1
|
Lacroix C, Saussereau E. Fast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of cannabinoids in micro volume blood samples after dabsyl derivatization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
2
|
Mahdy T, El-Shihi TH, Emara MM, Giorgi M. New HPLC Method to Detect Individual Opioids (Heroin and Tramadol) and their Metabolites in the Blood of Rats on Combination Treatment. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:658-65. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
3
|
Guo K, Peng J, Zhou R, Li L. Ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography fractionation in combination with isotope labeling reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for comprehensive metabolome profiling. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3689-94. [PMID: 21543078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel two-dimensional (2D) separation strategy aimed at improving the detectability of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for metabolome analysis. It is based on the use of ion-pairing (IP) reversed-phase (RP) LC as the first dimension separation to fractionate the metabolites, followed by isotope labeling of individual fractions using dansylation chemistry to alter the physiochemical properties of the metabolites. The labeled metabolites having different hydrophobicity from their unlabeled counterparts are then separated and analyzed by on-line RPLC Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). This off-line 2D-LC-MS strategy offers significant improvement over the one-dimensional (1D) RPLC MS technique in terms of the number of detectable metabolites. As an example, in the analysis of a human urine sample, 3564 ¹³C-/¹²C-dansylated ion pairs or metabolites were detected from seven IP RPLC fractions, compared to 1218 metabolites found in 1D-RPLC-MS. Using a library of 220 amine- and phenol-containing metabolite standards, 167 metabolites were positively identified based on retention time and accurate mass matches, which was about 2.5 times the number metabolites identified by 1D-RPLC-MS analysis of the same urine sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barrett DA, Dyssegaard AL, Shaw PN. The effect of temperature and pH on the deacetylation of diamorphine in aqueous solution and in human plasma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:606-8. [PMID: 1357144 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb05474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the kinetics of the deacetylation of diamorphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine was studied in human plasma. Diamorphine was rapidly and quantitatively degraded to 6-monoacetylmorphine with initial half-lives of 354, 18 and 3 min at temperatures of 4, 25 and 37°C, respectively. Further deacetylation to morphine was not detected. In aqueous solution, diamorphine was quantitatively degraded to give 6-monoacetylmorphine as the major product and morphine as a minor product, the rate of deacetylation being dependent on temperature and pH. At pH 4·0 and 5·6 diamorphine had a half-life of greater than 14 days at all temperatures but at alkaline pH diamorphine was rapidly deacetylated. The rate of deacetylation of 6-monoacetylmorphine was consistently slower than that of diamorphine under identical conditions of pH and temperature. A method is described for the rapid stabilization and subsequent assay of diamorphine in plasma which will prevent errors in estimation of the drug due to unwanted hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Barrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo K, Li L. Differential 12C-/13C-Isotope Dansylation Labeling and Fast Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Absolute and Relative Quantification of the Metabolome. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3919-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li JF, Dong C. Study on the interaction of morphine chloride with deoxyribonucleic acid by fluorescence method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 71:1938-1943. [PMID: 18818119 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mode and mechanism of the interaction of morphine chloride, an important alkaloid compound to calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct DNA) was investigated from absorption and fluorescence titration techniques. Hypochromic effect was founded in the absorption spectra of morphine when concentration of DNA increased. The decreased fluorescence study revealed non-cooperative binding of the morphine to DNA with an affinity of 3.94x10(3)M(-1), and the stoichiometry of binding was characterized to be about one morphine molecule per nucleotide. Stern-Volmer plots at different temperatures proved that the quenching mechanism was static. Ferrocyanide quenching study showed that the magnitude of K(SV) of the bound morphine was lower than that of the free one. In addition, it was found that ionic strength could affect the binding of morphine and DNA. Fluorescence polarization and denatured DNA studies also applied strong evidences that morphine molecule was partially intercalated between every alternate base pairs of ct DNA. As observed from above experiments, intercalation was well supported as the binding mode of morphine and ct DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Li
- Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bosch ME, Sánchez AR, Rojas FS, Ojeda CB. Morphine and its metabolites: Analytical methodologies for its determination. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:799-815. [PMID: 17207954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the methods of determination published for morphine and its metabolites covering the period from 1980 until at the first part of 2006. The overview includes the most relevant analytical determinations classified in the following two types: (1) non-chromatographic methods and (2) chromatographic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Espinosa Bosch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Popa D, Loghin F, Imre S, Curea E. The study of codeine-gluthetimide pharmacokinetic interaction in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:867-77. [PMID: 12899973 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay with native fluorescence detection was developed for the simultaneous quantification of codeine and its two metabolites, morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (M-3-G), in rat plasma. Solid-phase extraction was used to separate codeine and its metabolites from plasma constituents. Extraction efficiencies of codeine, morphine and M-3-G from rat plasma samples were 97, 92 and 93%, respectively. The chromatographic separation was performed using a reversed-phase C18 column and an elution gradient at ambient temperature. Using native fluorescence detection (excitation at 245 nm and emission at 345 nm), the detection limits of 50 ng/ml for morphine, 25 ng/ml for codeine and 20 ng/ml for M-3-G were obtained. The method had good precision, accuracy and linearity, and was applied to the study of glutethimide's influence on codeine metabolism in rat, following single doses of codeine-glutethimide association. The results confirmed the fact that glutethimide was responsible for a significant increase of morphine plasma levels and for their maintenance in time, concomitant with a significant decrease of M-3-G plasma levels, explained by the inhibition of morphine glucuronidation. In conclusion, glutethimide potentiates and prolongs the analgesic effect of codeine by a pharmacokinetic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Popa
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 13, Emil Isac, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chapter 1 Opiate agonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(00)80051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
10
|
Hara S, Mochinaga S, Fukuzawa M, Ono N, Kuroda T. Simple and highly sensitive determination of morphine in rat plasma by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Moeller MR, Steinmeyer S, Kraemer T. Determination of drugs of abuse in blood. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 713:91-109. [PMID: 9700554 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The detection and quantitation of drugs of abuse in blood is of growing interest in forensic and clinical toxicology. With the development of highly sensitive chromatographic methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with sensitive detectors and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), more and more substances can be determined in blood. This review includes methods for the determination of the most commonly occurring illicit drugs and their metabolites, which are important for the assessment of drug abuse: Methamphetamine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA), cannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaethylene and the opiates (heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, codeine and dihydrocodeine). A number of drugs/drug metabolites that are structurally close to these substances are included in the tables. Basic information about the biosample assayed, work-up, GC column or LC column and mobile phase, detection mode, reference data and validation data of each procedure is summarized in the tables. Examples of typical applications are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Moeller
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Emara S. Development of highly sensitive and specific HPLC assay for plasma morphine using direct injection technique and post-column derivatization. Biomed Chromatogr 1998; 12:15-20. [PMID: 9470969 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199801/02)12:1<15::aid-bmc713>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An extremely simple, rapid and reproducible analytical method was developed for the determination of morphine in human plasma using a high performance liquid chromatography utilizing a column-switching technique and protein-coated precolumn. Morphine from plasma (500 microL) was preconcentrated on the protein-coated pre-column without sample pre-treatment. This column acted at the same time as a clean up device. The drug was transferred on-line to the analytical column followed by post-chromatographic derivatization and fluorimetric detection. Post-column derivatization was based on the oxidative dimerization of morphine to fluorescent pseudomorphine by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). The average morphine recoveries over a concentration range of 10 to 100 ng/mL ranged from 94.84 to 100.70%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 1.36 to 2.13%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Emara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Milne RW, Nation RL, Somogyi AA. The disposition of morphine and its 3- and 6-glucuronide metabolites in humans and animals, and the importance of the metabolites to the pharmacological effects of morphine. Drug Metab Rev 1996; 28:345-472. [PMID: 8875123 DOI: 10.3109/03602539608994011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R W Milne
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cepas J, Silva M, Pérez-Bendito D. Sensitive peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence determination of psychotropic indole derivatives. Analyst 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/an9962100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Nicolle E, Michaut S, Serre-Debeauvais F, Bessard G. Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for nalbuphine in plasma. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 663:111-7. [PMID: 7704197 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00437-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with adequate internal analog standardization and coulometric detection is described for the quantification of nalbuphine in plasma samples. The lower limit of detection was estimated to be 0.1 ng/ml. For routine analysis, the limit of quantification was set at 0.5 ng/ml and only a small plasma volume (500 microliters) was required. The nalbuphine calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0-100 ng/ml. The recoveries of nalbuphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine, used as internal standard, were close to 85%. Due to the small sample volume of blood required, this highly sensitive, accurate and specific method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of nalbuphine, and particularly for drug monitoring in neonates born from mothers treated with nalbuphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Nicolle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rop PP, Grimaldi F, Burle J, De Saint Leger MN, Viala A. Determination of 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine in plasma, whole blood and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 661:245-53. [PMID: 7894664 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
6-Monoacetylmorphine and morphine were determined simultaneously in plasma, whole blood and urine, after solid-phase extraction, by high-performance liquid chromatography using amperometric detection at 600 mV oxidation potential. The recoveries ranged from 92 to 99%. The reproducibility study indicated that the coefficients of variation were less than 11% for morphine and 12.4% for 6-monoacetylmorphine. The determination limits were 1 ng/ml for morphine and 4 ng/ml for 6-monoacetylmorphine. The method had a good selectivity towards opiate and nonopiate analgesics and other drugs. The stability of the analytes in methanol (standard solutions), in samples (plasma, whole blood and urine) at -20 degrees C and at 20 degrees C, and in samples after enzymatic hydrolysis at 37 degrees C, was also studied. For sample containing 6-monoacetylmorphine, inadequate storage or hydrolysis could lead to overestimation of morphine or its conjugates. The technique described can be applied for the study of the pharmacokinetics of heroin; it is also available for forensic toxicology to distinguish heroin use from medical prescription of morphine and other opiate drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Rop
- Laboratoire Interrégional de Police Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barrett DA, Shaw PN. A Stability Indicating HPLC Assay for Diamorphine in Aqueous Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- M K Leung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York/Old Westbury 11568-0210
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gerostamoulos J, Crump K, McIntyre IM, Drummer OH. Simultaneous determination of 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine and codeine in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with combined ultraviolet and electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 617:152-6. [PMID: 8376530 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the simultaneous determination of 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), morphine and codeine in post-mortem urine specimens using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection. The limits of detection for a 1-ml urine sample were 0.04 mg/l for 6-MAM and 0.05 mg/l for both morphine and codeine. The presence of 6-MAM in urine indicates prior use of heroin and enables differentiation between morphine- and heroin-related deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gerostamoulos
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Pathology, Monash University, South Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hartley R, Green M, Quinn M, Levene MI. Analysis of morphine and its 3- and 6-glucuronides by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection following solid phase extraction from neonatal plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 1993; 7:34-7. [PMID: 8431678 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and simple to operate high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide in plasma is described. The drug and its metabolites were extracted from plasma using commercially available reversed phase octylsilane bonded silica columns (1 mL Bond Elut C8, 50 mg). Chromatographic separation of morphine and its metabolites was achieved using a mobile phase, consisting of 2 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate in 0.05% phosphoric acid:acetonitrile (71.5:28.5 by volume), at a flow-rate of 1.2 mL/min, in conjunction with a Waters Nova-Pak C18 column (300 x 3.9 mm). The analytical column was used in combination with a Guard-Pak module containing a Nova-Pak C18 Guard-Pak insert. Using fluorescence detection (excitation 245 nm, emission 335 nm), plasma levels in the region of 5-10 micrograms/L for the drug and its metabolites can be detected with only 200 microL of plasma. The method has been applied to studies of the disposition of morphine and its metabolites in premature neonates requiring mechanical ventilation who were receiving the drug intravenously; preliminary findings in patients at steady state are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hartley
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|