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Wu X, Zhu Y, Yan W, Zhang P, Chen L. Pathogenic characteristics of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus which caused a gastroenteritis outbreak event in Huzhou. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnad130. [PMID: 38066691 PMCID: PMC10776344 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from a gastroenteritis outbreak event in Deqing County of Huzhou City in 2022 were analyzed. Pathogen detection was performed on 30 anal swabs (26 patients, 1 chef and 3 waiters). The isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were analyzed by serum typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing, multiplex fluorescent PCR detection of tdh/trh virulence gene and drug sensitivity test. 15 patients were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, 1 patient was positive for V. parahaemolyticus and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 1 patient was positive for EAEC, and the chef was positive for EAEC. The serotype test results of the 16 V. parahaemolyticus were 14 O4:KUT and 2 O10:K4. All samples were negative for other tested bacteria. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were positive for tdh genes and negative for trh gene. The 16 isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin (AMP), and sensitive to the other12 antibiotics. From the results of serotype and PFGE, the V. parahaemolyticus strains with two serotypes are clustered into two branches according to their serotypes. The three EAEC strains were non-homologous. In conclusion, we detected V. parahaemolyticus and EAEC from an outbreak of gastroenteritis. And V. parahaemolyticus with two serotypes may be the cause of this event, according to the traceability results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yongying Zhu
- Microbiology laboratory Deqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China
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Lamalee A, Saiyudthong S, Changsen C, Kiatpathomchai W, Limthongkul J, Naparswad C, Sukphattanaudomchoke C, Chaopreecha J, Senapin S, Jaroenram W, Buates S. End-point rapid detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( tdh+ and/or trh1+ and/or trh2+) in raw seafood using a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification-xylenol orange technique. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16422. [PMID: 38188160 PMCID: PMC10771086 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. To ensure seafood safety and to minimize the occurrence of seafood-borne diseases, early detection of total V. parahaemolyticus (pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains) and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (tdh+ and/or trh1+ and/or trh2+) is required. This study further improved a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using xylenol orange (XO), a pH sensitive dye, to transform conventional LAMP into a one-step colorimetric assay giving visible results to the naked eye. LAMP-XO targeted rpoD for species specificity and tdh, trh1, and trh2 for pathogenic strains. Multiple hybrid inner primers (MHP) of LAMP primers for rpoD detection to complement the main primer set previously reported were designed by our group to maximize sensitivity and speed. Methods Following the standard LAMP protocol, LAMP reaction temperature for rpoD, tdh, trh1, and trh2 detection was first determined using a turbidimeter. The acquired optimal temperature was subjected to optimize six parameters including dNTP mix, betaine, MgSO4, Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA polymerase, reaction time and XO dye. The last parameter was done using a heat block. The color change of the LAMP-XO result from purple (negative) to yellow (positive) was monitored visually. The detection limits (DLs) of LAMP-XO using a 10-fold serial dilution of gDNA and spiked seafood samples were determined and compared with standard LAMP, PCR, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. Subsequently, the LAMP-XO assay was validated with 102 raw seafood samples and the results were compared with PCR and qPCR assays. Results Under optimal conditions (65 °C for 75 min), rpoD-LAMP-XO and tdh-LAMP-XO showed detection sensitivity at 102 copies of gDNA/reaction, or 10 folds greater than trh1-LAMP-XO and trh2-LAMP-XO. This level of sensitivity was similar to that of standard LAMP, comparable to that of the gold standard qPCR, and 10-100 times higher than that of PCR. In spiked samples, rpoD-LAMP-XO, tdh-LAMP-XO, and trh2-LAMP-XO could detect V. parahaemolyticus at 1 CFU/2.5 g spiked shrimp. Of 102 seafood samples, LAMP-XO was significantly more sensitive than PCR (P < 0.05) for tdh and trh2 detection and not significantly different from qPCR for all genes determined. The reliability of tdh-LAMP-XO and trh2-LAMP-XO to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was at 94.4% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions To detect total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, at least rpoD-LAMP-XO and trh2-LAMP-XO should be used, as both showed 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. With short turnaround time, ease, and reliability, LAMP-XO serves as a better alternative to PCR and qPCR for routine detection of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood. The concept of using a one-step LAMP-XO and MHP-LAMP to enhance efficiency of diagnostic performance of LAMP-based assays can be generally applied for detecting any gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekarin Lamalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soithong Saiyudthong
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chartchai Changsen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wansika Kiatpathomchai
- Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanita Naparswad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jarinya Chaopreecha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wansadaj Jaroenram
- Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Waidner LA, Potdukhe TV. Tools to Enumerate and Predict Distribution Patterns of Environmental Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2502. [PMID: 37894160 PMCID: PMC10609196 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) are water- and foodborne bacteria that can cause several distinct human diseases, collectively called vibriosis. The success of oyster aquaculture is negatively impacted by high Vibrio abundances. Myriad environmental factors affect the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio, including temperature, salinity, eutrophication, extreme weather events, and plankton loads, including harmful algal blooms. In this paper, we synthesize the current understanding of ecological drivers of Vv and Vp and provide a summary of various tools used to enumerate Vv and Vp in a variety of environments and environmental samples. We also highlight the limitations and benefits of each of the measurement tools and propose example alternative tools for more specific enumeration of pathogenic Vv and Vp. Improvement of molecular methods can tighten better predictive models that are potentially important for mitigation in more controlled environments such as aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Waidner
- Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Building 58, Room 108, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Trupti V. Potdukhe
- GEMS Program, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1853 W. Polk St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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4
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Di Salvo E, Panebianco F, Panebianco A, Ziino G. Quantitative Detection of Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Frozen Bivalve Molluscs. Foods 2023; 12:2373. [PMID: 37372584 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen diffusely distributed in the marine environment and often isolated from raw seafood belonging to different species, mostly shellfish. Ingestion of under- or uncooked seafood contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. Due to its ability to withstand low temperatures, Vibrio spp. could survive in frozen seafoods for long periods by entering the viable but nonculturable state (VBNC) and may constitute an unrecognized source of food contamination and infection. In the present study, seventy-seven frozen bivalve molluscs (35 mussels; 42 clams) were subjected to the detection and enumeration of viable V. parahaemolyticus using standard culture methods. VBNC forms were detected and quantified by applying an optimized protocol based on Propidium Monoazide (PMA) and Quantitative PCR (qPCR). All samples were negative for both the detection and enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus by the standard culture methods. VBNC forms were detected in 11.7% of the samples (9/77), with values ranging from 1.67 to 2.29 Log CFU/g. Only clam samples were positive for the detection of VBNC forms. The results of this study highlighted that VBNC V. parahaemolyticus may be present in frozen bivalve molluscs. Further data on the prevalence of VBNC V. parahaemolyticus in frozen seafood are needed in order to perform a robust risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Felice Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Graziella Ziino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Prithvisagar KS, Kodama T, Rai P, Deekshit VK, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Ballamoole KK. Non-clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus harbouring traits of potential pathogenicity and fitness: A molecular analysis. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106069. [PMID: 36924901 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated the distribution of virulence and fitness attributes V. parahaemolyticus isolated from marine environment (n = 105). We discovered ∼1% of isolates positive for tdh, 8.57% for trh, and 4.76% had tdh and trh genes. More than 50% of the isolates had pathogenicity islands specific to pandemic clones and secretion systems which are detected partially or entirely. VPaI-1 found in 59.04%; VPaI-4 in 60%; VPaI-5 in 34.28%; VPaI-2 in 99.04%; VPaI-3 in 91.42% and VPaI-6 in 99.04% isolates. Also, 34.28% of the isolates harboured T3SS2 encoding VPaI 7; T3SS1 in 98.09%; T6SS2 in 99.04% isolates and T6SS1 in 60.95% isolates. The cytotoxicity analysis showed a significant effect by causing when infected with trh+ environmental isolates. The expression of the trh, VopC, and VopA genes during infection showed a significant upregulation. This suggests the presence of virulence traits among V. parahaemolyticus that could threaten public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Toshio Kodama
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 853 8523, Japan
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Ballamoole
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Sudan P, Tyagi A, Dar RA, Sharma C, Singh P, B T NK, Chandra M, Arora AK. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of food safety related Vibrio species in inland saline water shrimp culture farms. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00323-7. [PMID: 36609954 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Vibrio species isolated from inland saline shrimp culture farms. Out of 200 Vibrio isolates obtained from 166 shrimp/water samples, 105 isolates were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and 31 isolates were identified as V. alginolyticus and V. cholerae, respectively. During PCR screening of virulence-associated genes, the presence of the tlh gene was confirmed in 70 and 19 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus, respectively. Besides, 10 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were also found positive for trh gene. During antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), very high resistance to cefotaxime (93.0%), amoxiclav (90.3%), ampicillin (88.2%), and ceftazidime (73.7%) was observed in all Vibrio species. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values of Vibrio isolates ranged from 0.00 to 0.75, with 90.1% of isolates showing resistance to ≥ 3 antibiotics. The AST and MAR patterns did not significantly vary sample-wise or Vibrio species-wise. During the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing of various antibiotics against Vibrio isolates, the highest MIC values were recorded for amoxiclav followed by kanamycin. These results indicated that multi-drug resistant Vibrio species could act as the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the shrimp culture environment. The limited host range of 12 previously isolated V. parahaemolyticus phages against V. parahaemolyticus isolates from this study indicated that multiple strains of V. parahaemolyticus were prevalent in inland saline shrimp culture farms. The findings of the current study emphasize that routine monitoring of emerging aquaculture areas is critical for AMR pathogen risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Sudan
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Rouf Ahmad Dar
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Chetna Sharma
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Prabjeet Singh
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Kumar B T
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - A K Arora
- College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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7
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Changsen C, Likhitrattanapisal S, Lunha K, Chumpol W, Jiemsup S, Prachumwat A, Kongkasuriyachai D, Ingsriswang S, Chaturongakul S, Lamalee A, Yongkiettrakul S, Buates S. Incidence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood in Bangkok and eastern Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15283. [PMID: 37193031 PMCID: PMC10183165 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain O3:K6 was first documented in 1996. Since then it has been accounted for large outbreaks of diarrhea globally. In Thailand, prior studies on pandemic and non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus had mostly been done in the south. The incidence and molecular characterization of pandemic and non-pandemic strains in other parts of Thailand have not been fully characterized. This study examined the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood samples purchased in Bangkok and collected in eastern Thailand and characterized V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Potential virulence genes, VPaI-7, T3SS2, and biofilm were examined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and AMR genes (ARGs) were determined. Methods V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 190 marketed and farmed seafood samples by a culture method and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The incidence of pandemic and non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus and VPaI-7, T3SS2, and biofilm genes was examined by PCR. AMR profiles were verified by a broth microdilution technique. The presence of ARGs was verified by genome analysis. V. parahaemolyticus characterization was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A phylogenomic tree was built from nucleotide sequences by UBCG2.0 and RAxML softwares. Results All 50 V. parahaemolyticus isolates including 21 pathogenic and 29 non-pathogenic strains from 190 samples had the toxRS/old sequence, indicating non-pandemic strains. All isolates had biofilm genes (VP0950, VP0952, and VP0962). None carried T3SS2 genes (VP1346 and VP1367), while VPaI-7 gene (VP1321) was seen in two isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles obtained from 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates revealed high frequency of resistance to colistin (100%, 36/36) and ampicillin (83%, 30/36), but susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (100%, 36/36). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 11 isolates (31%, 11/36). Genome analysis revealed ARGs including blaCARB (100%, 36/36), tet(34) (83%, 30/36), tet(35) (42%, 15/36), qnrC (6%, 2/36), dfrA6 (3%, 1/36), and blaCTX-M-55 (3%, 1/36). Phylogenomic and MLST analyses classified 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 5 clades, with 12 known and 13 novel sequence types (STs), suggesting high genetic variation among the isolates. Conclusions Although none V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafood samples purchased in Bangkok and collected in eastern Thailand were pandemic strains, around one third of isolates were MDR V. parahaemolyticus strains. The presence of resistance genes of the first-line antibiotics for V. parahaemolyticus infection raises a major concern for clinical treatment outcome since these resistance genes could be highly expressed under suitable circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chartchai Changsen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Likhitrattanapisal
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Lunha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Chumpol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Surasak Jiemsup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- AQHT, AAQG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
- CENTEX SHRIMP, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darin Kongkasuriyachai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Ingsriswang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Aekarin Lamalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Elhadi N, Yamani LZ, Aljeldah M, Alomar AI, Ibrahim H, Diab A. Serological and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns As Well As Molecular Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Coastal Waters in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:524-540. [PMID: 36239916 PMCID: PMC9561340 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus belongs to the halophilic genus of Vibrionaceae family that inhabits coastal and marine environments and is a major food-borne pathogen. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Saudi Arabia in particular, there is a lack of information regarding the detection of pandemic clone or serovariants of V. parahaemolyticus pandemic clones. Here, 400 seawater samples were collected and examined for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus from 10 locations along the coast of Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. The recovered isolates were serotyped, and studied for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and markers of pandemicity using PCR and Arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR typing patterns. All 40 isolates were tested negative for tdh, trh, and toxRS genes. Six serotypes were identified and three were clinically significant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates revealed high resistance towards penicillins, cephalosporins, and polymyxin; 60% of isolates were multi-drug resistant, whereas all isolates were susceptible to quinolones, carbapenems, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index among antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates revealed that 12 (30%) isolates had recorded significant MAR index higher than 0.2. AP-PCR fingerprinting could group all isolates into five distinct and identical pattern clusters with more than 85% similarity. Our findings demonstrate that pandemic serovariants of pandemic clones were not exclusively limited to strains isolated from fecal specimens of infected patients. Nine environmental strains of serotype O1:KUT, O1: K25, and O5:K17 were isolated from costal seawater, and thus the spread of these serovariants strains of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus in the environment is to avoid any kind of threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lamya Zohair Yamani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr-Al Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Ibrahim Alomar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Diab
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhong X, Pan Z, Mu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yang M, Yao H. Characterization and epidemiological analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from different marine products in East China. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 380:109867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Phage vB_VpaP_GHSM17 from Sewage Samples. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081601. [PMID: 35893666 PMCID: PMC9331696 DOI: 10.3390/v14081601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen and the main cause of diarrheal diseases transmitted by seafood such as fish, shrimp, and shellfish. In the current study, a novel lytic phage infecting V. parahaemolyticus, vB_VpaP_GHSM17, was isolated from the sewage of a seafood market, Huangsha, Guangzhou, and its morphology, biochemistry, and taxonomy features were identified. Morphological observation revealed that GHSM17 had an icosahedral head with a short, non-contractile tail. The double-stranded DNA genome of GHSM17 consisted of 43,228 bp with a GC content of 49.42%. In total, 45 putative ORFs were identified in the GHSM17 genome. Taxonomic analysis indicated GHSM17 belonging to genus Maculvirus, family Autographiviridae. In addition, GHSM17 was stable over a wide range of temperatures (20-60 °C) and pH (5-11) and was completely inactivated after 70 min of ultraviolet irradiation. The bacterial inhibition assay revealed that GHSM17 could inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus within 8 h. The results support that phage GHSM17 may be a potential candidate in the biological control of V. parahaemolyticus contamination in aquaculture.
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Harrison J, Nelson K, Morcrette H, Morcrette C, Preston J, Helmer L, Titball RW, Butler CS, Wagley S. The increased prevalence of Vibrio species and the first reporting of Vibrio jasicida and Vibrio rotiferianus at UK shellfish sites. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:117942. [PMID: 35042073 PMCID: PMC8841665 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Warming sea-surface temperature has led to an increase in the prevalence of Vibrio species in marine environments. This can be observed particularly in temperate regions where conditions for their growth has become more favourable. The increased prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species has resulted in a worldwide surge of Vibriosis infections in human and aquatic animals. This study uses sea-surface temperature data around the English and Welsh coastlines to identify locations where conditions for the presence and growth of Vibrio species is favourable. Shellfish samples collected from three locations that were experiencing an increase in sea-surface temperature were found to be positive for the presence of Vibrio species. We identified important aquaculture pathogens Vibrio rotiferianus and Vibrio jasicida from these sites that have not been reported in UK waters. We also isolated human pathogenic Vibrio species including V. parahaemolyticus from these sites. This paper reports the first isolation of V. rotiferianus and V. jasicida from UK shellfish and highlights a growing diversity of Vibrio species inhabiting British waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Harrison
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Kathryn Nelson
- Sussex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority, 12a Riverside Business Centre, Brighton Road, Shoreham BN43 6RE, UK
| | - Helen Morcrette
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Joanne Preston
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Luke Helmer
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK; Blue Marine Foundation, Somerset House, London WC2R 1LA, UK
| | - Richard W Titball
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Clive S Butler
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sariqa Wagley
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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Zaafrane S, Maatouk K, Alibi S, Ben Mansour H. Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the Tunisian coastal seawater. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:369-384. [PMID: 36366993 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous in seawater or estuarine water throughout the world. It is a major cause of seafood gastroenteritis complications. In this study, the presence of V. parahaemolyticus was investigated in 66 seawater samples collected during 2018 from 15 stations spread along the Tunisian coast using selective media including CHROMagar Vibrio media. The results show that only eight samples contained V. parahaemolyticus. However, while Vibrio alginolyticus was detected in all samples; both Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus were not found. Nine of the presumed V. parahaemolyticus colonies were purified on tryptic soy agar from eight positive samples then identified by the API 20E biochemical test and confirmed by the presence of a specific target toxR gene. The detection of virulence genes, thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and thermostable-related haemolysin (trh), by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the presence of only two trh-positive isolates. The assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of the V. parahaemolyticus isolated revealed a complete resistance to colistin, amikacin, penicillin and cefotaxime and a total sensitivity to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) ranging from 0.4 to 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaafrane
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khniss Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Kaouthar Maatouk
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khniss Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sana Alibi
- UR - Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir Tunisia, Mahdia, Tunisia E-mail:
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- UR - Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir Tunisia, Mahdia, Tunisia E-mail:
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Application of novel lytic bacteriophages to control Vibrio parahaemolyticus load in seafood. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-021-01356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Zhai Y, Meng X, Li L, Liu Y, Xu K, Zhao C, Wang J, Song X, Li J, Jin M. Rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using magnetic nanobead-based immunoseparation and quantum dot-based immunofluorescence. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38638-38647. [PMID: 35493221 PMCID: PMC9044181 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scale of population exposure and food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) has shown a significant upward trend, becoming one of the primary food-borne pathogens. Herein, we developed a rapid and sensitive detection of V. parahaemolyticus by integrating the technology of magnetic nanobeads (MBs) based immunoseparation (IMS) with quantum dots (QDs) based immunofluorescence. Firstly, specific rabbit polyclone IgG antibodies (IgG) and chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) of V. parahaemolyticus were prepared. Then two sizes of MBs (1 μm; 180 nm) were coupled with IgG to form immuno-MB (IMB) capture probes for evaluating the effect of different sizes on the detection efficiency. For QDs, they were conjugated with IgY to form fluorescent reporting probes. In the process of detection, IMB probes were used to separate V. parahaemolyticus and then these complexes were labeled by QD probes on the principle of double antibody sandwich. The fluorescence intensity of the IMB-V. parahaemolyticus-QD complexes was measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The detection method takes 150 min with a detection limit of 102 cfu mL-1 ranging from 102 to 106 cfu mL-1 and it has been shown to work satisfactorily in real food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhai
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 Guangzhou China
| | - Yushen Liu
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
- Engineering Research Center of Jilin Public Health Testing, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Xiuling Song
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
| | - Minghua Jin
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University 1163 Xinmin Street Changchun 130021 Jilin China +86 43185619441
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Almejhim M, Aljeldah M, Elhadi N. Improved isolation and detection of toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from coastal water in Saudi Arabia using immunomagnetic enrichment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12402. [PMID: 34760388 PMCID: PMC8559605 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized globally as a cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and its widely disseminated in marine and coastal environment throughout the world. The main aim of this study was conducted to investigate the presence of toxigenic V. parahaemolyticus in costal water in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia by using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) in combination with chromogenic Vibrio agar medium and PCR targeting toxR gene of species level and virulence genes. Methods A total of 192 seawater samples were collected from five locations and enriched in alkaline peptone water (APW) broth. One-milliliter portion from enriched samples in APW were mixed with an immunomagnetic beads (IMB) coated with specific antibodies against V. parahaemolyticus polyvalent K antisera and separated beads with captured bacteria streaked on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagar Vibrio (CaV) medium. Results Of the 192 examined seawater samples, 38 (19.8%) and 44 (22.9%) were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, producing green and mauve colonies on TCBS agar and CaV medium, respectively. Among 120 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated in this study, 3 (2.5%) and 26 (21.7%) isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated without and with IMB treatment tested positive for the toxin regulatory (toxR) gene, respectively. Screening of the confirmed toxR gene-positive isolates revealed that 21 (17.5%) and 3 (2.5%) were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) encoding gene in strains isolated with IMB and without IMB treatment, respectively. None of the V. parahaemolyticus strains tested positive for the thermostable related hemolysin (trh) gene. In this study, we found that the CaV medium has no advantage over TCBS agar if IMB concentration treatment is used during secondary enrichment steps of environmental samples. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR DNA fingerprinting analysis revealed high genomic diversity, and 18 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were grouped and identified into four identical ERIC clonal group patterns. Conclusions The presented study reports the first detection of tdh producing V. parahaemolyticus in coastal water in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Almejhim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Indian oyster and their probable implication in food chain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:145. [PMID: 34351514 PMCID: PMC8339392 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the leading causes of diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in human on consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked seafood. This study was aimed at isolating and characterizing the pathogenic and pandemic V. parahaemolyticus from oysters (n = 90) in coastal parts of West Bengal, India; their antibiotic resistance and potential for involvement in the food chain. During bacteriological culture, typical V. parahaemolyticus colony was recovered in 88.9% samples followed by presumptive identification in 71 (78.9%) samples by characteristic biochemical (K/A) test. All the presumptive isolates (n = 71) were confirmed by species specific Vp-toxR PCR assay. Of these, 10 (14.08%) were tdh+ and none for the trh. Further, 5 (50%) of these tdh+ isolates were found to carry the pandemic potential gene in PGS-PCR assay; however, none in GS-PCR. Majority (80%) of these pathogenic (tdh+) isolates belonged to pandemic serovars (OUT: KUT; OUT: K24; O1: KUT; O1:K25; O10: KUT) and only 20% to non-pandemic serovars (OUT: K15; O9:K17). All the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to cefpodoxime followed by ampicillin and cefotaxime (90%), ceftizoxime (60%), tetracycline (50%), ceftriaxone (40%), ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (10% each). Overall, the study findings suggested that 11.1% (10/90) of commonly marketed oysters in this area were harbouring pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Moreover, 5.5% (5/90) of the oyster population were harbouring pandemic strains of this pathogen. Besides, the pathogenic isolates from oysters were exhibiting a considerable genetic relatedness (53 to 70%) to human clinical isolates in PFGE analysis that relates to a substantial public health risk. Further, their multidrug resistance added gravity to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a globally growing public health threat and this is a critical area of concern especially during the treatment of foodborne gastroenteritis.
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Kumar S, Kumar CB, Rajendran V, Abishaw N, Anand PSS, Kannapan S, Nagaleekar VK, Vijayan KK, Alavandi SV. Delineating virulence of Vibrio campbellii: a predominant luminescent bacterial pathogen in Indian shrimp hatcheries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15831. [PMID: 34349168 PMCID: PMC8339124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescent vibriosis is a major bacterial disease in shrimp hatcheries and causes up to 100% mortality in larval stages of penaeid shrimps. We investigated the virulence factors and genetic identity of 29 luminescent Vibrio isolates from Indian shrimp hatcheries and farms, which were earlier presumed as Vibrio harveyi. Haemolysin gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR and phylogenetic analysis of rpoD and toxR identified all the isolates as V. campbellii. The gene-specific PCR revealed the presence of virulence markers involved in quorum sensing (luxM, luxS, cqsA), motility (flaA, lafA), toxin (hly, chiA, serine protease, metalloprotease), and virulence regulators (toxR, luxR) in all the isolates. The deduced amino acid sequence analysis of virulence regulator ToxR suggested four variants, namely A123Q150 (AQ; 18.9%), P123Q150 (PQ; 54.1%), A123P150 (AP; 21.6%), and P123P150 (PP; 5.4% isolates) based on amino acid at 123rd (proline or alanine) and 150th (glutamine or proline) positions. A significantly higher level of the quorum-sensing signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2, p = 2.2e-12), and significantly reduced protease activity (p = 1.6e-07) were recorded in AP variant, whereas an inverse trend was noticed in the Q150 variants AQ and PQ. The pathogenicity study in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei juveniles revealed that all the isolates of AQ were highly pathogenic with Cox proportional hazard ratio 15.1 to 32.4 compared to P150 variants; PP (5.4 to 6.3) or AP (7.3 to 14). The correlation matrix suggested that protease, a metalloprotease, was positively correlated with pathogenicity (p > 0.05) and negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with AI-2 and AI-1. The syntenic organization of toxS-toxR-htpG operon in V. campbellii was found to be similar to pathogenic V. cholerae suggesting a similar regulatory role. The present study emphasizes that V. campbellii is a predominant pathogen in Indian shrimp hatcheries, and ToxR plays a significant role as a virulence regulator in the quorum sensing-protease pathway. Further, the study suggests that the presence of glutamine at 150th position (Q150) in ToxR is crucial for the pathogenicity of V. campbellii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Kumar
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India ,grid.473401.50000 0001 2301 4227ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha Marg, Lucknow, 226002 India
| | - Vidya Rajendran
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - Nishawlini Abishaw
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - P. S. Shyne Anand
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - S. Kannapan
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - Viswas K. Nagaleekar
- grid.417990.20000 0000 9070 5290ICAR -Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - K. K. Vijayan
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - S. V. Alavandi
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
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Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061220. [PMID: 34199972 PMCID: PMC8226915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the significant seafood-borne pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are commonly detected in the genomes of V. parahaemolyticus and the polymorphism of CRISPR patterns has been applied as a genetic marker for tracking its evolution. In this work, a total of 15 pandemic and 36 non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from seafood between 2000 and 2012 were characterized based on hemolytic activity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and CRISPR elements. The results showed that 15/17 of the V. parahaemolyticus seafood isolates carrying the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh+) were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged between 0.1 and 0.4, and 45% of the isolates have an MAR index ≥ 0.2. A total of 19 isolates were positive for CRISPR detection, including all tdh+ trh− isolates, two of tdh− trh+, and each of tdh+ trh+ and tdh− trh−. Four spacer types (Sp1 to Sp4) were identified, and CRISPR-positive isolates had at least one type of spacer homolog to the region of Vibrio alginolyticus megaplasmid. It is of interest that a specific CRISPR profile and spacer sequence type was observed with correlations to the hemolysin genotype (tdh/trh). Thus, these provide essential data on the exposure of foreign genetic elements and indicate shared ancestry within different genotypes of V. parahaemolyticus isolates.
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Li Z, Guan H, Wang W, Gao H, Feng W, Li J, Diao B, Zhao H, Kan B, Zhang J. Development of a Rapid and Fully Automated Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Identification and Differentiation of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus on the BD MAX Platform. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:639473. [PMID: 33718286 PMCID: PMC7947656 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.639473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are common diarrheal pathogens of great public health concern. A multiplex TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay was developed on the BD MAX platform; this assay can simultaneously detect and differentiate V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus directly from human fecal specimens. The assay includes two reactions. One reaction, BDM-VC, targets the gene ompW, the cholera toxin (CT) coding gene ctxA, the O1 serogroup specific gene rfbN, and the O139 serogroup specific gene wbfR of V. cholerae. The other, BDM-VP, targets the gene toxR and the toxin coding genes tdh and trh of V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, each reaction contains a sample process control. When evaluated with spiked stool samples, the detection limit of the BD MAX assay was 195–780 CFU/ml for V. cholerae and 46–184 CFU/ml for V. parahaemolyticus, and the amplification efficiency of all genes was between 95 and 115%. The assay showed 100% analytical specificity, using 63 isolates. The BD MAX assay was evaluated for its performance compared with conventional real-time PCR after automated DNA extraction steps, using 164 retrospective stool samples. The overall percent agreement between the BD MAX assay and real-time PCR was ≥ 98.8%; the positive percent agreement was 85.7% for ompW, 100% for toxR/tdh, and lower (66.7%) for trh because of a false negative. This is the first report to evaluate the usage of the BD MAX open system in detection and differentiation of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus directly from human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Guan
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Feng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Anas A, Sukumaran V, Nampullipurackal Devarajan D, Maniyath S, Chekidhenkuzhiyil J, Mary A, Parakkaparambil Kuttan S, Tharakan B. Probiotics inspired from natural ecosystem to inhibit the growth of Vibrio spp. causing white gut syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33489684 PMCID: PMC7803865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics inspired by host-microbe interactions in the natural ecosystem are propitious in controlling bacterial infections in aquaculture and veterinary systems. Here we report the isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and lactic acid bacteria from an intensive culture system of Litopenaeus vannamei and natural ecosystem, respectively. The pathogen isolated from the gut of L. vannamei showing the symptoms of white gut disease were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. campbelli. Both the pathogens expressed the virulence genes, rtxA, and tcpA and were showing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.5. The lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sediment and gut of benthic organisms (shrimp and polychaetes) collected from a tropical estuary were classified as member of 9 OTUs such as Pediococcus stilessi, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. rhamnosus, Weissella cibaria, Enterococcus durans, E. fecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus and L. garvieae. Majority of these isolates were facultative in nature and were able to tolerate gastric juice and bile salt. Out of 83 bacteria isolated from sediment and gut, 36 showed abilities to reduce the pH of culture medium to less than five. Many of these isolates (34 Nos.) showed production of hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites with antagonistic activity against both the pathogens (1 No.) or separately toward V. parahaemolyticus (9 Nos.) and V. campbelli (11 Nos.). Overall, the current study proposes a natural ecosystem as a potential source of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potentials to prevent the vibriosis disease outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture systems. Further studies are required to understand the abilities of lactic acid bacteria to colonize shrimp intestine, stimulate immune system and manipulate microbiome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | - Vrinda Sukumaran
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Shijina Maniyath
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Ann Mary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Balu Tharakan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
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21
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Fu S, Yang Q, Wang Q, Pang B, Lan R, Wei D, Qu B, Liu Y. Continuous Genomic Surveillance Monitored the In Vivo Evolutionary Trajectories of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Identified a New Virulent Genotype. mSystems 2021; 6:e01254-20. [PMID: 33468708 PMCID: PMC7820670 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01254-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to predict evolutionary trajectories of pathogens is one of the promising leverages to fight against the pandemic disease, yet few studies have addressed this question in situ, due to the difficulty in monitoring the milestone evolutionary events for a given pathogen and in understanding the evolutionary strategies. In this study, we monitored the real-time evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in response to successive antibiotic treatment in three shrimp farms in North China from 2011 to 2018 by whole-genome sequencing. Results showed that the stepwise emergence of resistance was associated with the antibiotic usage. Genomic analysis of resistant isolates showed that the acquisition of the resistant mobile genetic elements flanked by an insertion sequence (ISVal1) closely mirrored the antibiotics used in shrimp farms since 2014. Next, we also identified 50 insertion sites of ISVal1 in the chromosome, which facilitated the formation of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and fitness islands in the following years. Further, horizontal transfers of a virulent trh-nik-ure genomic island (GI) and two GIs improving the fitness have been observed in two farms since 2016. In this case study, we proposed that the insertion sequence triggered four major evolutionary events during the outbreaks of shrimp disease in three farms, including horizontal transfer of transposon (HTT) (stage 1), the formation of resistance islands (stage 2) and the PAIs (stage 3), and horizontal transfer of the PAIs (stage 4). This study presented the first in vivo evolutionary trajectories for a given bacterial pathogen, which helps us to understand the emergence mechanisms of new genotypes.IMPORTANCE Most human infectious diseases originate from animals. Thus, how to reduce or prevent pandemic zoonoses before they emerge in people is becoming a critical issue. Continuous genomic surveillance of the evolutionary trajectories of potential human pathogens on farms is a promising strategy to realize early warning. Here, we conducted an 8-year surveillance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in three shrimp farms. The results showed that the use of antibiotics and horizontal transfer of transposons (HTT) drove the evolution of V. parahaemolyticus, which could be divided into four stages: HTT, formation of resistance islands, formation of pathogenicity islands (PAIs), and horizontal transfer of PAIs. This study presented the first in vivo monitoring of evolutionary trajectories for a given bacterial pathogen, providing valuable information for the prevention of pandemic zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Fu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qingyao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawei Wei
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baocheng Qu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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22
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Anupama KP, Nayak A, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Maiti B. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay along with conventional and real-time PCR assay for sensitive detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood sample without enrichment. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1009-1016. [PMID: 33423185 PMCID: PMC7796815 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The primary reason for foodborne illness is improper seafood safety testing, and hence, an appropriate tool for testing is the key to control the outbreaks. The current study aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, important foodborne pathogen, targeting tdh, and trh genes. The specificity of the LAMP assay was good without any false-positive and false-negative results. The assay was highly sensitive and could detect the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus as low as 1 CFU/reaction in spiked seafood samples and 1 pg of extracted DNA. Out of 62 seafood samples from India’s southwest coastal region tested with LAMP assay, eight (12.9%) were positive for trh, and seven (11.29%) samples were positive tdh gene. LAMP-based on tdh and trh was found to be significantly more sensitive (p < 0.05) than conventional PCR and nearly equal sensitive as real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Our study shows that LAMP assay can be a better approach as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool and could detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus on seafood samples directly without enrichment and isolation. The high sensitivity and simplicity make LAMP assay a better alternative method than the conventional method and RT-PCR for the detection of pathogens. LAMP assay can be considered as a good alternative to PCR for the routine detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanth Padyana Anupama
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Ashwath Nayak
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Ou A, Wang K, Ye Y, Chen L, Gong X, Qian L, Liu J. Direct Detection of Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) Salmonella in Real Food System by a Rapid and Accurate PMA-CPA Technique. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634555. [PMID: 33679667 PMCID: PMC7930388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a typical foodborne pathogen with multiple toxic effects, including invasiveness, endotoxins, and enterotoxins. Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) is a type of dormant form preserving the vitality of microorganisms, but it cannot be cultured by traditional laboratory techniques. The aim of this study is to develop a propidium monoazide-crossing priming amplification (PMA-CPA) method that can successfully detect S. enterica rapidly with high sensitivity and can identify VBNC cells in food samples. Five primers (4s, 5a, 2a/1s, 2a, and 3a) were specially designed for recognizing the specific invA gene. The specificity of the CPA assay was tested by 20 different bacterial strains, including 2 standard S. enterica and 18 non-S. enterica bacteria strains covering Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates. Except for the two standard S. enterica ATCC14028 and ATCC29629, all strains showed negative results. Moreover, PMA-CPA can detect the VBNC cells both in pure culture and three types of food samples with significant color change. In conclusion, the PMA-CPA assay was successfully applied on detecting S. enterica in VBNC state from food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Ou
- Department of Food, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Lu Qian,
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Junyan Liu,
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Sadat A, El-Sherbiny H, Zakaria A, Ramadan H, Awad A. Prevalence, antibiogram and virulence characterization of Vibrio isolates from fish and shellfish in Egypt: a possible zoonotic hazard to humans. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:485-498. [PMID: 33187023 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Infection of seafood with pathogenic species of the genus Vibrio causes human food-borne illnesses. This study was executed to examine the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, biofilm-forming capability and virulence-associated genes of Vibrio from fish and shellfishes. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred fresh water and marine fish and shellfish samples were collected from wet markets and supermarkets in Mansoura, Egypt. Bacteriological examination and PCR amplification identified 92 Vibrio spp., including 42 Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 50 Vibrio alginolyticus isolates from the examined fish and shellfish (infection rate: 30·67%). However, V. vulnificus was not found in this study. Vibrio spp. exhibited variable frequencies of antimicrobial resistance with higher percentages to ampicillin and penicillin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 69·04 and 38% of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus respectively. PCR testing of virulence genes, tdh, trh and tlh revealed the presence of tlh and trh in 100 and 11·9% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates respectively and none of V. alginolyticus carried any of these genes. Biofilm-forming capability was displayed by 76% of V. parahaemolyticus and 73·8% of V. alginolyticus isolates. Both V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus showed nonsignificant weak positive correlations (r < 0·4) between antimicrobial pairs belonging to different classes; however, a significant positive correlation (P <0·05) between trh and resistance to erythromycin (r = 0·45) and imipenem (r = 0·38) was only identified in V. parahaemolyticus. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the existence of MDR strains of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus from the common types of fishes and shellfishes in Egypt. Furthermore, the presence of virulence genes in these isolates and the ability to produce a biofilm in vitro pose potential health hazards to consumers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Frequent monitoring of seafood for the presence of Vibrio spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence determinants and biofilm-forming capability is important for assessing the risk posed by these organisms to the public and for improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H El-Sherbiny
- Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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25
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Almuhaideb E, Chintapenta LK, Abbott A, Parveen S, Ozbay G. Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242229. [PMID: 33270659 PMCID: PMC7714158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and seawater samples collected from Delaware Bay from June through October of 2016. Environmental parameters including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll a were measured per sampling event. Oysters homogenate and seawater samples were 10-fold serially diluted and directly plated on CHROMagarᵀᴹ Vibrio medium. Presumptive V. parahaemolyticus colonies were counted and at least 20% of these colonies were selected for molecular chracterization. V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 165) were screened for the presence of the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene, the pathogenic thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)/ thermostable related hemolysin (trh) genes, the regulatory transmembrane DNA-binding gene (toxR), and V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease (vpm) gene using a conventional PCR. The highest mean levels of the presumptive V. parahaemolyticus were 9.63×103 CFU/g and 1.85×103 CFU/mL in the oyster and seawater samples, respectively, during the month of July. V. parahaemolyticus levels in oyster and seawater samples were significantly positively correlated with water temperature. Of the 165 isolates, 137 (83%), 110 (66.7%), and 108 (65%) were tlh+, vpm+, and toxR+, respectively. Among the V. parahaemolyticus (tlh+) isolates, 7 (5.1%) and 15 (10.9%) were tdh+ and trh+, respectively, and 24 (17.5%), only oyster isolates, were positive for both genes. Potential pathogenic strains that possessed tdh and/or trh were notably higher in oyster (39%) than seawater (15.6%) isolates. The occurrence of total V. parahaemolyticus (tlh+) was not necessarily proportional to the potential pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Co-occurrence of the five genetic markers were observed only among oyster isolates. The co-occurrence of the gene markers showed a relatedness potential of tdh occurrence with vpm. We believe exploring the role of V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease and whether it is involved in the toxic activity of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) protein can be of significance. The outcomes of this study will provide some foundation for future studies regarding pathogenic Vibrio dynamics in relation to environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Almuhaideb
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Lathadevi K Chintapenta
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Amanda Abbott
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gulnihal Ozbay
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
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26
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Narayanan SV, Joseph TC, Peeralil S, Koombankallil R, Vaiyapuri M, Mothadaka MP, Lalitha KV. Tropical shrimp aquaculture farms harbour pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus with high genetic diversity and Carbapenam resistance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111551. [PMID: 32810670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In characterization of food borne pathogens from the environment, assessment of virulence, genetic diversity and AMR are essential preludes to formulate preventive strategies and to combat the spread. This study aimed to identify and characterize pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the coastal aquaculture farms of Kerala, India. Twenty-seven β-haemolytic V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from 7 out of 40 farms studied. Among the 27 isolates, 15 possessed the tdh gene and 4 had trh. ERIC PCR and PFGE illustrated the presence of pathogenic isolates that shared genetic similarity with clinical strains. One pathogenic isolate was identified to be multidrug resistant (MDR) and 59% exhibited a MAR index of 0.2 or above. Seventy four percent of the pathogenic isolates were ESBL producers and 3.7% of them were carbapenemase producers phenotypically. This asks for adoption of control measures during farming to prevent the transmission of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus to the environment and food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith V Narayanan
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kalamassery, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India.
| | - Toms C Joseph
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Reshmi Koombankallil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Murugadas Vaiyapuri
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Mukteswar P Mothadaka
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Kuttanapilly V Lalitha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
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27
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The Impact of Water Intrusion on Pathogenic Vibrio Species to Inland Brackish Waters of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186781. [PMID: 32957572 PMCID: PMC7558382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The estuary is the ecological niche of pathogenic Vibrio spp. as it provides abundant organic and inorganic nutrients from seawater and rivers. However, little is known about the ecology of these Vibrio species in the inland brackish water area. In this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints (salinity and temperature) in the Hun-Tai River of China were examined using the most probable number polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) approach. We hereby report 2-year continuous surveillance based on six water indices of the Hun-Tai River. The results showed that seawater intrusion maximally reached inland as far as 26.5 km for the Hun-Tai River. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. were detected in 21.9% of the water samples. In particular, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were isolated in 10 (10.4%), 20 (20.8.5%), and 2 (2.08%) samples, respectively. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were tdh gene negative, 10% were positive for the trh gene. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) divided V. parahaemolyticus strains into 12 sequence types (STs) for the Hun-Tai River. Five STs were respectively present in various locations along the Hun-Tai River. The PCR assay for detecting six virulence genes and Vibrio seventh pandemic island I and II revealed three genotypes in 12 V. cholerae isolates. The results of our study showed that seawater intrusion and salinity have profound effects on the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the inland river, suggesting a potential health risk associated with the waters of the Hun-Tai River used for irrigation and drinking.
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28
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Ford CL, Powell A, Lau DYL, Turner AD, Dhanji-Rapkova M, Martinez-Urtaza J, Baker-Austin C. Isolation and characterization of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in a temperate, higher latitude hotspot. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:424-434. [PMID: 32452117 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of Vibrio infections at high latitudes represents a clear human health risk attributable to climate change. Here, we investigate the population dynamics of three Vibrio species: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae within a British coastal estuarine site, with contrasting salinity and temperature regimes during an intense heatwave event. Water samples were collected weekly through the summer of 2018 and 2019 and filtered using membrane filtration and subsequently grown on selective media. Suspected vibrios were confirmed using a conventional species-specific PCR assay and further analysed for potential pathogenic markers. Results showed that Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae were present at high concentrations throughout both years, with their populations at substantially greater abundances corresponding to conditions of higher water temperatures during the heatwave of 2018 and at lower salinity sites, which is comparable to the results of previous studies. A subset of strains isolated during the extreme heatwave event in 2018 (46 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 11 Vibrio cholerae and 4 Vibrio vulnificus) were genomically sequenced. Analysis of these 63 sequenced strains revealed a broad phenotypic and genomic diversity of strains circulating in the environment. An analysis of pathogenicity attributes identified a broad array of virulence genes across all three species, including a variety of genes associated with human disease. This study highlights the importance of the need for an increased Vibrio spp. surveillance system in temperate regions and the potential impact warming events such as heatwaves may have on the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Ford
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Andy Powell
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Dawn Yan Lam Lau
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
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29
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Song X, Zang J, Yu W, Shi X, Wu Y. Occurrence and Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio Contaminants in Common Seafood Available in a Chinese Traditional Market in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32695094 PMCID: PMC7338590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the causative agents for foodborne diseases and subsequent development of preventive steps to control the outbreak and related economic loss is the basic goal and priority of a rational food safety program. The entero-pathogenic Vibrio spp., which are Gram negative bacteria inhabiting estuarine ecosystems, are the major cause of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood or shellfish. To survey the Vibrio contamination in sea snails (Neptunea cumingi Crosse and Busycon canaliculatu), a total of 20 samples were collected from traditional market, at Qingdao city in Shandong province, China and analyzed for Vibrio species contamination. Presumptive-positive colonies grown on a specific Vibrio agar-based medium were picked and identified by the VITEKTM. Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulgaris were isolated and identified in 11, 8, and 2 seafood samples, respectively. Among the 8 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. The V. parahaemolyticus isolates were further tested for the tdh, trh, and tlh virulence factors. All the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tlh-positive, however, all of them were tdh-negative. Interestingly 2 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for trh virulence factor. These results indicated that there is a high incidence of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus in sea snails. Therefore, food safety regulations for fishery auction markets should be established to control these species in addition to other Vibrio pathogenic contaminants. Our study provides the first evidence for the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in sea snail samples from traditional market in the Qingdao province of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Weisen Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexiang Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Rapid identification and detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus via different types of modus operandi with LAMP method in vivo. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an easy-ignored food-borne pathogen, can cause bacterial outbreaks and human disease during early-stage infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the detection efficiency of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as an emerging technique to directly detect V. parahaemolyticus infection in mammalian hosts and assess its potential in clinical applications.
Methods
A LAMP assay was used for rapid identification of V. parahaemolyticus in a variety of mouse models in which animals were infected via the digestive tract, wounds, or through general infection, and the results were compared with routine analytical methods.
Results
Our results confirmed that the LAMP assay was capable of detecting V. parahaemolyticus in different mouse organs independent of the source of bacteria, although its sensitivity depended on the route of infection and the organ affected. Foodborne-derived V. parahaemolyticus was the most sensitive route, with the small intestine being the most sensitive organ. The LAMP assay indicated that V. parahaemolyticus that spread through the blood stream had the most serious consequences during early-stage infection. Positive LAMP results were identified in all blood samples from i.v. injected mice. Furthermore, the LAMP method could directly detect trace quantities of V. parahaemolyticus in fresh peripheral blood while conventional methods failed to do so, thereby shortening the time-to-result from days to minutes.
Conclusions
In this study, we demonstrated that the LAMP assay was effective in speeding up the detection of V. parahaemolyticus. Instead of being a secondary method to assist in the clinic, the LAMP assay has potential for use as the primary technique for rapid detection of V. parahaemolyticus in the future.
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Narayanan SV, Joseph TC, Peeralil S, Mothadaka MP, Lalitha KV. Prevalence, Virulence Characterization, AMR Pattern and Genetic Relatedness of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates From Retail Seafood of Kerala, India. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32318050 PMCID: PMC7154082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium often found in the marine or estuarine environment is a well-known enteropathogen responsible for foodborne outbreaks associated with seafood. The pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus are marked by the presence of thermostable direct hemoylsin (tdh) and/or TDH related hemolysin (trh) genes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in selected retail markets of Cochin, Kerala, along the south-western coast of the Indian subcontinent. One hundred samples collected from 10 retail markets were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. Out of the 721 presumptive isolates, 648 were confirmed to be V. parahaemolyticus by toxR gene amplification, among which 29 were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. Among these potentially pathogenic isolates, 17 possessed the tdh gene whereas none of them had the trh gene. The faint amplification bands produced during the amplification of tdh gene from two isolates was confirmed by sequencing. Multiplex O serotyping identified O1 serotype as the most prevalent serotype among the 29 potentially pathogenic isolates. Further, studies on the pandemic nature of these isolates revealed that 14 of the 29 were positive for the PGS-PCR, whereas all the isolates were negative for GS-PCR and HU-α PCR. The antibiogram of the isolates revealed that three isolates had significant Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 0.2 or above. Pathogenic isolates resistant to second, third and fourth generation Cephalosporins were found to be present in the seafood studied. The molecular fingerprinting studies using ERIC-PCR, and PFGE revealed that three of these isolates shared close genetic similarities with the clinical strains. The environmental and seafood isolates that produced faint amplification bands during the amplification of tdh gene suggests that the tdh gene often goes undetected in environmental isolates. The conventional methods used to identify the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus would be good for clinical isolates, but a more elaborate method is recommended for the detection of tdh gene in environmental isolates. This is the first comprehensive study on pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in Kerala, India and demonstrates for the first time, the isolation of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, carrying tdh gene from seafood collected from retail markets in Kerala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith V Narayanan
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India.,Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Toms C Joseph
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Mukteswar P Mothadaka
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Kuttanappilly V Lalitha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
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Singhapol C, Tinrat S. Virulence Genes Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Anti-vibrio Activity of the Citrus Extracts. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1390-1398. [PMID: 32179973 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is a marine bacterium that opportunistically caused foodborne gastroenteritis in human and some diseases in marine animals. The isolated strain of V. parahaemolyticus WS001 from Samut Sakhon, Thailand has a presence of ldh (~ 450 bp) toxA (~ 333 bp) and toxB (~ 1269 bp) genes which showed pathogenicity in shrimp. This strain is suspected as low pathogenicity in human due to the lack of tdh and trh genes for encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), respectively. The shrimp pathogenic strain was tested and revealed the multi-antibiotic resistances but was susceptible to norfloxacin (10 μg/ml). Citrus peel extracts were examined because they are rich in bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids that are effective in anti-VP activities. The ethanolic peel extracts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle and Citrus hystrix DC. were found to be more anti-VP effect than other solvent extracts by Agar disc diffusion method at an optimum concentration of 50 mg/ml and Broth micro-dilution method (MICs of 50-100 mg/ml and MBCs of 100-200 mg/ml). Thus, C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle peel extract was a distinctive candidate for the development of alternative natural agent to control the spreading of diseases in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchawan Singhapol
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sirikhwan Tinrat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
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Hackbusch S, Wichels A, Gimenez L, Döpke H, Gerdts G. Potentially human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in a coastal transect: Occurrence and multiple virulence factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136113. [PMID: 31864001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An increase in human Vibrio spp. infections has been linked to climate change related events, in particular to seawater warming and heatwaves. However, there is a distinct lack of research of pathogenic Vibrio spp. occurrences in the temperate North Sea, one of the fastest warming seas globally. Particularly in the German Bight, Vibrio investigations are still scarce. This study focuses on the spatio-temporal quantification and pathogenic characterization of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae over the course of 14 months. Species-specific MPN-PCR (Most probable number - polymerase chain reaction) conducted on selectively enriched surface water samples revealed seasonal patterns of all three species with increased abundances during summer months. The extended period of warm seawater coincided with prolonged Vibrio spp. occurrences in the German Bight. Temperature and nitrite were the factors explaining variations in Vibrio spp. abundances after generalized additive mixed models. The specific detection of pathogenic markers via PCR revealed trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus, pathogenic V. vulnificus (nanA, manIIA, PRXII) and V. cholerae serotype O139 presence. Additionally, spatio-temporally varying virulence profiles of V. cholerae with multiple accessory virulence-associated genes, such as the El Tor variant hemolysin (hlyAET), acyltransferase of the repeats-in-toxin cluster (rtxC), Vibrio 7th pandemic island II (VSP-II), Type III Secretion System (TTSS) and the Cholix Toxin (chxA) were detected. Overall, this study highlights that environmental human pathogenic Vibrio spp. comprise a reservoir of virulence-associated genes in the German Bight, especially in estuarine regions. Due to their known vast genetic plasticity, we point to the possible emergence of highly pathogenic V. cholerae strains. Particularly, the presence of V. cholerae serotype O139 is unusual and needs urgent continuous surveillance. Given the predictions of further warming and more frequent heatwave events, human pathogenic Vibrio spp. should be seriously considered as a developing risk to human health in the German Bight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika Hackbusch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Luis Gimenez
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, LL50 5AB Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Hilke Döpke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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Ling N, Shen J, Guo J, Zeng D, Ren J, Sun L, Jiang Y, Xue F, Dai J, Li B. Rapid and accurate detection of viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus by sodium deoxycholate-propidium monoazide-qPCR in shrimp. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from different types of seafood in Selangor, Malaysia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1602-1608. [PMID: 32489301 PMCID: PMC7253911 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that may cause gastroenteritis in humans through the consumption of seafood contaminated with this microorganism. The emergence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria is another serious public health threat worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility test of V. parahaemolyticus in blood clams, shrimps, surf clams, and squids were determined. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood was 85.71% (120/140), consisting of 91.43% (32/35) in blood clam, 88.57% (31/35) in shrimps, 82.86% (29/35) in surf clams, and 80% (28/35) in squids. The majority of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the seafood samples were found to be susceptible to most antibiotics except ampicillin, cefazolin, and penicillin. The MAR indices of V. parahaemolyticus isolates ranged from 0.04 to 0.71 and about 90.83% of isolates were found resistant to more than one antibiotic. The high prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and multidrug-resistant isolates detected in this study could pose a potential risk to human health and hence appropriate control methods should be in place to minimize the potential contamination and prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Yen NTP, Nhung NT, Van NTB, Cuong NV, Tien Chau LT, Trinh HN, Tuat CV, Tu ND, Phu Huong Lan N, Campbell J, Thwaites G, Baker S, Carrique-Mas J. Antimicrobial residues, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Vibrio spp. and associated microbiological hazards in retail shrimps purchased in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam). Food Control 2020; 107:106756. [PMID: 31902975 PMCID: PMC6894321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated antimicrobial residues, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Vibrio spp. and their associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in shrimps locally purchased in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In addition, we investigated the relationship between AMR in NTS, Vibrio spp. and antimicrobial residue in the same sample. A total of 40 samples of shrimp heads/shells from different retail sources was cultured using ISO 6579-1:2017 (NTS) and ISO/TS 21872-1:2007 (Vibrio spp.). Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated using Vitek (NTS, 34 antimicrobials) and disk diffusion (Vibrio spp., 12 antimicrobials). A total of 9 (22.5%) samples contained antimicrobial residue, including tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and macrolides (in 7.5%, 7.5%, 2.5% and 2.5% of samples, respectively). Shrimp samples from supermarkets had a higher prevalence of antimicrobial residue than those purchased in street markets (50% vs. 13.3%) (p = 0.049). A total of 30 (75%) samples were contaminated with NTS. All samples contained Vibrio spp., with V. parahaemolyticus being most common (87.5% samples). A total of 58.9% NTS isolates were multidrug resistant. With regards to the highest priority, critically important antimicrobials, the highest resistance corresponded to quinolones (14.4-47.8%), followed by 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins (3.3-7.8%). Vibrio spp. isolates were characterised by their high resistance against ampicillin (82.7%) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (8.3-16.5%). Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) activity was detected in 28.1% V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Half of ESBL-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains harboured bla CTX-M1. We found an association between the presence of residues and the number of resistances for NTS (p = 0.075) and Vibrio spp. isolates (p = 0.093) from the same sample. These findings suggest that the presence of residues may contribute to the selection of AMR in foodborne pathogens in shrimps. Authorities should strengthen policies aiming at restricting inappropriate antimicrobial usage in shrimp farming, and step up monitoring of antimicrobial residues and food-borne pathogens at retail in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Phuong Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Bich Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Tran Tien Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Ngoc Trinh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chu Van Tuat
- National Centre for Veterinary Hygiene Inspection No. I, 28 Ngo 78, Giai Phong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Dong Tu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Shaheer P, Akhilnath PG, Sreejith VN, Joseph TC, Murugadas V, Lalitha KV. Strain variability and pathogenic potential of tdhcarrying Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 137:41-46. [PMID: 31777398 DOI: 10.3354/dao03425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A disease outbreak in 42-d-old black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon juveniles from a commercial aquaculture farm in Kerala, India, was investigated. The cause of the disease outbreak was confirmed as Vibrio parahaemolyticus by biochemical tests, PCR targeting the toxR gene and pathogenicity testing of the isolates. All of the isolates tested negative by PCR specific for V. parahaemolyticus associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), implicating vibriosis unrelated to AHPND as the cause of mortality. Among the 19 isolates obtained, 2 possessed the tdh gene (coding for thermo-stable hemolysin), whereas none of the isolates possessed trh. The LD50 value of 8 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus from diseased and apparently healthy shrimp ranged from 2.7 × 104 to 4.9 × 105 CFU ml-1 by immersion challenge of P. monodon postlarvae. BOX-PCR and dendrogram analysis of the bacterial isolates revealed that the isolates from moribund and apparently healthy shrimp formed separate clusters, indicating that these isolates originate from separate clones. The isolates from moribund shrimp including tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus clustered together. The present study represents the first report of tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus causing disease in a shrimp farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shaheer
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
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Pre-enrichment step, incubation temperature and type of selective media affect the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus detection efficiency in frozen prawns. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Richards GP, Chintapenta LK, Watson MA, Abbott AG, Ozbay G, Uknalis J, Oyelade AA, Parveen S. Bacteriophages Against Pathogenic Vibrios in Delaware Bay Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) During a Period of High Levels of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2019; 11:101-112. [PMID: 30706411 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from three locations along the Delaware Bay were surveyed monthly from May to October 2017 for levels of total Vibrio parahaemolyticus, pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, and for strain-specific bacteriophages against vibrios (vibriophages). The objectives were to determine (a) whether vibriophages against known strains or serotypes of clinical and environmental vibrios were detectable in oysters from the Delaware Bay and (b) whether vibriophage presence or absence corresponded with Vibrio abundances in oysters. Host cells for phage assays included pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus serotypes O3:K6, O1:KUT (untypable) and O1:K1, as well as clinical and environmental strains of V. vulnificus. Vibriophages against some, but not all, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus serotypes were readily detected in Delaware Bay oysters. In July, abundances of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus at one site spiked to levels exceeding regulatory guidelines. Phages against three V. parahaemolyticus host serotypes were detected in these same oysters, but also in oysters with low V. parahaemolyticus levels. Serotype-specific vibriophage presence or absence did not correspond with abundances of total or pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Vibriophages were not detected against three V. vulnificus host strains, even though V. vulnificus were readily detectable in oyster tissues. Selected phage isolates against V. parahaemolyticus showed high host specificity. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that most isolates were ~ 60-nm diameter, non-tailed phages. In conclusion, vibriophages were detected against pandemic V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and O1:KUT, suggesting that phage monitoring in specific host cells may be a useful technique to assess public health risks from oyster consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Delaware State University, James Baker Center, Dover, DE, 19901, USA.
| | - Lathadevi K Chintapenta
- College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
- University of Wisconsin - River Falls, 410 S. 3rd Street, River Falls, WI, 54022, USA
| | - Michael A Watson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Delaware State University, James Baker Center, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Amanda G Abbott
- College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Gulnihal Ozbay
- College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Joseph Uknalis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Abolade A Oyelade
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Leeds Point, NJ, USA
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA
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Guin S, Saravanan M, Anjay, Chowdhury G, Pazhani GP, Ramamurthy T, Chandra Das S. Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus indiarrhoeal patients, fish and aquatic environments and their potential for inter-source transmission. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01743. [PMID: 31193375 PMCID: PMC6526242 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in causing diarrhoeal disease is well known. However, phenotypic and genetic traits of this pathogen isolated from diverse sources have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we have screened samples from diarrhoeal cases (2603), brackish water fish (301) and aquatic environments (115) and identified V. parahaemolyticus in 29 (1.1%), 171 (56.8%) and 43 (37.4%) samples, respectively. Incidence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticuswith virulence encoding thermostable-direct haemolysin gene (tdh) was detected mostly in fishes (19.3%) and waters (15.6%) than clinical samples (1.04%). The pandemic strain marker genes (toxRS and PGS-sequences) have been detected relatively more in water (6%) and fish (5%) samples than in clinical samples (0.7%). Majority of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical cases and fish samples (26.3%) belonged to classical pandemic serovars (O3:K6). In addition, several newly recognised pandemic serovars have also been identified. Pulsed field-gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed clonal relatedness (60–85%) of V. parahaemolyticus from different sources. The study observation revealed that the brackish water fishes and water bodies may act as a reservoir of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Emergence of several new serovars of pandemic V. parahaemolyticussignifies the changing phenotypic characteristics of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Guin
- Joyrampur Bidyabhavan, Hogalberia, 741122, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Murugan Saravanan
- Veterinary Dispensary, Arunthavapuram, Thanjore, Tamil Nadu, 614401, India
| | - Anjay
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, 800014, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute; Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata, 700037, India
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42
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Jiang Y, Chu Y, Xie G, Li F, Wang L, Huang J, Zhai Y, Yao L. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence and genetic relationship of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood from coasts of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 290:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Anupama KP, Deeksha K, Deeksha A, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Maiti B. Comparative performance of TCBS and TSA for the enumeration of trh+ Vibrio parahaemolyticus by direct colony hybridization. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 157:37-42. [PMID: 30578890 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the important foodborne pathogens is of public health concern due to the emergence of pandemic strains causing disease outbreaks worldwide. We evaluated the DNA based colony hybridization technique for the detection and enumeration of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus from the bivalve shellfish, clam using non-radioactive, enzyme-labeled probe targeting the tlh and trh genes, respectively. The digoxigenin (DIG) labeled probes designed in this study showed 100% specificity by dot blot assay. Colony hybridization using DIG probes was performed using both non-selective, trypticase soy agar (TSA) and the selective medium, thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar. Of 32 clam samples analyzed, 71.88% had>10,000 V. parahaemolyticus cells/g in TSA whereas it was 18.75% in case of TCBS. All the samples showed the presence of total V. parahaemolyticus in TSA and 97% in the case of TCBS. Interestingly, results of the trh+V. parahaemolyticus samples were quite high while using TCBS plates (62.5%) as compared to TSA (43.75%). However, the cell numbers obtained from TSA were higher than from TCBS. Several yellow colonies on TCBS turned out to be V. parahaemolyticus using colony hybridization, which was further confirmed by PCR and sucrose utilization test. Colony hybridization using DIG-labeled probe was found to be highly sensitive and could differentiate and enumerate pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus. Since traditional methods are not only labor-intensive and time-consuming but also less sensitive, colony hybridization using DIG-labeled probes would be a useful alternative for the enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus in naturally contaminated seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanth Padyana Anupama
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Kundar Deeksha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Ariga Deeksha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India; NITTE (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India.
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Kongrueng J, Srinitiwarawong K, Nishibuchi M, Mittraparp-Arthorn P, Vuddhakul V. Characterization and CRISPR-based genotyping of clinical trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:48. [PMID: 30459849 PMCID: PMC6233571 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of gastroenteritis. Most of the clinical isolates carry either tdh and/or trh genes which are considered as the major virulence genes of this pathogen. In this study, the clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus carrying trh gene (n = 73) obtained from 1886 to 2012 from various countries were investigated for the urease production, haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation. In addition, the potential of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genotyping among these isolates was investigated. Results In this study, no significant differences were observed in the urease production between tdh + trh1+ and tdh + trh2+ isolates (p = 0.063) and between the tdh - trh1+ and tdh - trh2+ isolates (p = 0.788). The isolates carrying only the trh gene showed variation in their haemolytic activity. The ratio of urease production and haemolytic activity between the trh1+ and trh2+ isolates and biofilm formation of trh + V. parahaemolyticus isolates were not significantly different. Sixteen of thirty-four tested isolates (47.0%) of trh + V. parahaemolyticus were positive for CRISPR detection. The discriminatory power index (DI) of CRISPR-virulence typing was higher than the DI obtained by CRISPR typing alone. Conclusion The tdh and trh genes were not involved in urease production in the trh + V. parahaemolyticus, and variation of haemolytic activity detected in V. parahaemolyticus carrying only the trh gene might be correlated to the sequence variation within trh1 and trh2 genes. Additionally, biofilm production of V. parahaemolyticus was not associated with harboring of virulence genes. For genotyping, CRISPR sequences combined with virulence genes can be used as genetic markers to differentiate trh + V. parahaemolyticus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetnapang Kongrueng
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Srinitiwarawong
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Varaporn Vuddhakul
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Preeprem S, Singkhamanan K, Nishibuchi M, Vuddhakul V, Mittraparp-Arthorn P. Multiplex Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Typing of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O1:KUT Isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:104-113. [PMID: 30325660 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic O3:K6 Vibrio parahaemolyticus emerged in 1996. Since then, this strain of pathogen and its serovariants (predominantly O1:KUT [untypable], O1:K25 and O4:K68) have caused gastroenteritis worldwide. Owing to the limitation in established K antisera, tracking the sources of KUT for epidemiological investigation is difficult. Therefore, the effective molecular typing is required to discriminate the strains. The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) assay for typing pandemic V. parahaemolyticus, including various O1:KUT isolates. The assay was based on the analysis of four variable number tandem repeat loci. Forty-six pandemic isolates, including O1:KUT, O1:K25, and O3:K6, were investigated. MLVA generated 38 distinct MLVA profiles, whereas only 16 types were obtained from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In this work, MLVA resolved the 12 isolates of O1:KUT obtained in 2001-2005 with identical PFGE patterns into unique profiles. Our data indicated that multiplex MLVA developed in this study has high discriminatory power (D = 0.99), and is superior to PFGE for distinct pandemic V. parahaemolyticus, including O1:KUT isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutima Preeprem
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kamonnut Singkhamanan
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Varaporn Vuddhakul
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla, Thailand
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Kang CH, Shin Y, Yu H, Kim S, So JS. Antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:69-74. [PMID: 30301087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, found frequently in oysters and other seafoods, is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and other Asian countries. It is associated exclusively with the consumption of raw or improperly cooked contaminated seafood, especially oysters. In this study, we isolated and characterized 59 V. parahaemolyticus strains (toxR-positive) from May to October 2016 in shellfish-harvesting areas off the west coast of Korea. The results revealed that none of the isolates contained the tdh and trh toxicity genes. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) value of most isolates was 0.32, but it was as high as 0.69 in one isolate strain. Moreover, when resistance to heavy metals was examined, the majority of the isolates displayed resistance to Ba2+ (98.3%), Co3+ (28.8%), Cd2+ (16.9%), and Cu2+ (13.6%). Interestingly our data revealed that tolerance to heavy metals was prevalent in the V. parahaemolyticus strains with more than two antibiotic resistance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - YuJin Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - HongSik Yu
- West Sea Fisheries Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI), Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - SuKyung Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI), Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong So
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Lopatek M, Wieczorek K, Osek J. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafood. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00537-18. [PMID: 29915109 PMCID: PMC6070759 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00537-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a widespread bacterium in the marine environment and is responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. Foodborne infections are mainly associated with the consumption of contaminated raw or undercooked fish and shellfish. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genetic profiles of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from seafood originating from different countries. A total of 104 (17.5%) isolates were recovered from 595 analyzed samples. The isolates were tested for the presence of the tdh and trh genes, involved in the pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus infections in humans, and these genes were detected in 3 (2.9%) and 11 (10.6%) isolates, respectively. The trh-positive isolates also possessed the ure gene, which is responsible for urease production. Moreover, the activity of protease A was identified in all V. parahaemolyticus strains. Antimicrobial resistance revealed that most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (75.0%) and streptomycin (68.3%), whereas all strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracyclines. Most of the isolates (55.8%) showed resistance against two classes of antimicrobials, mainly to ampicillin and streptomycin (46.2%). Only one isolate displayed a multiresistant pattern. Genotypic analysis of V. parahaemolyticus revealed a high degree of diversity among the isolates tested. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method distinguished 73 clonal groups, and the most numerous group consisted of 7 strains. Sequencing by the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method showed 76 sequence types (STs), of which ST481 and ST1361 were most frequently identified. In addition, 51 (67.1%) new sequence types were discovered and added to the PubMLST international database.IMPORTANCE The presence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood may pose a risk for consumers, especially in countries where shellfish are eaten raw. In recent years, a significant increase of food poisoning caused by these bacteria has been also observed in Europe. Our results highlight the high level of V. parahaemolyticus contamination of seafood, along with the isolates being potentially pathogenic for humans. However, the first-line antimicrobials, such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, remained highly effective against V. parahaemolyticus The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance of isolates is important to ensure the high efficacy in the treatment of human infections. Most of V. parahaemolyticus strains possessed new sequence types (STs), which showed the high genetic diversity of the isolates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lopatek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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Onarinde BA, Dixon RA. Prospects for Biocontrol of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Contamination in Blue Mussels ( Mytilus edulus)-A Year-Long Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1043. [PMID: 29922246 PMCID: PMC5996151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an environmental organism normally found in subtropical estuarine environments which can cause seafood-related human infections. Clinical disease is associated with diagnostic presence of tdh and/or trh virulence genes and identification of these genes in our preliminary isolates from retail shellfish prompted a year-long surveillance of isolates from a temperate estuary in the north of England. The microbial and environmental analysis of 117 samples of mussels, seawater or sediment showed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus from mussels (100%) at all time-points throughout the year including the colder months although they were only recovered from 94.9% of seawater and 92.3% of sediment samples. Throughout the surveillance, 96 isolates were subjected to specific PCR for virulence genes and none tested positive for either. The common understanding that consuming poorly cooked mussels only represents a risk of infection during summer vacations therefore is challenged. Further investigations with V. parahaemolyticus using RAPD-PCR cluster analysis showed a genetically diverse population. There was no distinct clustering for “environmental” or “clinical” reference strains although a wide variability and heterogeneity agreed with other reports. Continued surveillance of isolates to allay public health risks are justified since geographical distribution and composition of V. parahaemolyticus varies with Future Ocean warming and the potential of environmental strains to acquire virulence genes from pathogenic isolates. The prospects for intervention by phage-mediated biocontrol to reduce or eradicate V. parahaemolyticus in mussels was also investigated. Bacteriophages isolated from enriched samples collected from the river Humber were assessed for their ability to inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus strains in-vitro and in-vivo (with live mussels). V. parahaemolyticus were significantly reduced in-vitro, by an average of 1 log−2 log units and in-vivo, significant reduction of the organisms in mussels occurred in three replicate experimental tank set ups with a “phage cocktail” containing 12 different phages. Our perspective biocontrol study suggests that a cocktail of specific phages targeted against strains of V. parahaemolyticus provides good evidence in an experimental setting of the valuable potential of phage as a decontamination agent in natural or industrial mussel processing (343w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola A Onarinde
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald A Dixon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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Ghenem L, Elhadi N. Isolation, molecular characterization, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from coastal water in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:57-69. [PMID: 29424719 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic marine microbe that causes gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. Since the emergence of the pandemic clone O3:K6, V. parahaemolyticus has become a globally well-known pathogen. In this study, 375 seawater samples collected from the Eastern coast of Saudi Arabia were tested for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. Three hundred and forty samples were determined positive for V. parahaemolyticus using traditional microbiological techniques. The genes toxR and tlh were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 41 isolates from 23 samples (6%). Thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (tdh) are the most common virulence genes associated with V. parahaemolyticus. As such, four isolates were tdh+ (1%) and another four were trh+ (1%). No evidence of pandemic clones was detected using group-specific PCR (GS-PCR). Samples were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 28 agents. The vast majority of samples exhibited high resistance to carbenicillin (98%), ampicillin (88%), and cephalothin (76%). The multiple antibiotics resistance index was >0.2 for 35% of the isolates. The results of this study confirm the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in the Eastern coast of Saudi Arabia. This is the first report of tdh+ and trh+ isolates from this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ghenem
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail:
| | - Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail:
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Wagley S, Borne R, Harrison J, Baker-Austin C, Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Vuddhakul V, Titball RW. Galleria mellonella as an infection model to investigate virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Virulence 2018; 9:197-207. [PMID: 28960137 PMCID: PMC5801645 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1384895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-toxigenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates (tdh-/trh-/T3SS2-) have recently been isolated from patients with gastroenteritis. In this study we report that the larvae of the wax moth (Galleria mellonella) are susceptible to infection by toxigenic or non-toxigenic clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. In comparison larvae inoculated with environmental isolates of V. parahaemolyticus did not succumb to disease. Whole genome sequencing of clinical non-toxigenic isolates revealed the presence of a gene encoding a nudix hydrolase, identified as mutT. A V. parahaemolyticus mutT mutant was unable to kill G. mellonella at 24 h post inoculation, indicating a role of this gene in virulence. Our findings show that G. mellonella is a valuable model for investigating screening of possible virulence genes of V. parahaemolyticus and can provide new insights into mechanisms of virulence of atypical non-toxigenic V. parahaemolyticus. These findings will allow improved genetic tests for the identification of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus to be developed and will have a significant impact for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariqa Wagley
- Biosciences College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 S4QD, UK
| | | | - Jamie Harrison
- Biosciences College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 S4QD, UK
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB UK
| | - Donatella Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Varaporn Vuddhakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Richard W. Titball
- Biosciences College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 S4QD, UK
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