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Gao Y, Qiu Y, Lu S. Genetically Predicted Sleep Traits and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38818872 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies suggest a potential association between sleep characteristics, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and sudden SNHL (SSNHL), but causal evidence is scarce. We sought to clarify this issue using two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as primary analysis to assess bidirectional causal associations between sleep traits (chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and snoring) and SNHL/SSNHL using publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies summary data from two large consortia (UK Biobank and FinnGen). Sensitivity analyses, including Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, weight median, Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out analysis, and potential pleiotropy analysis, were conducted to ensure robustness. RESULTS IVW analysis found suggestive associations of morning chronotype (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.16, p = 0.031) and daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.24-2.87, p = 0.003) with SNHL onset. Additionally, morning chronotype was nominally associated with SSNHL onset using IVW method (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.10-1.71, p = 0.006). However, there was no evidence for the causal effect of SNHL and SSNHL on different sleep traits (all p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. CONCLUSION Within the MR limitations, morning chronotype and daytime sleepiness were underlying causal contributors to the burden of SNHL, indicating that optimal sleep might facilitate the prevention and development of SNHL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Creber NJ, Eastwood HT, Hampson AJ, O'Leary SJ. Cochlear implant surgery facilitates intracochlear distribution of perioperative systemic steroids. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:647-654. [PMID: 37603289 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2241877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemically administered steroids are widely utilised for hearing preservation therapies. More recently, steroids have been administered to achieve hearing protection after cochlear implant surgery. Currently there is a lack of understanding as to which administration route offers most therapeutic efficacy, local or systemic administration. Paramount to this are observations in animal studies that systemic administration following implantation offers hearing protection and reduced cochlear fibrosis, despite observations that perilymphatic levels are up to 10-fold higher after local administration in non-implanted cochleae. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This paper explores the impact that cochlear implantation and associated acute inflammation has on steroid distribution and uptake following systemic administration of dexamethasone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight guinea pigs received systemic dexamethasone 60 min prior to cochlear implantation. Implanted and contralateral non-implanted cochlea were harvested for tissue immunohistochemistry and detection of dexamethasone. RESULTS Cochleostomy with scala tympani implantation resulted in a significant increase in cochlear dexamethasone signal. This was most notable at the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and blood product in the scala tympani. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that the inner ear distribution of systemically administered steroids is enhanced following surgery for cochlear implantation and provides rationale for systemic perioperative steroids in hearing preservation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Creber
- Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayden T Eastwood
- Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy J Hampson
- Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J O'Leary
- Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Matsui H, Lopez IA, Ishiyama G, Ishiyama A. Immunohistochemical localization of glucocorticoid receptors in the human cochlea. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148301. [PMID: 36868509 PMCID: PMC10521330 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the localization of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) in the human inner ear using immunohistochemistry. Celloidin-embedded cochlear sections of patients with normal hearing (n = 5), patients diagnosed with MD (n = 5), and noise induced hearing loss (n = 5) were immunostained using GCR rabbit affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies and secondary fluorescent or HRP labeled antibodies. Digital fluorescent images were acquired using a light sheet laser confocal microscope. In celloidin-embedded sections GCR-IF was present in the cell nuclei of hair cells and supporting cells of the organ of Corti. GCR-IF was detected in cell nuclei of the Reisner's membrane. GCR-IF was seen in cell nuclei of the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament. GCR-IF was found in the spiral ganglia cell nuclei, however, spiral ganglia neurons showed no GCR-IF. Although GCRs were found in most cell nuclei of the cochlea, the intensity of IF was differential among the different cell types being more intense in supporting cells than in sensory hair cells. The differential expression of GCR receptors found in the human cochlea may help to understand the site of action of glucocorticoids in different ear diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirooki Matsui
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology. David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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4
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Chien CY, Tai SY, Li KH, Yang HL, Wang LF, Ho KY, Chang NC. Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) genetic polymorphisms and the outcomes of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:13. [PMID: 36782309 PMCID: PMC9926839 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) encodes the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind. Steroids in either oral, intratympanic, or intravascular forms are the treatment of choice for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), but the outcome varies. The outcomes of SSNHL have been investigated for related factors, including age, initial hearing loss severity and pattern, vertigo, genetic variations, and the time between onset and treatment. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of genetic polymorphisms of NR3C1 with the outcomes of SSNHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comparison study of 93 cases with a poor outcome (control) and 100 cases with a good outcome (case) in SSNHL patients. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected. The genotypes were determined using TaqMan technology. RESULTS The heterozygous AT genotype of rs17100289 was associated with a poor outcome in comparison with the major homozygous AA genotype after adjustments for age and sex (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.26-0.95; P = 0.035) in SSNHL patients. The CT genotype of rs4912912 was also associated with a poor outcome compared with the major homozygous TT genotype after the adjustments (OR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.24-0.92; P = 0.026). CONCLUSION These results suggest that NR3C1 genetic polymorphisms may influence the outcomes of SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Chien
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Tai
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.415007.70000 0004 0477 6869Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hui Li
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ling Yang
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Feng Wang
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Yao Ho
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Chia Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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5
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Marchetta P, Eckert P, Lukowski R, Ruth P, Singer W, Rüttiger L, Knipper M. Loss of central mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptors impacts auditory nerve processing in the cochlea. iScience 2022; 25:103981. [PMID: 35281733 PMCID: PMC8914323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The key auditory signature that may associate peripheral hearing with central auditory cognitive defects remains elusive. Suggesting the involvement of stress receptors, we here deleted the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors (MR and GR) using a CaMKIIα-based tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2/loxP approach to generate mice with single or double deletion of central but not cochlear MR and GR. Hearing thresholds of MRGRCaMKIIαCreERT2 conditional knockouts (cKO) were unchanged, whereas auditory nerve fiber (ANF) responses were larger and faster and auditory steady state responses were improved. Subsequent analysis of single MR or GR cKO revealed discrete roles for both, central MR and GR on cochlear functions. Limbic MR deletion reduced inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon numbers and ANF responses. In contrast, GR deletion shortened the latency and improved the synchronization to amplitude-modulated tones without affecting IHC ribbon numbers. These findings imply that stress hormone-dependent functions of central MR/GR contribute to “precognitive” sound processing in the cochlea. Top-down MR/GR signaling differentially contributes to cochlear sound processing Limbic MR stimulates auditory nerve fiber discharge rates Central GR deteriorates auditory nerve fiber synchrony
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine Marchetta
- University of Tübingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Eckert
- University of Tübingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wibke Singer
- University of Tübingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- University of Tübingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- University of Tübingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Wang Y, Gao G, Wang L, Ma X, Yu L, Ye F. Association Between the Number of Intratympanic Steroid Injections and Hearing Recovery in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Neurol 2022; 12:798569. [PMID: 34970216 PMCID: PMC8712747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.798569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of intratympanic (IT) steroid injection varies from once daily to once weekly or less among studies and does not reach a uniform standard. This study investigated the potential association between the number of IT steroid injections and hearing recovery to determine the optimal number in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients. A retrospective study involving 233 SSNHL patients receiving IT steroids plus batroxobin within 7 days of onset was performed. Patients were followed up for 3 months. More than 15 dB of HL improvement in the pretreatment pure tone average (PTA) was defined as effective. The effective group had a higher IT injection numbers than the ineffective group (≥ 6 times: 84.6 vs. 61.1, p < 0.001). Regardless of the unadjusted model or adjusted model, patients who received more frequent IT steroid injections seemed more likely to recover hearing (unadjusted model, OR, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.06-1.48; p = 0.007; adjusted model, OR, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.01-1.45; p = 0.044). Six IT injections had the highest rate of hearing recovery (79.1%). In conclusion, IT injection number was an independent factor that was positively associated with hearing recovery, and the optimal number of IT steroid injections was 6. Batroxobin plus higher number of IT steroid injections showed more effective for treating SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixu Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanglei Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
Emotional stress has accompanied humans since the dawn of time and has played an essential role not only in positive selection and adaptation to an ever-changing environment, but also in the acceleration or even initiation of many illnesses. The three main somatic mechanisms induced by stress are the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), the sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, and the immune axis. In this chapter, the stress-induced mechanisms that can affect cochlear physiology are presented and discussed in the context of tinnitus generation and auditory neurobiology. It is concluded that all of the presented mechanisms need to be further investigated. It is advised that clinical practitioners ask patients about stressful events or chronic stress preceding the tinnitus onset and measure the vital signs. Finally, taking into account that tinnitus itself acts as a stressor, the implementation of anti-stress therapies for tinnitus treatment is recommended.
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8
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Evaluating the Efficacy of L-N-acetylcysteine and Dexamethasone in Combination to Provide Otoprotection for Electrode Insertion Trauma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030716. [PMID: 32155788 PMCID: PMC7141216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrode insertion trauma (EIT) during cochlear implantation (CI) can cause loss of residual hearing. L-N-acetylcysteine (L-NAC) and dexamethasone (Dex) have been individually shown to provide otoprotection albeit at higher concentrations that may be associated with adverse effects. Objective/Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether L-NAC and Dex could be combined to decrease their effective dosage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The organ of Corti (OC) explants were divided into various groups: 1) control; 2) EIT; 3) EIT treated with different concentrations of Dex; 4) EIT treated with different concentrations of L-NAC; 5) EIT treated with L-NAC and Dex in combination. Hair cell (HC) density, levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) was determined. RESULTS There was a significant loss of HCs in explants subjected to EIT compared to the control group. L-NAC and Dex in combination was able to provide significant otoprotection at lower concentrations compared to individual drugs. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE A combination containing L-NAC and Dex is effective in protecting sensory cells at lower protective doses than each compound separately. These compounds can be combined allowing a decrease of potential side effects of each compound and providing significant otoprotection for EIT.
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9
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The impact of phlebotomy and hydroxyurea on survival and risk of thrombosis among older patients with polycythemia vera. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2681-2690. [PMID: 30333100 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend therapeutic phlebotomy for all polycythemia vera (PV) patients and additional cytoreductive therapy (eg, hydroxyurea [HU]) for high-risk PV patients. Little is known about the impact of these therapies in the real-world setting. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of older adults diagnosed with PV from 2007 to 2013 using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of phlebotomy and HU on overall survival (OS) and the occurrence of thrombotic events. Of 820 PV patients (median age = 77 years), 16.3% received neither phlebotomy nor HU, 23.0% were managed with phlebotomy only, 19.6% with HU only, and 41.1% with both treatments. After a median follow-up of 2.83 years, 37.2% (n = 305) of the patients died. Phlebotomy (yes/no; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.81; P < .01), increasing phlebotomy intensity (HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.79; P < .01), and a higher proportion of days covered (PDC) by HU were all significantly associated with lower mortality. When thrombosis was the outcome of interest, phlebotomy (yes/no; HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.42-0.66; P < .01) and increasing phlebotomy intensity (HR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.74; P < .01) were significantly associated with a lower risk of thrombotic events, so was a higher HU PDC. In this population-based study of older adults with PV reflecting contemporary clinical practice, phlebotomy and HU were associated with improved OS and decreased risk of thrombosis. However, both treatment modalities were underused in this cohort of older PV patients.
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10
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Pérez-Valenzuela C, Terreros G, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Effects of stress on the auditory system: an approach to study a common origin for mood disorders and dementia. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:317-324. [PMID: 30205652 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of stress is a fundamental piece to understand how organisms can adapt to the demands produced by a continuously changing environment. However, modern lifestyle subjects humans to high levels of negative stress or distress, which increases the prevalence of mental illnesses. Definitely, stress has become the pandemic of the 21st century, a fact that demands a great intellectual effort from scientists to understand the neurobiology of stress. This review proposes an innovative point of view to understand that mood disorders and dementia have a common etiology in a stressful environment. We propose that distress produces sensory deprivation, and this interferes with the connection between the brain and the environment in which the subject lives. The auditory system can serve as an example to understand this idea. In this sense, distress impairs the auditory system and induces hearing loss or presbycusis at an early age; this can increase the cognitive load in stressed people, which can stimulate the development of dementia in them. On the other hand, distress impairs the auditory system and increases the excitability of the amygdala, a limbic structure involved in the emotional processing of sounds. A consequence of these alterations could be the increase in the persistence of auditory fear memory, which could increase the development of mood disorders. Finally, it is important to emphasize that stress is an evolutionary issue that is necessary to understand the mental health of humans in these modern times. This article is a contribution to this discussion and will provide insights into the origin of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Terreros
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.,Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago, Chile
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11
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Bielefeld EC, Kobel MJ. Advances and Challenges in Pharmaceutical Therapies to Prevent and Repair Cochlear Injuries From Noise. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:285. [PMID: 31297051 PMCID: PMC6607696 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise induces a broad spectrum of pathological injuries to the cochlea, reflecting both mechanical damage to the delicate architecture of the structures of the organ of Corti and metabolic damage within the organ of Corti and lateral wall tissues. Unlike ototoxic medications, the blood-labyrinth barrier does not offer protection against noise injury. The blood-labyrinth barrier is a target of noise injury, and can be weakened as part of the metabolic pathologies in the cochlea. However, it also offers a potential for therapeutic intervention with oto-protective compounds. Because the blood-labyrinth barrier is weakened by noise, penetration of blood-borne oto-protective compounds could be higher. However, systemic dosing for cochlear protection from noise offers other significant challenges. An alternative option to systemic dosing is local administration to the cochlea through the round window membrane using a variety of drug delivery techniques. The review will discuss noise-induced cochlear pathology, including alterations to the blood-labyrinth barrier, and then transition into discussing approaches for delivery of oto-protective compounds to reduce cochlear injury from noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Bielefeld
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Megan J Kobel
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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12
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13
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Sarlus H, Fontana JM, Tserga E, Meltser I, Cederroth CR, Canlon B. Circadian integration of inflammation and glucocorticoid actions: Implications for the cochlea. Hear Res 2019; 377:53-60. [PMID: 30908966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Auditory function has been shown to be influenced by the circadian system. Increasing evidence point towards the regulation of inflammation and glucocorticoid actions by circadian rhythms in the cochlea. Yet, how these three systems (circadian, immune and endocrine) converge to control auditory function remains to be established. Here we review the knowledge on immune and glucocorticoid actions, and how they interact with the circadian and the auditory system, with a particular emphasis on cochlear responses to noise trauma. We propose a multimodal approach to understand the mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss by integrating the circadian, immune and endocrine systems into the bearings of the cochlea. Considering the well-established positive impact of chronotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of cardiovascular, asthma and cancer, an increased knowledge on the mechanisms where circadian, immune and glucocorticoids meet in the cochlea may improve current treatments against hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heela Sarlus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
| | - Jacopo Maria Fontana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Tserga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Inna Meltser
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Canlon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
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Podoltsev NA, Zhu M, Zeidan AM, Wang R, Wang X, Davidoff AJ, Huntington SF, Giri S, Gore SD, Ma X. Impact of Hydroxyurea on Survival and Risk of Thrombosis Among Older Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019; 17:211-219. [DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Current guidelines recommend hydroxyurea (HU) as frontline therapy for patients with high-risk essential thrombocythemia (ET) to prevent thrombosis. However, little is known about the impact of HU on thrombosis or survival among these patients in the real-world setting. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of older adults (aged ≥66 years) diagnosed with ET from 2007 through 2013 using the linked SEER-Medicare database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the effect of HU on overall survival, and multivariable competing risk models were used to assess the effect of HU on the occurrence of thrombotic events. Results: Of 1,010 patients, 745 (73.8%) received HU. Treatment with HU was associated with a significantly lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.64; P<.01). Every 10% increase in HU proportion of days covered was associated with a 12% decreased risk of death (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86–0.91; P<.01). Compared with nonusers, HU users also had a significantly lower risk of thrombotic events (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41–0.64; P<.01). Conclusions: Although underused in our study population, HU was associated with a reduced incidence of thrombotic events and improved overall survival in older patients with ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A. Podoltsev
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Mengxin Zhu
- bDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- cYale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center; and
| | - Amer M. Zeidan
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Rong Wang
- bDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- cYale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center; and
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- bDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- cYale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center; and
| | - Amy J. Davidoff
- cYale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center; and
- dDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Scott F. Huntington
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine
- cYale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center; and
| | - Smith Giri
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Steven D. Gore
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- bDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- cYale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center; and
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15
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Creber NJ, Eastwood HT, Hampson AJ, Tan J, O'Leary SJ. A comparison of cochlear distribution and glucocorticoid receptor activation in local and systemic dexamethasone drug delivery regimes. Hear Res 2018; 368:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Lewis MA, Buniello A, Hilton JM, Zhu F, Zhang WI, Evans S, van Dongen S, Enright AJ, Steel KP. Exploring regulatory networks of miR-96 in the developing inner ear. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23363. [PMID: 26988146 PMCID: PMC4796898 DOI: 10.1038/srep23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microRNA Mir96 cause deafness in mice and humans. In the diminuendo mouse, which carries a single base pair change in the seed region of miR-96, the sensory hair cells crucial for hearing fail to develop fully and retain immature characteristics, suggesting that miR-96 is important for coordinating hair cell maturation. Our previous transcriptional analyses show that many genes are misregulated in the diminuendo inner ear and we report here further misregulated genes. We have chosen three complementary approaches to explore potential networks controlled by miR-96 using these transcriptional data. Firstly, we used regulatory interactions manually curated from the literature to construct a regulatory network incorporating our transcriptional data. Secondly, we built a protein-protein interaction network using the InnateDB database. Thirdly, gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify gene sets in which the misregulated genes are enriched. We have identified several candidates for mediating some of the expression changes caused by the diminuendo mutation, including Fos, Myc, Trp53 and Nr3c1, and confirmed our prediction that Fos is downregulated in diminuendo homozygotes. Understanding the pathways regulated by miR-96 could lead to potential therapeutic targets for treating hearing loss due to perturbation of any component of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Fei Zhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William I Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stephanie Evans
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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17
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Kuthubutheen J, Smith L, Hwang E, Lin V. Preoperative steroids for hearing preservation cochlear implantation: A review. Cochlear Implants Int 2016; 17:63-74. [PMID: 26913646 DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2016.1148319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative steroids have been shown to be beneficial in reducing the hearing loss associated with cochlear implantation. This review article discusses the mechanism of action, effects of differing routes of administration, and side effects of steroids administered to the inner ear. Studies on the role of preoperative steroids in animal and human studies are also examined and future directions for research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafri Kuthubutheen
- a Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Ontario , Canada.,b Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , School of Surgery, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Leah Smith
- a Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Ontario , Canada
| | - Euna Hwang
- a Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Ontario , Canada
| | - Vincent Lin
- a Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Ontario , Canada
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18
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Sun C, Wang X, Chen D, Lin X, Yu D, Wu H. Dexamethasone loaded nanoparticles exert protective effects against Cisplatin-induced hearing loss by systemic administration. Neurosci Lett 2016; 619:142-8. [PMID: 26971701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ototoxicity is one of the most important adverse effects of cisplatin chemotherapy. As a common treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss, systemic administration of steroids was demonstrated ineffective against cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL) in published studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of dexamethasone (DEX) encapsulated in polyethyleneglycol-coated polylactic acid (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (DEX-NPs) against cisplatin-induced hearing loss following systemic administration. DEX was fabricated into PEG-PLA nanoparticles using emulsion and evaporation technique as previously reported. DEX or DEX-NPs was administered intraperitoneally to guinea pigs 1h before cisplatin administration. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were measured at four frequencies (4, 8, 16, and 24kHz) 1 day before and three days after cisplatin injection. Cochlear morphology was examined to evaluate inner ear injury induced by cisplatin exposure. A single dose of DEX-NPs 1h before cisplatin treatment resulted in a significant preservation of the functional and structural properties of the cochlea, which was equivalent to the effect of multidose (3 days) DEX injection. In contrast, no significant protective effect was observed by single dose injection of DEX. The results of histological examination of the cochleae were consistent with the functional measurements. In conclusion, a single dose DEX-NPs significantly attenuated cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs after systemic administration at both histological and functional levels indicating the potential therapeutic benefits of these nanoparticles for enhancing the delivery of DEX in acute sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongye Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai 200092, China.
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19
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Bao J, Hungerford M, Luxmore R, Ding D, Qiu Z, Lei D, Yang A, Liang R, Ohlemiller KK. Prophylactic and therapeutic functions of drug combinations against noise-induced hearing loss. Hear Res 2013; 304:33-40. [PMID: 23792074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Noise is the most common occupational and environmental hazard. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing deficit, after age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). Although promising approaches have been identified for reducing NIHL, currently there are no effective medications to prevent NIHL. Development of an efficacious treatment has been hampered by the complex array of cellular and molecular pathways involved in NIHL. We turned this difficulty into an advantage by asking whether NIHL could be effectively prevented by targeting multiple signaling pathways with a combination of drugs already approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We previously found that antiepileptic drugs blocking T-type calcium channels had both prophylactic and therapeutic effects for NIHL. NIHL can also be reduced by an up-regulation of glucocorticoid (GC) signaling pathways. Based on these findings, we tested a combination therapy for NIHL that included ethosuximide and zonisamide (anticonvulsants) and dexamethasone and methylprednisolone (synthetic GCs) in mice under exposure conditions typically associated with dramatic permanent threshold shifts (PTS). We first examined possible prophylactic effects for each drug when administered alone 2 h before noise, and calculated the median effective dose (ED50). We then tested for synergistic effects of two-drug combinations (anticonvulsant + GC), and identified combinations with the strongest synergy against NIHL, based on a previously established combination index (CI) metric. We repeated similar tests to determine their therapeutic effects when administered the same drugs 24 h after the noise exposure. Our study shows the feasibility of developing pharmacological intervention in multiple pathways, and discovering drug combinations with optimal synergistic effects in preventing permanent NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Aging, Washington University School of Medicine, 4560 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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20
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Kil SH, Kalinec F. Expression and dexamethasone-induced nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in guinea pig cochlear cells. Hear Res 2013; 299:63-78. [PMID: 23403298 PMCID: PMC3633732 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are powerful anti-inflammatory agents frequently used to protect the auditory organ against damage associated with a variety of conditions, including noise exposure and ototoxic drugs as well as bacterial and viral infections. In addition to glucocorticoid receptors (GC-R), natural and synthetic GC are known to bind mineralocorticoid receptors (MC-R) with great affinity. We used light and laser scanning confocal microscopy to investigate the expression of GC-R and MC-R in different cell populations of the guinea pig cochlea, and their translocation to different cell compartments after treatment with the synthetic GC dexamethasone. We found expression of both types of receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus of sensory inner and outer hair cells as well as pillar, Hensen and Deiters cells in the organ of Corti, inner and outer sulcus cells, spiral ganglion neurons and several types of spiral ligament and spiral limbus cells; stria vascularis cells expressed mostly MC-R whereas fibrocytes type IV were positive for GC-R only. GC-R and MC-R were also localized at or near the plasma membrane of pillar cells and outer hair cells, whereas GC-R were found at or near the plasma membrane of Hensen cells only. We investigated the relative levels of receptor expression in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of Hensen cells treated with dexamethasone, and found they varied in a way suggestive of dose-induced translocation. These results suggest that the oto-protective effects of GC could be associated with the concerted activation of genomic and non-genomic, GC-R and MC-R mediated signaling pathways in different regions of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Kil
- Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90057, USA
| | - Federico Kalinec
- Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90057, USA
- Departments of Cell & Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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21
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Dagnino-Subiabre A, Pérez MÁ, Terreros G, Cheng MY, House P, Sapolsky R. Corticosterone treatment impairs auditory fear learning and the dendritic morphology of the rat inferior colliculus. Hear Res 2012; 294:104-13. [PMID: 23088831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress leads to secretion of the adrenal steroid hormone corticosterone (CORT). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic CORT administration on auditory and visual fear conditioning. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received CORT (400 mg/ml) in their drinking water for 10 consecutive days; this treatment induces stress levels of serum CORT. CORT impaired fear conditioning (F((1,28)) = 11.52, p < 0.01) and extinction (F((1,28)) = 4.86, p < 0.05) of auditory fear learning, but did not affect visual fear conditioning. In addition, we analyzed the CORT effects on the neuronal morphology of the inferior colliculus (flat neurons, auditory mesencephalon, a key brain area for auditory processing) and superior colliculus (wide-field neurons, related to visual processing) by Golgi stain. CORT decreased dendritic arborization of inferior colliculus neurons by approximately 50%, but did not affect superior colliculus neurons. Thus, CORT had more deleterious effects on the auditory fear processing than the visual system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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22
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Mazurek B, Haupt H, Olze H, Szczepek AJ. Stress and tinnitus-from bedside to bench and back. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:47. [PMID: 22701404 PMCID: PMC3371598 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to focus the attention of clinicians and basic researchers on the association between psycho-social stress and tinnitus. Although tinnitus is an auditory symptom, its onset and progression often associates with emotional strain. Recent epidemiological studies have provided evidence for a direct relationship between the emotional status of subjects and tinnitus. In addition, studies of function, morphology, and gene and protein expression in the auditory system of animals exposed to stress support the notion that the emotional status can influence the auditory system. The data provided by clinical and basic research with use of animal stress models offers valuable clues for an improvement in diagnosis and more effective treatment of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mazurek
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte Berlin, Germany
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23
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Kraus KS, Canlon B. Neuronal connectivity and interactions between the auditory and limbic systems. Effects of noise and tinnitus. Hear Res 2012; 288:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Distribution of glucocorticoid receptors and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms in the rat inner ear. Hear Res 2011; 280:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Church MW, Adams BR, Anumba JI, Jackson DA, Kruger ML, Jen KLC. Repeated antenatal corticosteroid treatments adversely affect neural transmission time and auditory thresholds in laboratory rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 34:196-205. [PMID: 21963399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antenatal corticosteroid (AC) treatment is given to pregnant women at risk for preterm birth to reduce infant morbidity and mortality by enhancing lung and brain maturation. However, there is no accepted regimen on how frequently AC treatments should be given and some studies found that repeated AC treatments can cause growth retardation and brain damage. Our goal was to assess the dose-dependent effects of repeated AC treatment and estimate the critical number of AC courses to cause harmful effects on the auditory brainstem response (ABR), a sensitive measure of brain development, neural transmission and hearing loss. We hypothesized that repeated AC treatment would have harmful effects on the offspring's ABRs and growth only if more than 3 AC treatment courses were given. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Wistar rats were given either a high regimen of AC (HAC), a moderate regimen (MAC), a low regimen (LAC), or saline (SAL). An untreated control (CON) group was also used. Simulating the clinical condition, the HAC dams received 0.2mg/kg Betamethasone (IM) twice daily for 6 days during gestation days (GD) 17-22. The MAC dams received 3 days of AC treatment followed by 3 days of saline treatment on GD 17-19 and GD 20-22, respectively. The LAC dams received 1 day of AC treatment followed by 5 days of saline treatment on GD 17 and GD 18-22, respectively. The SAL dams received 6 days of saline treatment from GD 17 to 22 (twice daily, isovolumetric to the HAC injections, IM). The offspring were ABR-tested on postnatal day 24. Results indicated that the ABR's P4 latencies (neural transmission time) were significantly prolonged (worse) in the HAC pups and that ABR's thresholds were significantly elevated (worse) in the HAC and MAC pups when compared to the CON pups. The HAC and MAC pups were also growth retarded and had higher postnatal mortality than the CON pups. The SAL and LAC pups showed little or no adverse effects. In conclusion, repeated AC treatment had harmful effects on the rat offspring's ABRs, postnatal growth and survival. The prolonged ABR latencies reflect slowed neural transmission times along the auditory nerve and brainstem auditory pathway. The elevated ABR thresholds reflect hearing deficits. We concluded that repeated AC treatment can have harmful neurological, sensory and developmental effects on the rat offspring. These effects should be considered when weighing the benefits and risks of repeated AC treatment and when monitoring and managing the prenatally exposed child for possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Church
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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26
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Meltser I, Canlon B. Protecting the auditory system with glucocorticoids. Hear Res 2011; 281:47-55. [PMID: 21718769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are hormones released following stress-related events and function to maintain homeostasis. Glucocorticoid receptors localize, among others, to hair cells, spiral ligament and spiral ganglion neurons. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced protection against acoustic trauma is found by i) pretreatment with glucocorticoid agonists; ii) acute restraint stress; and iii) sound conditioning. In contrast, glucocorticoid receptor antagonists exacerbate hearing loss. These findings have important clinical significance since synthetic glucocorticoids are commonly used to treat hearing loss. However, this treatment has limited success since hearing improvement is often not maintained once the treatment has ended, a fact that reduces the overall appeal for this treatment. It must be realized that despite the widespread use of glucocorticoids to treat hearing disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying this treatment are not well characterized. This review will give insight into some physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid treatment for preventing hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Meltser
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Horie RT, Sakamoto T, Nakagawa T, Ishihara T, Higaki M, Ito J. Stealth-nanoparticle strategy for enhancing the efficacy of steroids in mice with noise-induced hearing loss. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 5:1331-40. [PMID: 21128717 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of encapsulating steroids, which is a primary choice for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss, in polyethylene glycol-coated polylactic acid nanoparticles for drug delivery to the cochlea. MATERIALS & METHODS We prepared polyethylene glycol-coated polylactic acid nanoparticles encapsulating rhodamine or betamethasone phosphate (BP), and administered them systemically to CBA/N mice previously exposed to intense noise. We assessed nanoparticle distribution using rhodamine fluorescence, BP concentrations in tissues, nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors and the function and histology of the mouse cochleae. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Polyethylene glycol-coated polylactic acid nanoparticles delivered BP to cochleae over a sustained period, resulting in significant reductions in histological and functional damage to cochleae and indicating the potential therapeutic benefits of these nanoparticles for enhancing the delivery of BP in acute sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie T Horie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kawaharacho 54, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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29
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Haake SM, Dinh CT, Chen S, Eshraghi AA, Van De Water TR. Dexamethasone protects auditory hair cells against TNFα-initiated apoptosis via activation of PI3K/Akt and NFκB signaling. Hear Res 2009; 255:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Jin DX, Lin Z, Lei D, Bao J. The role of glucocorticoids for spiral ganglion neuron survival. Brain Res 2009; 1277:3-11. [PMID: 19233145 PMCID: PMC2700197 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, which are steroidal stress hormones, have a broad array of biological functions. Synthetic glucocorticoids are frequently used therapeutically for many pathologic conditions, including diseases of the inner ear; however, their exact functions in the cochlea are not completely understood. Recent work has clearly demonstrated the presence of glucocorticoid signaling pathways in the cochlea and elucidated their protective roles against noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, indirect evidence suggests the involvement of glucocorticoids in age-related loss of spiral ganglion neurons and extensive studies in the central nervous system demonstrate profound effects of glucocorticoids on neuronal functions. With the advancement of recent pharmacologic and genetic tools, the role of these pathways in the survival of spiral ganglion neurons after noise exposure and during aging should be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Xu Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Debin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Jianxin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
- Center for Aging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
- The Division of Biology & Biomedical Science and Neuroscience Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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31
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Hormones and the auditory system: A review of physiology and pathophysiology. Neuroscience 2008; 153:881-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Furze A, Kralick D, Vakharia A, Jaben K, Graves R, Adil E, Eshraghi AA, Balkany TJ, Van de Water TR. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone do not inhibit neuritic outgrowth while inhibiting outgrowth of fibroblasts from spiral ganglion explants. Acta Otolaryngol 2008; 128:122-7. [PMID: 17851911 DOI: 10.1080/00016480701390128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone do not inhibit neuritic outgrowth while inhibiting fibroblastic outgrowth from spiral ganglion micro-explants. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate reduced fibroblastic outgrowth while maintaining neurite outgrowth for several corticosteroids using an in vitro test system of neonatal rat spiral ganglion micro-explants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro test system comprised 3-day-old rat spiral ganglion micro-explants. Dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone acetonide, and human recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (hrBDNF) were tested in vitro. The control was ganglion micro-explants in supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Areas of the ganglion explant, neurite and fibroblast outgrowth of ganglion explants after 10 days in vitro were imaged, digitized, and analyzed using Image Tool 3.00 on a PC workstation. Areas of neurite and fibroblast outgrowth from the experimental explants were compared against values obtained from control explants. RESULTS Dexamethasone gave the best result of the three corticosteroids tested for inhibiting fibroblast outgrowth while not inhibiting neurite outgrowth from the ganglion micro-explants. Media containing hrBDNF (10 ng/ml) stimulated significantly greater neurite outgrowth than outgrowth from control explants (p < 0.001). Ganglion micro-explants treated with dexamethasone (0.02 mg/ml) and methylprednisolone (0.5 mg/ml) provided the greatest inhibition of fibroblast outgrowth compared with control explants (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Furze
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Ear Institute, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Le Prell CG, Yamashita D, Minami SB, Yamasoba T, Miller JM. Mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss indicate multiple methods of prevention. Hear Res 2007; 226:22-43. [PMID: 17141991 PMCID: PMC1995566 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown the essential role of reduced blood flow and free radical formation in the cochlea in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The amount, distribution, and time course of free radical formation have been defined, including a clinically significant late formation 7-10 days following noise exposure, and one mechanism underlying noise-induced reduction in cochlear blood flow has finally been identified. These new insights have led to the formulation of new hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms of NIHL; and, from these, we have identified interventions that prevent NIHL, even with treatment onset delayed up to 3 days post-noise. It is essential to now assess the additive effects of agents intervening at different points in the cell death pathway to optimize treatment efficacy. Finding safe and effective interventions that attenuate NIHL will provide a compelling scientific rationale to justify human trials to eliminate this single major cause of acquired hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Le Prell
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 East Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA.
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35
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Tahera Y, Meltser I, Johansson P, Hansson AC, Canlon B. Glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-kappa B interactions in restraint stress-mediated protection against acoustic trauma. Endocrinology 2006; 147:4430-7. [PMID: 16777974 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the protective effect of restraint stress (RS) before acoustic trauma was studied in spiral ganglion neurons of CBA mice. RS increased corticosterone and protected against elevated auditory brain stem thresholds caused by acoustic trauma. This protection was inhibited by the pretreatment with a corticosterone synthesis inhibitor, metyrapone (MET), and a GR antagonist (RU486). RS followed by acoustic trauma caused an immediate increase in corticosterone that triggered nuclear translocation of GR, without a change in the expression of GR protein. RU486 + MET before RS and acoustic trauma caused an immediate increase in GR mRNA followed by increased GR protein expression (24 h after trauma). GR signaling was further characterized by analyzing nuclear factor-kappaB (NF kappaB) nuclear translocation and protein expression. NF kappaB nuclear translocation was reduced after acoustic trauma or pretreatment with RU486 + MET before RS and acoustic trauma. On the contrary, RS protected against the trauma-induced NF kappaB reduction of its nuclear translocation in inhibitory-kappaB (I kappaB)-dependent manner. RU486 + MET caused a simultaneous decreased I kappaB expression and NF kappaB nuclear translocation, demonstrating an interference with the I kappaB-mediated activation of NF kappaB. In summary, RS protects the cochlea from acoustic trauma by increasing corticosterone and activating GRs. These results emphasis how GR activity modulates hearing sensitivity and its importance for the rationale use of glucocorticoids in inner ear diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Tahera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Guzman J, Ruiz J, Eshraghi AA, Polak M, Garnham C, Balkany TJ, Van de Water TR. Triamcinolone acetonide protects auditory hair cells from 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) ototoxicity in vitro. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126:685-90. [PMID: 16803705 DOI: 10.1080/00016480500492018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Triamcinolone acetonide crystalline suspension (e.g. Volon A) was not ototoxic to the auditory hair cells present within organ of Corti explants and protected them from an ototoxic molecule, i.e. 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE), that is produced within the organ of Corti as a result of oxidative stress-induced damage. OBJECTIVES To test the corticosteroid, triamcinolone acetonide, for ototoxicity and otoprotective capacity in organ of Corti explants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organ of Corti explants excised from 4-day-old rats were the test system, HNE was the ototoxin challenge. Hair cell integrity counts were performed with fluorescent microscopy on fixed explants stained with FITC-labeled phalloidin. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS Triamcinolone acetonide did not affect hair cell integrity in the organ of Corti explants and it provided a high level of protection of hair cells against the ototoxic effects of a damaging level of HNE as determined by hair cell density counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guzman
- University of Miami Ear Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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37
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Abstract
Hypoxia/ischemia may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sensorineural tinnitus due to the characteristics of the cochlear blood supply. In addition, hypoxia modulates molecular processes both in the acute and chronic forms of tinnitus. Transcription factor HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor) may play a key role in the cells' adaptation to hypoxia and ischemia, while under hypoxic/ischemic conditions, HIF-1 induces changes in the gene expression which may contribute to the remodeling of particular structures within the cochlea. Disturbances in the cochlear blood supply may result in membrane changes, perineural edema, inflammation, disturbances in ion homeostasis and in the formation of reactive oxygen species. Thus, the pharmacotherapy of acute tinnitus may be aimed at the improvement of cochlear blood supply and the prevention of acute processes leading to cell damage. Pharmacotherapies with colloidal plasma substitutes, vasodilators, calcium antagonists, procaine, and cortisone have been described in the literature and are discussed here. Many of the pharmacological treatments have not been validated in double blind studies. Although it is impossible to deduce the cause of tinnitus from a drug's efficiency, there is some evidence that it can be effectively suppressed by improving blood supply, at least at certain stages. The aim is to achieve an improved pharmacotherapy by means of sophisticated diagnostic instruments for classifying particular types of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mazurek
- HNO-Klinik und Poliklinik Charité -- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte.
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38
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Abstract
Stress of some kind is encountered everyday and release of stress hormones is essential for adaptation to change. Stress can be physical (pain, noise exposure, etc.), psychological (apprehension to impending events, acoustic conditioning, etc.) or due to homeostatic disturbance (hunger, blood pressure, inner ear pressure, etc.). Persistent elevated levels of stress hormones can lead to disease states. The aim of the present review is to bring together data describing morphological or functional evidence for hormones of stress within the inner ear. The present review describes possible multiple interactions between the sympathetic and the complex feed-back neuroendocrine systems which interact with the immune system and so could contribute to various inner ear dysfunctions such as tinnitus, vertigo, hearing losses. Since there is a rapidly expanding list of genes specifically expressed within the inner ear this clearly allows for possible genomic and non-genomic local action of steroid hormones. Since stress can be encountered at any time throughout the life-time, the effects might be manifested starting from in-utero. These are avenues of research which remain relatively unexplored which merit further consideration. Progress in this domain could lead towards integration of stress concept into the overall clinical management of various inner ear pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Horner
- Equipe Inserm EMI 9902, Laboratoire d'Otologie NeuroOtologie, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Université la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille II, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Shimazaki T, Ichimiya I, Suzuki M, Mogi G. Localization of glucocorticoid receptors in the murine inner ear. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111:1133-8. [PMID: 12498377 DOI: 10.1177/000348940211101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed an immunohistochemical investigation of the distribution of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the murine inner ear and found that GRs were expressed extensively, but with various degrees of immunoreactivity in different regions. We observed the strongest GR expression in the type III fibrocytes of the spiral ligament. Although the immunoreactivity of the cochlear hair cells and of the vestibular sensory epithelia was weak, the neighboring cochlear supporting cells and the subepithelial regions of the vestibular sensory epithelia were immunostained. Staining for GRs was also positive in the spiral ganglia and vestibular ganglia, as well as in the endolymphatic sac. The role of GRs in the inner ear is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ear, Inner/chemistry
- Ear, Inner/physiology
- Ear, Inner/ultrastructure
- Endolymphatic Sac/chemistry
- Endolymphatic Sac/ultrastructure
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/chemistry
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/ultrastructure
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/analysis
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/ultrastructure
- Saccule and Utricle/chemistry
- Saccule and Utricle/ultrastructure
- Spiral Ganglion/chemistry
- Spiral Ganglion/ultrastructure
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/chemistry
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/ultrastructure
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40
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Himeno C, Komeda M, Izumikawa M, Takemura K, Yagi M, Weiping Y, Doi T, Kuriyama H, Miller JM, Yamashita T. Intra-cochlear administration of dexamethasone attenuates aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the guinea pig. Hear Res 2002; 167:61-70. [PMID: 12117531 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the attenuation of aminoglycoside ototoxicity by cochlear infusion of dexamethasone (Dex) using a microcannulation-osmotic pump delivery system. The results indicate that treating the cochlea with Dex both before and after kanamycin administration was more effective in preventing ototoxicity than Dex treatment only after kanamycin administration. A concentration of 1 ng/ml Dex showed the greatest protective effect on both kanamycin-induced threshold shift of the auditory brainstem response and outer hair cell survival. These results show that the Dex treatment attenuates both functional and structural damage of the inner ear from aminoglycoside toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Himeno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Fumizono-cho 10-15, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
Steroid, amine and peptide hormones affect the peripheral vestibular system. Vasopressin hypersensitivity of the endolymphatic sac may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease. Specific vasopressin antagonists will help define the role of vasopressin in Meniere's disease. The modulation of central vestibular pathways by neuroactive steroids may involve effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic and glutaminergic pathways. The vestibular nuclei also express enzymes that are important in the synthesis of steroids and the modulation of their activity. Steroids mediate both facilitatory and deleterious effects of stress on vestibular compensation. The quality and quantity of stressor that determines the pattern of hormonal output, may be important. Clinical observation suggests that episodic ataxia type 2, a P/Q calcium channelopathy, may be phenotypically modulated by endocrine fluctuations. Steroid hormones may affect the episodic ataxia type 2 phenotype by modulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity via second messenger systems and ion channel subunit expression. Despite evidence to support the link, the role of the endocrine system in vestibular function and disease is as yet virtually unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Seemungal
- Medical Research Council Human Movement and Balance Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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42
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Shimogori H, Yamashita H, Watanabe T, Nakamura S. A role of glucocorticoid receptors in the guinea pig vestibular system. Brain Res 1999; 851:258-60. [PMID: 10642853 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in the vestibular periphery, GR antagonist RU38486 was administered to the guinea pig inner ear by osmotic pump, and we observed post-rotatory nystagmus (PRN) changes as a marker of vestibular function. Ten days after treatment, RU38486 (1 mM) resulted in ipsilateral vestibule hyperexcitability in response to rotation stimulation. This effect was dose-dependent. These data indicate that steroid hormones may play an important role in maintaining vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimogori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan.
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43
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Lautermann J, Frank HG, Jahnke K, Traub O, Winterhager E. Developmental expression patterns of connexin26 and -30 in the rat cochlea. DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS 1999; 25:306-11. [PMID: 10570462 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1999)25:4<306::aid-dvg4>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Connexin proteins form transmembranous gap junction channels that connect adjacent cells. Connexin26 and connexin30 have been previously shown to be strongly expressed in the inner ear of adult rats and to be mainly colocalized. Because intercellular connections by gap junction proteins are crucial for maturation of different tissues, we investigated the developmental expression of connexin26 and connexin30 in pre- and postnatal rats using immunocytochemistry. In the rat otocyst, staining for connexin26 as well as for connexin30 appeared at the 17th day of gestation. However, at this stage, expression of connexin30 was low and restricted to the neurosensory epithelium. Beginning from the 3rd postnatal day connexin26 and -30 were expressed with highest immunoreaction in the spiral limbus, the neurosensory epithelium, and between the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament. Beginning from postnatal day 12 the staining pattern resembled that of adult animals, with additional strong staining between all fibrocytes of the spiral ligament. Double labeling experiments demonstrated strongest colocalization of both connexins between the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament. These results demonstrate that development of the cochlear gap junction system precedes the functional maturation of the rat inner ear, which takes place between the 2nd and 3rd postnatal week. In the cochlea of a 22-week-old human embryo, connexin26 and connexin30 could be detected in the lateral wall, suggesting that both connexins also play a crucial role in function of the human inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lautermann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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44
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Trune DR, Wobig RJ, Kempton JB, Hefeneider SH. Steroid treatment improves cochlear function in the MRL.MpJ-Fas(lpr) autoimmune mouse. Hear Res 1999; 137:160-6. [PMID: 10545643 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid therapy is used to reverse autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, although little is known of the mechanism by which this occurs. This has been due to the lack of a suitable animal model with spontaneous hearing loss that is steroid responsive. The present study examined the effects of prednisolone treatment on auditory thresholds in the MRL.MpJ-Fas(lpr) autoimmune mouse to determine its suitability as such a model. Autoimmune mice at 3.5-4. 5 months of age were evaluated by pure-tone auditory brainstem response (ABR) to establish threshold elevations due to the disease. The steroid treatment group was then given prednisolone in their drinking water for 2.5 months, while untreated controls were given tap water. Significantly more steroid treated mice survived to the time of post-treatment ABR evaluation. Half of the steroid treated ears demonstrated either improvement or no change in cochlear function compared to only 25% in the untreated controls. Overall, cochlear thresholds in the untreated controls increased by 14.7 dB, whereas no significant threshold increase was seen in the steroid treated group (4.3 dB) over the treatment period. No qualitative anatomical differences were seen in the ears of those mice surviving to the end of the study. These findings establish the autoimmune mouse as a model for studies of steroid responsive mechanisms within the ear. This could apply to autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, as well as any hearing disorder for which steroid therapy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Trune
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, NRC04, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201-3098, USA.
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45
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Erichsen S, Stierna P, Bagger-Sjöbäck D, Curtis LM, Rarey KE, Schmid W, Hultcrantz M. Distribution of Na,K-ATPase is normal in the inner ear of a mouse with a null mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor. Hear Res 1998; 124:146-54. [PMID: 9822912 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(98)00117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed in order to test the hypothesis that the glucocorticoid hormone stimulates the formation of Na,K-ATPase in the inner ear of the mouse. An immunohistochemical study with respect to the presence and distribution of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and Na,K-ATPase in the vestibular and cochlear regions of the inner ear was performed on a C57BL mouse with a null mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR mutant mouse). The wild type C57BL mouse and the CBA mouse served as normal controls. As expected, the homozygous GR mutant mouse showed no specific staining for GR in the inner ear. The heterozygous GR mutant mouse showed faint staining of GR in the spiral limbus, the spiral ganglion, the organ of Corti and the utricle. This staining was markedly less than in the wild type C57BL mouse. Antibody labelling of Na,K-ATPase in the inner ear showed no significant difference between the homozygous and the heterozygous GR mutant mouse as compared to the control wild type C57BL mouse or the CBA mouse. Although earlier studies have shown a positive correlation between levels of glucocorticoid hormone in serum and the concentration of Na,K-ATPase in the inner ear, the hypothesis that glucocorticoid hormones alone stimulate the formation of Na,K-ATPase in the inner ear could not be confirmed by this study. Thus other regulating substances must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Erichsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Lamm K, Arnold W. The effect of prednisolone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the normal and noise-damaged guinea pig inner ear. Hear Res 1998; 115:149-61. [PMID: 9472744 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(97)00186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of anti-inflammatory agents, such as the synthetic glucocorticoid prednisolone, diclofenac sodium, and histamine H1-receptor antagonist, was studied in unexposed and noise-exposed (broad-band noise, bandwidth 1-12 kHz, 106 dB SPL, 30 min) guinea pigs. The results were compared with the results obtained from no treatment and with isotonic saline (placebo) therapy. The cochlear blood flow (CoBF) and the partial oxygen pressure in the perilymph (PL-pO2) were continuously and simultaneously recorded over a period of 210 min. In addition, cochlear microphonics (CMs), compound action potentials of the auditory nerve (CAPs), and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were registered. Noise-induced hearing loss paralleled a decrease of PL-pO2. Both were found to occur before evidence of reduced CoBF. PL-pO2 and CoBF progressively declined post-exposure, while CMs, CAPs, and ABRs did not further deteriorate nor showed signs of recovery up to 180 min after cessation of noise. Treatment started 60 min post-exposure, or after 90 min without manipulation and was then further studied for 120 min. In the unexposed animals, diclofenac sodium and prednisolone induced a significant decline of PL-pO2, while CoBF, CMs, CAPs, and ABRs revealed no change. Isotonic saline did not influence the measured parameters. After infusion of the histamine H1-receptor antagonist, a significant decrease of CoBF together with blood pressure and CMs was observed, while PL-pO2, CAPs, and ABRs showed no change. In the noise-exposed animals, diclofenac sodium induced partial restoration of CM and CAP amplitudes and full restoration of ABRs. Following a high dose of prednisolone (25 mg), partial restoration of CMs and full restoration of CAPs and ABRs were registered. This effect was significantly less pronounced following a low dose of prednisolone (2.5 mg). Restoration of CMs, CAPs, and ABRs was immediate (i.e. 50 min after infusion) and remained stable for another 60 min until the end of the recording period. The histamine H1-receptor antagonist and isotonic saline did not influence CMs, CAPs, and ABRs. None of the applied drugs resulted in relief of progressive noise-induced cochlear hypoxia and post-traumatic ischemia. These findings indicate direct cellular effects of prednisolone and diclofenac sodium in the cochlea taking into account no blood flow and oxygenation. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lamm
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
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47
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ten Cate WJ, Zuo J, Lautermann J, Altenhoff P, Rarey KE. Development of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in the rat cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol 1997; 117:841-4. [PMID: 9442824 DOI: 10.3109/00016489709114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) catalyzes the transformation of active glucocorticoid (GC) steroids to inactive 11-oxosteroids, as well as the reverse reaction. 11 beta-HSD was previously demonstrated specifically in the spiral ligament of the lateral cochlear wall where it was co-localized with adrenal steroid receptors. These findings imply that 11 beta-HSD regulates binding of corticoids to their inner ear receptors. The GC receptor expression initially occurs around the critical maturation period of the cochlear duct. 11 beta-HSD, which is an integral part of the cochlear steroid receptor system, could indirectly affect glucocorticoid-mediated induction processes. In this study the expression of 11 beta-HSD was studied in the postnatal rat cochlea from the 3rd to 30th postnatal day. Bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded cochlear sections were processed for immunocytochemical detection of 11 beta-HSD using polyclonal antibodies against 11 beta-HSD. 11 beta-HSD expression appeared at the 12th postnatal day at low levels in spiral ligament tissues. From the 15th postnatal day, 11 beta-HSD expression was stronger and similar to that of the adult cochlea. No additional inner ear tissue region expressed 11 beta-HSD enzyme during the observed period. 11 beta-HSD expression coincides with the onset of functional maturity of the rat cochlear duct. The expression of 11 beta-HSD is preceded by the expression of GC receptors which appeared at the 7th postnatal day in the rat cochlea. These results further suggest an integrative role of the cochlear steroid receptor system in the homeostasis and functional maturation of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J ten Cate
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Essen, Germany
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48
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Erichsen S, Zuo J, Curtis L, Rarey K, Hultcrantz M. Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-isoforms in the developing cochlea of the mouse. Hear Res 1996; 100:143-9. [PMID: 8922988 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5955(96)00105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the presence of Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunits isoforms (alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, beta 1 and beta 2) in the cochlea of the mouse at different ages between embryological day (E) 19 and postnatal day (P) + 30. alpha 1 was mainly found in the stria vascularis and in the spiral ligament; it increased steadily from p+4. These data correlates well with the morphological and electrophysiological maturation of the cochlea. alpha 3 predominated in the spiral ganglia and the cochlear nerve. This finding is well in accordance with reports that alpha 3 seems to be associated with the nervous system. The beta-subunit was found mainly in those tissues where staining of the alpha-subunit also was seen. Both subunits were localized in tissue regions where fluid regulation is expected to play an important role. For some isoforms, the expression pattern of Na,K-ATPase during development in the mouse is different from that in the rat. The expression of Na,K-ATPase and that of glucocorticoid receptors during development in the inner ear of the mouse show a similar pattern, which may indicate that glucocorticoid receptors could be involved in regulating the expression of Na,K-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Erichsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Erichsen S, Bagger-Sjöbäck D, Curtis L, Zuo J, Rarey K, Hultcrantz M. Appearance of glucocorticoid receptors in the inner ear of the mouse during development. Acta Otolaryngol 1996; 116:721-5. [PMID: 8908249 DOI: 10.3109/00016489609137913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CBA mice were sacrificed at different ages of developments at embryonic day 13 (E13), E14, E16, E19, E20 and postnatal day 1 (P1), P2, P3, P4, P6, P8, P10, P14, P16, P18, P20 and P30. The temporal bones were quickly removed and deep frozen in order to prepare cryosections for immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibodies against glucocorticoid receptors. The avidin-biotin, ABC-method was used to visualize binding. Both the vestibular and the cochlear regions of the inner ear were analysed. A faint staining of the crista ampullaris, the utricle and the cochlear duct was seen at E19; and staining became clearly visible at P1. A decrease in labelling was found at day 2-5 post partum whereafter an increased staining was again noticed until postnatal day 14 when an adult pattern was observed. The appearance of glucocorticoid receptors in the inner ear during development does not follow a linear curve. Further, the labelling pattern may indicate an impact of glucocorticoid receptors on the embryologic maturation itself as well as a functional role in the adult ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Erichsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Freeman S, Geal-Dor M, Sohmer H. The role of adrenocortical steroid hormones in the development of hearing. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 1996; 7:167-77. [PMID: 8910135 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.1996.7.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on the findings that adrenocortical hormones are involved in the regulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in several tissues and the presence of receptors for these hormones in the ear during auditory development, it has been suggested that these hormones also induce Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and the endocochlear potential in the ear, leading to auditory function in the fetus-neonate. In order to test this hypothesis, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones were injected into rat pups and their auditory development, compared to control litter-mates, was tested by recording auditory nerve-brainstem evoked potentials (ABR). Those who received glucocorticoid hormones had elevated ABR thresholds on post-natal day (PND) 9, others on PND 11 and still others on PND 16, compared to control litter-mates. The ABR thresholds of those injected with mineralocorticoids were not different from those in controls. These results and additional considerations related to the time sequence of the natural appearance of these hormones in the plasma, of their receptors in the ear and the onset of hearing in rat pups makes it extremely unlikely that adrenocortical hormones are involved in the initiation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase pumps and thereby of the endocochlear potential in the inner ear. It is possible that these hormones and their receptors play a role in the later regulation of the number of pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Freeman
- Department of Physiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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