.4%. Prevalence was higher in female than male (4.0% vs 2.6%). Underweight (9.0%) patients and patients having diabetes for more than 10 years (7.1%) had a higher prevalence of TB.CONCLUSION: TB prevalence was over 3% among study population with DM. Periodic screening and active case finding among DM patients should be strengthened to reduce the risk of TB infection among DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Hossain
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A Rahim
- Department of Nephrology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - N Islam
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - F Afroze
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A Habib
- BADAS TB Initiative, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S S Efa
- BADAS TB Initiative, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M D Hossain
- BADAS TB Initiative, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M N Islam
- BADAS TB Initiative, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - P Sheth
- BADAS TB Initiative, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Waris-Ul-Islam
- BADAS TB Initiative, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Luo C, Islam MN, Sheils NE, Buresh J, Schuemie MJ, Doshi JA, Werner RM, Asch DA, Chen Y. OUP accepted manuscript. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1366-1371. [PMID: 35579348 PMCID: PMC9277633 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a lossless distributed algorithm for generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with application to privacy-preserving hospital profiling. Materials and Methods The GLMM is often fitted to implement hospital profiling, using clinical or administrative claims data. Due to individual patient data (IPD) privacy regulations and the computational complexity of GLMM, a distributed algorithm for hospital profiling is needed. We develop a novel distributed penalized quasi-likelihood (dPQL) algorithm to fit GLMM when only aggregated data, rather than IPD, can be shared across hospitals. We also show that the standardized mortality rates, which are often reported as the results of hospital profiling, can also be calculated distributively without sharing IPD. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed dPQL algorithm by ranking 929 hospitals for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality or referral to hospice that have been previously studied. Results The proposed dPQL algorithm is mathematically proven to be lossless, that is, it obtains identical results as if IPD were pooled from all hospitals. In the example of hospital profiling regarding COVID-19 mortality, the dPQL algorithm reached convergence with only 5 iterations, and the estimation of fixed effects, random effects, and mortality rates were identical to that of the PQL from pooled data. Conclusion The dPQL algorithm is lossless, privacy-preserving and fast-converging for fitting GLMM. It provides an extremely suitable and convenient distributed approach for hospital profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongliang Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jalpa A Doshi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel M Werner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cpl Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Asch
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Corresponding Author: Yong Chen, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 602 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Parvin S, Nasrin KN, Hossain MA, Islam MN, Khan M, Taher MA, Farzana MN, Islam N, Alam MK, Naher A, Amin SE, Zaman MB, Amin S, Begum B, Khan MI, Ferdousi J. Change of Hemoglobin Level among Exclusively Breastfed Term and Preterm Babies up to Six Months of Age. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:15-23. [PMID: 34999674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is progressive increase of Hb levels is observed during course of intrauterine development of fetus but high concentrations found at birth. In preterm neonate normal Hb is characteristically deviated from term neonate. Breast milk is the only natural ideal food for both term and preterm babies from birth up to 6 months. Preterm milk was found to contain significantly higher concentrations nutrients particularly iron than term milk. Preterm human milk is more suitable for the premature infant than term human milk. As Hb concentration varies in term and preterm babies in different counties in different feeding practices. The purpose of this longitudinal descriptive study is to find out the pattern of changes in the Hb level among exclusively breastfed preterm and term infants during the first six months of life. This study was carried in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh from September 2016 to February 2018. One hundred fifty (150) neonates both term and preterm were included in this study and followed up to 6 months of age. After admission informed written consent was taken from parents, thorough history taking and clinical examination were done. Data were collected in a pre-designed case record form. All the babies of Group A provided 2mg/kg iron supplementation from 6 weeks for 2 months for universal recommendation. Hb level was measured of all exclusively breast feed babies at admission after birth then next follow-up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. All information regarding history, anthropometrics measurement, Hb level was recorded in structural questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. Male were predominant in both groups. Most of the preterm (72.0%) and term babies (65.3%) were delivered by vaginal route. Mean Hb level was found significantly higher among preterm babies than term babies after birth were 16.55g/dl and 15.98g/dl respectively. Sharp fall of Hb concentration was observed after birth up to 6 weeks in both preterm and term babies but Hb level was found significantly lower in preterm in comparison to term babies (9.27gm/dl vs. 9.58gm/dl). In term babies, even after 6 weeks fall of Hb level continued to 3 months of age followed by gradual increase up to 6 months without iron supplementation. Hb level of in preterm babies gradually increased from 6 weeks up to 6 months with universal iron supplementation. Hb level fall sharply up to 6 weeks in both exclusively breastfed term and preterm babies but even after 6 weeks term babies experienced gradual fall of Hb levels up to 3 months. Hb level increases in exclusively breast-fed term babies without iron supplementation from 3 months of age. Hb level in exclusively breastfed preterm babies increase from 6 weeks onward might be effect of universal iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parvin
- Dr Sabiha Parvin, MD Pediatrics (Thesis Part), Department of Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Kishton R, Sinko L, Ortiz R, Islam MN, Fredrickson A, Sheils NE, Buresh J, Cronholm PF, Matone M. Describing the Health Status of Women Experiencing Violence or Abuse: An Observational Study Using Claims Data. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221074121. [PMID: 35345928 PMCID: PMC8968984 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221074121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Violence against women (VAW) can result in long-term and varied sequela for survivors, making it difficult to evaluate healthcare intervention. This study seeks to improve understanding of the healthcare experiences of women survivors prior to a violence-related diagnosis, allowing healthcare systems to better design strategies to meet the needs of this population. Methods: Using population-based data from 2016 to 2019, this cross-sectional observational study presents healthcare spending, utilization, and diagnostic patterns of privately insured women, age 18 or older, in the 10-months prior to an episode of care for a documented experience of violence (DEV). Results: Of 12 624 764 women meeting enrollment criteria, 10 980 women had DEV. This group had higher general medical complexity, despite being 10 years younger than the comparison group (mean age 32.7 vs 43.5). These relationships held up when comparing participants in each cohort by age. Additional key findings including higher numbers of medical visits across clinical settings and higher total cost ($10 138-$4585). Conclusions: The study utilized population-based data, to describe specific areas of health and medical cost for women with DEV. Increased medical complexity and utilization patterns among survivors broaden the understanding of the health profiles and healthcare touchpoints of survivors to inform and optimize strategies for medical system engagement and resource allocation for this public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kishton
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rachel Kishton, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center Andrew Mutch Building, Floor 7, 51 N. 39th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Laura Sinko
- Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robin Ortiz
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Buresh
- OptumLabs at United Health Group, Minnetonka, MN, USA
| | | | - Meredith Matone
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Faroque MO, Islam SF, Hadiuzzaman KM, Islam MN, Alam MR, Hossain RM, Salahuddin AZ, Rahman M. A Middle-Aged Woman Presented with Catastrophic Anti-phospholipid Syndrome in Nephrology Department of BSMMU. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:267-271. [PMID: 34999714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A life threatening rare condition called catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome leading to multiple organ failure is characterized by vascular thrombosis in the presence of anti-phospholipid antibody which often appear as a medical emergency. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome whether primary or secondary cause thromboembolic manifestation resulting recurrent fetal loss, but catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may not present in such a way, rather multi-system involvement occurs within a short period of time. We would like to present a case of 50 years old female who is hypertensive, non-diabetic, a known case of hypothyroidism for two years, who was admitted to our hospital after developing fever for 7 days and black discoloration of lateral three fingers of left hand for short period of time. The patient had no medical problems and had been in her usual state of health until 7 days before admission. Patient is anaemic and found to have severe renal failure. She was found high titer antiphospholipid antibody both IgM and IgG positive and anti-cardiolipin antibody positive. Her routine investigations revealed very high neutrophilic leukocytosis, high acute phase reactant, urinary findings revealed no active sediment; we thought that our patient might have sepsis that may trigger catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Multi-disciplinary consultation gave us valuable opinion. Considering her septicemia, she was given broad spectrum antibiotic. Anticoagulation was given with unfractionated heparin followed by warfarin and as an immunosuppressive protocol methylprednisolone followed by prednisolone along with pulse cyclophosphamide was given. Treatment option with plasma pheresis and monoclonal antibody was not attempted, but she was given several session of hemodialysis, within a few days her biochemical parameters improved. Severe renal failure in this patient may be explained by septicemia or thrombotic micro-angiopathy that was reversed with anti-coagulation or proper antibiotic. Amputation of three digit of left hand was done by orthopedic surgeon but unfortunately two weeks after admission the patient expired due to sudden stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Faroque
- Dr Md Omar Faroque, Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Islam MN, Podder J, Ali ML. The effect of metal substitution in CsSnI 3 perovskites with enhanced optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39553-39563. [PMID: 35492505 PMCID: PMC9044461 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07609d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-toxic lead-free halide metal perovskites have gained significant interest in photovoltaic and optoelectronic device applications. In this manuscript, we have studied the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of eco-friendly cubic CsSn1-x Cu x I3, (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1) perovskites applying first-principles pseudopotential-based density functional theory (DFT). Cu-doped CsSnI3 has a large impact on the band gap energy viz. the transition of direct band gap towards the indirect band gap. The mechanical properties demonstrate that the pristine and Cu-doped CsSnI3 samples are mechanically stable and their ductility is enhanced by Cu doping. The mechanical stability and ductility favors the suitability of pure and Cu-doped samples in the thin film industry. The absorption edge of Cu-doped CsSnI3 moves towards the lower energy region in comparison with their pure form. In addition, the high dielectric constant, high optical absorption, and high optical conductivity of Cu-doped CsSnI3 materials suggests that the studied materials have a broad range of applications in optoelectronic devices, especially solar cells. A combined analysis of the structural, electronic, mechanical and optical properties suggests that CsSn1-x Cu x I3, (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1) samples are a suitable candidate for photovoltaic as well as optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Islam
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - J Podder
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - M L Ali
- Department of Physics, Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna-6600 Bangladesh
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Zubery MH, Rahman FB, Islam MN, Datta A, Rahman T, Mahdi R. A Comparative Study between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical FIGO Criteria in Different Stages of Carcinoma Cervix. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:1131-1138. [PMID: 34605487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a sensitive and specific alternative method to clinical FIGO criteria in the staging of cervical carcinoma. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of September 2018 to August 2020. A total of 60 patients were selected purposively and all are staged clinically by EUA. Then all samples underwent MRI in Department of Radiology and Imaging, BSMMU. Images of uterine cervix, corpus, vagina and parametrium were taken with a prefixed standard protocol (TIWI axial, T2WI axial and sagittal, DWI axial & DCE) and reporting was done by Radiologist. Comparison was done between the MRI and clinical FIGO criteria of staging of cervical carcinoma. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Sensitivity & specificity of the MRI was measured. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Out of 60 patients in this study the mean age was found 47.5±10.1 years with range from 22 to 60 years. Positive correlation (r=0.993; p=0.001) between histopathological size and MRI size of tumour. Positive correlation (r=0.950; p=0.001) between histopathological size and FIGO size of tumour. MRI findings more correlates with histopathology than clinically detected tumor size. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of MRI diagnosis evaluation for vaginal extension was 100.00%, 95.20%, 100.00%, 98.30% and 97.50% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of MRI diagnosis evaluation for parametrial invasion was 100.00%, all. In this study we observed that MRI staging was more likely to be concordant with pathological stage in comparison to the clinical stage. There was a concordance rate of 95.00% in MRI and 65.00% in clinical staging respectively. Out of 3 non-concordant cases in MRI, 2 were upstaged and 1 case was down staged in histopathology. FIGO staging concurred with histopathology in 39(65.00%) cases and differed in 21(35.00%) cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive and specific modality for accurate staging of cervical carcinoma in comparison with clinical FIGO criteria considering histopathology as gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Zubery
- Dr Md Husnaion Zubery, Radiologist, Department of Radiology and Imaging, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Zaman K, Ali A, Islam MN, Azam MS, Huda SA, Badiuzzaman M, Aktar A, Haque MA. Comparison of Nutritional Status of Children with Congenital Heart Diseases with Minor Illness of Other Children in a Tertiary Level Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:594-600. [PMID: 34226443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This cross sectional comparative analytical study was undertaken with the objectives to find out the nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease by anthropometric measurement and was compared it with those of children having minor illness and without any congenital heart disease in indoor and outdoor Department of Paediatrics of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from December 2015 to November 2016. Purposive sampling was done. One hundred children aged 6 to 60 months with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiogram were taken as Group A and one hundred children of same age and sex matched having minor illness and without any congenital heart disease were taken as Group B. Age of the patients ranged from 6 to 60 months. There was no obvious difference of socio-demographic status between two groups. Most of the patient (64.0%) had acyanotic congenital heart disease among them VSD was commonest (68.8%). Thirty-six percent (36.0%) patient had cyanotic congenital heart disease and among them Tetralogy of Fallots (83.3%) was commonest. There were significant differences regarding weight, height and MUAC values in between two Groups. Underweight (51%), Stunting (50%) and Wasting (29%) all were higher in congenital heart disease than that of Group B where they were 28%, 31% and 13% respectively and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The findings of this study imply that malnutrition is very common among children with congenital heart disease. So, anthropometric measurement should be done in each and every child with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zaman
- Dr Kishwar Zaman, Registrar, Department of Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Taher MA, Ali MA, Islam MN, Parvin S, Yasmin L, Islam N, Shamim NI, Siddique NA. Overweight and Obesity among Children of Primary Schools of Mymensingh Municipal Area. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:613-624. [PMID: 34226446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is now recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The relative percentage of change is higher in developing countries. Childhood obesity has become a serious public health emerging problem because of its strong association with adulthood obesity and related adverse health consequences. The main objective of the study was to find out the status of overweight and obesity among primary school children of Mymensingh municipal area. This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among primary school children of Mymensingh municipal area from September 2016 to February 2018. Total 1450 students were enrolled from 6 schools. Schools were selected by random lottery method. Data was collected in predesigned case record forms by investigator with the help of students, teachers and parents. Anthropometry was measured by principal investigator. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and plotted by using Center for disease control (CDC) BMI growth charts for age and sex. Children were categorized as obese, overweight, normal and underweight. Data analysis was done by computer software SPSS version 20.0. Mean age of children was 9.0±1.124 years. There was 47.4% male and 52.6% female. Among the 1450 children 18.6% obese, 17.5% overweight, 53.5% normal and 10.4% underweight. So, total 36.1% children had BMI above normal limit. Obesity was found more common among male children (p<0.001). Obesity and overweight was significantly associated with fast food consumption (p<0.001), playing computer and mobile games (p<0.001), watching TV (p<0.001), higher parent's education (p<0.001), higher parent's income (p<0.001), service holder father (p<0.001), family history of overweight or obesity (p<0.001), single child in family (p<0.001) and increased birth weight (p<0.001). A large number of primary school children in Mymensingh municipal area were overweight and obese. Childhood obesity and overweight varies from school to school. Childhood obesity and overweight is an emerging and growing health issue in municipal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Taher
- Dr Md Abu Taher, Registrar (Pediatrics), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Haque AN, Uzzaman KS, Hasan MM, Hasan KR, Hasan MR, Hussain M, Saha MK, Islam MS, Rahman MM, Roy MK, Kamruzzaman M, Minto MR, Alam MT, Hossain MZ, Islam MN, Islam MS. Outcome of Danis-Weber Type-B ankle fracture treated by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:644-650. [PMID: 34226450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Danis-Weber type-B ankle fracture is one of the most common injuries in young and active individual. This fracture offers a considerable challenge to orthopedic surgeon. Though there are several options for treating such type of fracture, ORIF by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate is the preferred option in the recent years. This descriptive type of observational study was performed from July 2017 to June 2019 in NITOR. Thirty (30) patients, 22 male and 8 female with an average age of 39 years with Danis-Weber type-B ankle fracture underwent ORIF by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate for fractured fibula and ORIF by 4.0mm cannulated cancellous screw for fractured medial malleolus. All the patients were initially managed by analgesic and short leg posterior slab. Average follow up was 24 weeks. Final outcome was assessed by AOFAS score. The main cause of injury was RTA (56.67%). Mean operation time was 1.2 hours. Mean duration of Hospital stay was 16.43±1.73 days. Superficial infection was in 3.33% and skin necrosis in 3.33% patient. Mean duration of radiological healing was 12.73±0.39 weeks. At final follow up, mean dorsi flexion was 10.93°±0.357° and plantar flexion was 50.93°±0.357°. Ninety percent (90%) patient had no difficulties in walking on any surface; 96.67% patient had stable ankle hind foot; 86.67% patient had good. Ten percent (10%) had fair and 3.33% patient had poor alignment of foot. The mean score in this study was 88.67±2.31. Satisfactory outcome was observed in 86.67% patients and 13.33% had unsatisfactory results. On the basis of results in the present study, it can be concluded that treatment of Danis-Weber type-B ankle fracture by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate is an effective and reliable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Haque
- Dr AKM Nazmul Haque, Junior Consultant (Orthopedics), Department of Orthopedics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Amin SE, Islam MN, Choudhury FH, Ahmad F, Fatematuzzaman FN, Hussain FB, Zarin I, Khan NI. Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:671-677. [PMID: 34226454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is associated with increased mortality and morbidity including prolonged hospital stay. Management of such cases is difficult, costly and need expert centers in many cases. Therefore, continued surveillance is mandatory to identify risk factors of neonatal sepsis which help optimizing its management. With the above idea, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2017 to December 2017 to observe the effects of maternal and neonatal risk factors in the development of neonatal sepsis and to determine risk factors of neonatal sepsis. Ninety four neonates (0-28 days) who were admitted in NICU with suspected sepsis were included in this study by purposive sampling technique. After admission written informed consent from parents or guardians obtained and histories were obtained including perinatal history and full physical examination of the infants were done and septic screening were sent. All the relevant information was recorded in a pre-designed questionnaire and all data were compiled, tabulated and then analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Among 94 cases, 72.3% were preterm and 27.6% were term. There was male predominance and male/ female ratio was 1.9:1. Most (76.6%) of the patient admitted within 72 hours of birth. Most (83%) had low birth weight (<2500gm). Most came from rural area 61(64.9%) and also from low income family 59(62.8%). Premature onset of labour 40(42.6%), PROM >18 hours 36(38.3%), vaginal route of delivery 52(55.3%), instrumental resuscitation 15(16%), prelacteal feeding 11(11.7%), bottle feeding 15(16%) were the antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors in this study. Also the neonatal factors, like prematurity, resuscitation at birth and low APGAR score carried the significant risk of developing sepsis. Poor feeding, lethargy, respiratory distress, jaundice were more common presenting symptoms. Tachycardia, tachypnea, chest indrawing, cyanosis hypothermia, hyperthermia and apnoea were found as more common presenting sign of sepsis in this study. Based on result it is concluded that prolonged rupture of membrane>18 hours, vaginal route of delivery, preterm birth, instrumental resuscitation, prelacteal feeding, bottle feeding were the major perinatal risk factors in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Amin
- Dr Shohag Eva Amin, Junior Consultant Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Begum K, Anwar S, Islam MK, Islam MN, Hossain MA, Vikarun-Nesa M, Jasmine T. Risk Factors of UTI in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:718-724. [PMID: 34226461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication in nephrotic children and leads to most morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh. This case control study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2018 to identify the risk factors of UTI in children with nephrotic syndrome. Total 90 patient of nephrotic children aged 2-12 years, who were fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as Group I (case) and Group II (control) according to urine culture report. Group I was UTI positive and Group II was UTI negative. The mean age of Group I was 5.26±3.18 years and Group II was 6.03±2.85 years. There was male predominance in both groups. No significant difference has been found regarding age and sex (p>0.05). No significant difference was also observed regarding economic status and educational level of mother among both groups (p>0.05). Fever, dysuria, abdominal pain, anasarca, vomiting and pallor were found as common presentations in Group I. Children with dysuria and abdominal pain were significantly higher in Group I than Group II (p value <0.001). UTI was found more in relapsed cases than initial attack. E. coli was the most common etiologic agent (37.8%). Mean Hb (gm/dl), serum total protein, serum albumin and serum IgG level were found significantly lower and spot urine protein creatinine ratio was significantly higher in Group I, which implies that those biochemical factors were associated with development of UTI in nephrotic children. Younger age group (<6 years), Constipation and uncircumcised male were found as risk factors and has association with UTI in nephrotic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Begum
- Dr Khaleda Begum, Junior Consultant (Paediatrics), Upazila Health Complex, Fulbaria, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Asch DA, Islam MN, Sheils NE, Chen Y, Doshi JA, Buresh J, Werner RM. Patient and Hospital Factors Associated With Differences in Mortality Rates Among Black and White US Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2112842. [PMID: 34137829 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Black patients hospitalized with COVID-19 may have worse outcomes than White patients because of excess individual risk or because Black patients are disproportionately cared for in hospitals with worse outcomes for all. OBJECTIVES To examine differences in COVID-19 hospital mortality rates between Black and White patients and to assess whether the mortality rates reflect differences in patient characteristics by race or by the hospitals to which Black and White patients are admitted. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study assessed Medicare beneficiaries admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 to 1188 US hospitals from January 1, 2020, through September 21, 2020. EXPOSURE Hospital admission for a diagnosis of COVID-19. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary composite outcome was inpatient death or discharge to hospice within 30 days of admission. We estimated the association of patient-level characteristics (including age, sex, zip code-level income, comorbidities, admission from a nursing facility, and days since January 1, 2020) with differences in mortality or discharge to hospice among Black and White patients. To examine the association with the hospital itself, we adjusted for the specific hospitals to which patients were admitted. We used simulation modeling to estimate the mortality among Black patients had they instead been admitted to the hospitals where White patients were admitted. RESULTS Of the 44 217 Medicare beneficiaries included in the study, 24 281 (55%) were women; mean (SD) age was 76.3 (10.5) years; 33 459 participants (76%) were White, and 10 758 (24%) were Black. Overall, 2634 (8%) White patients and 1100 (10%) Black patients died as inpatients, and 1670 (5%) White patients and 350 (3%) Black patients were discharged to hospice within 30 days of hospitalization, for a total mortality-equivalent rate of 12.86% for White patients and 13.48% for Black patients. Black patients had similar odds of dying or being discharged to hospice (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) in an unadjusted comparison with White patients. After adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic patient characteristics, Black patients were more likely to die or be discharged to hospice (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19). This difference became indistinguishable when adjustment was made for the hospitals where care was delivered (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.10). In simulations, if Black patients in this sample were instead admitted to the same hospitals as White patients in the same distribution, their rate of mortality or discharge to hospice would decline from the observed rate of 13.48% to the simulated rate of 12.23% (95% CI for difference, 1.20%-1.30%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study found that Black patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had higher rates of hospital mortality or discharge to hospice than White patients after adjustment for the personal characteristics of those patients. However, those differences were explained by differences in the hospitals to which Black and White patients were admitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Asch
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jalpa A Doshi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Rachel M Werner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Cpl Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Banerjee SK, Iqbal MM, Chowdhury MAA, Iqbal S, Islam S, Hassan MZ, Chaudhury SR, Hossain RM, Islam MN, Hassan MS, Arslan MI. MO111PATTERN OF CARDIAC AND RENAL RISK FACTORS PREVAILING IN HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS OF RURAL COMMUNITY: PRIMARY RESULTS FROM AN ONGOING SYSTEMATIC SURVEY IN BANGLADESH. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab106.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Hypertension is the leading entity of non communicable diseases (NCD). Some 15-30% adult population is identified suffering from hypertension at any given time worldwide. Complications of hypertension cause severe functional deficit and a major decline in quality of life for the patient and family.
This study was carried out to identify the presence and pattern of cardiac and renal risk factors influencing major morbidity and mortality in hypertensive subject by performing relevant clinical and laboratory evaluations.
Method
In this survey adult subjects were selected randomly from a defined rural area. Their demographic, anthropometric and clinical information was recorded by WHO STEP wise approach surveillance-Instrument v.3.1. Information on prevailing NCDs and related risk factor were collected on a short questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Blood Pressure (BP) was measured by digital blood pressure monitor (Omron) with standard sized cuff after 10-15 minutes of rest in sitting posture by taking mean of two readings. Systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90mmHg or subjects taking antihypertensive medications were considered for hypertension. Early morning urine and fasting blood sample was collected for glycemic profile, lipid profile, serum creatinine, eGFR (MDRD equation) and urine ACR estimations for identifying diabetes, dyslipidemia and nephropathy. Results from an early group are presented here.
Results
From surveyed population consequative 300 hypertensive subjects with 100 normotensive subjects were analyzed. Male/female distribution was 66% and 34%. Age in 75% was between 25-55 years and BMI overweight to obese in 45%. Etiology wise in 81% it was essential hypertension followed by diabetes 18% and nephropathies in rest. Mean systolic BP was 147±16 and diastolic BP 71±9 mmHg. Comparison of hypertensive vs. normotensives showed FBS 6.7±3 vs. 5.8±1.0 mmol/l, (p<0.001). Lipids as cardiac markers were TG 170±107 vs. 130±76 g/dl, (p<0.001); Cholesterol 195±50 vs. 180±49 g/dl, (p<0.001); LDL 170±107 vs. 130±76 g/dl, (p<0.04); and HDL 42±7 vs. 46±8 g/dl, (p<0.001). Renal parameters like eGFR was 88±22 vs. 98±26 ml/min, (p<0.001); and ACR 99±556 vs. 30±87 mg/g, (p<0.04). These comparisons showed fasting hyperglycemia with most of the lipids higher and HDL lower in hypertensives. Renal parameters like eGFR was lower and albuminuria was significantly higher with similar urinary Na and K excretion in hypertensives. Other cardio renal markers like Uric Acid and hCRP was similar in both groups. Pearson’s correlations showed a positive correlation of systolic and diastolic BP with major components of cardiac, renal and metabolic risk factors.
Conclusion
It is found that hypertension is essential in nature among 81% of rural subjects. Nearly half of the study subjects are overweight. Dyslipidemia, albuminuria and low GFR is more pronounced in hypertensives in comparison to the normotensive counterparts. So, hypertension is mostly associated with adverse cardio-renal risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md M Iqbal
- NIKDU, Bangladesh
- KDRG
- NIKDU, Nephrology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Cahalane RM, Barrett HE, Ross AM, Mulvihill JJE, Purtill H, Selvarajah L, O'Brien J, Kavanagh EG, Moloneye MA, Egan SM, Leahy FC, Griffin TP, Islam MN, O'Shea PM, Walsh MT, O'Connor EM. On the association between circulating biomarkers and atherosclerotic calcification in a cohort of arterial disease participants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1533-1541. [PMID: 33810961 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerotic calcification is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine whether circulating levels of a local/systemic calcification inhibitor or a marker of bone formation correlate with measures of coronary or extracoronary calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical computed tomography (CT) was performed on 64 arterial disease participants undergoing carotid and lower extremity endarterectomy. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores and volumes were acquired from the CT scans (n = 42). CAC scores and volumes were used to derive CAC density scores. Micro-CT was performed on excised carotid (n = 36) and lower extremity (n = 31) plaques to quantify the volume and volume fraction of extracoronary calcification. Circulating levels of dephospho-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein (dp-ucMGP), fetuin-A, carboxylated and uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) were quantified using commercial immunoassays. Carotid participant CAC density scores were moderately negatively correlated with plasma dp-ucMGP (rs = -0.592, P = 0.008). A weak negative association was found between CAC scores and %ucOC for all participants (rs = -0.335, P = 0.040). Another weak negative correlation was observed between fetuin-A and the volume of calcification within excised carotid specimens (rs = -0.366, P = 0.031). Despite substantial differences in coronary and extracoronary calcium measurements, the levels of circulating biomarkers did not vary significantly between carotid and lower extremity subgroups. CONCLUSION Correlations identified between circulating biomarkers and measures of coronary and extracoronary calcium were not consistent among participant subgroups. Further research is required to determine the association between circulating biomarkers, coronary and extracoronary calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Cahalane
- BioScience and BioEngineering Research, Biomaterials Cluster, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Hilary E Barrett
- BioScience and BioEngineering Research, Biomaterials Cluster, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Aisling M Ross
- BioScience and BioEngineering Research, Biomaterials Cluster, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - John J E Mulvihill
- BioScience and BioEngineering Research, Biomaterials Cluster, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Helen Purtill
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Aging Research Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Julie O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Eamon G Kavanagh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Siobhan M Egan
- Clinical Research Support Unit, University Hospital Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Fiona C Leahy
- Clinical Research Support Unit, University Hospital Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Tomás P Griffin
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - M N Islam
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Galway, Ireland.
| | - Paul M O'Shea
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael T Walsh
- BioScience and BioEngineering Research, Biomaterials Cluster, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Eibhlís M O'Connor
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Islam MN, Akhter M, Nessa A, Debnath CR. Neonatal COVID-19 Infection: Is Neonate Safe? Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:257-259. [PMID: 33830099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
No Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Islam
- Dr Md Nazrul Islam, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Jahan A, Islam MN, Akhter M, Khan RH, Akhtaruzzaman M, Sharmin M, Zaman K, Tusnim I. Treacher Collins Syndrome: A Case Report. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:555-558. [PMID: 33830142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Treacher collins syndrome (TCS) or Franceschetti syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder with variable expressivity. It affects mainly craniofacial structure that derives from 1st and 2nd branchial arches approximately between the 20th day and 12th week of intrauterine life. This syndrome has different clinical types. Most common features are antimongoloid slanting of the palpebral fissures, hypoplasia of zygoma, maxilla & mandible with various eye and ear abnormalities. Here we present a case of an 11 days old female neonate, who was ill looking, dyspnoeic having significant facial profile, multiple congenital anomalies and dolicocephaly; admitted in the department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh on 7th August 2020. After taking all the diagnostic assistance of the multidisciplinary approach mainly on the basis of clinical features and radiology we diagnosed the case as TCS. We managed the patient by maintaining temperature, giving nutritional support and injectable antibiotic, took consultation from Otolaryngology department then we discharged the baby with proper counseling, advised regarding further follow up and to consult with paediatric surgeon and cardiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jahan
- Dr Aziza Jahan, Resident, MD Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Jasmine T, Mutanabbi M, Morshed J, Rahman MM, Islam MN, Hossain MA, Begum K, Aktar A. Association between Child Undernutrition and Maternal Undernutrition: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:387-394. [PMID: 33830118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition in children under five years remains a significant health problem in Bangladesh, despite substantial socio-economic progress and a decade of interventions aimed at improving it. Although Bangladesh has made rapid progress over the last decade in the field of health and nutrition, there has been very slow progress in improving the state of child nutrition. Studies aiming at determination of interrelationship between child undernutrition and maternal undernutrition are to be scientifically established if appropriate intervention policy is to be introduced. This study was undertaken to see whether this assumption has a statistically proven basis that maternal undernutrition influences child undernutrition. The objective of this cross sectional analytical study was to evaluate the association between child undernutrition and their maternal undernutrition in child-mother pair in a tertiary care hospital and was conducted from July 2017 to April 2018 in the department of General Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study subjects were 196 children between the ages of six months to five years who were admitted in BSMMU and their accompanying mothers. Children who had any known chronic diseases or clinically obvious syndrome were excluded. Before enrollment, parents of all the patients were informed about the study & its objectives. Anthropometric measurements of children and mothers were done by standard procedure. Demographic profile and relevant maternal information were collected by interviewing the mothers. Among the undernourished children, 17.3% were found underweight, 7.1% stunted, 16.3% wasted. Combined underweight & wasted were 34.7%, underweight & stunted 9.2%, stunted & wasted 5.1%, underweight, stunted and wasted 10.2%. Maternal undernutrition was more common (95.7%) in undernourished children group. Undernutrition was significantly higher in mothers of children with undernutrition (OR=40.75, p<0.001). Children having a better nutrition were born from mothers who were well nourished, educated, had good childcare knowledge and higher family income. This emphasized the need to provide the guideline for appropriate measure to be taken to reduce child undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jasmine
- Dr Tahsina Jasmine, Medical Officer, Department of Paediatric Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Asch DA, Sheils NE, Islam MN, Chen Y, Werner RM, Buresh J, Doshi JA. Variation in US Hospital Mortality Rates for Patients Admitted With COVID-19 During the First 6 Months of the Pandemic. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181:471-478. [PMID: 33351068 PMCID: PMC7756246 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Importance It is unknown how much the mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) depends on the hospital that cares for them, and whether COVID-19 hospital mortality rates are improving. Objective To identify variation in COVID-19 mortality rates and how those rates have changed over the first months of the pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study assessed 38 517 adults who were admitted with COVID-19 to 955 US hospitals from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020, and a subset of 27 801 adults (72.2%) who were admitted to 398 of these hospitals that treated at least 10 patients with COVID-19 during 2 periods (January 1 to April 30, 2020, and May 1 to June 30, 2020). Exposures Hospital characteristics, including size, the number of intensive care unit beds, academic and profit status, hospital setting, and regional characteristics, including COVID-19 case burden. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the hospital's risk-standardized event rate (RSER) of 30-day in-hospital mortality or referral to hospice adjusted for patient-level characteristics, including demographic data, comorbidities, community or nursing facility admission source, and time since January 1, 2020. We examined whether hospital characteristics were associated with RSERs or their change over time. Results The mean (SD) age among participants (18 888 men [49.0%]) was 70.2 (15.5) years. The mean (SD) hospital-level RSER for the 955 hospitals was 11.8% (2.5%). The mean RSER in the worst-performing quintile of hospitals was 15.65% compared with 9.06% in the best-performing quintile (absolute difference, 6.59 percentage points; 95% CI, 6.38%-6.80%; P < .001). Mean RSERs in all but 1 of the 398 hospitals improved; 376 (94%) improved by at least 25%. The overall mean (SD) RSER declined from 16.6% (4.0%) to 9.3% (2.1%). The absolute difference in rates of mortality or referral to hospice between the worst- and best-performing quintiles of hospitals decreased from 10.54 percentage points (95% CI, 10.03%-11.05%; P < .001) to 5.59 percentage points (95% CI, 5.33%-5.86%; P < .001). Higher county-level COVID-19 case rates were associated with worse RSERs, and case rate declines were associated with improvement in RSERs. Conclusions and Relevance Over the first months of the pandemic, COVID-19 mortality rates in this cohort of US hospitals declined. Hospitals did better when the prevalence of COVID-19 in their surrounding communities was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Asch
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rachel M. Werner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Cpl Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jalpa A. Doshi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Gillespie P, Channon RB, Meng X, Islam MN, Ladame S, O'Hare D. Nucleic acid sensing via electrochemical oligonucleotide-templated reactions. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112891. [PMID: 33397596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Short single-stranded nucleic acids as found in a variety of bodily fluids have recently emerged as minimally invasive biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies, most notably cancer. Because of their small size, low natural abundance and high sequence homology between family members they are challenging to detect using standard technologies suitable for use at the point-of-care. Herein we report the design, engineering and testing of a novel sensing strategy: electrochemically active molecular probes based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) scaffolds for the detection of single-stranded oligonucleotides, in particular microRNAs (or miRs). As a proof-of-principle, a wide range of probes were designed and tested to detect miR-141, a known diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Optimal quantitative sensing of miR-141 was achieved via the first example of an electrochemical oligonucleotide-templated reaction (EOTR), whereby two PNA probes - functionalized with an aniline and a 1,4-catechol respectively - preferentially react with each other upon simultaneous hybridization to the same RNA target strand, serving here as a template. Quantitative, electrochemical detection of the product of this bio-orthogonal reaction showed direct correlation between adduct formation and miR-141 concentration. Coupling the specificity of OTR with the speed and sensitivity of electrochemical sensing delivers EOTRs as a promising new technique for fast, low-cost, quantitative and sequence-specific detection of short nucleic acids from liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gillespie
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert B Channon
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaotong Meng
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Sylvain Ladame
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Danny O'Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Nasrim KN, Parvin S, Hossain MA, Alam MK, Amin SE, Naher A, Islam MN, Salam A, Akhtaruzzaman M, Choudhury FH, Zaman F, Khan MI, Begum B. Neuro-developmental Outcome of High Risk Neonates in a Tertiary Level Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:90-100. [PMID: 33397857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An observational longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology and Child Developmental Center, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh during the period of September 2016 to February 2018 to find out the neuro-developmental outcome of high risk neonates at the age of 6 months. Five hundred seventy six (576) high risk neonate who were admitted in the neonatology department in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital were selected as study population by Purposive sampling technique. After admission written informed consent from parents or guardians obtained and Data was collected in a pre-designed case record form. At 6th months of age total 400 baby were came to Child Development Centre and their motor, cognition and behavior development were assessed by Bayley Scale of Infant Development and severity of cognitive, motor and behavior impairment were graded. All data were compiled, tabulated and then analyzed by computer software SPSS version 20.00. Mean age was 7.2±3.3 days. Among studied newborns 18.1% were preterm and 81.9% were term. Most of the newborn were male (63.0%). Developmental delay was found in 81.5% and neuro-developmental outcome was found normal in only 18.5% newborns. Significant delayed motor performance was found in 52% newborns where 17% had mild delay. Significantly delayed mental performance was found in 57.0% and 28.52% had mildly delayed mental performance. Non-optimal behavior was found in 57.0% newborns and14% had questionable behavior. Very low birth weight, preterm very low birth weight, home delivery, perinatal asphyxia and neonatal seizure were found to have significant relation with developmental delay. Most of the high risk neonates develop developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Nasrim
- Dr Kamrun Nahar Nasrin, Child Health Physician, Shishu Bikash Kendro, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Islam MN, Dipi RM, Mostafa SN, Datta A. Progression of Disease in COVID-19 Patients Evaluated by Chest CT Imgaing and Correlated with Clinical Parameters. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:182-188. [PMID: 33397872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate and quantify the severity of COVID-19 infection by high resolution computed tomography (CT) of chest and to determine its relationship with clinical parameters. This study also aimed to see CT changes with clinical recovery or progression of disease. This cross sectional study was performed from July 20 to August 20, 2020, where both chest HRCT and clinical features were included in laboratory confirmed COVID-19, 100 patients, attending the depertment of Radiology & Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study included clinical symptoms, comorbidities of patients, HRCT chest characteristics, CT severity score. After collection of all required data and careful medical chest review, the clinical data of laboratory confirmed patients was compiled and tabulated. In this study group out of 100 patients, most of the patients were in 5th & 6th dacades with a mean age of 53.7 years. In this study out of 100 patients 72% were male and 28% were female with an average sex ratio of male : female being 2.5:1. Prevalance of various clinical presentation in this study sample population distributed as fever in 76% cough in 77.4%, shortness of breath in 55%, sore throat in 17% were the most common clinical manifestations while a few patients (13.2%) also had other symptoms like headache, chest tightnes, anosmia and diarrhoea. Major comorbid conditions were diabets mellitus, hypertension, bronchial asthma and Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patient with comorbid disease, especially if multiple had higher symptomatic presentation. Out of 100 patients 75.5% patient had co-morbidity where as 24.5% ptaients did not have any co-existing disease. According to HRCT imaging severity score the lung pathological changes were evaluated, when typical covid findings in 80%, intermediate in 10%, atypical in 2% and normal chest CT findings in 8% patients. Symptomatic presentation had found higher (85.21%) who had CT severity index >15/25 while sympotomatic presentation lesser (14.79%) who had CT severity index <15/25. CT severity index of 1-5 was seen in 20(21.73%) patients, 6-10 in 38(41.30%) patients, 11-15 in 22(23.91% patients, 16-20 in 10(10.86%) patients and 21-25 in 2(2.17%). As positive CT findings were more prominent in symptomatic and co-morbid patients HRCT chest in COVID-19 patient had a major diagnostic and prognostic importance. Clinical symptoms of patients directly correlated with CT severity score. Therefore, CT imaging was found to be useful in predicting clinical recovery of patient or progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Islam
- Dr Md Nazrul Islam, Associate Professor (Neuro-Radiology), Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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