1
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Lee SH, Son Y, Choi KJ, Lee CG, Lee HJ. Distinguish response of low-dose radiation with different dose-rate on gene expression of human coronary artery endothelial cells: a bioinformatic study based on transcriptomic sequencing. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:756-766. [PMID: 38489594 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2324470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE People are exposed to low-dose radiation in medical diagnosis, occupational, or life circumstances, but the effect of low-dose radiation on human health is still controversial. The biological effects of radiation below 100 mGy are still unproven. In this study, we observed the effects of low-dose radiation (100 mGy) on gene expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and its effect on molecular signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCAECs were exposed to 100 mGy ionizing radiation at 6 mGy/h (low-dose-rate) or 288 mGy/h (high-dose-rate). After 72 h, total RNA was extracted from sham or irradiated cells for Quant-Seq 3'mRNA-Seq, and bioinformatic analyses were performed using Metascape. Gene profiling was validated using qPCR. RESULTS Compared to the non-irradiated control group, 100 mGy of ionizing radiation at 6 mGy/h altered the expression of 194 genes involved in signaling pathways related to heart contraction, blood circulation, and cardiac myofibril assembly differentially. However, 100 mGy at 288 mGy/h altered expression of 450 genes involved in cell cycle-related signaling pathways, including cell division, nuclear division, and mitosis differentially. Additionally, gene signatures responding to low-dose radiation, including radiation dose-specific gene profiles (HIST1H2AI, RAVER1, and POTEI) and dose-rate-specific gene profiles (MYL2 for the low-dose-rate and DHRS9 and CA14 for the high-dose-rate) were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that 100 mGy low-dose radiation could alter gene expression and molecular signaling pathways at the low-dose-rate and the high-dose-rate differently. Our findings provide evidence for further research on the potential impact of low-dose radiation on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang CH, Schuring J, Skinner JP, Mok L, Chong MMW. MYL9 deficiency is neonatal lethal in mice due to abnormalities in the lung and the muscularis propria of the bladder and intestine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270820. [PMID: 35802750 PMCID: PMC9269942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Class II myosin complexes are responsible for muscle contraction as well as other non-sarcomeric contractile functions in cells. Myosin heavy chain molecules form the core of these structures, while light chain molecules regulate their stability and function. MYL9 is a light chain isoform that is thought to regulate non-sarcomeric myosin. However, whether this in only in specific cell types or in all cells remains unclear. To address this, we generated MYL9 deficient mice. These mice die soon after birth with abnormalities in multiple organs. All mice exhibited a distended bladder, shortening of the small intestine and alveolar overdistension in the lung. The Myl9 allele in these mice included a LacZ reporter knockin that allowed for mapping of Myl9 gene expression. Using this reporter, we show that MYL9 expression is restricted to the muscularis propria of the small intestine and bladder, as well as in the smooth muscle layer of the bronchi in the lung and major bladder vessels in all organs. This suggests that MYL9 is important for the function of smooth muscle cells in these organs. Smooth muscle dysfunction is therefore likely to be the cause of the abnormalities observed in the intestine, bladder and lung of MYL9 deficient mice and the resulting neonatal lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Han Huang
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent’s), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joyce Schuring
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lawrence Mok
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent’s), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark M. W. Chong
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent’s), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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3
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Marotta P, Salatiello F, Ambrosino L, Berruto F, Chiusano ML, Locascio A. The Ascidia Ciona robusta Provides Novel Insights on the Evolution of the AP-1 Transcriptional Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709696. [PMID: 34414189 PMCID: PMC8369891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 transcription factor family (AP-1) transcriptional complex is historically defined as an early response group of transcription factors formed by dimeric complexes of the Jun, Fos, Atf, and Maf bZIP proteins that control cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating gene expression. It has been greatly investigated in many model organisms across metazoan evolution. Nevertheless, its complexity and variability of action made its multiple functions difficult to be defined. Here, we place the foundations for understanding the complexity of AP-1 transcriptional members in tunicates. We investigated the gene members of this family in the ascidian Ciona robusta and identified single copies of Jun, Fos, Atf3, Atf2/7, and Maf bZIP-related factors that could have a role in the formation of the AP-1 complex. We highlight that mesenchyme is a common cellular population where all these factors are expressed during embryonic development, and that, moreover, Fos shows a wider pattern of expression including also notochord and neural cells. By ectopic expression in transgenic embryos of Jun and Fos genes alone or in combination, we investigated the phenotypic alterations induced by these factors and highlighted a degree of functional conservation of the AP-1 complex between Ciona and vertebrates. The lack of gene redundancy and the first pieces of evidence of conserved functions in the control of cell movements and structural organization exerted by these factors open the way for using Ciona as a helpful model system to uncover the multiple potentialities of this highly complex family of bZIP transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Salatiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Berruto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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4
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Ni X, Xu K, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang L, Yu F, Li G. Single-cell analysis reveals the purification and maturation effects of glucose starvation in hiPSC-CMs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:367-373. [PMID: 33279112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) play a critical role in most translational and clinical applications. Although glucose starvation (GS) has been evaluated during cellular purification, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the transcriptional heterogeneity of these cells. Here, we applied GS for 3 days starting at day 10 of differentiation, and then, harvested hiPSC-CMs at day 20 for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that GS dramatically reduced the proportion of non-cardiomyocytes cells and increased the number of late-stage cardiomyocytes. We also recorded an increase in the expression of MYH6, MYH7, ACTN2, TNNT2, and several other genes associated with the structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes. Further analysis indicated that these changes were focused on the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cardiac muscle development, and cardiac muscle contraction. Finally, pseudotime analysis revealed that GS hiPSC-CMs developed in a more mature direction. Together, these results suggest that GS treatment improves the purity and maturation of hiPSC-CMs, which should increase the feasibility of hiPSC-CMs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- The Scientific and Technical Department, Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Linli Wang
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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5
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Zhang R, Guo T, Han Y, Huang H, Shi J, Hu J, Li H, Wang J, Saleem A, Zhou P, Lan F. Design of synthetic microenvironments to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:949-960. [PMID: 33231364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC-CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three-dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC-CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three-dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Scuderi GJ, Butcher J. Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28529939 PMCID: PMC5418234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most prominent causes of mortalities worldwide with heart transplantation being the gold-standard treatment option. However, due to the major limitations associated with heart transplants, such as an inadequate supply and heart rejection, there remains a significant clinical need for a viable cardiac regenerative therapy to restore native myocardial function. Over the course of the previous several decades, researchers have made prominent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration with the creation of in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte tissue engineered constructs. However, these engineered constructs exhibit a functionally immature, disorganized, fetal-like phenotype that is not equivalent physiologically to native adult cardiac tissue. Due to this major limitation, many recent studies have investigated approaches to improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation to close this large functionality gap between engineered and native cardiac tissue. This review integrates the natural developmental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. The variety of ways researchers have attempted to improve cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro by mimicking natural development, known as natural engineering, is readily discussed. The main focus of this review involves the synergistic role of electrical and mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix interactions, and non-cardiomyocyte interactions in facilitating cardiomyocyte maturation. Overall, even with these current natural engineering approaches, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional engineered heart tissue still remain mostly within the early to late fetal stages of cardiomyocyte maturity. Therefore, although the end goal is to achieve adult phenotypic maturity, more emphasis must be placed on elucidating how the in vivo fetal microenvironment drives cardiomyocyte maturation. This information can then be utilized to develop natural engineering approaches that can emulate this fetal microenvironment and thus make prominent progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived maturity toward a more clinically relevant model for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano J Scuderi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
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7
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Veltri T, Landim-Vieira M, Parvatiyar MS, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Dieseldorff Jones KM, Michell CA, Dweck D, Landstrom AP, Chase PB, Pinto JR. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Troponin C Mutations Differentially Affect Slow Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Regulation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:221. [PMID: 28473771 PMCID: PMC5397416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TNNC1-the gene encoding cardiac troponin C (cTnC)-that have been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and cardiac dysfunction may also affect Ca2+-regulation and function of slow skeletal muscle since the same gene is expressed in both cardiac and slow skeletal muscle. Therefore, we reconstituted rabbit soleus fibers and bovine masseter myofibrils with mutant cTnCs (A8V, C84Y, E134D, and D145E) associated with HCM to investigate their effects on contractile force and ATPase rates, respectively. Previously, we showed that these HCM cTnC mutants, except for E134D, increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of force development in cardiac preparations. In the current study, an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of isometric force was only observed for the C84Y mutant when reconstituted in soleus fibers. Incorporation of cTnC C84Y in bovine masseter myofibrils reduced the ATPase activity at saturating [Ca2+], whereas, incorporation of cTnC D145E increased the ATPase activity at inhibiting and saturating [Ca2+]. We also tested whether reconstitution of cardiac fibers with troponin complexes containing the cTnC mutants and slow skeletal troponin I (ssTnI) could emulate the slow skeletal functional phenotype. Reconstitution of cardiac fibers with troponin complexes containing ssTnI attenuated the Ca2+ sensitization of isometric force when cTnC A8V and D145E were present; however, it was enhanced for C84Y. In summary, although the A8V and D145E mutants are present in both muscle types, their functional phenotype is more prominent in cardiac muscle than in slow skeletal muscle, which has implications for the protein-protein interactions within the troponin complex. The C84Y mutant warrants further investigation since it drastically alters the properties of both muscle types and may account for the earlier clinical onset in the proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Veltri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michelle S. Parvatiyar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
| | - David Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Clara A. Michell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David Dweck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P. Landstrom
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - P. Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jose R. Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA
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8
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Cho ER, Jee YH, Kim SW, Sull JW. Effect of obesity on the association between MYL2 (rs3782889) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among Korean men. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:405-9. [PMID: 26763873 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease. Several genome-wide association studies that have examined HDL cholesterol levels have implicated myosin light chain 2 regulatory cardiac slow (MYL2) as a possible causal factor. Herein, the association between the rs3782889 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MYL2 gene and HDL cholesterol levels was tested in the Korean population. A total of 4294 individuals were included in a replication study with MYL2 SNP rs3782889. SNP rs3782889 in the MYL2 gene was associated with mean HDL cholesterol level (effect per allele, -1.055 mg dl(-1), P=0.0005). Subjects with the CT/CC genotype had a 1.43-fold (range 1.19-1.73-fold) higher risk of an abnormal HDL cholesterol level (<40 mg dl(-1)) than subjects with the TT genotype. When analyzed by sex, the MYL2 association was stronger in men than that in women. When analyzed by body mass index (BMI), the MYL2 association was much stronger in male subjects with BMI ⩾26.44 kg m(-2) (odds ratio (OR)=2.68; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.87-3.84; P<0.0001) than that in male subjects with BMI <26.44 kg m(-2). When compared with subjects having the TT genotype and BMI <26.44 kg m(-2), ORs (95% CI) were 3.30 (2.41-4.50) in subjects having the CT/CC genotype and BMI ⩾26.44 kg m(-2) (P for interaction <0.0001). Our results clearly demonstrate that genetic variants in MYL2 influence HDL cholesterol levels in Korean obese male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo Rin Cho
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Ho Jee
- Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- Department of Natural Healing, Dongbang Culture Graduate University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Sull
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
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9
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Generation of highly purified human cardiomyocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126596. [PMID: 25970162 PMCID: PMC4430251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential for physiological studies. A novel protocol was developed combining the derivation of iPS from peripheral blood with an optimized directed differentiation to cardiomyocytes and a subsequent metabolic selection. The human iPS cells were retrovirally dedifferentiated from activated T cells. The subsequent optimized directed differentiation protocol yielded 30-45% cardiomyocytes at day 16 of differentiation. The derived cardiomyocytes expressed appropriate structural markers like cardiac troponin T, α-actinin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2V). In a subsequent metabolic selection with lactate, the cardiomyocytes content could be increased to more than 90%. Loss of cardiomyocytes during metabolic selection were less than 50%, whereas alternative surface antibody-based selection procedures resulted in loss of up to 80% of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological characterization confirmed the typical cardiac features and the presence of ventricular, atrial and nodal-like action potentials within the derived cardiomyocyte population. Our combined and optimized protocol is highly robust and applicable for scalable cardiac differentiation. It provides a simple and cost-efficient method without expensive equipment for generating large numbers of highly purified, functional cardiomyocytes. It will further enhance the applicability of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
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Veerman CC, Kosmidis G, Mummery CL, Casini S, Verkerk AO, Bellin M. Immaturity of Human Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Culture: Fatal Flaw or Soluble Problem? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1035-52. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C. Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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11
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Yan Y, Wu Q, Zhang L, Wang X, Dan S, Deng D, Sun L, Yao L, Ma Y, Wang L. Detection of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in fetuses with congenital heart disease. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2014; 43:404-412. [PMID: 24323407 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the usefulness of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for prenatal genetic diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), with and without associated anomalies, and to explore the relationship between submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations and CHD. METHODS In this prospective study we investigated 76 consecutive singleton fetuses with abnormal cardiac ultrasound findings, normal karyotype and negative or no fluorescence in-situ hybridization results for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. All pregnancies underwent aCGH in a comprehensive search for chromosomal aberrations. The relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) and CHD was determined by comparing clinical findings to chromosomal databases. RESULTS CNVs that were benign or had no clinical significance were detected in 18/76 (23.7%) cases. CNVs of unknown clinical significance (i.e. VOUS) were detected in 4/76 (5.3%) cases. Pathogenic CNVs were detected in 5/76 (6.6%) cases. Fetuses with CHD and additional structural abnormalities demonstrated no difference in number of pathogenic CNVs when compared with fetuses with isolated CHD (7.4% (n = 2/27) vs 6.1% (n = 3/49), P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study cohort, aCGH analysis significantly improved the detection of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations in pregnancies with CHD, as compared with conventional cytogenetics. Our results suggest that aCGH can provide additional genetic information in fetuses with abnormal heart findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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12
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Liu Q, Basu N, Goetz G, Jiang N, Hutz RJ, Tonellato PJ, Carvan MJ. Differential gene expression associated with dietary methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:740-51. [PMID: 23529582 PMCID: PMC3664064 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate conserved biomarkers that could be used in most species of teleost fish at most life-stages. We investigated the effects of sublethal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on developing rainbow trout and zebrafish. Juvenile rainbow trout and young adult zebrafish were fed food with MeHg added at 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 ppm. Atomic absorption spectrometry was applied to measure whole body total Hg levels, and pathologic analysis was performed to identify MeHg-induced toxicity. Fish at 6 weeks were sampled from each group for microarray analysis using RNA from whole fish. MeHg-exposed trout and zebrafish did not show overt signs of toxicity or pathology, nor were significant differences seen in mortality, length, mass, or condition factor. The accumulation of MeHg in trout and zebrafish exhibited dose- and time-dependent patterns during 6 weeks, and zebrafish exhibited greater assimilation of total Hg than rainbow trout. The dysregulated genes in MeHg-treated fish have multiple functional annotations, such as iron ion homeostasis, glutathione transferase activity, regulation of muscle contraction, troponin I binding and calcium-dependent protein binding. Genes were selected as biomarker candidates based on their microarray data and their expression was evaluated by QPCR. Unfortunately, these genes are not good consistent biomarkers for both rainbow trout and zebrafish from QPCR evaluation using individual fish. Our conclusion is that biomarker analysis for aquatic toxicant assessment using fish needs to be based on tissue-, sex- and species-specific consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Niladri Basu
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 6634 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Giles Goetz
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 Northeast Boat Street, Seattle WA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Roche NimbleGen, Inc., 504 South Rosa Road, Madison, WI
| | - Reinhold J. Hutz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee
| | - Peter J. Tonellato
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J. Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI
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13
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Weterman MAJ, Barth PG, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Aronica E, Poll-The BT, Brouwer OF, van Tintelen JP, Qahar Z, Bradley EJ, de Wissel M, Salviati L, Angelini C, van den Heuvel L, Thomasse YEM, Backx AP, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Baas F. Recessive MYL2 mutations cause infantile type I muscle fibre disease and cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:282-93. [PMID: 23365102 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A cardioskeletal myopathy with onset and death in infancy, morphological features of muscle type I hypotrophy with myofibrillar disorganization and dilated cardiomyopathy was previously reported in three Dutch families. Here we report the genetic cause of this disorder. Multipoint parametric linkage analysis of six Dutch patients identified a homozygous region of 2.1 Mb on chromosome 12, which was shared between all Dutch patients, with a log of odds score of 10.82. Sequence analysis of the entire linkage region resulted in the identification of a homozygous mutation in the last acceptor splice site of the myosin regulatory light chain 2 gene (MYL2) as the genetic cause. MYL2 encodes a myosin regulatory light chain (MLC-2V). The myosin regulatory light chains bind, together with the essential light chains, to the flexible neck region of the myosin heavy chain in the hexameric myosin complex and have a structural and regulatory role in muscle contraction. The MYL2 mutation results in use of a cryptic splice site upstream of the last exon causing a frameshift and replacement of the last 32 codons by 20 different codons. Whole exome sequencing of an Italian patient with similar clinical features showed compound heterozygosity for two other mutations affecting the same exon of MYL2, also resulting in mutant proteins with altered C-terminal tails. As a consequence of these mutations, the second EF-hand domain is disrupted. EF-hands, assumed to function as calcium sensors, can undergo a conformational change upon binding of calcium that is critical for interactions with downstream targets. Immunohistochemical staining of skeletal muscle tissue of the Dutch patients showed a diffuse and weak expression of the mutant protein without clear fibre specificity, while normal protein was absent. Heterozygous missense mutations in MYL2 are known to cause dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; however, none of the parents showed signs of cardiomyopathy. In conclusion, the mutations in the last exon of MYL2 are responsible for a novel autosomal recessive lethal myosinopathy due to defects changing the C-terminal tail of the ventricular form of the myosin regulatory light chain. We propose 'light chain myopathy' as a name for this MYL2-associated myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A J Weterman
- Department of Genome Analysis k2-213, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Molecular cloning, sequence identification and expression analysis of novel caprine MYLPF gene. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:2565-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Heavy and light roles: myosin in the morphogenesis of the heart. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:1221-39. [PMID: 22955375 PMCID: PMC3602621 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myosin is an essential component of cardiac muscle, from the onset of cardiogenesis through to the adult heart. Although traditionally known for its role in energy transduction and force development, recent studies suggest that both myosin heavy-chain and myosin light-chain proteins are required for a correctly formed heart. Myosins are structural proteins that are not only expressed from early stages of heart development, but when mutated in humans they may give rise to congenital heart defects. This review will discuss the roles of myosin, specifically with regards to the developing heart. The expression of each myosin protein will be described, and the effects that altering expression has on the heart in embryogenesis in different animal models will be discussed. The human molecular genetics of the myosins will also be reviewed.
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16
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Belmokhtar K, Bourguignon T, Worou ME, Khamis G, Bonnet P, Domenech J, Eder V. Regeneration of three layers vascular wall by using BMP2-treated MSC involving HIF-1α and Id1 expressions through JAK/STAT pathways. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 7:847-59. [PMID: 21472453 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Engineering living, multilayered blood vessels to form in vivo arteries is a promising alternative to peripheral artery bypass using acellular grafts restricted by thrombosis and occlusion at long term. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) is a growth factor determining in the early vascular embryonic development. The aim of the present study was evaluate the collaborative effect of recombinant human--BMP2 and Bone marrow--Mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) seeded on vascular patch to regenerate a vascular arterial wall in a rat model. BM-MSCs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) seeded on vascular patch were cultured in presence of recombinant human-BMP2 [100 ng/mL] during 1 week before their implantation on the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats. We observed after 2 weeks under physiological arterial flow a regeneration of a three layers adult-like arterial wall with a middle layer expressing smooth muscle proteins and a border layer expressing endothelial marker. In vitro study, using Matrigel assay and co-culture of BM-MSCs with endothelial cells demonstrated that rh-BMP2 promoted tube-like formation even at long term (90 days) allowing the organization of thick rails. We demonstrated using inhibitors and siRNAs that rh-BMP2 enhanced the expression of HIF-1α and Id1 through, at least in part, the stimulation of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signaling pathways. Rh-BMP2 by mimicking embryological conditions allowed vascular BM-MSCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Belmokhtar
- Faculty of Medicine, University François Rabelais, Labpart EA 3852, IFR 135 Tours, France.
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17
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Howarth FC, Qureshi MA, Sobhy ZHH, Parekh K, Yammahi SRRKD, Adrian TE, Adeghate E. Structural lesions and changing pattern of expression of genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins are associated with ventricular myocyte dysfunction in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats fed a high-fat diet. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:765-77. [PMID: 21666035 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the clinical prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity and their association with high mortality linked to cardiovascular disease, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of feeding type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats either high- or low-fat diets on cardiomyocyte structure and function. The GK rats were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) from the age of 2 months for a period of 7 months. The GK-HFD rats gained more weight, ate less food and drank less water compared with GK-LFD rats. At 7 months, non-fasting blood glucose was higher in GK-LFD (334 ± 35 mg dl(-1)) compared with GK-HFD rats (235 ± 26 mg dl(-1)). Feeding GK rats with a HFD had no significant effect on glucose clearance following a glucose challenge. Time-to-peak (t(peak)) shortening was reduced in myocytes from GK-HFD (131.8 ± 2.1 ms) compared with GK-LFD rats (144.5 ± 3.0 ms), and time-to-half (t(1/2)) relaxation of shortening was also reduced in myocytes from GK-HFD (71.7 ± 6.9 ms) compared with GK-LFD rats (86.1 ± 3.6 ms). The HFD had no significant effect on the amplitude of shortening. The HFD had no significant effect on t(peak), t(1/2) decay, amplitude of the Ca(2+) transient, myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content, fractional release of Ca(2+) and the rate of Ca(2+) uptake. Structurally, ventricular myocytes from GK-HFD rats showed extensive mitochondrial lesions, including swelling, loss of cristae, and loss of inner and outer membranes, resulting in gross vacuolarization and deformation of ventricular mitochondria with a subsequent reduction in mitochondrial density. Expression of genes encoding various L-type Ca(2+) channel proteins (Cacnb2) and cardiac muscle proteins (Myl2 and Atp2a1) were downregulated in GK-HFD compared with GK-LFD rats. Structural lesions and changed expression of genes encoding various cardiac muscle proteins might partly underlie the altered time course of myocyte shortening and relaxation in myocytes from GK-HFD compared with GK-LFD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Howarth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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18
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Fox ER, Klos KL, Penman AD, Blair GJ, Blossom BD, Arnett D, Devereux RB, Samdarshi T, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH. Heritability and genetic linkage of left ventricular mass, systolic and diastolic function in hypertensive African Americans (From the GENOA Study). Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:870-5. [PMID: 20448532 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the interindividual variation in left ventricular (LV) structure and function is unexplained by established risk factors and may be due to novel or genetic factors. We used pedigree information from 454 tandem markers across the genome to estimate the heritability and linkage of various echocardiographic measures of LV structure and function in a cohort of African-American hypertensive siblings. METHODS LV mass was calculated according to the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) simplified cubed equation and indexed to height(2.7). Fractional shortening (FS) was calculated as the percent change in the internal diameter between diastole and systole. Ejection fraction (EF) was calculated from ventricular diameters. Peak mitral early and late diastolic filling velocities were measured from the transmitral pulsed Doppler profile. The maximum-likelihood heritability estimate for each phenotype was obtained using a variance components method. Linkage analyses were performed using the multipoint variance components-based approach. RESULTS There was moderate heritability for LV mass index (34%), interventricular septal thickness (29%), diastolic diameter (42%), EF (40%), FS (39%), and mitral early and late diastolic filling velocities (37 and 45%, respectively). The greatest evidence of genetic linkage was observed for LV mass index on chromosome 3 (logarithm of odds (LOD) score = 2.38), LV EF on chromosome 12 (LOD score = 2.39), and mitral E-wave velocity (MVE) on chromosome 19 (LOD score = 2.69). CONCLUSIONS In this African-American cohort of hypertensive siblings, the greatest evidence for linkage of LV structure and function was on chromosomes 3, 12, and 19.
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19
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Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules is a critical regulatory process. Like most regulated protein modifications, ubiquitination is reversible. Deubiquitination, the reversal of ubiquitination, is quickly being recognized as an important regulatory strategy. Nearly one hundred human DUBs (deubiquitinating enzymes) in five different gene families oppose the action of several hundred ubiquitin ligases, suggesting that both ubiquitination and its reversal are highly regulated and specific processes. It has long been recognized that ubiquitin ligases are modular enzyme systems that often depend on scaffolds and adaptors to deliver substrates to the catalytically active macromolecular complex. Although many DUBs bind ubiquitin with reasonable affinities (in the nM to microM range), a larger number have little affinity but exhibit robust catalytic capability. Thus it is apparent that these DUBs must acquire their substrates by binding the target protein in a conjugate or by associating with other macromolecular complexes. We would then expect that a study of protein partners of DUBs would reveal a variety of substrates, scaffolds, adaptors and ubiquitin receptors. In the present review we suggest that, like ligases, much of the regulation and specificity of deubiquitination arises from the association of DUBs with these protein partners.
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20
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Wang Y, Szczesna-Cordary D, Craig R, Diaz-Perez Z, Guzman G, Miller T, Potter JD. Fast skeletal muscle regulatory light chain is required for fast and slow skeletal muscle development. FASEB J 2007; 21:2205-14. [PMID: 17356007 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7538com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the myosin molecule contains two sets of noncovalently attached low molecular weight proteins, the regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains. To assess the functional and developmental significance of the fast skeletal isoform of the RLC (RLC-f), the murine fast skeletal RLC gene (Mylpf) was disrupted by homologous recombination. Heterozygotes containing an intronic neo cassette (RLC-/+) had approximately one-half of the amount of the RLC-f mRNA compared to wild-type (WT) mice but their muscles were histologically normal in both adults and neonates. In contrast, homozygous mice (RLC-/-) had no RLC-f mRNA or protein and completely lacked both fast and slow skeletal muscle. This was likely due to interference with mRNA processing in the presence of the neo cassette. These RLC-f null mice died immediately after birth, presumably due to respiratory failure since their diaphragms lacked skeletal muscle. The body weight of newborn RLC-f null mice was decreased 30% compared to heterozygous or WT newborn mice. The lack of skeletal muscle formation in the null mice did not affect the development of other organs including the heart. In addition, we found that WT mice did not express the ventricular/slow skeletal RLC isoform (RLC-v/s) until after birth, while it was expressed normally in the embryonic heart. The lack of skeletal muscle formation observed in RLC-f null mice indicates the total dependence of skeletal muscle development on the presence of RLC-f during embryogenesis. This observation, along with the normal function of the RLC-v/s in the heart, implicates a coupled, diverse pathway for RLC-v/s and RLC-f during embryogenesis, where RLC-v/s is responsible for heart development and RLC-f is necessary for skeletal muscle formation. In conclusion, in this study we demonstrate that the Mylpf gene is critically important for fast and slow skeletal muscle development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Crosses, Genetic
- Female
- Fetal Heart/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Lethal
- Genotype
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/abnormalities
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myosin Light Chains/deficiency
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
- Myosin Light Chains/physiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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21
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Szczesna-Cordary D, Guzman G, Zhao J, Hernandez O, Wei J, Diaz-Perez Z. The E22K mutation of myosin RLC that causes familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy increases calcium sensitivity of force and ATPase in transgenic mice. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:3675-83. [PMID: 16076902 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in all of the major sarcomeric proteins, including the ventricular myosin regulatory light-chain (RLC). The E22K-RLC mutation has been associated with a rare variant of cardiac hypertrophy defined by mid-left ventricular obstruction due to papillary muscle hypertrophy. This mutation was later found to cause ventricular and septal hypertrophy. We have generated transgenic (Tg) mouse lines of myc-WT (wild type) and myc-E22K mutant of human ventricular RLC and have examined the functional consequences of this FHC mutation in skinned cardiac-muscle preparations. In longitudinal sections of whole mouse hearts stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the E22K-mutant hearts of 13-month-old animals showed signs of inter-ventricular septal hypertrophy and enlarged papillary muscles with no filament disarray. Echo examination did not reveal evidence of cardiac hypertrophy in Tg-E22K mice compared to Tg-WT or Non-Tg hearts. Physiological studies utilizing skinned cardiac-muscle preparations showed an increase by ΔpCa50≥0.1 in Ca2+ sensitivity of myofibrillar ATPase activity and force development in Tg-E22K mice compared with Tg-WT or Non-Tg littermates. Our results suggest that E22K-linked FHC is mediated through Ca2+-dependent events. The FHC-mediated structural perturbations in RLC that affect Ca2+ binding properties of the mutated myocardium are responsible for triggering the abnormal function of the heart that in turn might initiate a hypertrophic process and lead to heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Echocardiography
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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22
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Kabaeva ZT, Perrot A, Wolter B, Dietz R, Cardim N, Correia JM, Schulte HD, Aldashev AA, Mirrakhimov MM, Osterziel KJ. Systematic analysis of the regulatory and essential myosin light chain genes: genetic variants and mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2002; 10:741-8. [PMID: 12404107 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2002] [Revised: 06/27/2002] [Accepted: 07/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be caused by mutations in genes encoding for the ventricular myosin essential and regulatory light chains. In contrast to other HCM disease genes, only a few studies describing disease-associated mutations in the myosin light chain genes have been published. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic screening for mutations in the ventricular myosin light chain genes in a group of clinically well-characterised HCM patients. Further, we assessed whether the detected mutations are associated with malignant or benign phenotype in the respective families. We analysed 186 unrelated individuals with HCM for the human ventricular myosin regulatory (MYL2) and essential light chain genes (MYL3) using polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and automated sequencing. We found eight single nucleotide polymorphisms in exonic and adjacent intronic regions of MYL2 and MYL3. Two MYL2 missense mutations were identified in two Caucasian families while no mutation was found in MYL3. The mutation Glu22Lys was associated with moderate septal hypertrophy, a late onset of clinical manifestation, and benign disease course and prognosis. The mutation Arg58Gln showed also moderate septal hypertrophy, but, in contrast, it was associated with an early onset of clinical manifestation and premature sudden cardiac death. In conclusion, myosin light chain mutations are a very rare cause of HCM responsible for about 1% of cases. Mutations in MYL2 could be associated with both benign and malignant HCM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhyldyz T Kabaeva
- Charité/Kardiologie, Campus Buch und Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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23
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Bottinelli R, Reggiani C. Human skeletal muscle fibres: molecular and functional diversity. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 73:195-262. [PMID: 10958931 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(00)00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Contractile and energetic properties of human skeletal muscle have been studied for many years in vivo in the body. It has been, however, difficult to identify the specific role of muscle fibres in modulating muscle performance. Recently it has become possible to dissect short segments of single human muscle fibres from biopsy samples and make them work in nearly physiologic conditions in vitro. At the same time, the development of molecular biology has provided a wealth of information on muscle proteins and their genes and new techniques have allowed analysis of the protein isoform composition of the same fibre segments used for functional studies. In this way the histological identification of three main human muscle fibre types (I, IIA and IIX, previously called IIB) has been followed by a precise description of molecular composition and functional and biochemical properties. It has become apparent that the expression of different protein isoforms and therefore the existence of distinct muscle fibre phenotypes is one of the main determinants of the muscle performance in vivo. The present review will first describe the mechanisms through which molecular diversity is generated and how fibre types can be identified on the basis of structural and functional characteristics. Then the molecular and functional diversity will be examined with regard to (1) the myofibrillar apparatus; (2) the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum; and (3) the metabolic systems devoted to producing ATP. The last section of the review will discuss the advantage that fibre diversity can offer in optimizing muscle contractile performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bottinelli
- Institute of Human Physiology, University of Pavia, Via Forlanni 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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24
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Poetter K, Jiang H, Hassanzadeh S, Master SR, Chang A, Dalakas MC, Rayment I, Sellers JR, Fananapazir L, Epstein ND. Mutations in either the essential or regulatory light chains of myosin are associated with a rare myopathy in human heart and skeletal muscle. Nat Genet 1996; 13:63-9. [PMID: 8673105 DOI: 10.1038/ng0596-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The muscle myosins and hexomeric proteins consisting of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains, the latter called essential (ELC) and regulatory (RLC). The light chains stabilize the long alpha helical neck of the myosin head. Their function in striated muscle, however, is only partially understood. We report here the identification of distinct missense mutations in a skeletal/ventricular ELC and RLC, each of which are associated with a rare variant of cardiac hypertrophy as well as abnormal skeletal muscle. We show that myosin containing the mutant ELC has abnormal function, map the mutant residues on the three-dimensional structure of myosin and suggest that the mutations disrupt the stretch activation response of the cardiac papillary muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Poetter
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Section, NHLBI, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1650, USA
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25
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Watkins H, MacRae C, Thierfelder L, Chou YH, Frenneaux M, McKenna W, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. A disease locus for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy maps to chromosome 1q3. Nat Genet 1993; 3:333-7. [PMID: 7981753 DOI: 10.1038/ng0493-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is caused by missense mutations in the beta cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene in less than half of affected individuals. To identify the location of another gene involved in this disorder, a large family with FHC not linked to the beta MHC gene was studied. Linkage was detected between the disease in this family and a locus on chromosome 1q3 (maximum multipoint lod score = 8.47). Analyses in other families with FHC not linked to the beta MHC gene, revealed linkage to the chromosome 1 locus in two and excluded linkage in six. Thus mutations in at least three genetic loci can cause FHC. Three sarcomeric contractile proteins--troponin I, tropomyosin and actin--are strong candidate FHC genes at the chromosome 1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Watkins
- Cardiology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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