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Thomas JT, Huerlimann R, Schunter C, Watson SA, Munday PL, Ravasi T. Transcriptomic responses in the nervous system and correlated behavioural changes of a cephalopod exposed to ocean acidification. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:635. [PMID: 38918719 PMCID: PMC11202396 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nervous system is central to coordinating behavioural responses to environmental change, likely including ocean acidification (OA). However, a clear understanding of neurobiological responses to OA is lacking, especially for marine invertebrates. RESULTS We evaluated the transcriptomic response of the central nervous system (CNS) and eyes of the two-toned pygmy squid (Idiosepius pygmaeus) to OA conditions, using a de novo transcriptome assembly created with long read PacBio ISO-sequencing data. We then correlated patterns of gene expression with CO2 treatment levels and OA-affected behaviours in the same individuals. OA induced transcriptomic responses within the nervous system related to various different types of neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, immune function and oxidative stress. These molecular changes may contribute to OA-induced behavioural changes, as suggested by correlations among gene expression profiles, CO2 treatment and OA-affected behaviours. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first molecular insights into the neurobiological effects of OA on a cephalopod and correlates molecular changes with whole animal behavioural responses, helping to bridge the gaps in our knowledge between environmental change and animal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi T Thomas
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Celia Schunter
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum Tropics, Queensland Museum, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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2
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Fidelis EM, Savall ASP, Mello JD, Quines CB, Comis-Neto AA, Sampaio TB, Denardin CC, de Ávila DS, Rosa SG, Pinton S. Purple pitanga extract (Eugenia uniflora) attenuates oxidative stress induced by MPTP. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2615-2625. [PMID: 37921949 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been widely used due to its specific and reproducible neurotoxic effect on the nigrostriatal system, being considered a convenient model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration to study interventions therapeutics. The purple pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) is a polyphenol-rich fruit with antioxidant and antidepressant properties, among others. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of purple pitanga extract (PPE) on acute early oxidative stress induced by intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration in rats. Male Wistar rats were pre-treated orally with PPE (1000 mg/kg) or vehicle. After 24 h, MPTP (0.1 mg/10µL/nostril) or vehicle was administered bilaterally into the animal's nostrils, and 6 h later, the olfactory bulb (OB), striatum (ST), and substantia nigra (SN) were collected to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters. Our findings revealed that OB and SN were the most affected areas after 6 h of MPTP infusion; an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was observed, while pretreatment with a single dose of PPE prevented this increment. No differences in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation were observed, although 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels increased, which is the most toxic form of lipid peroxidation, in the MPTP group. The PPE pretreatment could prevent this increase by increasing the NPSH levels previously decreased by MPTP. Furthermore, PPE prevents the Na+/K + ATPase strongly inhibited by MPTP, showing the neuroprotective capacity of the PPE by inhibiting the MPTP-generated oxidation. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of PPE against the early MPTP neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Suely P Savall
- Federal University of Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Jhuly Dornelles Mello
- Federal University of Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão Quines
- Federal University of Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil
- Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Campus Ijuí, Ijuí, CEP 98700-000, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daiana Silva de Ávila
- Federal University of Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Federal University of Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Federal University of Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Darroudi S, Eslamiyeh M, Jaber Al-Fayyadh KK, Zamiri Bidary M, Danesteh S, Hassanzadeh Gouji A, Darban RA, Esmaily H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Moohebati M, Ferns GA. Prognostic Factors Associated With Sleep Duration: Serum Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance and Superoxide Dismutase 1 as Oxidative Stress Markers and Anxiety/Depression. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606014. [PMID: 37744415 PMCID: PMC10512420 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Sleep is a conserved vital behavior in humans, and insufficient sleep is associated with several disorders. Recent studies have investigated the association of sleep duration, oxidative stress markers, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, we aim to assess the relationship between sleep duration, serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels as markers of oxidative stress, anxiety, and depression. Methods: Participants included in our cross-sectional analysis were recruited as part of the MASHAD study (n = 9,184). Nocturnal sleep duration was identified using a self-reported questionnaire, and serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels were assessed using methods that have been previously reported. Results: Serum PAB, depression, and anxiety scores were found significantly higher in subjects with very short sleep duration. In an adjusted model using MANOVA regression analysis, serum PAB was significantly higher in the subjects with a very short sleep duration (p: 0.016 in depression and p: 0.002 in anxiety). Conclusion: The present cross-sectional study demonstrates a relationship between sleep duration, oxidative balance, and depression/anxiety, especially in anxiety subjects that might predict each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Darroudi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Eslamiyeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Zamiri Bidary
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Danesteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Reza Assaran Darban
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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4
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Freire MAM, Rocha GS, Bittencourt LO, Falcao D, Lima RR, Cavalcanti JRLP. Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: What Have We Learned So Far? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37627023 PMCID: PMC10452099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-lasting morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a devastating condition related to the impairment of the nervous system after an external traumatic event resulting in transitory or permanent functional disability, with a significant burden to the healthcare system. Harmful events underlying TBI can be classified into two sequential stages, primary and secondary, which are both associated with breakdown of the tissue homeostasis due to impairment of the blood-brain barrier, osmotic imbalance, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptotic cell death, ultimately resulting in a loss of tissue functionality. The present study provides an updated review concerning the roles of brain edema, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress on brain changes resulting from a TBI. The proper characterization of the phenomena resulting from TBI can contribute to the improvement of care, rehabilitation and quality of life of the affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sousa Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Falcao
- VCU Health Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23219 Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Jose Rodolfo Lopes P. Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
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5
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Samman WA, Selim SM, El Fayoumi HM, El-Sayed NM, Mehanna ET, Hazem RM. Dapagliflozin Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Aluminum-Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease via Modulation of AMPK/mTOR, Oxidative Stress and Glucose Metabolism. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050753. [PMID: 37242536 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness characterized by memory loss and cognitive deterioration. Dapagliflozin was suggested to attenuate the memory impairment associated with AD; however, its mechanisms were not fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the possible mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD. Rats were distributed into four groups: group 1 received saline, group 2 received AlCl3 (70 mg/kg) daily for 9 weeks, and groups 3 and 4 were administered AlCl3 (70 mg/kg) daily for 5 weeks. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg) and dapagliflozin (5 mg/kg) were then given daily with AlCl3 for another 4 weeks. Two behavioral experiments were performed: the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and the Y-maze spontaneous alternation (Y-maze) task. Histopathological alterations in the brain, as well as changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and amyloid β (Aβ) peptide activities and oxidative stress (OS) markers, were all evaluated. A western blot analysis was used for the detection of phosphorylated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated mammalian target of Rapamycin (p-mTOR) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Tissue samples were collected for the isolation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and glycolytic enzymes using PCR analysis, and brain glucose levels were also measured. The current data demonstrate that dapagliflozin represents a possible approach to combat AlCl3-induced AD in rats through inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing glucose metabolism and activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waad A Samman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 30078, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Selim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Hassan M El Fayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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6
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Malomo T, Allard Brown A, Bale K, Yung A, Kozlowski P, Heran M, Streijger F, Kwon BK. Quantifying Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Methodology. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1603-1635. [PMID: 35538847 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) after a traumatic injury has been associated with poor neurological outcomes. Although IPH may result from the initial mechanical trauma, the blood and its breakdown products have potentially deleterious effects. Further, the degree of IPH has been correlated with injury severity and the extent of subsequent recovery. Therefore, accurate evaluation and quantification of IPH following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is important to define treatments' effects on IPH progression and secondary neuronal injury. Imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US), have been explored by researchers for the detection and quantification of IPH following SCI. Both quantitative and semiquantitative MRI and US measurements have been applied to objectively assess IPH following SCI, but the optimal methods for doing so are not well established. Studies in animal SCI models (rodent and porcine) have explored US and histological techniques in evaluating SCI and have demonstrated the potential to detect and quantify IPH. Newer techniques using machine learning algorithms (such as convolutional neural networks [CNN]) have also been studied to calculate IPH volume and have yielded promising results. Despite long-standing recognition of the potential pathological significance of IPH within the spinal cord, quantifying IPH with MRI or US is a relatively new area of research. Further studies are warranted to investigate their potential use. Here, we review the different and emerging quantitative MRI, US, and histological approaches used to detect and quantify IPH following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluyemi Malomo
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aysha Allard Brown
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirsten Bale
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC MRI Research Center, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Yung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC MRI Research Center, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC MRI Research Center, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manraj Heran
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, and Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Srichomphu P, Wattanathorn J, Thukham-mee W, Muchimapura S. Anxiety, Insomnia, and Memory Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome Rats Are Alleviated by the Novel Functional Ingredients from Anacardium occidentale. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2203. [PMID: 36358575 PMCID: PMC9686671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in the coexistence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychological disorders, together with their great impact on socio-economic burdens, no protective strategies that focus on these situations are available. Due to the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychological disorders, we hypothesized that substances possessing antioxidant activity such as the novel functional ingredients from Anacardium occidentale (AO) could mitigate common psychological disorders in MetS rats. Male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g, were induced with MetS through a 12-week high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC). Then, they were given AO orally via a gastric gavage needle at doses of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Spatial memory, anxiety, depression, and sleep behaviors, together with changes in oxidative stress status and neurotransmitters, were assessed. All doses of AO significantly improved memory, anxiety, and sleep, together with the suppression of oxidative stress, AChE, and GABA-T in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest the protective effect of AO against anxiety, insomnia, and memory impairment that coexist with the MetS condition via an improvement in oxidative stress and the functions of the cholinergic and GABAergic systems. However, this benefit requires clinical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratthana Srichomphu
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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8
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Feng Y, Peng Y, Jie J, Yang Y, Yang P. The immune microenvironment and tissue engineering strategies for spinal cord regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:969002. [PMID: 35990891 PMCID: PMC9385973 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.969002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of neural tissue is limited following spinal cord injury (SCI). Successful regeneration of injured nerves requires the intrinsic regenerative capability of the neurons and a suitable microenvironment. However, the local microenvironment is damaged, including insufficient intraneural vascularization, prolonged immune responses, overactive immune responses, dysregulated bioenergetic metabolism and terminated bioelectrical conduction. Among them, the immune microenvironment formed by immune cells and cytokines plays a dual role in inflammation and regeneration. Few studies have focused on the role of the immune microenvironment in spinal cord regeneration. Here, we summarize those findings involving various immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes, microglia and T lymphocytes) after SCI. The pathological changes that occur in the local microenvironment and the function of immune cells are described. We also summarize and discuss the current strategies for treating SCI with tissue-engineered biomaterials from the perspective of the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Jing Jie,
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Yumin Yang,
| | - Pengxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Pengxiang Yang,
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9
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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10
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Saravanakumar K, Sivasantosh S, Sathiyaseelan A, Sankaranarayanan A, Naveen KV, Zhang X, Jamla M, Vijayasarathy S, Vishnu Priya V, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Impact of benzo[a]pyrene with other pollutants induce the molecular alternation in the biological system: Existence, detection, and remediation methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119207. [PMID: 35351595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) in recent times is rather unavoidable than ever before. BaP emissions are sourced majorly from anthropogenic rather than natural provenance from wildfires and volcanic eruptions. A major under-looked source is via the consumption of foods that are deep-fried, grilled, and charcoal smoked foods (meats in particular). BaP being a component of poly aromatic hydrocarbons has been classified as a Group I carcinogenic agent, which has been shown to cause both systemic and localized effects in animal models as well as in humans; has been known to cause various forms of cancer, accelerate neurological disorders, invoke DNA and cellular damage due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and involve in multi-generational phenotypic and genotypic defects. BaP's short and accumulated exposure has been shown in disrupting the fertility of gamete cells. In this review, we have discussed an in-depth and capacious run-through of the various origins of BaP, its economic distribution and its impact as well as toxicological effects on the environment and human health. It also deals with a mechanism as a single compound and its ability to synergize with other chemicals/materials, novel sensitive detection methods, and remediation approaches held in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alwarappan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Navanihal, Karnataka, 585 313, India.
| | - Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Effects of pepper extract in suckling lamb feed: Growth performance, metabolism, and oxidative responses. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether the inclusion of pepper extract would improve health in suckling lambs, stimulating antioxidant activity, and improving performance. We used Lacaune lambs distributed in four treatments, with four repetitions per treatment and three lambs per repetition: control group (T0) and treatments T1, T2, and T3 that received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of pepper extract, respectively. Groups T1 and T2 consumed more significant amounts of silage than group T0, and animals from group T1 consumed more concentrate and, consequently, consumed more solids. The addition of pepper extract enhanced growth performance, with the lowest dose (T1) giving rise to the most significant weight gain, average daily gain, and body weight, compared to T0. Regression analysis showed that the optimum point for pepper extract supplementation was 301.5 mg/kg. The levels of total protein and globulins were significantly higher for animals supplemented with pepper extract (day 28) than the control; the concentrations of albumin and urea increased over time but did not differ significantly among treatments. Serum glucose levels decreased significantly over time; however, the groups supplemented with pepper extract showed higher concentrations than group T0. The hematocrit was significantly higher in groups fed pepper extract; hemoglobin concentrations were also more significant, increasing over time in both groups. The groups that consumed the pepper extract had higher leukocyte counts due to greater lymphocytes and neutrophils. Levels of non-protein thiols increased significantly over time, while lipid peroxidation levels decreased significantly in all groups. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species significantly decreased in the serum of group T3 animals, those fed with pepper extract (day 28), compared to the control. In general, the addition of pepper extract in lamb feed can enhance weight gain, increase antioxidant levels, and stimulate the production of leukocytes and globulins in lambs.
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Oguzoglu AS, Senol N, Asci H, Erzurumlu Y, Gulle K, Savran M, Sadef M, Acar BG, Goksel HM. Pregabalin Protects Brain Tissue from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Enhancing HIF-1α/eNOS Signaling and VEGF Production. World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e713-e720. [PMID: 34129987 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of different doses of pregabalin on the pathophysiologic changes in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. METHODS Thirty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 8), SAH (n = 10), SAH plus 30 mg/kg/day of pregabalin (n = 10), and SAH plus 60 mg/kg/day of pregabalin (n = 10). SAH was induced with 0.3 mL of autologous blood injected to the cisterna magna of rats. Pregabalin was administered intraperitoneally. Oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS Pregabalin increased mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor in a dose-dependent manner. Significant improvement in the histopathological parameters was observed at 60 mg/kg, including a decrease in diffuse hemorrhagic areas, edema and apoptotic bodies in the associated cortical area, evident vacuolization in the hippocampal area, and apoptotic bodies. However, these improvements were not observed with the lower dose (30 mg/kg). In contrast, the antioxidant effect was greater with 30 mg/kg of pregabalin than with 60 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Although the antioxidant effect was significant with the lower dose of pregabalin, the anti-inflammatory effects via vasodilatation were more marked with the higher dose. Significant improvements in the histopathological changes were observed with the higher dose of pregabalin. The dose-dependent effects of pregabalin on SAH should be evaluated in animal studies as a function of time and in the acute and chronic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Serdar Oguzoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Senol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Halil Asci
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kanat Gulle
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Savran
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sadef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Berivan Gunduru Acar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hakan Murat Goksel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Wu HT, Yu Y, Li XX, Lang XY, Gu RZ, Fan SR, Fang X, Bai JP, Lan R, Qin XY. Edaravone attenuates H 2O 2 or glutamate-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons and improves AlCl 3/D-galactose induced cognitive impairment in mice. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:68-78. [PMID: 34004234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Edaravone (Eda) is a free radical scavenger used in clinical trials for the treatment of ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, how Eda exerts its neuroprotective effects remains to be elucidated. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of Eda in cultured hippocampal neurons and in a mouse model of AlCl3/D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment. Eda protected hippocampal neurons by eliminating H2O2 or glutamate-induced toxicity, leading to decreased cell viability and neurite shortening. Consistently, Eda restored impaired levels of BDNF, FGF2 and their associated signaling axes (including TrkB, p-Akt and Bcl-2) to attenuate neuronal death. In a mouse model of chemically-induced cognitive impairment, Eda restored the levels of BDNF, FGF2 and TrkB/Akt signaling axis to attenuate neuronal apoptosis, thereby ameliorating cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, the pro-inflammation was eliminated due to the restoration of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NOS2. In summary, Eda is an effective drug for protecting neurons from neurotoxic injury. BDNF, FGF2, and their regulated pathways may be potential therapeutic targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xi-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiu-Yuan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Run-Ze Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sheng-Rui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin-Peng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Lan
- Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Savolainen KM, Tervo P, Loikkanen J, Naarala J. Cholinergic and Glutaminergic Excitation of Neuronal Cells. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299602400312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive cholinergic or glutaminergic brain stimulation may result in seizures, excitotoxicity and neuronal damage. Cholinergic neuronal excitation is mediated via muscarinic receptors which couple with GTP-binding proteins (G–proteins), activate phospholipase C, and produce the inositol lipid second messengers, inositol-1,4,5,-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacyl-glycerol (DG). InsP3 facilitates intracellular Ca2+ metabolism and DG activates protein kinase C (PKC). Glutaminergic neuronal stimulation is mediated through ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which increase Ca2+ influx, and kainate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxalolproprionic acid receptors, which mainly regulate Na+ fluxes. Glutaminergic metabotropic receptors are also coupled to a G-protein, and their stimulation activates neurons through increased production of InsP3 and DG. A salient feature in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is the induction of an oxidative burst, subsequent oxidative stress, and damage to the neurons. The glutamate-induced oxidative burst can be amplified by lead, a direct activator of PKC, and the oxidative burst can be blocked by a PKC inhibitor, suggesting an important role for PKC. Carbachol also induces an oxidative burst in neuronal cells and this is associated with elevations of free intracellular calcium. The ability of an NMDA receptor antagonist, AP-5, to block carbachol-induced elevations of free intracellular calcium, suggests that activation of muscarinic receptors is associated with a simultaneous glutamate receptor activation. Thus, cross-talk between cholinergic muscarinic and glutaminergic receptors may be an important contributing factor in cholinergic and glutaminergic excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M. Savolainen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 15, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkko Tervo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 15, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Loikkanen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 15, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 15, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
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Patri M, Singh A. Protective effects of noradrenaline on benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress responses in brain tumor cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:665-675. [PMID: 31292939 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an ubiquitous environmental pollutant that is generated during combustion of fossil fuels. We examine the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity in brain tumor cell lines like neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) and glioma (C6). We pre-treated tumor cells with NA for 6 h, followed by addition of B[a]P for additional 24 h. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue dye-exclusion assay and comet assay was performed to measure DNA damage. Cell cycle status was analyzed using flow cytometry and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxodG) production was examined by immunostaining. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was analyzed using Fura-2AM. Our results showed viability of Neuro2a and C6 cells declined (24% and 20%) in B[a]P-treated groups. However, pre-treating with NA increased viability of cells by reducing percentage of cell death in both. Furthermore, B[a]P-induced deregulation of cell cycle (G2/M and S phase cell arrest) was significantly restored by pre-treatment with NA in Neuro2a cells as compared to C6 cells. We further observed increased 8-oxodG production in B[a]P-treated cells; however, NA pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the 8-oxodG production in Neuro2a, while C6 cells were less affected possibly due to better protective machinery. B[a]P-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx was significantly reduced in both the cell lines due to co-treatment of NA possibly by reducing Ca2+ influx. NA protects brain tumor cells against B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity may be by decreasing percentage of G2 cell arrest, oxidative DNA damage, and reducing intracellular Ca2+ influx. These findings suggested that NA may be considered as a natural potential protective agent against B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract showing differential protective mechanism of NA against B[a]P-induced toxicity through antioxidant mechanism maintaining homeostasis for oxidative stress in Neuro2a and C6 cell lines. The schematic graph showed the biological significance of the NA that regulates the induction of metabolic processes of cell cycle after exposure to the environmental pollutants. B[a]P increases the intracellular levels of Ca2+, but also induces damage to cellular molecules including DNA causing cell cycle arrest. The B[a]P-induced DNA damage due to base lesions generated in the genome, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is one of the most abundant because of guanine's lowest redox potential among DNA bases through intracellular calcium homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Patri
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India.
| | - Abhisek Singh
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India
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Al-Amin MM, Chowdury MIA, Saifullah ARM, Alam MN, Jain P, Hossain M, Alam MA, Kazi M, Ahmad A, Raish M, Alqahtani A, Reza HM. Levocarnitine Improves AlCl 3-Induced Spatial Working Memory Impairment in Swiss albino Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:278. [PMID: 30971884 PMCID: PMC6444114 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aluminum, a neurotoxic substance, causes oxidative stress induced-neurodegenerative diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that levocarnitine has an antioxidant effect and also plays an important role in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. However, the role of levocarnitine in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity has not been well documented. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of levocarnitine on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative stress and memory dysfunction. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice (n = 30) were treated with either control (saline) or AlCl3 or AlCl3 plus levocarnitine or levocarnitine or astaxanthin plus AlCl3 or astaxanthin alone. The spatial working memory was determined by radial arm maze (RAM). In addition, we measured the lipid peroxidation (MDA), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide (NO) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the various brain regions including prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), parietal cortex (PC), hippocampus (HIP) hypothalamus (HT) and cerebellum (CB). We used astaxanthin as a standard antioxidant to compare the antioxidant activity of levocarnitine. Results: The RAM data showed that AlCl3 treatment (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks resulted in a significant deficit in spatial learning in mice. Moreover, aluminum exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of oxidative stress markers such as MDA, GSH, AOPP and NO in the various brain regions compared to the controls. In addition, combined administration of levocarnitine and AlCl3 significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the MDA, AOPP, GSH and NO levels in mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that levocarnitine could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of oxidative stress associated diseases as well as in memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mamun Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - A R M Saifullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nazmul Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Murad Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Yilmaz AB, Gokhan S, Sener A, Erel O. Analysis of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio and Thiol/Disulfide homeostasis parameters in patients admitted to the emergency department with ischemic stroke. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:1418-1423. [PMID: 30559796 PMCID: PMC6290218 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.346.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: It is known that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with adverse outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. We aimed to reveal the association of NLR and thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) with ischemic stroke patients. Methods: This study was conducted prospectively at tertiary hospital in emergency department between March 18, 2017 and November 30, 2017. It included 143 patients who were diagnosed with stroke, exhibited no hemorrhage on the Computed Tomography (CT) of the head were included in the study. Complete blood count, biochemical, TDH parameters and Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) were studied. Results: Neutrophil count and NLR were significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). The mean Native Thiol (NT) value of the patient group was 359.9 ± 84.59 μmol/L. The mean Total Thiol (TT) value in the patient group was 399.38 ± 86.06 μmol/L. The NT and TT values in the patient group were significantly lower (NT/TT: p = 0.002/p = 0.007), whereas NLR and IMA were significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.001/p < 0.001). Conclusions: Physicians should focus on patients with increased NLR, as these patients appear to represent a population at risk for increased morbidity. We have quantitatively demonstrated in tissue oxidative stress level with TDH parameters. Investigation of these new parameters should be continued for the determination of prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Begum Yilmaz
- Aysel Begum Yilmaz, MD. Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Servan Gokhan
- Servan Gokhan, MD. Yildirım Beyazit University Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Sener
- Alp Sener, MD. Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Ozcan Erel, MD. Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Bouayed J, Soulimani R. Evidence that hydrogen peroxide, a component of oxidative stress, induces high-anxiety-related behaviour in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:292-297. [PMID: 30423387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The link between oxidative stress and high-anxiety-related behaviour is uncontested; but the cause-effect relationship has yet to be completely elucidated. Here, the behavioural effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), given to mice (n = 10 per group) in drinking water at 1%, were assessed in the light/dark choice test, the open field, the elevated-plus maze and the hole-board test. Compared to controls (drinking only water), subacute exposure (10-15 days) of mice to H2O2, the major component of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the precursor of potent oxidants (hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid), affected emotional responses by inducing an anxious behaviour associated with hyperactivity. Our findings clearly showed that H2O2-treated mice exhibited anxiogenic behaviour in the light/dark choice test and in the hole-board test. Moreover, H2O2-treated mice displayed a hyperactive behaviour, revealed by a significant increase in the number of crossings made in the open field test relative to controls. Although H2O2-exposed mice made significantly less head-dippings in the open arms than controls, H2O2-induced hyperactivity may have blurred anxiogenic-like behaviour in H2O2-treated mice in the elevated-plus maze. Our findings provide the evidence that H2O2, an oxidizing component, caused high-anxiety-related behaviour associated with hyperactivity in mice. Antioxidants may play a role in preventing or attenuating oxidative stress-related anxiety.
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The anxiolytic effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on dietary-induced increase in homocysteine levels in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:199-217. [PMID: 30120639 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on behavioral manifestations that followed hyperhomocysteinemia induced by special dietary protocols enriched in methionine and deficient in B vitamins (B6, B9, B12) by means of alterations in anxiety levels in rats. Simultaneously, we investigated the alterations of oxidative stress markers in rat hippocampus induced by applied dietary protocols. Furthermore, considering the well-known antioxidant properties of statins, we attempted to assess their impact on major markers of oxidative stress and their possible beneficial role on anxiety-like behavior effect in rats. The 4-week-old male Wistar albino rats were divided (eight per group) according to basic dietary protocols: standard chow, methionine-enriched, and methionine-enriched vitamins B (B6, B9, B12) deficient. Each dietary protocol (30 days) included groups with atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/day i.p.) and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day i.p.). The behavioral testing was performed in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Parameters of oxidative stress (index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase activity, glutathione) were determined in hippocampal tissue samples following decapitation after anesthesia. Methionine-load dietary protocols induced increased oxidative stress in rat hippocampus, which was accompanied by anxiogenic behavioral manifestations. The methionine-enriched diet with restricted vitamins B intake induced more pronounced anxiogenic effect, as well as increased oxidative stress compared to the methionine-load diet with normal vitamins B content. Simultaneous administration of statins showed beneficial effects by means of both decreased parameters of oxidative stress and attenuation of anxiety. The results obtained with simvastatin were more convincible compared to atorvastatin.
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20
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Basak M, Dutta S, Chowdhury M. Wild raspberry: Antioxidant fruits from Eastern Himalaya. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mridushree Basak
- Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany; University of North Bengal; Siliguri West Bengal, 734 013 India
| | - Somit Dutta
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology; University of North Bengal; Siliguri West Bengal, 734 013 India
| | - Monoranjan Chowdhury
- Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany; University of North Bengal; Siliguri West Bengal, 734 013 India
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Petrelli B, Weinberg J, Hicks GG. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE): insights into FASD using mouse models of PAE. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:131-147. [PMID: 29370535 PMCID: PMC5991836 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) varies considerably among exposed individuals, with some displaying serious alcohol-related effects and many others showing few or no overt signs of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In animal models, variables such as nutrition, genetic background, health, other drugs, and stress, as well as dosage, duration, and gestational timing of exposure to alcohol can all be controlled in a way that is not possible in a clinical situation. In this review we examine mouse models of PAE and focus on those with demonstrated craniofacial malformations, abnormal brain development, or behavioral phenotypes that may be considered FASD-like outcomes. Analysis of these data should provide a valuable tool for researchers wishing to choose the PAE model best suited to their research questions or to investigate established PAE models for FASD comorbidities. It should also allow recognition of patterns linking gestational timing, dosage, and duration of PAE, such as recognizing that binge alcohol exposure(s) during early gestation can lead to severe FASD outcomes. Identified patterns could be particularly insightful and lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berardino Petrelli
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, UBC Institute of Mental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoffrey G. Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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22
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Brain tissue oxygen regulation in awake and anesthetized neonates. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:368-375. [PMID: 29580952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled general anesthetics are used commonly in adults and children, and a growing body of literature from animals and humans suggests that exposure to anesthesia at an early age can impact brain development. While the origin of these effects is not well understood, it is known that anesthesia can disrupt oxygen regulation in the brain, which is critically important for maintaining healthy brain function. Here we investigated how anesthesia affected brain tissue oxygen regulation in neonatal rabbits by comparing brain tissue oxygen and single unit activity in the awake and anesthetized states. We tested two common general anesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane, delivered in both air and 80% oxygen. Our findings show that general anesthetics can greatly increase brain tissue PO2 in neonates, especially when combined with supplemental oxygen. Although isoflurane and sevoflurane belong to the same class of anesthetics, notable differences were observed in their effects upon neuronal activity and spontaneous respiration. Our findings point to the need to consider the potential effects of hyperoxia when supplemental oxygen is utilized, particularly in children and neonates.
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Mortamais M, Pujol J, van Drooge BL, Macià D, Martínez-Vilavella G, Reynes C, Sabatier R, Rivas I, Grimalt J, Forns J, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Querol X, Sunyer J. Effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on basal ganglia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in primary school children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:12-19. [PMID: 28482185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed as environmental risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The effects of these pollutants on brain structures potentially involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD are unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PAHs on basal ganglia volumes and ADHD symptoms in school children. METHODS We conducted an imaging study in 242 children aged 8-12years, recruited through a set of representative schools of the city of Barcelona, Spain. Indoor and outdoor PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene (BPA) levels were assessed in the school environment, one year before the MRI assessment. Whole-brain volumes and basal ganglia volumes (caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen) were derived from structural MRI scans using automated tissue segmentation. ADHD symptoms (ADHD/DSM-IV Scales, American Psychiatric Association 2002) were reported by teachers, and inattentiveness was evaluated with standard error of hit reaction time in the attention network computer-based test. RESULTS Total PAHs and BPA were associated with caudate nucleus volume (CNV) (i.e., an interquartile range increase in BPA outdoor level (67pg/m3) and indoor level (76pg/m3) was significantly linked to a decrease in CNV (mm3) (β=-150.6, 95% CI [-259.1, -42.1], p=0.007, and β=-122.4, 95% CI [-232.9, -11.8], p=0.030 respectively) independently of intracranial volume, age, sex, maternal education and socioeconomic vulnerability index at home). ADHD symptoms and inattentiveness increased in children with higher exposure to BPA, but these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PAHs, and in particular to BPA, is associated with subclinical changes on the caudate nucleus, even below the legislated annual target levels established in the European Union. The behavioral consequences of this induced brain change were not identified in this study, but given the caudate nucleus involvement in many crucial cognitive and behavior processes, this volume reduction is concerning for the children's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mortamais
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Didac Macià
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christelle Reynes
- University of Montpellier, , Montpellier, France; 3 EA 2415, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Sabatier
- University of Montpellier, , Montpellier, France; 3 EA 2415, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Ioar Rivas
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Forns
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Sárközi K, Papp A, Horváth E, Máté Z, Hermesz E, Kozma G, Zomborszki ZP, Kálomista I, Galbács G, Szabó A. Protective effect of green tea against neuro-functional alterations in rats treated with MnO 2 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1717-1724. [PMID: 27435261 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of manganese-containing metal fumes at workplaces can cause central nervous damage including a Parkinson-like syndrome. Oxidative stress is likely to be involved in the pathomechanism, due to the presence of nano-sized metal oxide particles with high biological and chemical activity. Oxidative damage of the nervous system could be prevented or ameliorated by properly applied antioxidants, preferably natural ones such as green tea, a popular drink. The aim of this work was to see if orally applied green tea brew could diminish the functional neurotoxicity of manganese dioxide nanoparticles introduced into the airways of rats. RESULTS Young adult male Wistar rats were treated intratracheally for 6 weeks with a suspension of synthetic MnO2 nanoparticles (4 mg/kg body weight), and received green tea brew (1 g leaves 200 mL-1 water) as drinking fluid. Reduced body weight gain, indicating general toxicity of the nanoparticles, was not influenced by green tea. However, in rats receiving green tea the nervous system effects - changes in the spontaneous and evoked cortical activity and peripheral nerve action potential - were diminished. CONCLUSION The use of green tea as a neuroprotective functional drink seems to be a viable approach. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Sárközi
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Papp
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Horváth
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Máté
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kozma
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ildikó Kálomista
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
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Mingori MR, Heimfarth L, Ferreira CF, Gomes HM, Moresco KS, Delgado J, Roncato S, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Effect of Paullinia cupana Mart. Commercial Extract During the Aging of Middle Age Wistar Rats: Differential Effects on the Hippocampus and Striatum. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2257-2273. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Benyettou I, Kharoubi O, Hallal N, Benyettou HA, Tair K, Belmokhtar M, Aoues A, Ozaslan M. Aluminium-Induced Behavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress in Developing Rat Brain and the Possible Ameliorating Role of Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2017.106.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jena I, Nayak SR, Behera S, Singh B, Ray S, Jena D, Singh S, Sahoo SK. Evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017; 8:110-113. [PMID: 28250685 PMCID: PMC5320811 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.198346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species resulting in the generation of lipid peroxides such as malondialdehyde (MDA). The studies have shown that ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), which has widely been studied as a marker of ischemia, also increases as result of oxidative stress. Hence, the current study was done to evaluate the serum MDA, IMA along with serum uric acid, and albumin, which are important metabolic antioxidants. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with acute ischemic stroke were taken as cases and compared with 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum MDA, IMA, uric acid, and albumin were estimated both in cases and controls. Serum MDA was estimated by the method of Satoh and IMA by Bar-Or et al. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: Serum MDA and IMA values were significantly increased in cases (P < 0.0001), whereas serum uric acid and albumin values were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in comparison to controls. There was also highly significant positive correlation between serum IMA and MDA (r = 0.843,P < 0.0001), whereas there were significant negative correlations between serum IMA and uric acid (r = −0.237,P < 0.05), and albumin (r = −0.326,P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hence, we conclude the oxidative stress plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke, and the deranged oxidant-antioxidant balance further contributes to its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishri Jena
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sarthak Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sudeshna Behera
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bratati Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhashree Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Diptimayee Jena
- Department of Biochemistry, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Singh
- Department of Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Machado AK, Pan AY, da Silva TM, Duong A, Andreazza AC. Upstream Pathways Controlling Mitochondrial Function in Major Psychosis: A Focus on Bipolar Disorder. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:446-56. [PMID: 27310240 PMCID: PMC4959649 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716648297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and may be a central feature of psychosis. These illnesses are complex and heterogeneous, which is reflected by the complexity of the processes regulating mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are typically associated with energy production; however, dysfunction of mitochondria affects not only energy production but also vital cellular processes, including the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle and survival, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and neurotransmission. In this review, we characterize the upstream components controlling mitochondrial function, including 1) mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 2) mitochondrial dynamics, and 3) intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Characterizing and understanding the upstream factors that regulate mitochondrial function is essential to understand progression of these illnesses and develop biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Alexander Yongshuai Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Tatiane Morgana da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
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Da Silva Morrone M, Schnorr CE, Behr GA, Gasparotto J, Bortolin RC, Moresco KS, Bittencourt L, Zanotto-Filho A, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Oral administration of curcumin relieves behavioral alterations and oxidative stress in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of ovariectomized Wistar rats. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Protection Efficacy of the Extract of Ginkgo biloba against the Learning and Memory Damage of Rats under Repeated High Sustained +Gz Exposure. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6320586. [PMID: 27069491 PMCID: PMC4812286 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6320586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Repeated high sustained positive Gz (+Gz) exposures are known for the harmful pathophysiological impact on the brain of rats, which is reflected as the interruption of normal performance of learning and memory. Interestingly, extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) has been reported to have neuroprotective effects and cognition-enhancing effects. In this study, we are interested in evaluating the protective effects of EGb toward the learning and memory abilities. Morris Water Maze Test (MWM) was used to evaluate the cognitive function, and the physiological status of the key components in central cholinergic system was also investigated. Our animal behavioral tests indicated that EGb can release the learning and memory impairment caused by repeated high sustained +Gz. Administration of EGb to rats can diminish some of the harmful physiological effects caused by repeated +Gz exposures. Moreover, EGb administration can increase the biological activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) but reduce the production of malondialdehyde (MDA). Taken together, our study showed that EGb can ameliorate the impairment of learning and memory abilities of rats induced by repeated high sustained +Gz exposure; the underlying mechanisms appeared to be related to the signal regulation on the cholinergic system and antioxidant enzymes system.
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Coccaro EF, Lee R, Gozal D. Elevated Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers in Individuals With Intermittent Explosive Disorder and Correlation With Aggression in Humans. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:127-35. [PMID: 24582164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and clinical studies suggest a link between inflammation and oxidative stress. Because oxidative stress is an inherent part of inflammation, and inflammation is associated with behavioral aggression in lower mammals and humans, we hypothesized that markers of oxidative stress would be related to aggression in human subjects. In this case-control study, markers of oxidative stress and aggression were assessed in human subjects with histories of recurrent, problematic, impulsive aggressive behavior and in nonaggressive comparator subjects. METHODS Plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane were examined in the context of measures of aggression and impulsivity in physically healthy subjects with intermittent explosive disorder (n = 69), nonaggressive subjects with Axis I or II disorders (n = 61), and nonaggressive subjects with no history of Axis I or II disorders (n = 67). RESULTS Levels of plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane were significantly higher in subjects with intermittent explosive disorder compared with psychiatric or normal control subjects. In addition, both oxidative stress markers correlated with a composite measure of aggression; more specifically, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine correlated with measures reflecting a history of actual aggressive behavior in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a positive relationship between plasma markers of oxidative stress and aggression in human subjects. This finding adds to the complex picture of the central neuromodulatory role of aggression in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil F Coccaro
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience.
| | - Royce Lee
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Wei L, Xue R, Zhang P, Wu Y, Li X, Pei F. (1)H NMR-Based Metabolomics and Neurotoxicity Study of Cerebrum and Cerebellum in Rats Treated with Cinnabar, a Traditional Chinese Medicine. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:490-8. [PMID: 26110755 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cinnabar, an important traditional Chinese mineral medicine, has been widely used as a Chinese patent medicine ingredient for sedative therapy. Nevertheless, the neurotoxic effects of cinnabar have also been noted. In this study, (1)H NMR-based metabolomics, combined with multivariate pattern recognition, were applied to investigate the neurotoxic effects of cinnabar after intragastrical administration (dosed at 2 and 5 g/kg body weight) on male Wistar rats. The metabolite variations induced by cinnabar were characterized by increased levels of glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, and choline, as well as decreased levels of GABA, taurine, NAA, and NAAG in tissue extracts of the cerebellum and cerebrum. These findings suggested that cinnabar induced glutamate excitotoxicity, neuronal cell loss, osmotic state changes, membrane fluidity disruption, and oxidative injury in the brain. We also show here that there is a dose- and time-dependent neurotoxicity of cinnabar, and that cerebellum was more sensitive to cinnabar induction than cerebrum. This work illustrates the utility and reliability of (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach for examining the potential neurotoxic effects of cinnabar and other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xue
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Wu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkui Pei
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Paspalj D, Nikic P, Savic M, Djuric D, Simanic I, Zivkovic V, Jeremic N, Srejovic I, Jakovljevic V. Redox status in acute ischemic stroke: correlation with clinical outcome. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:75-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Ya'u J, Yaro AH, Malami S, Musa MA, Abubakar A, Yahaya SM, Chindo BA, Anuka JA, Hussaini IM. Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous fraction of Carissa edulis root bark. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1329-1338. [PMID: 25856720 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.981280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage a plethora of diseases including epilepsy, cancer, and inflammation; its efficacy is widely acclaimed among communities of northern Nigeria. OBJECTIVE This study establishes anticonvulsant activities of aqueous fraction of ethanol root bark extract of Carissa edulis (RAF) and sub-fractions (S1 and S2) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the acute toxicity of the RAF, S1 and S2, and the anticonvulsant activity using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin, strychnine, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), isoniazid (INH), and aminophylline-induced seizures in mice. Their effects on maximal electroshock (MES) and kindling-induced seizures were studied in chicks and in rats, respectively, and in the electrophysiological study. The doses used for RAF were 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg while S1 and S2 were 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Both RAF and sub-fractions were administered once during the experiment. RESULTS The intraperitoneal LD50 of the RAF was estimated to be 2222.61 mg/kg and that of the S1 and S2 were above 5000 mg/kg. RAF protected the mice by 50% while sub-fractions by 16.67% against PTZ-induced seizures. RAF offered 33.33 and 16.67% protection against strychnine and NMDA models, respectively. However, RAF offered 66.67-33.33% protections against aminophylline-induced seizures at doses of 150 and 600 mg/kg, but RAF, S1, and S2 had no effect on MES-induced seizures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results validate the use of the plant traditionally in the management of epilepsy, thus supporting the appraisal of biologically active components of this plant as antiepileptic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ya'u
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria
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Sárközi K, Papp A, Horváth E, Máté Z, Ferencz Á, Hermesz E, Krisch J, Paulik E, Szabó A. Green tea and vitamin C ameliorate some neuro-functional and biochemical signs of arsenic toxicity in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 19:102-9. [PMID: 25211010 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nervous system damage is one of the consequences of oral exposure to waterborne inorganic arsenic. In this work, the role of oxidative status in the neurotoxicity of arsenic and the possible role of two foodborne antioxidants in ameliorating arsenic-related oxidative stress were investigated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were given 10 mg/kg b.w. of trivalent inorganic arsenic (in the form of NaAsO2), 5 day/week for 6 weeks by gavage, combined with vitamin C solution (1 g/l) or green tea infusion (2.5 g in 500 ml boiled water) as antioxidants given in the drinking fluid. RESULTS Body weight gain was reduced by arsenic from the second week and the antioxidants had no effect on that. Cortical evoked potentials had increased latency, tail nerve conduction velocity was reduced, and this latter effect was counteracted by the antioxidants. The effect of green tea was stronger than that of vitamin C, and green tea also diminished lipid peroxidation induced by As. There was fair correlation between brain As levels, electrophysiological changes, and lipid peroxidation, suggesting a causal relationship. DISCUSSION Natural antioxidants might be useful in the protection of the central nervous system against the toxicity of oral As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Sárközi
- a Department of Public Health , University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
| | - András Papp
- a Department of Public Health , University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Edina Horváth
- a Department of Public Health , University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Máté
- a Department of Public Health , University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ágnes Ferencz
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- c Institute of Food Engineering, University of Szeged Faculty of Engineering , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Edit Paulik
- a Department of Public Health , University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- a Department of Public Health , University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
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Borovac Štefanović L, Kalinić D, Mimica N, Beer Ljubić B, Aladrović J, Mandelsamen Perica M, Curić M, Grošić PF, Delaš I. Oxidative status and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 52:95-104. [PMID: 24707007 DOI: 10.1177/0004563214528882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to measure the parameters of oxidative stress in the blood of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. METHODS The study included 80 male war veterans who participated actively in the Homeland war in Croatia. Volunteers were divided into two groups: 50 veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and 30 without diagnosis. The self-assessment Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to detect the severity of depression and anxiety in the post-traumatic stress disorder patients. Catalytic concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Although the catalytic concentrations of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase were within the reference range for both groups, the values obtained for the post-traumatic stress disorder group were significantly lower (P<0.001). For serum malondialdehyde concentrations, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Lower catalytic concentrations of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder may indicate a weaker response to oxidative stress due to impaired enzyme activity and/or decreased synthesis. Conversely, no significant changes in serum malondialdehyde concentrations suggest a compensated balance and adaptive response to (oxidative) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dubravka Kalinić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasna Aladrović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Curić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivančica Delaš
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Liang X, Tang Y, Duan L, Cheng S, Luo L, Cao X, Tu B. Adverse effect of sub-chronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene and protective effect of butylated hydroxyanisole on learning and memory ability in male Sprague-Dawley rat. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:739-48. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Luzhou Medical College
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xianqing Cao
- Experiment center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Baijie Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
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Sivakumar S, Sivasubramanian J, Khatiwada CP, Manivannan J, Raja B. Determination of aluminium induced metabolic changes in mice liver: a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:241-248. [PMID: 23571087 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we made a new approach to evaluate aluminium induced metabolic changes in liver tissue of mice using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis taking one step further in correlation with strong biochemical evidence. This finding reveals the alterations on the major biochemical constituents, such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and glycogen of the liver tissues of mice. The peak area value of amide A significantly decrease from 288.278±3.121 to 189.872±2.012 between control and aluminium treated liver tissue respectively. Amide I and amide II peak area value also decrease from 40.749±2.052 to 21.170±1.311 and 13.167±1.441 to 8.953±0.548 in aluminium treated liver tissue respectively. This result suggests an alteration in the protein profile. The absence of olefinicCH stretching band and CO stretching of triglycerides in aluminium treated liver suggests an altered lipid levels due to aluminium exposure. Significant shift in the peak position of glycogen may be the interruption of aluminium in the calcium metabolism and the reduced level of calcium. The overall findings exhibit that the liver metabolic program is altered through increasing the structural modification in proteins, triglycerides and quantitative alteration in proteins, lipids, and glycogen. All the above mentioned modifications were protected in desferrioxamine treated mice. Histopathological results also revealed impairment of aluminium induced alterations in liver tissue. The results of the FTIR study were found to be in agreement with biochemical studies and which demonstrate FTIR can be used successfully to indicate the molecular level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Electrochemistry of surface wired cytochrome c and bioelectrocatalytic sensing of superoxide. J CHEM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sivakumar S, Sivasubramanian J, Raja B. Aluminium induced structural, metabolic alterations and protective effects of desferrioxamine in the brain tissue of mice: an FTIR study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 99:252-258. [PMID: 23085282 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we intended to made a new approach to evaluate aluminium induced metabolic changes in mice brain tissue using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results demonstrate that FTIR can successfully indicate the molecular changes that occur in all groups. The overall findings demonstrate the alterations on the major biochemical constituents, such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of the brain tissues of mice. The significant decrease in the area value of amide A peak and Olefinic = CH stretching band suggests an alteration in the protein profile and lipid levels due to aluminium exposure, respectively. The significant shift in the amide I and amide II protein peaks may indicate the progression of aluminium induced Alzheimer's disease. Further the administration of DFO significantly improved the level of protein and brought back the amide I and II peaks nearer to the control value. Histopathological results also revealed impairment of Aluminium induced alterations in brain tissue. The results of the FTIR study were found to be in agreement with biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608 002, India.
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41
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Regulation of FMO and PON detoxication systems in ALS human tissues. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:370-7. [PMID: 23073612 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology. Recent evidence suggests an association between the exposure to toxic environmental factors and sporadic ALS. The flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) and paraoxonase (PONs) genes encode enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxication and are associated with ALS. FMO and PON gene expression has been examined in the human central nervous system including human brain subregions defined as the spinal cord, medulla, and cerebral cortex and in the peripheral tissues (lymphocytes, fibroblasts) in ALS patients and normal control subjects. FMO expression was generally higher in tissues from ALS subjects than in control tissues, with the largest increases in FMO expression detected in the spinal cord. In peripheral tissues, the FMO mRNA level was found to be lower compared with FMO expression in brain tissue, and no differences were detected between ALS patients and the control tissue. FMO and PON gene expression was low in peripheral tissues. In contrast to FMO5 expression, the PON2 gene was down-regulated in ALS patients compared to the controls. Because FMO and PON are involved in the detoxication processes and their functional activity to bioactivate chemicals to toxins has been documented, the data herein suggest that environmental toxin exposure may play a role in a subset of individuals who contract ALS by altering FMO and PON gene expression. Although the precise pathogenic link is presently unknown, these findings suggest a role at FMO and PON genes in the development of ALS.
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Harisa GI, Alanazi FK, El-Bassat RA, Malik A, Abdallah GM. Protective effect of pravastatin against mercury induced vascular cells damage: erythrocytes as surrogate markers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:428-435. [PMID: 22771764 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the protective effect of pravastatin (PRV) against mercury-induced cellular damage. Human erythrocytes were incubated with PRV, HgCl(2) and HgCl(2) pretreated with PRV. Our results revealed that incubation of erythrocytes with HgCl(2) induces a significant increase the ratios of superoxide dismutase/glutathione peroxidase (SOD/GPx), superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT), oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA) and protein carbonyl(PCO) by 60%, 50%, 333%, 400% and 208% respectively. Whereas, prior incubation of erythrocytes with PRV maintains these parameters at values similar to control cells. Furthermore, the level of nitrite in erythrocytes decreases significantly on treatment with HgCl(2), whereas it remains similar to the control when pretreated with PRV. Also, there was an increase in erythrocytes hemolysis when treated with HgCl(2), whereas it remained the like to the control when pretreated with PRV. In conclusion, PRV pretreatment maintained the erythrocytes oxidant/antioxidant balance and nitrite level during mercury exposure. Consequently, PRV pretreatment is worthy of further investigation in the reduction of the cardiovascular risk of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa A El-Bassat
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamil M Abdallah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Silva Sieger FA, Díaz Silva GA, Ardila GP, García RG. Mercury chronic toxicity might be associated to some cases of hydrocephalus in adult humans? Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:13-6. [PMID: 22521429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mercury accumulates in nervous tissue causing neurological and psychiatric manifestations. Numerous clinical findings have been described in patients that suffered chronic mercury intoxication. Some findings, such as hydrocephalus, have been described only in experimental studies. Following, we present a case of 50 year-old man with a 3-month history of severe frontal headache episodes and vision loss together with a history of asthenia, anorexia, muscle pain, fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrocephalus and stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius. This patient reported that he worked as laboratory metallurgic auxiliary for over 30 years. During this time, he had been chronically exposed to elemental mercury. The metals whole blood test was normal, except by his blood mercury level that was 61.5 μg/L (normal ~1 μg/L). In our best knowledge, hydrocephalus and stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius have been described only in animals exposed to methylmercury during their gestation. We think that this case of hydrocephalus might be associated with the chronic mercury exposure and therefore this etiology must be taken in account in a patient with hydrocephalus of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Silva Sieger
- Grupo de Ciencias Neurovasculares, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia.
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Abarikwu SO, Pant AB, Farombi EO. 4-Hydroxynonenal induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:441-8. [PMID: 22118713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive and sustained increases in oxidative stress and apoptosis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a product of lipid peroxidation in a range of concentration (0.1-50 μM) showed cytotoxic effects on SH-SY5Y cell culture at a concentration >5 μM at 4 hr of exposure. 4-HNE dose dependently decreased cell viability and significantly promoted reactive oxygen species formation and enhanced oxidative stress as reflected in the increased level of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity as well as glutathione levels. 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress was associated with increased transcriptional and translational expressions of Bax and p53 in SH-SY5Y cells. Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis was confirmed by increased expression and activity of caspase-3. Our data demonstrate that 4-HNE induces neuronal cell death through abnormal expression of apoptotic markers (p53, Bax and caspase-3). Oxidative stress may be involved in the initial priming of SH-SY5Y cells to 4-HNE-induced cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Xia Y, Cheng S, He J, Liu X, Tang Y, Yuan H, He L, Lu T, Tu B, Wang Y. Effects of subchronic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on learning and memory, and neurotransmitters in male Sprague–Dawley rat. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:188-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bouayed J, Rammal H, Soulimani R. Oxidative stress and anxiety: relationship and cellular pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2:63-7. [PMID: 20357926 PMCID: PMC2763246 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.2.7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High O2 consumption, modest antioxidant defenses and a lipid-rich constitution make the brain highly vulnerable to redox imbalances. Oxidative damage in the brain causes nervous system impairment. Recently, oxidative stress has also been implicated in depression, anxiety disorders and high anxiety levels. The findings which establish a link between oxidative stress and pathological anxiety have inspired a number of other recent studies focusing on the link between oxidative status and normal anxiety and also on a possible causal relationship between cellular oxidative stress and emotional stress. This review examines the recent discoveries made on the link between oxidative status and normal anxiety levels and the putative role of oxidative stress in genesis of anxiety. We discuss the different opinions and questions that exist in the field and review the methodological approaches that are being used to determine a causal relationship between oxidative and emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouad Bouayed
- Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, UR AFPA, Université Paul Verlaine de Metz-INPL-INRA, Metz, France.
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Le TM, Jiang H, Cunningham GR, Magarik JA, Barge WS, Cato MC, Farina M, Rocha JBT, Milatovic D, Lee E, Aschner M, Summar ML. γ-Glutamylcysteine ameliorates oxidative injury in neurons and astrocytes in vitro and increases brain glutathione in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2010; 32:518-25. [PMID: 21159318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamylcysteine (γ-GC) is an intermediate molecule of the glutathione (GSH) synthesis pathway. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that γ-GC pretreatment in cultured astrocytes and neurons protects against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative injury. We demonstrate that pretreatment with γ-GC increases the ratio of reduced:oxidized GSH levels in both neurons and astrocytes and increases total GSH levels in neurons. In addition, γ-GC pretreatment decreases isoprostane formation both in neurons and astrocytes, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation in astrocytes in response to H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, GSH and isoprostane levels significantly correlate with increased neuron and astrocyte viability in cells pretreated with γ-GC. Finally, we demonstrate that administration of a single intravenous injection of γ-GC to mice significantly increases GSH levels in the brain, heart, lungs, liver, and in muscle tissues in vivo. These results support a potential therapeutic role for γ-GC in the reduction of oxidant stress-induced damage in tissues including the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc M Le
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Bouayed J, Desor F, Soulimani R. Subacute oral exposure to benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[alpha]P) increases aggressiveness and affects consummatory aspects of sexual behaviour in male mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:581-585. [PMID: 19414216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[alpha]P) is a neurotoxic pollutant which is also able to affect some behaviour and cognitive function. Here we report that a subacute oral exposure to B[alpha]P increases aggressiveness and affects copulatory behaviour in male mice. Indeed, after 3 weeks of exposure to B[alpha]P at 0.02 and 0.2mg/kg, we have observed that B[alpha]P 0.02 mg/kg-treated male mice are more aggressive than control mice in resident-intruder test because a significant decrease in the latency time of the first attack and a significant increase in the number of attacks in B[alpha]P 0.02 mg/kg-treated mice were found. On the other hand, we have found that subacute exposure (4 weeks) to B[alpha]P, does not affect the appetitive aspects and sexual motivation in copulatory behaviour because the latency to the first mount between control and B[alpha]P-treated male mice was not significantly different. We have nevertheless, surprisingly found that B[alpha]P (0.02-0.2)mg/kg-treated mice have performed significantly more sexual behavioural acts including mounting, intromission latency and intromission frequency than control mice. Although these last results suggest that B[alpha]P improves the consummatory aspects of sexual behaviour, we cannot conclude that this neurotoxic pollutant has advantage of sexual function because B[alpha]P has been shown to alter the monoaminergic neurotransmitter system and causes endocrine dysregulation via toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouad Bouayed
- Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivié, UR AFPA, Université Paul Verlaine de Metz-INPL-INRA, 57040 Metz, France.
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Garcia GB, Biancardi ME, Quiroga AD. Vanadium (V)-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Rat Central Nervous System: A Histo-Immunohistochemical Study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 28:329-44. [PMID: 16051558 DOI: 10.1081/dct-200064496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As vanadium was found to induce oxidative stress in the central nervous system, the morphological alterations of neurons and astroglial cells in adult rat central nervous system after vanadium exposure was studied, using histological markers of cellular injury. Animals were intraperitoneally injected with 3 mg/kg body weight of sodium metavanadate for 5 consecutive days. NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and heat shock protein (hsp) 70, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S-100 immunohistochemistry were performed in floating sections of several brain areas. NADPHd staining was higher in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellar cortex, and small NADPHd-stained interneurons were observed in hippocampal sections in V(+5)-exposed animals. hsp 70 immunostaining showed the presence of reactive neurons in cerebellum of treated animals. GFAP and S-100 immunohistochemistry showed enlarged astrocytes in cerebellum and hippocampus in the V(+5)-exposed animals. The histological markers used showed that the main areas affected by vanadium-mediated free-radical generation were the hippocampus and the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Beatriz Garcia
- Morphology Department, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Nur Ozdabak H, Karaoğlanoğlu S, Akgül N, Polat F, Seven N. The effects of amalgam restorations on plasma mercury levels and total antioxidant activity. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:1101-6. [PMID: 18790473 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of amalgam restorations on plasma mercury levels and total antioxidant activities (TAA). DESIGN The study was comprised of 48 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 32 years. Of these, 33 had dental amalgam restorations and 15 had no dental amalgam restorations. In those patients with amalgams, the total number of amalgam restorations and surfaces were counted, and the total and occlusal areas (mm(2)) of restorations were measured using a Counting Measurement Machine. Blood samples were collected from all participants. Plasma mercury levels were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and Hydride System, and plasma TAA levels were measured using an Antioxidant Assay Kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 10.01 software program. Data was evaluated by t test and correlation analysis. RESULTS Plasma mercury (P-Hg) levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with amalgam restorations when compared to subjects without amalgams (p<0.01); the differences in P-TAA levels between subjects with and without amalgams were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). No significant correlations were found between P-Hg concentrations and P-TAA levels (p>0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between P-Hg concentrations and the number of amalgam restorations (p<0.01), number of amalgam surfaces (p<0.05), total amalgam surface area (p<0.05) and amalgam occlusal surface area (p<0.01). However, no significant correlations were found between these parameters and P-TAA (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that dental amalgams are a major source of plasma mercury; however, amalgam restorations were not found to have a significant effect on plasma-total antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nur Ozdabak
- Sair Arsi Street No. 6 Göztepe/Kadiköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
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