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Hammoud MK, Dietze R, Pesek J, Finkernagel F, Unger A, Bieringer T, Nist A, Stiewe T, Bhagwat AM, Nockher WA, Reinartz S, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Graumann J, Müller R. Arachidonic acid, a clinically adverse mediator in the ovarian cancer microenvironment, impairs JAK-STAT signaling in macrophages by perturbing lipid raft structures. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3146-3166. [PMID: 35451191 PMCID: PMC9441005 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of ovarian carcinoma is associated with the abundance of immunosuppressed CD163highCD206high tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and high levels of arachidonic acid (AA) in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that both associations are functionally linked. Transcriptional profiling revealed that high CD163 and CD206/MRC1 expression in TAMs is strongly associated with an inhibition of cytokine‐triggered signaling, mirrored by an impaired transcriptional response to interferons and IL‐6 in monocyte‐derived macrophages by AA. This inhibition of pro‐inflammatory signaling is caused by dysfunctions of the cognate receptors, indicated by the inhibition of JAK1, JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 phosphorylation, and by the displacement of the interferon receptor IFNAR1, STAT1 and other immune‐regulatory proteins from lipid rafts. AA exposure led to a dramatic accumulation of free AA in lipid rafts, which appears to be mechanistically crucial, as the inhibition of its incorporation into phospholipids did not affect the AA‐mediated interference with STAT1 phosphorylation. Inhibition of interferon‐triggered STAT1 phosphorylation by AA was reversed by water‐soluble cholesterol, known to prevent the perturbation of lipid raft structure by AA. These findings suggest that the pharmacologic restoration of lipid raft functions in TAMs may contribute to the development new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad K Hammoud
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Dietze
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Pesek
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Unger
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Bieringer
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Hochschule Landshut, 84036, Landshut, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aditya M Bhagwat
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - W Andreas Nockher
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Graumann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Institute for Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Automated data-driven mass spectrometry for improved analysis of lipids with dual dissociation techniques. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 22:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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3
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Dietze R, Hammoud MK, Gómez-Serrano M, Unger A, Bieringer T, Finkernagel F, Sokol AM, Nist A, Stiewe T, Reinartz S, Ponath V, Preußer C, von Strandmann EP, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Graumann J, Müller R. Phosphoproteomics identify arachidonic-acid-regulated signal transduction pathways modulating macrophage functions with implications for ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1377-1395. [PMID: 33391540 PMCID: PMC7738879 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present at high concentrations in the ovarian cancer (OC) microenvironment and associated with a poor clinical outcome. In the present study, we have unraveled a potential link between AA and macrophage functions. Methods: AA-triggered signal transduction was studied in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by phosphoproteomics, transcriptional profiling, measurement of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and reactive oxygen species production in conjunction with bioinformatic analyses. Functional effects were investigated by actin filament staining, quantification of macropinocytosis and analysis of extracellular vesicle release. Results: We identified the ASK1 - p38δ/α (MAPK13/14) axis as a central constituent of signal transduction pathways triggered by non-metabolized AA. This pathway was induced by the Ca2+-triggered activation of calmodulin kinase II, and to a minor extent by ROS generation in a subset of donors. Activated p38 in turn was linked to a transcriptional stress response associated with a poor relapse-free survival. Consistent with the phosphorylation of the p38 substrate HSP27 and the (de)phosphorylation of multiple regulators of Rho family GTPases, AA impaired actin filament organization and inhibited actin-driven macropinocytosis. AA also affected the phosphorylation of proteins regulating vesicle biogenesis, and consistently, AA enhanced the release of tetraspanin-containing exosome-like vesicles. Finally, we identified phospholipase A2 group 2A (PLA2G2A) as the clinically most relevant enzyme producing extracellular AA, providing further potentially theranostic options. Conclusion: Our results suggest that AA contributes to an unfavorable clinical outcome of OC by impacting the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Besides critical AA-regulated signal transduction proteins identified in the present study, PLA2G2A might represent a potential prognostic tool and therapeutic target to interfere with OC progression.
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Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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5
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Lindsay MA, Daniels I, Fletcher J. Phospholipases and the Activation and Priming of Neutrophils by Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089701700510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of phospholipases during the activation and priming of neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase by peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE).DesignExamine the action of 4-hour dwell PDE upon phospholipase activation in the circulating neutrophils obtained from healthy individuals.ResultsWe have previously reported that PDE stimulated superoxide release by the NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils and primed the response to the bacterial peptide, fMLP (fMetLeuPhe). To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying these observations, we have examined the roles of phospholipases (PL) C, D, and A2, whose activation causes the release of a range of intracellular secondary messengers. Following fMLP stimulation, we observed a rapid activation of both PLC and PLD as well as a small but nonsignificant increase in PLA2 activity. Peritoneal dialysis effluent alone failed to stimulate either PLC or PLD, while pre-incubation with PDE had no affect upon fMLP-induced PLC and PLD activation. However, PDE caused a small but nonsignificant increase in PLA2 activity (which was comparable to that observed with fMLP) and primed the fMLP-induced response. In common with a role for PLA2 and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid (AA), we have demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of PDE-induced superoxide release by the PLA2 inhibitor mepacrine, as well as activation and priming of the fMLP-induced superoxide generation by AA.ConclusionsThese results imply that PDE-induced NADPH-oxidase activation and priming in human neutrophils is mediated via a PLA2-dependent but PLC and PLD-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Lindsay
- Medical Research Centre, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Daniels
- Medical Research Centre, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Fletcher
- Medical Research Centre, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Mariani ME, Fidelio GD. Secretory Phospholipases A 2 in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31354755 PMCID: PMC6635587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases (sPLA2s) in plants are a growing group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sn-2 glycerophospholipids to lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. Until today, around only 20 sPLA2s were reported from plants. This review discusses the newly acquired information on plant sPLA2s including molecular, biochemical, catalytic, and functional aspects. The comparative analysis also includes phylogenetic, evolutionary, and tridimensional structure. The observations with emphasis in Glycine max sPLA2 are compared with the available data reported for all plants sPLA2s and with those described for animals (mainly from pancreatic juice and venoms sources).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Mariani
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Fundamentación Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Daniel Fidelio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Zhang N, Wang L, Luo G, Tang X, Ma L, Zheng Y, Liu S, A Price C, Jiang Z. Arachidonic Acid Regulation of Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Target Gene Expression in Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060374. [PMID: 31248190 PMCID: PMC6617051 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Arachidonic acid (AA) is one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids that presents in a very high proportion in the mammalian follicular fluid. However, the mechanism of its effects on bovine ovarian granulosa cells is not clear. In the present study, we found that arachidonic acid plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, lipid accumulation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells. In this sense, arachidonic acid can directly affect the functionality of granulosa cells and therefore follicular development and ovulation, which could provide useful information for future studies relating to increasing fecundity of bovine. Abstract In the present study, AA was used to challenge bovine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro and the related parameters of cellular and molecular biology were measured. The results indicated that lower doses of AA increased survival of bovine granulosa cells whereas higher doses of AA suppressed survival. While lower doses of AA induced accumulation of lipid droplet in granulosa cells, the higher dose of AA inhibited lipid accumulation, and AA increased abundance of FABP3, CD36 and SLC27A1 mRNA. Higher doses of AA decreased the secretion of E2 and increased the secretion of P4 accompanied by down-regulation of the mRNA abundance of CYP19A1, FSHR, HSD3B1 and STAR in granulosa cells. The signaling pathways employed by AA in the stimulation of genes expression included both ERK1/2 and Akt. Together, AA specifically affects physiological features, gene expression levels and steroid hormone secretion, and thus altering the functionality of granulosa cells of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Liqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guoya Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lizhu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center, Qinhai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Christopher A Price
- Centre de recherche en reproduction fertility, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Dzyuba V, Sampels S, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Kahanec M, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Rodina M, Cosson J, Boryshpolets S, Selinger M, Sterba J, Dzyuba B. Sperm motility and lipid composition in internally fertilizing ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro. Theriogenology 2019; 130:26-35. [PMID: 30856412 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
All extant groups of Elasmobranches have internal fertilization and the structure of the male reproductive organs is very specific: sperm passes from the internal organs via the cloaca, but the male copulating organ (clasper) is distant from the cloaca. This suggests that sperm can contact the surrounding medium before fertilization. Because of this involvement with the environment, external signaling in sperm motility activation could occur in these species even though their fertilization mode is internal. In this case, spermatozoa of Elasmobranches should hypothetically possess a specific structure and membrane lipid composition which supports physiological functions of the sperm associated with environmental tonicity changes occurring at fertilization. Additionally, sperm motility properties in these taxa are poorly understood. The current study examined sperm lipid composition and motility under different environmental conditions for the ocellate river stingray, Potamotrygon motoro, an endemic South America freshwater species. Sperm samples were collected from six mature males during the natural spawning period. Sperm motility was examined in seminal fluid and fresh water by light video microscopy. Helical flagellar motion was observed in seminal fluid and resulted in spermatozoon progression; however, when diluted in fresh water, spermatozoa were immotile and had compromised structure. Lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition of spermatozoa was analyzed by thin layer and gas chromatography. Spermatozoa FAs consisted of 33 ± 1% saturated FAs, 28 ± 1% monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and 41 ± 1% polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and a high content of n-6 FAs (32 ± 2%) was measured. These results allowed us to conclude that sperm transfer from P. motoro male into female should occur without coming into contact with the hypotonic environment so as to preserve potent motility. In addition, this unusual reproductive strategy is associated with specific spermatozoa structure and lipid composition. Low level of docosahexaenoic acid and relatively low PUFA/MUFA ratio probably account for the relatively low fluidity of freshwater stingray membrane and can be the main reason for its low tolerance to hypotonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, PO Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biology and Zootechny, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory - LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Kahanec
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biology and Zootechny, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory - LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marek Rodina
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jacky Cosson
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sergii Boryshpolets
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Selinger
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sterba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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9
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L-Carnitine as an additive in Tyrode's buffer during platelet storage. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2019; 29:613-621. [PMID: 29995655 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: Platelets are stored at 22-24°C for 5 days, with gentle agitation. Platelet storage lesion decreases efficacy and safety of stored platelets. L-Carnitine is a nonessential amino acid. Its interference with arachidonic acid metabolism affects platelet functions and oxidative stress. Hence, our study focuses on the use of L-carnitine in storage solution and investigates its influence on platelet functions and oxidative stress. Platelets isolated from 4-month-old male Wistar rats were stored with and without L-carnitine (10, 50 and 100 mmol/l) at 22°C for 12 days. Various markers were analyzed on days 0, 4, 8 and 12. Aggregation with collagen decreased in LC100 (day 12), whereas adenosine triphosphate secretion increased in all L-carnitine groups. Glucose consumption was less in L-carnitine groups and pH was maintained at 7.4 in LC50 (day 8). Conjugate dienes (day 4) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (day 8) increased in LC10 and LC100. Protein carbonyls were maintained in L-carnitine groups. Catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased gradually. L-Carnitine proved to be beneficial in platelet storage solution. There was improvement in platelet metabolism, decrements in lipid peroxidation and elevations in total antioxidant capacity up to 12 days. However, pH results emphasize that platelets with L-carnitine (50 mmol/l) could be stored up to 8 days. Therefore, Tyrode's buffer with L-carnitine can be an effective storage solution for extended platelet storage. This study contributes towards the development of better storage solutions for platelets.
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10
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Shang J, Brust R, Mosure SA, Bass J, Munoz-Tello P, Lin H, Hughes TS, Tang M, Ge Q, Kamenekca TM, Kojetin DJ. Cooperative cobinding of synthetic and natural ligands to the nuclear receptor PPARγ. eLife 2018; 7:43320. [PMID: 30575522 PMCID: PMC6317912 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal structures of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) have revealed overlapping binding modes for synthetic and natural/endogenous ligands, indicating competition for the orthosteric pocket. Here we show that cobinding of a synthetic ligand to the orthosteric pocket can push natural and endogenous PPARγ ligands (fatty acids) out of the orthosteric pocket towards an alternate ligand-binding site near the functionally important omega (Ω)-loop. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis coupled to quantitative biochemical functional and cellular assays reveal that synthetic ligand and fatty acid cobinding can form a 'ligand link' to the Ω-loop and synergistically affect the structure and function of PPARγ. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating ligand binding to nuclear receptors can be more complex than the classical one-for-one orthosteric exchange of a natural or endogenous ligand with a synthetic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsai Shang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Richard Brust
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Sarah A Mosure
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States.,Summer Undergraduate Research Fellows (SURF) program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States.,Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Jared Bass
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Paola Munoz-Tello
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Travis S Hughes
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, The University of Montana, Missoula, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, United States
| | - Miru Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, United States
| | - Qingfeng Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, United States
| | - Theodore M Kamenekca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Douglas J Kojetin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
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11
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Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V. How lipids contribute to ion channel function, a fat perspective on direct and indirect interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 51:92-98. [PMID: 29602157 PMCID: PMC6162190 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipid composition and remodeling influence the function of ion channels. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their derivatives modulate ion channel function; whether this effect occurs directly by binding to the protein or indirectly through alteration of membranes' mechanical properties has been difficult to distinguish. There are a large number of studies addressing the effect of fatty acids; recent structural and functional analyses have identified binding sites and provided further evidence for the role of the plasma membrane in ion channel function. Here, we review cation channels that do not share a common topology or lipid-binding signature sequence, but for which there are recent compelling data that support both direct and indirect modulation by PUFAs or their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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12
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Park HG, Zhang JY, Foster C, Sudilovsky D, Schwed DA, Mecenas J, Devapatla S, Lawrence P, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. A rare eicosanoid precursor analogue, sciadonic acid (5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3), detected in vivo in hormone positive breast cancer tissue. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 134:1-6. [PMID: 29886893 PMCID: PMC5999340 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous genetic alterations of HSA 11q13 are found frequently in several cancer types, including breast cancer (BC). The 11q13 locus harbors FADS2 encoding Δ6 desaturation which is not functional in several cancer cell lines, including hormone positive MCF7 BC cells. In vitro, the non-functional FADS2 activity unmasks 18:2n-6 elongation to 20:2n-6 and Δ5 desaturation by FADS1 to yield 5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3 (sciadonic acid) rather than 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-20:4 (arachidonic acid). In this pilot study we aimed to determine whether 5,11,14-20:3 appears in vivo in hormone positive human BC tissue. Fatty acids were profiled in surgically removed human breast tumor and adjacent normal tissue (n = 9). Sciadonic acid was detected in three of nine breast tumor samples and was below detect limits in normal breast tissue. The internal Δ8 double bond of arachidonic acid is required for normal eicosanoid synthesis but is missing in sciadonic acid. This pilot study demonstrates for the first time in vivo sciadonic acid in hormone positive BC tissue, warranting a larger survey study to further evaluate its appearance and the functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - J Y Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C Foster
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - D Sudilovsky
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - D A Schwed
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - J Mecenas
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - S Devapatla
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - P Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - K S D Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - J T Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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13
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Zhang JM, Wang XH, Hao LH, Wang H, Zhang XY, Muhammad I, Qi Y, Li GL, Sun XQ. Nrf2 is crucial for the down-regulation of Cyp7a1 induced by arachidonic acid in Hepg2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:21-26. [PMID: 28364638 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In former research, cyp7a1 expression was decreased but Nrf2 transcription and hepatic arachidonic acid (AA) concentration were increased in high-fat diet fed mice. This study aims to investigate the influence of AA in CYP7A1 expression and the role of Nrf2 in regulating CYP7A1 in the process. HepG2 cells were administered with different concentrations of AA. Nrf2 and CYP7A1 expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. Nrf2 silenced and over-expressed cell models were constructed by Nrf2 siRNA and eukaryotic expression vector transient transfections and were used to investigate the role of Nrf2 in regulating CYP7A1 following AA administration. The results showed that Nrf2 was increased dose-dependently but CYP7A1 was decreased dose-dependently in cells treated with increasing concentrations of AA. The expression of CYP7A1 was increased by Nrf2 silence and was decreased by Nrf2 over-expression in HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of AA. In conclusion, Nrf2 plays a significant role in the down-regulation of CYP7A1 induced by AA in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xing-He Wang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Li-Hong Hao
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - He Wang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Yue Qi
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Guang-Liang Li
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qi Sun
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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14
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Worzfeld T, Pogge von Strandmann E, Huber M, Adhikary T, Wagner U, Reinartz S, Müller R. The Unique Molecular and Cellular Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:24. [PMID: 28275576 PMCID: PMC5319992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal interplay of cancer cells and host cells is an indispensable prerequisite for tumor growth and progression. Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, in particular tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cells, as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts enter into a malicious liaison with tumor cells to create a tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Ovarian cancer, the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, is characterized by a unique TME that enables specific and efficient metastatic routes, impairs immune surveillance, and mediates therapy resistance. A characteristic feature of the ovarian cancer TME is the role of resident host cells, in particular activated mesothelial cells, which line the peritoneal cavity in huge numbers, as well as adipocytes of the omentum, the preferred site of metastatic lesions. Another crucial factor is the peritoneal fluid, which enables the transcoelomic spread of tumor cells to other pelvic and peritoneal organs, and occurs at more advanced stages as a malignancy-associated effusion. This ascites is rich in tumor-promoting soluble factors, extracellular vesicles and detached cancer cells as well as large numbers of T cells, TAMs, and other host cells, which cooperate with resident host cells to support tumor progression and immune evasion. In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular interactions that govern this interplay with a focus on signaling networks formed by cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles; the pathophysiologial roles of TAMs and T cells; the mechanism of transcoelomic metastasis; and the cell type selective processing of signals from the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Biomedical Research Center, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) , Marburg , Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
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15
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Riedel S, Abel S, Burger HM, van der Westhuizen L, Swanevelder S, Gelderblom WCA. Differential modulation of the lipid metabolism as a model for cellular resistance to fumonisin B1-induced cytotoxic effects in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 109:39-51. [PMID: 27269712 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Differential sensitivity of primary hepatocytes and Chang cells to the cancer promoter fumonisin B1 (FB1)-induced cytotoxic effects were investigated in relation to changes in membrane lipid distribution. In contrast to primary hepatocytes, Chang cells were resistant to FB1-induced cytotoxic effects. This was associated with a high cholesterol (Chol) and sphingomyelin (SM) and low phosphatidylcholine (PC) content, resulting in a significant (P<0.05) decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/PC ratio, increased Chol/total phosphoglyceride (TPG) ratios and low total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in PC and PE, suggesting a more rigid membrane structure. High levels of C18:1 and reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are likely to provide selective resistance to FB1-induced oxidative stress. FB1-associated lipid changes included decreases in SM and Chol, increases in sphinganine (Sa) and PE with the increases in key saturated, monounsaturated, and PUFAs in PE as key role players in the differential responses to FB1-induced cell growth responses in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riedel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - S Abel
- Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - H-M Burger
- Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - L van der Westhuizen
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - S Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - W C A Gelderblom
- Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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16
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Reinartz S, Finkernagel F, Adhikary T, Rohnalter V, Schumann T, Schober Y, Nockher WA, Nist A, Stiewe T, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R. A transcriptome-based global map of signaling pathways in the ovarian cancer microenvironment associated with clinical outcome. Genome Biol 2016; 17:108. [PMID: 27215396 PMCID: PMC4877997 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble protein and lipid mediators play essential roles in the tumor environment, but their cellular origins, targets, and clinical relevance are only partially known. We have addressed this question for the most abundant cell types in human ovarian carcinoma ascites, namely tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. RESULTS Transcriptome-derived datasets were adjusted for errors caused by contaminating cell types by an algorithm using expression data derived from pure cell types as references. These data were utilized to construct a network of autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways comprising 358 common and 58 patient-specific signaling mediators and their receptors. RNA sequencing based predictions were confirmed for several proteins and lipid mediators. Published expression microarray results for 1018 patients were used to establish clinical correlations for a number of components with distinct cellular origins and target cells. Clear associations with early relapse were found for STAT3-inducing cytokines, specific components of WNT and fibroblast growth factor signaling, ephrin and semaphorin axon guidance molecules, and TGFβ/BMP-triggered pathways. An association with early relapse was also observed for secretory macrophage-derived phospholipase PLA2G7, its product arachidonic acid (AA) and signaling pathways controlled by the AA metabolites PGE2, PGI2, and LTB4. By contrast, the genes encoding norrin and its receptor frizzled 4, both selectively expressed by cancer cells and previously not linked to tumor suppression, show a striking association with a favorable clinical course. CONCLUSIONS We have established a signaling network operating in the ovarian cancer microenvironment with previously unidentified pathways and have defined clinically relevant components within this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Verena Rohnalter
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Tim Schumann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schober
- Metabolomics Core Facility and Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - W Andreas Nockher
- Metabolomics Core Facility and Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia M Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg, 35043, Germany.
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17
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18
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Santerre JL, Kolitz EB, Pal R, Rogow JA, Werner DF. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A₂ modulation of adolescent rat ethanol-induced protein kinase C translocation and behavior. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1023-31. [PMID: 25791059 PMCID: PMC4641673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption typically begins during adolescence, a developmental period which exhibits many age-dependent differences in ethanol behavioral sensitivity. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity is largely implicated in ethanol-behaviors, and our previous work indicates that regulation of novel PKC isoforms likely contributes to decreased high-dose ethanol sensitivity during adolescence. The cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signaling cascade selectivity modulates novel and atypical PKC isoform activity, as well as adolescent ethanol hypnotic sensitivity. Therefore, the current study was designed to ascertain adolescent cPLA2 activity both basally and in response to ethanol, as well as it's involvement in ethanol-induced PKC isoform translocation patterns. cPLA2 expression was elevated during adolescence, and activity was increased only in adolescents following high-dose ethanol administration. Novel, but not atypical PKC isoforms translocate to cytosolic regions following high-dose ethanol administration. Inhibiting cPLA2 with AACOCF3 blocked ethanol-induced PKC cytosolic translocation. Finally, inhibition of novel, but not atypical, PKC isoforms when cPLA2 activity was elevated, modulated adolescent high-dose ethanol-sensitivity. These data suggest that the cPLA2/PKC pathway contributes to the acute behavioral effects of ethanol during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Santerre
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - E. B. Kolitz
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - R. Pal
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - J. A. Rogow
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - D. F. Werner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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19
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Erkan LG, Altinbas B, Guvenc G, Alcay S, Toker MB, Ustuner B, Udum Kucuksen D, Yalcin M. Brain thromboxane A2 via arachidonic acid cascade induces the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis activation in rats. Auton Neurosci 2015; 189:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Emery EC, Diakogiannaki E, Gentry C, Psichas A, Habib AM, Bevan S, Fischer MJM, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Stimulation of GLP-1 secretion downstream of the ligand-gated ion channel TRPA1. Diabetes 2015; 64:1202-10. [PMID: 25325736 PMCID: PMC4375100 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulus-coupled incretin secretion from enteroendocrine cells plays a fundamental role in glucose homeostasis and could be targeted for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated the expression and function of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in enteroendocrine L cells producing GLP-1. By microarray and quantitative PCR analysis, we identified trpa1 as an L cell-enriched transcript in the small intestine. Calcium imaging of primary L cells and the model cell line GLUTag revealed responses triggered by the TRPA1 agonists allyl-isothiocyanate (mustard oil), carvacrol, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which were blocked by TRPA1 antagonists. Electrophysiology in GLUTag cells showed that carvacrol induced a current with characteristics typical of TRPA1 and triggered the firing of action potentials. TRPA1 activation caused an increase in GLP-1 secretion from primary murine intestinal cultures and GLUTag cells, an effect that was abolished in cultures from trpa1(-/-) mice or by pharmacological TRPA1 inhibition. These findings present TRPA1 as a novel sensory mechanism in enteroendocrine L cells, coupled to the facilitation of GLP-1 release, which may be exploitable as a target for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Emery
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Clive Gentry
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Arianna Psichas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Abdella M Habib
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Reimann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K.
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21
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Hendricks BK, Shi R. Mechanisms of neuronal membrane sealing following mechanical trauma. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:627-44. [PMID: 24993771 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane integrity is crucial for maintaining the intricate signaling and chemically-isolated intracellular environment of neurons; disruption risks deleterious effects, such as unregulated ionic flux, neuronal apoptosis, and oxidative radical damage as observed in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. This paper, in addition to a discussion of the current understanding of cellular tactics to seal membranes, describes two major factors involved in membrane repair. These are line tension, the hydrophobic attractive force between two lipid free-edges, and membrane tension, the rigidity of the lipid bilayer with respect to the tethered cortical cytoskeleton. Ca(2+), a major mechanistic trigger for repair processes, increases following flux through a membrane injury site, and activates phospholipase enzymes, calpain-mediated cortical cytoskeletal proteolysis, protein kinase cascades, and lipid bilayer microdomain modification. The membrane tension appears to be largely modulated through vesicle dynamics, cytoskeletal organization, membrane curvature, and phospholipase manipulation. Dehydration of the phospholipid gap edge and modification of membrane packaging, as in temperature variation, experimentally impact line tension. Due to the time-sensitive nature of axonal sealing, increasing the efficacy of axolemmal sealing through therapeutic modification would be of great clinical value, to deter secondary neurodegenerative effects. Better therapeutic enhancement of membrane sealing requires a complete understanding of its intricate underlying neuronal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Hendricks
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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22
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Santerre JL, Gigante ED, Landin JD, Werner DF. Molecular and behavioral characterization of adolescent protein kinase C following high dose ethanol exposure. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1809-20. [PMID: 24051603 PMCID: PMC4012395 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ethanol is commonly used and abused during adolescence. Although adolescents display differential behavioral responses to ethanol, the mechanisms by which this occurs are not known. The protein kinase C (PKC) pathway has been implicated in mediating many ethanol-related effects in adults, as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor regulation. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to characterize cortical PKC isoform and GABA(A) receptor subunit expression during adolescence relative to adults as well as assess PKC involvement in ethanol action. RESULTS Novel PKC isoforms were elevated, while PKCγ was lower during mid-adolescence relative to adults. Whole-cell lysate and synaptosomal preparations correlated for all isoforms except PKCδ. In parallel, synaptosomal GABAA receptor subunit expression was also developmentally regulated, with GABA(A)R δ and α4 being lower while α1 and γ2 were higher or similar, respectively, in adolescents compared to adults. Following acute ethanol exposure, synaptosomal novel and atypical PKC isoform expression was decreased only in adolescents. Behaviorally, inhibiting PKC with calphostin C, significantly increased ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) in adolescents but not adults, whereas activating PKC with phorbol dibutyrate was ineffective in adolescents but decreased LORR duration in adults. Further investigation revealed that inhibiting the cytosolic phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid (cPLA2/AA) pathway increased LORR duration in adolescents, but was ineffective in adults. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PKC isoforms are variably regulated during adolescence and may contribute to adolescent ethanol-related behavior. Furthermore, age-related differences in the cPLA2/AA pathway may contribute to ethanol's age-related effects on novel and atypical PKC isoform expression and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Santerre
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Eduardo D. Gigante
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Justine D. Landin
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - David F. Werner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
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23
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Schumann J, Basiouni S, Gück T, Fuhrmann H. Treating canine atopic dermatitis with unsaturated fatty acids: the role of mast cells and potential mechanisms of action. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1013-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - S. Basiouni
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Benha University; Moshtohor Toukh Qalioubeya Egypt
| | - T. Gück
- Hills Pet Nutrition; Hamburg Germany
| | - H. Fuhrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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24
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Cellular membrane fluidity in amyloid precursor protein processing. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:119-29. [PMID: 24553856 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The senile plaque is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques, is neurotoxic especially in its oligomeric form. Aβ is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases in the amyloidogenic pathway. Alternatively, APP can be cleaved by α-secretases within the Aβ domain to produce neurotrophic and neuroprotective α-secretase-cleaved soluble APP (sAPPα) in the nonamyloidogenic pathway. Since APP and α-, β-, and γ-secretases are membrane proteins, APP processing should be highly dependent on the membrane composition and the biophysical properties of cellular membrane. In this review, we discuss the role of the biophysical properties of cellular membrane in APP processing, especially the effects of phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s), fatty acids, cholesterol, and Aβ on membrane fluidity in relation to their effects on APP processing.
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25
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Garrel G, Simon V, Denoyelle C, Ishaq M, Rouch C, Dairou J, Magnan C, Migrenne S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Cohen-Tannoudji J. Unsaturated fatty acids disrupt Smad signaling in gonadotrope cells leading to inhibition of FSHβ gene expression. Endocrinology 2014; 155:592-604. [PMID: 24248462 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive function is highly dependent on nutritional input. We recently provided evidence that the unsaturated ω6 fatty acid (FA), linoleic acid (linoleic), interferes with transcription and secretion of the gonadotropin LH, highlighting the existence of a lipid sensing in pituitary gonadotropes. Here, we show, using a combination of in vivo and in vitro models, that linoleic differentially regulates Lhb and Fshb expression. Central exposure of rats to linoleic over 7 days was associated with increase of Lhb but not Fshb transcript levels. Consistently, exposure of rat pituitary cells or LβT2 cells to linoleic increased Lhb, whereas it dramatically decreased Fshb transcript levels without affecting its stability. This effect was also induced by ω9 and ω3-polyunsaturated FA but not by saturated palmitic acid. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms in LβT2 cells using small interfering RNA revealed that early growth response protein 1 mediates linoleic stimulation of Lhb expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that linoleic counteracts activin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulation of Fshb expression. Using Western blotting and Smad-responsive reporter gene assays, linoleic was shown to decrease basal Smad2/3 phosphorylation levels as well as activin- and bone morphogenetic protein-2-dependent activation of Smad, uncovering a new FA-sensitive signaling cascade. Finally, the protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A was shown to mediate linoleic inhibition of basal Smad phosphorylation and Fshb expression, identifying protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A as a new target of FA in gonadotropes. Altogether, this study provides a novel mechanism by which FAs target gene expression and underlines the relevant role of pituitary gonadotropes in mediating the effects of nutritional FA on reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Physiology of the Gonadotrope Axis (G.G., V.S., C.D., M.I., J.C.-T.), Nervous and Endocrine Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (C.R., C.M., S.M., C.C.-G.), and Molecular and Cellular Responses to Xenobiotics (J.D.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Equipe d'Accueil Conventionnée par le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 4413, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Orlando U, Cooke M, Cornejo Maciel F, Papadopoulos V, Podestá EJ, Maloberti P. Characterization of the mouse promoter region of the acyl-CoA synthetase 4 gene: role of Sp1 and CREB. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 369:15-26. [PMID: 23376217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (Acsl4) is involved in several cellular functions including steroidogenesis, synaptic development and cancer metastasis. Although the expression of Acsl4 seems to be regulated by tissue- and cell-specific factors as well as pituitary hormones and growth factors, the transcriptional mechanisms involved remain unknown. We demonstrated hCG and cAMP regulation of Acsl4 mRNA in mouse steroidogenic MA-10 Leydig cells. We characterized the transcription initiation site and promoter of the Acsl4 mouse gene and identified three alternative splice variants present in MA-10 cells. Sequence analysis of a 1.5-kb fragment of the Acsl4 promoter revealed the absence of a TATA box and the presence of many putative binding sites for transcription factors including Sp1 and CREB. Functional characterization revealed that the specificity protein/Krüppel-like factor Sp1 binding site in the proximal promoter is involved in basal activity and that the cAMP response element-binding site is involved in cAMP stimulation of Acsl4 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Orlando
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the phospholipase D isoforms trafficking and activity in mast cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9005-17. [PMID: 23698760 PMCID: PMC3676769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on phospholipase D (PLD) trafficking and activity in mast cells was investigated. The enrichment of mast cells with different PUFA including α-linolenic acid (LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA) or arachidonic acid (AA) revealed a PUFA-mediated modulation of the mastoparan-stimulated PLD trafficking and activity. All PUFA examined, except AA, prevented the migration of the PLD1 to the plasma membrane. For PLD2 no PUFA effects on trafficking could be observed. Moreover, PUFA supplementation resulted in an increase of mastoparan-stimulated total PLD activity, which correlated with the number of double bonds of the supplemented fatty acids. To investigate, which PLD isoform was affected by PUFA, stimulated mast cells were supplemented with DHA or AA in the presence of specific PLD-isoform inhibitors. It was found that both DHA and AA diminished the inhibition of PLD activity in the presence of a PLD1 inhibitor. By contrast, only AA diminished the inhibition of PLD activity in the presence of a PLD2 inhibitor. Thus, PUFA modulate the trafficking and activity of PLD isoforms in mast cells differently. This may, in part, account for the immunomodulatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids and contributes to our understanding of the modulation of mast cell activity by PUFA.
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Liao W, Tan G, Zhu Z, Chen Q, Lou Z, Dong X, Zhang W, Pan W, Chai Y. HIV-1 Tat induces biochemical changes in the serum of mice. Virology 2012; 422:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Garrel G, Simon V, Denoyelle C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Migrenne S, Counis R, Magnan C, Cohen-Tannoudji J. Unsaturated fatty acids stimulate LH secretion via novel PKCepsilon and -theta in gonadotrope cells and inhibit GnRH-induced LH release. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3905-16. [PMID: 21862612 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The activity of pituitary gonadotrope cells, crucial for reproductive function, is regulated by numerous factors including signals related to nutritional status. In this work, we demonstrated, for the first time, that in vivo central exposure of rats to lipids intracarotid infusion of a heparinized triglyceride emulsion selectively increases the expression of pituitary LH subunit genes without any alteration of pituitary GnRH receptor and hypothalamic GnRH or Kiss-1 transcript levels. Furthermore, we showed that unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), oleate and linoleate, increase LH release in a dose-dependent manner as well as LHβ mRNA levels in both immortalized LβT2 gonadotrope cell line and rat primary cell cultures. In contrast, the saturated palmitate was ineffective. ACTH or TSH secretion was unaffected by UFA treatment. We demonstrated in LβT2 cells that linoleate effect is mediated neither by activation of membrane fatty acid (FA) receptors GPR40 or GPR120 although we characterized these receptors in LβT2 cells, nor through nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Furthermore, linoleate β-oxidation is not required for its action on LH secretion. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) or ERK pathways significantly prevented linoleate-stimulated LH release. Accordingly, linoleate was shown to activate novel PKC isoforms, PKCε and -θ, as well as ERK1/2 in LβT2 cells. Lastly, unsaturated, but not saturated, FA inhibited GnRH-induced LH secretion in LβT2 cells as well as in pituitary cell cultures. Altogether, these results suggest that the pituitary is a relevant site of FA action and that UFA may influence reproduction by directly interfering with basal and GnRH-dependent gonadotrope activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Equipe d'accueil conventionnée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 4413, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Seeley EH, Schwamborn K, Caprioli RM. Imaging of intact tissue sections: moving beyond the microscope. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25459-66. [PMID: 21632549 PMCID: PMC3138310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.225854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI-imaging MS is a new molecular imaging technology for direct in situ analysis of thin tissue sections. Multiple analytes can be monitored simultaneously without prior knowledge of their identities and without the need for target-specific reagents such as antibodies. Imaging MS provides important insights into biological processes because the native distributions of molecules are minimally disturbed, and histological features remain intact throughout the analysis. A wide variety of molecules can be imaged, including proteins, peptides, lipids, drugs, and metabolites. Several specific examples are presented to highlight the utility of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin H. Seeley
- From the Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- From the Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- From the Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Askarova S, Yang X, Lee JCM. Impacts of membrane biophysics in Alzheimer's disease: from amyloid precursor protein processing to aβ Peptide-induced membrane changes. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:134971. [PMID: 21547213 PMCID: PMC3087431 DOI: 10.4061/2011/134971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence supports the notion that cytotoxic effects of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), are strongly associated with its ability to interact with membranes of neurons and other cerebral cells. Aβ is derived from amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (AβPP) by β- and γ-secretase. In the nonamyloidogenic pathway, AβPP is cleaved by α-secretases. These two pathways compete with each other, and enhancing the non-amyloidogenic pathway has been suggested as a potential pharmacological approach for the treatment of AD. Since AβPP, α-, β-, and γ-secretases are membrane-associated proteins, AβPP processing and Aβ production can be affected by the membrane composition and properties. There is evidence that membrane composition and properties, in turn, play a critical role in Aβ cytotoxicity associated with its conformational changes and aggregation into oligomers and fibrils. Understanding the mechanisms leading to changes in a membrane's biophysical properties and how they affect AβPP processing and Aβ toxicity should prove to provide new therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholpan Askarova
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Effects of fatty acid unsaturation numbers on membrane fluidity and α-secretase-dependent amyloid precursor protein processing. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:321-9. [PMID: 21184792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids may integrate into cell membranes to change physical properties of cell membranes, and subsequently alter cell functions in an unsaturation number-dependent manner. To address the roles of fatty acid unsaturation numbers in cellular pathways of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we systematically investigated the effects of fatty acids on cell membrane fluidity and α-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP(α)) secretion in relation to unsaturation numbers using stearic acid (SA, 18:0), oleic acid (OA, 18:1), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2), α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3), arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6). Treatments of differentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y cells) with AA, EPA and DHA for 24h increased sAPP(α) secretion and membrane fluidity, whereas those treatments with SA, OA, LA and ALA did not. Treatments with AA and DHA did not alter the total expressions of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and α-secretases in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggested that not all unsaturated fatty acids but only those with 4 or more double bonds, such as AA, EPA and DHA, are able to increase membrane fluidity and lead to increase in sAPP(α) secretion. This study provides insights into dietary strategies for the prevention of AD.
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Undieh AS. Pharmacology of signaling induced by dopamine D(1)-like receptor activation. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:37-60. [PMID: 20547182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D(1)-like receptors consisting of D(1) and D(5) subtypes are intimately implicated in dopaminergic regulation of fundamental neurophysiologic processes such as mood, motivation, cognitive function, and motor activity. Upon stimulation, D(1)-like receptors initiate signal transduction cascades that are mediated through adenylyl cyclase or phosphoinositide metabolism, with subsequent enhancement of multiple downstream kinase cascades. The latter actions propagate and further amplify the receptor signals, thus predisposing D(1)-like receptors to multifaceted interactions with various other mediators and receptor systems. The adenylyl cyclase response to dopamine or selective D(1)-like receptor agonists is reliably associated with the D(1) subtype, while emerging evidence indicates that the phosphoinositide responses in native brain tissues may be preferentially mediated through stimulation of the D(5) receptor. Besides classic coupling of each receptor subtype to specific G proteins, additional biophysical models are advanced in attempts to account for differential subcellular distribution, heteromolecular oligomerization, and activity-dependent selectivity of the receptors. It is expected that significant advances in understanding of dopamine neurobiology will emerge from current and anticipated studies directed at uncovering the molecular mechanisms of D(5) coupling to phosphoinositide signaling, the structural features that might enhance pharmacological selectivity for D(5) versus D(1) subtypes, the mechanism by which dopamine may modulate phosphoinositide synthesis, the contributions of the various responsive signal mediators to D(1) or D(5) interactions with D(2)-like receptors, and the spectrum of dopaminergic functions that may be attributed to each receptor subtype and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiwel S Undieh
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, 130 South 9th Street, Suite 1510, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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35
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Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:476279. [PMID: 20445742 PMCID: PMC2860140 DOI: 10.1155/2010/476279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and results from impaired insulin signaling and multiple post-receptor intracellular defects including impaired glucose transport, glucose phosphorylation, and reduced glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis. Insulin resistance is a core defect in type 2 diabetes, it is also associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have reported a mitochondrial defect in oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in variety of insulin resistant states. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular defects that contribute to the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Desbois AP, Smith VJ. Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1629-42. [PMID: 19956944 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. Whilst their antibacterial mode of action is still poorly understood, the prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. Their broad spectrum of activity, non-specific mode of action and safety makes them attractive as antibacterial agents for various applications in medicine, agriculture and food preservation, especially where the use of conventional antibiotics is undesirable or prohibited. Moreover, the evolution of inducible FFA-resistant phenotypes is less problematic than with conventional antibiotics. The potential for commercial or biomedical exploitation of antibacterial FFAs, especially for those from natural sources, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Desbois
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were seen as destructive molecules, but recently, they have been shown also to act as second messengers in varying intracellular signaling pathways. This review concentrates on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as it is a more stable ROS, and delineates its role as a survival molecule. In the first part, the production of H2O2 through the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family is investigated. Through careful examination of Nox proteins and their regulation, it is determined how they respond to stress and how this can be prosurvival rather than prodeath. The pathways on which H2O2 acts to enable its prosurvival function are then examined in greater detail. The main survival pathways are kinase driven, and oxidation of cysteines in the active sites of various phosphatases can thus regulate those survival pathways. Regulation of transcription factors such as p53, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 also are reviewed. Finally, prodeath proteins such as caspases could be directly inhibited through their cysteine residues. A better understanding of the prosurvival role of H2O2 in cells, from the why and how it is generated to the various molecules it can affect, will allow more precise targeting of therapeutics to this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Groeger
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
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Burnum KE, Cornett DS, Puolitaival SM, Milne SB, Myers DS, Tranguch S, Brown HA, Dey SK, Caprioli RM. Spatial and temporal alterations of phospholipids determined by mass spectrometry during mouse embryo implantation. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:2290-8. [PMID: 19429885 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m900100-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular events involved in successful embryo implantation are not well understood. In this study, we used MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of phospholipid species associated with mouse embryo implantation. Molecular images showing phospholipid distribution within implantation sites changed markedly between distinct cellular areas during days 4-8 of pregnancy. For example, by day 8, linoleate- and docosahexaenoate-containing phospholipids localized to regions destined to undergo cell death, whereas oleate-containing phospholipids localized to angiogenic regions. Arachidonate-containing phospholipids showed different segregation patterns depending on the lipid class, revealing a strong correlation of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols with cytosolic phospholipase A(2alpha) and cyclooxygenase-2 during embryo implantation. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to validate MALDI IMS phospholipid distribution patterns. Overall, molecular images revealed the dynamic complexity of lipid distributions in early pregnancy, signifying the importance of complex interplay of lipid molecules in uterine biology and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Burnum
- Departments of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Kolias AG, Sen J, Belli A. Pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: putative mechanisms and novel approaches. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1-11. [PMID: 18709660 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm is a potentially incapacitating or lethal complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The development of effective preventative and therapeutic interventions has been largely hindered by the fact that the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm remain poorly understood. However, intensive research during the last 3 decades has identified certain mechanisms that possibly play a role in its development. Experimental data suggest that calcium-dependent and -independent vasoconstriction is taking place during vasospasm. It appears that the breakdown products of blood in the subarachnoid space are involved, through direct and/or indirect pathways, in the development of vasospasm after SAH. Free radicals reactions, an imbalance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator substances (endothelium derived substances, e.g., nitric oxide, endothelin; arachidonic acid metabolites, e.g., prostaglandins, prostacyclin), inflammatory processes, an upheaval of neuronal mechanisms that regulate vascular tone, endothelial proliferation, and apoptosis have all been put forward as causative and/or pathogenic factors. Translational research in the field of vasospasm has traditionally aimed to identify agents/interventions in order to block the cascades initiated after SAH. The combination of novel approaches such as cerebral microdialysis, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proteomics, and lipidomics could serve a dual purpose: elucidating the complex pathobiochemistry of vasospasm and providing clinicians with tools for early detection of this feared complication. The purpose of this Mini-Review is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm and of novel approaches used in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos G Kolias
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Protein kinase C-Fyn kinase cascade mediates the oleic acid-induced disassembly of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte adherens junctions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1536-46. [PMID: 19166962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) affects assembly of gap junctions in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Adherens junction (AJ) regulates the stability of gap junction integrity; however, the effect of OA on AJ remains largely unexplored. The distribution of N-cadherin and catenins at cell-cell junction was decreased by OA. OA induced activation of protein kinase C(PKC)-alpha and -epsilon and Src family kinase, and all three kinases were involved in the oleic acid-induced disassembly of the adherens junction, since it was blocked by pretreatment with Gö6976 (a PKCalpha inhibitor), epsilonV1-2 (a PKCepsilon inhibitor), or PP2 (a Src family kinase inhibitor). Src family kinase appeared to be the downstream of PKC-alpha and -epsilon, as blockade of either PKC-alpha or -epsilon activity prevented the OA-induced activation of Src family kinase. Immunoprecipitation analyses showed that OA activated Fyn and Fer. OA promoted the association of p120 catenin/beta-catenin with Fyn and Fer and caused increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin and beta-catenin, resulting in decreased binding of the former to N-cadherin and of the latter to alpha-catenin. Pretreatment with PP2 abrogated this OA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin and beta-catenin and restored the association of N-cadherin with p120 catenin and that of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin. In conclusion, these results show that OA activates the PKC-Fyn signaling pathway, leading to the disassembly of the AJ. Therefore, inhibitors of PKC-alpha/-epsilon and Src family kinase are potential candidates as cardioprotection agents against OA-induced heart injury during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces ABCA1 serine phosphorylation and impairs ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux through cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Atherosclerosis 2008; 204:e35-43. [PMID: 19070858 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABCA1 is a key mediator of cholesterol efflux to apoA-I in cholesterol loaded macrophages, a first step of RCT in vivo. Unsaturated fatty acids can inhibit cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing degradation of ABCA1. However, the detailed mechanisms of ABCA1 regulation by unsaturated fatty acids are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EPA on ABCA1 expression and ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and examined the role of cAMP/PKA pathway on the regulation of ABCA1 by EPA in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Results showed that EPA significantly destabilized ABCA1 protein and reduced ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but had no effect on ABCA1 mRNA expression. We also revealed that EPA markedly reduced cAMP level and PKA activity and ABCA1 serine phosphorylation. PKA-specific activation by PKA agonist markedly compensated the down-regulation of ABCA1 serine phosphorylation and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux by EPA, while, siRNA of PKA leaded to reduce of ABCA1 serine phosphorylation and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux more significantly than EPA. However, EPA-Induced enhancement of degradation rate of ABCA1 protein did not change by treatment with PKA agonist or PKA-siRNA. These results provide evidence that EPA may have dual negative effects on ABCA1 activity by decreasing ABCA1 protein level and by reducing PKA-mediated ABCA1 serine phosphorylation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
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Castilla R, Gadaleta M, Castillo AF, Duarte A, Neuman I, Paz C, Cornejo Maciel F, Podestá EJ. New enzymes involved in the mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor in a clonal strain of Leydig tumor cells. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3743-52. [PMID: 18388199 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The studies presented herein were designed to investigate the effect of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) on arachidonic acid (AA) release in a clonal strain of cultured murine Leydig cells (designed MA-10). In MA-10 cells, mEGF promotes AA release and metabolism to lipoxygenated products to induce the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. However, the mechanism by which mEGF releases AA in these cells is not totally elucidated. We show that mEGF produces an increment in the mitochondrial AA content in a short-term incubation (30 min). This AA is released by the action of a mitochondrial acyl-CoA thioesterase (Acot2), as demonstrated in experiments in which Acot2 was down or overexpressed. This AA in turn regulates the StAR protein expression, indirect evidence of its metabolism to lipoxygenated products. We also show that mEGF induces the expression (mRNA and protein) of Acot2 and an acyl-CoA synthetase that provides the substrate, arachidonyl-CoA, to Acot2. This effect is also observed in another steroidogenic cell line, the adrenocortical Y1 cells. Taken together, our results show that: 1) mEGF can induce the generation of AA in a specific compartment of the cells, i.e. the mitochondria; 2) mEGF can up-regulate acyl-CoA synthetase and Acot2 mRNA and protein levels; and 3) mEGF-stimulated intramitochondrial AA release leads to StAR protein induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Castilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Moleculares de Enfermedades Hormonales, Neurodegenerativas y Oncológicas, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 5th, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Derecka K, Sheldrick EL, Wathes DC, Abayasekara DRE, Flint APF. A PPAR-independent pathway to PUFA-induced COX-2 expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 287:65-71. [PMID: 18395968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) induce COX-2 in bovine endometrial stromal cells through activation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). We have investigated alternative (PPAR-independent) pathways to COX-2 induction using a reporter construct driven by a COX-2 gene promoter sequence lacking a PPAR response element. This construct was induced by PUFAs, but not by PPAR agonists. PPAR-independent reporter gene expression occurred 6h after PPAR-dependent induction of the endogenous COX-2 gene. In contrast to PPAR-dependent COX-2 induction, which is not affected by NF-kappaB inhibitors, the PPAR-independent pathway was blocked by the NF-kappaB inhibitor MG132 or following deletion of NF-kappaB sites in the COX-2 promoter. The PPAR-independent effect of PUFA was mimicked by the PKC activators 4beta-PMA and prostaglandin F(2alpha), but was not blocked by the PKC inhibitor RO318425. The results demonstrate a pathway to the induction of COX-2 by PUFAs requiring NF-kappaB but not PPAR or PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Derecka
- Division of Animal Physiology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK
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Puolitaival SM, Burnum KE, Cornett DS, Caprioli RM. Solvent-free matrix dry-coating for MALDI imaging of phospholipids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:882-6. [PMID: 18378160 PMCID: PMC2696184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A fast and simple, solvent-free matrix deposition protocol was developed for positive ionization mode phospholipid analysis in tissues. Finely ground 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was deposited onto sagittal mouse brain sections using a dry-coating technique, in which solid matrix particles were filtered directly onto the tissue through a 20-microm stainless steel sieve. Phospholipid signals were obtained directly off these sections, allowing acquisition of high-resolution MS images. These images were compared to those from serial sections that were spray-coated with a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) reagent sprayer. Signals obtained from the dry matrix deposition method were comparable to those from spray-coated sections, producing identical localization patterns with a simpler and faster sample preparation with virtually no analyte delocalization. This approach was found to yield highly reproducible results, eliminating much of the variance caused by operator differences, and making it an attractive alternative to the currently used matrix application methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu M. Puolitaival
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, MRB 3 465 21 Ave S, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Kristin E. Burnum
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, MRB 3 465 21 Ave S, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - D. Shannon Cornett
- Medical Center Mass Spectrometry Research Center, MRB 3 465 21 Ave S, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, MRB 3 465 21 Ave S, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, MRB 3 465 21 Ave S, Nashville, TN 37235
- Medical Center Mass Spectrometry Research Center, MRB 3 465 21 Ave S, Nashville, TN 37235
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Aydin C, Yalcin M. Peripheral mechanisms involved in the pressor and bradycardic effects of centrally administered arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:361-8. [PMID: 18571395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to determine the cardiovascular effects of arachidonic acid and peripheral mechanisms mediated these effects in normotensive conscious rats. Studies were performed in male Sprague Dawley rats. Arachidonic acid was injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at the doses of 75, 150 or 300 microg and it caused dose- and time-dependent increase in mean arterial pressure and decrease in heart rate in normal conditions. Maximal effects were observed 10 min after 150 and 300 microg dose of arachidonic acid and lasted within 30 min. In order to evaluate the role of main peripheral hormonal mechanisms in those cardiovascular effects, plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin levels and renin activity were measured after arachidonic acid (150 microg; i.c.v.) injection. Centrally injected arachidonic acid increased plasma levels of all these hormones and renin activity. Intravenous pretreatments with prazosin (0.5 mg/kg), an alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist, [beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl1, O-Me-Tyr2-Arg8]-vasopressin (10 microg/kg), a vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist, or saralasin (250 microg/kg), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, partially blocked the pressor response to arachidonic acid (150 microg; i.c.v.) while combined administration of these three antagonists completely abolished the effect. Moreover, both individual and combined antagonist pretreatments fully blocked the bradycardic effect of arachidonic acid. In conclusion, our findings show that centrally administered arachidonic acid increases mean arterial pressure and decreases heart rate in normotensive conscious rats and the increases in plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin levels and renin activity appear to mediate the cardiovascular effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Aydin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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Cheng Z, Sheldrick EL, Marshall E, Wathes DC, Abayasekara DRE, Flint APF. Control of cyclic AMP concentration in bovine endometrial stromal cells by arachidonic acid. Reproduction 2007; 133:1017-26. [PMID: 17616730 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Second messenger signalling through cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays an important role in the response of the endometrium to prostaglandin (PG) E(2) during early pregnancy. Arachidonic acid, which is a by-product of the luteolytic cascade in ruminants, is a potential paracrine signal from the epithelium to the stroma. We investigated the effects of arachidonic acid on the response of the stroma to PGE(2). cAMP was measured in bovine endometrial stromal cells treated with agents known to activate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase C (PKC) or phosphodiesterase (PDE). PGE(2) increased the intracellular cAMP concentration within 10 min, and this effect was attenuated by arachidonic acid and the PKC activator, 4beta-phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on PGE(2)-induced cAMP accumulation was prevented by the PKC inhibitor, RO318425, and was absent in cells in which PKC had been downregulated by exposure to PMA for 24 h. The effect of arachidonic acid was also prevented by the PDE inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Arachidonic acid was shown by immunoblotting to prevent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by PGE(2), forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP. The results indicate that arachidonic acid activates PDE through a mechanism involving PKC, counteracting a rise in intracellular cAMP in response to PGE(2). The data suggest that arachidonic acid antagonizes PGE(2) signalling through cAMP in the bovine endometrium, possibly acting to ensure a rapid return to oestrus in the case of failure of the maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cheng
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
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Johnson J, Goulding R, Ding Z, Partovi A, Anthony K, Beaulieu N, Tazmini G, Cornell R, Kay R. Differential membrane binding and diacylglycerol recognition by C1 domains of RasGRPs. Biochem J 2007; 406:223-36. [PMID: 17523924 PMCID: PMC1948961 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RasGRPs (guanine-nucleotide-releasing proteins) are exchange factors for membrane-bound GTPases. All RasGRP family members contain C1 domains which, in other proteins, bind DAG (diacylglycerol) and thus mediate the proximal signal-transduction events induced by this lipid second messenger. The presence of C1 domains suggests that all RasGRPs could be regulated by membrane translocation driven by C1-DAG interactions. This has been demonstrated for RasGRP1 and RasGRP3, but has not been tested directly for RasGRP2, RasGRP4alpha and RasGRP4beta. Sequence alignments indicate that all RasGRP C1 domains have the potential to bind DAG. In cells, the isolated C1 domains of RasGRP1, RasGRP3 and RasGRP4alpha co-localize with membranes and relocalize in response to DAG, whereas the C1 domains of RasGRP2 and RasGRP4beta do not. Only the C1 domains of RasGRP1, RasGRP3 and RasGRP4alpha recognize DAG as a ligand within phospholipid vesicles and do so with differential affinities. Other lipid second messengers were screened as ligands for RasGRP C1 domains, but none was found to serve as an alternative to DAG. All of the RasGRP C1 domains bound to vesicles which contained a high concentration of anionic phospholipids, indicating that this could provide a DAG-independent mechanism for membrane binding by C1 domains. This concept was supported by demonstrating that the C1 domain of RasGRP2 could functionally replace the membrane-binding role of the C1 domain within RasGRP1, despite the inability of the RasGRP2 C1 domain to bind DAG. The RasGRP4beta C1 domain was non-functional when inserted into either RasGRP1 or RasGRP4, implying that the alternative splicing which produces this C1 domain eliminates its contribution to membrane binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Johnson
- *Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Rebecca E. Goulding
- †Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1L3
| | - Ziwei Ding
- *Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Amir Partovi
- *Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Kira V. Anthony
- †Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1L3
| | - Nadine Beaulieu
- †Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1L3
| | - Ghazaleh Tazmini
- †Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1L3
| | - Rosemary B. Cornell
- *Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
| | - Robert J. Kay
- †Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1L3
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
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Sheldrick E, Derecka K, Marshall E, Chin E, Hodges L, Wathes D, Abayasekara D, Flint A. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors and the control of levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 by arachidonic acid in the bovine uterus. Biochem J 2007; 406:175-83. [PMID: 17516915 PMCID: PMC1948980 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is a potential paracrine agent released by the uterine endometrial epithelium to induce PTGS2 [PG (prostaglandin)-endoperoxide synthase 2] in the stroma. In the present study, bovine endometrial stromal cells were used to determine whether PTGS2 is induced by arachidonic acid in stromal cells, and to investigate the potential role of PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) in this effect. Arachidonic acid increased PTGS2 levels up to 7.5-fold within 6 h. The cells expressed PPARalpha and PPARdelta (also known as PPARbeta) (but not PPARgamma). PTGS2 protein level was increased by PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, synthetic PPAR ligands, PGA1 and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) with a time course resembling that of arachidonic acid. Use of agonists and antagonists indicated PPARalpha (but not PPARdelta or PPARgamma) was responsible for PTGS2 induction. PTGS2 induction by arachidonic acid did not require PG synthesis. PTGS2 levels were increased by the PKC (protein kinase C) activators 4beta-PMA and PGF(2alpha), and the effects of arachidonic acid, NSAIDs, synthetic PPAR ligands and 4beta-PMA were blocked by PKC inhibitors. This is consistent with PPAR phosphorylation by PKC. Induction of PTGS2 protein by 4beta-PMA in the absence of a PPAR ligand was decreased by the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) inhibitors MG132 and parthenolide, suggesting that PKC acted through NF-kappaB in addition to PPAR phosphorylation. Use of NF-kappaB inhibitors allowed the action of arachidonic acid as a PPAR agonist to be dissociated from an effect through PKC. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that arachidonic acid acts via PPARalpha to increase PTGS2 levels in bovine endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Linda R. Sheldrick
- *Division of Animal Physiology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, U.K
| | - Kamila Derecka
- *Division of Animal Physiology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, U.K
| | - Elaine Marshall
- *Division of Animal Physiology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, U.K
| | - Evonne C. Chin
- †Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, U.K
| | - Louise Hodges
- †Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, U.K
| | - D. Claire Wathes
- †Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, U.K
| | - D. Robert E. Abayasekara
- †Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, U.K
| | - Anthony P. F. Flint
- *Division of Animal Physiology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Geppert J, Demmelmair H, Hornstra G, Koletzko B. Co-supplementation of healthy women with fish oil and evening primrose oil increases plasma docosahexaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid levels without reducing arachidonic acid concentrations. Br J Nutr 2007; 99:360-9. [PMID: 17678567 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507801577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy not only improves maternal and neonatal DHA status, but often reduces gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-GLA (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels also, which may compromise foetal and infant development. The present study investigated the effects of a fish oil/evening primrose oil (FSO/EPO) blend (456 mg DHA/d and 353 mg GLA/d) compared to a placebo (mixture of habitual dietary fatty acids) on the plasma fatty acid (FA) composition in two groups of twenty non-pregnant women using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design. FA were quantified in plasma total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and TAG at weeks 0, 4, 6 and 8. After 8 weeks of intervention, percentage changes from baseline values of plasma total lipid FA were significantly different between FSO/EPO and placebo for GLA (+49.9 % v. +2.1 %, means), DGLA (+13.8 % v. +0.7 %) and DHA (+59.6 % v. +5.5 %), while there was no significant difference for ARA ( - 2.2 % v. - 5.9 %). FA changes were largely comparable between plasma lipid fractions. In both groups three subjects reported mild adverse effects. As compared with placebo, FSO/EPO supplementation did not result in any physiologically relevant changes of safety parameters (blood cell count, liver enzymes). In women of childbearing age the tested FSO/EPO blend was well tolerated and appears safe. It increases plasma GLA, DGLA, and DHA levels without impairing ARA status. These data provide a basis for testing this FSO/EPO blend in pregnant women for its effects on maternal and neonatal FA status and infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Geppert
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany
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50
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Mourente G, Good JE, Thompson KD, Bell JG. Effects of partial substitution of dietary fish oil with blends of vegetable oils, on blood leucocyte fatty acid compositions, immune function and histology in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Br J Nutr 2007; 98:770-9. [PMID: 17466094 DOI: 10.1017/s000711450773461x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Within a decade or so insufficient fish oil (FO) will be available to meet the requirements for aquaculture growth. Consequently, alternative sources are being investigated to reduce reliance on wild fish as a source of FO. Vegetable oils (VO) are a feasible alternative to FO. However, it is important to establish that alternative dietary lipids are not only supplied in the correct quantities and balance for optimal growth, but can maintain immune function and prevent infection, since it is known that the nutritional state of the fish can influence their immune function and disease resistance. A way of maintaining immune function, while replacing dietary FO, is by using a blend of VO rather than a single oil. In this study, juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed diets with a 60 % substitution of FO with a blend of rapeseed, linseed and palm oils. Two oil blends were used to achieve a fatty acid composition similar to FO, in terms of energy content, and provide a similar balance of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Fish were fed the diets for 64 weeks, after which time growth and fatty acid compositions of liver and blood leucocytes were monitored. The impact of the dietary blends on selected innate immune responses and histopathology were also assessed, together with levels of plasma prostaglandin E2. The results suggest that potential exists for replacing FO with a VO blend in farmed sea bass feeds without compromising growth, non-specific immune function or histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mourente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz), Spain
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