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Holwerda AM, Dirks ML, Barbeau P, Goessens J, Gijsen A, van Loon LJ, Holloway GP. Mitochondrial bioenergetics are not associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1811-1822. [PMID: 39007407 PMCID: PMC11446679 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria represent key organelles influencing cellular homeostasis and have been implicated in the signalling events regulating protein synthesis. METHODS We examined whether mitochondrial bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) emission, ROS) measured in vitro in permeabilized muscle fibres represent regulatory factors for integrated daily muscle protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle mass changes across the spectrum of physical activity, including free-living and bed-rest conditions: n = 19 healthy, young men (26 ± 4 years, 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and following 12 weeks of resistance-type exercise training: n = 10 healthy older men (70 ± 3 years, 25.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2). Additionally, we evaluated the direct relationship between attenuated mitochondrial ROS emission and integrated daily myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates in genetically modified mice (mitochondrial-targeted catalase, MCAT). RESULTS Neither oxidative phosphorylation nor H2O2 emission were associated with muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young men under free-living conditions or following 1 week of bed rest (both P > 0.05). Greater increases in GSSG concentration were associated with greater skeletal muscle mass loss following bed rest (r = -0.49, P < 0.05). In older men, only submaximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (corrected for mitochondrial content) was positively associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during exercise training (r = 0.72, P < 0.05). However, changes in oxidative phosphorylation and H2O2 emission were not associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass following training (both P > 0.05). Additionally, MCAT mice displayed no differences in myofibrillar (2.62 ± 0.22 vs. 2.75 ± 0.15%/day) and sarcoplasmic (3.68 ± 0.35 vs. 3.54 ± 0.35%/day) protein synthesis rates when compared with wild-type mice (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen emission do not seem to represent key factors regulating muscle protein synthesis or muscle mass regulation across the spectrum of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Holwerda
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Marlou L. Dirks
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Pierre‐Andre Barbeau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Joy Goessens
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Annemie Gijsen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Luc J.C. van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Graham P. Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
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2
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Craige SM, Mammel RK, Amiri N, Willoughby OS, Drake JC. Interplay of ROS, mitochondrial quality, and exercise in aging: Potential role of spatially discrete signaling. Redox Biol 2024; 77:103371. [PMID: 39357424 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, USA.
| | - Rebecca K Mammel
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, USA
| | - Niloufar Amiri
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, USA
| | - Orion S Willoughby
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, USA
| | - Joshua C Drake
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, USA.
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3
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Yoon JH, Kim YH, Jeong EY, Lee YH, Byun Y, Shin SS, Park JT. Senescence Rejuvenation through Reduction in Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Polygonum cuspidatum Extract: In Vitro Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1110. [PMID: 39334769 PMCID: PMC11429016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major causes of senescence. Strategies to reduce ROS are known to be important factors in reversing senescence, but effective strategies have not been found. In this study, we screened substances commonly used as cosmetic additives to find substances with antioxidant effects. Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) extract significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells. A novel mechanism was discovered in which P. cuspidatum extract reduced ROS, a byproduct of inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), by increasing OXPHOS efficiency. The reduction in ROS by P. cuspidatum extract restored senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced skin protection. Then, we identified polydatin as the active ingredient of P. cuspidatum extract that exhibited antioxidant effects. Polydatin, which contains stilbenoid polyphenols that act as singlet oxygen scavengers through redox reactions, increased OXPHOS efficiency and subsequently restored senescence-associated phenotypes. In summary, our data confirmed the effects of P. cuspidatum extract on senescence rejuvenation and skin protection through ROS reduction. This novel finding may be used as a treatment in senescence rejuvenation in clinical and cosmetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hee Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (Y.H.L.)
| | - Ye Hyang Kim
- Hyundai Bioland Co., Ltd., 22, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28162, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Eun Young Jeong
- Hyundai Bioland Co., Ltd., 22, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28162, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (Y.H.L.)
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Song Seok Shin
- Hyundai Bioland Co., Ltd., 22, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28162, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (Y.H.L.)
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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4
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Broome SC, Whitfield J, Karagounis LG, Hawley JA. Mitochondria as Nutritional Targets to Maintain Muscle Health and Physical Function During Ageing. Sports Med 2024; 54:2291-2309. [PMID: 39060742 PMCID: PMC11393155 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function leads to a loss of independence and an increased reliance on health-care. Mitochondria are crucial in the aetiology of sarcopenia and have been identified as key targets for interventions that can attenuate declines in physical capacity. Exercise training is a primary intervention that reduces many of the deleterious effects of ageing in skeletal muscle quality and function. However, habitual levels of physical activity decline with age, making it necessary to implement adjunct treatments to maintain skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and physical function. This review provides an overview of the effects of ageing and exercise training on human skeletal muscle mitochondria and considers several supplements that have plausible mechanistic underpinning to improve physical function in ageing through their interactions with mitochondria. Several supplements, including MitoQ, urolithin A, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs), and a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) can improve physical function in older individuals through a variety of inter-dependent mechanisms including increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and energetics, decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission and oxidative damage, and improvements in mitochondrial quality control. While there is evidence that some nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors can improve physical function in older individuals, such an outcome seems unrelated to and independent of changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Future research should investigate the safety and efficacy of compounds that can improve skeletal muscle health in preclinical models through mechanisms involving mitochondria, such as mitochondrial-derived peptides and mitochondrial uncouplers, with a view to extending the human health-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Broome
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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5
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Attachaipanich T, Sriwichaiin S, Apaijai N, Kerdphoo S, Thongmung N, Vathesatogkit P, Sritara P, Chattipakorn N, Kitiyakara C, Chattipakorn SC. An Increase in Vascular Stiffness Is Positively Associated With Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Impairment of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in the Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae095. [PMID: 38567632 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a noninvasive parameter reflecting vascular stiffness. CAVI correlates with the burden of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. Mitochondria of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as a noninvasive source for assessing systemic mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CAVI values and mitochondrial bioenergetics of PBMCs in the older adults.. This cross-sectional study enrolled participants from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand between 2017 and 2018. A total of 1 640 participants with an ankle-brachial index greater than 0.9 were included in this study. All participants were stratified into 3 groups based on their CAVI values as high (CAVI ≥ 9), moderate (9 > CAVI ≥ 8), and low (CAVI < 8), in which each group comprised 702, 507, and 431 participants, respectively. The extracellular flux analyzer was used to measure mitochondrial respiration of isolated PBMCs. The mean age of the participants was 67.9 years, and 69.6% of them were male. After adjusted with potential confounders including age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and creatinine clearance, participants with high CAVI values were independently associated with impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, including decreased basal respiration, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity, as well as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. This study demonstrated that CAVI measurement reflects the underlying impairment of cellular mitochondrial bioenergetics in PBMCs. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to establish both a causal relationship between CAVI measurement and underlying cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Attachaipanich
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Sriwichaiin
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nisakron Thongmung
- Office of Research Academic and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prin Vathesatogkit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok
| | - Chagriya Kitiyakara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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6
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Ehinger JK, Westerlund E, Frostner EÅ, Karlsson M, Paul G, Sjövall F, Elmér E. Mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells across the human lifespan. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38326348 PMCID: PMC10850142 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a hallmark of aging. Up to now, a gradual decline of mitochondrial respiration with advancing age has mainly been demonstrated in human muscle tissue. A handful of studies have examined age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in human blood cells, and only with small sample sizes and mainly in platelets. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets from 308 individuals across the human lifespan (0-86 years). In regression analyses, with adjustment for false discovery rate (FDR), we found age-related changes in respiratory measurements to be either small or absent. The main significant changes were an age-related relative decline in complex I-linked respiration and a corresponding rise of complex II-linked respiration in PBMCs. These results add to the understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and to its possible role in immune cell and platelet senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K Ehinger
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emil Westerlund
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Emergency Department, Kungälv Hospital, Kungälv, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive- and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Parova H, Stverakova T, Vosmik M, Hruska L, Fiala Z, Borska L. Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging-The Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15468. [PMID: 37895144 PMCID: PMC10607657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes) and non-genomic changes are referred to as hallmarks of aging. The hallmarks of aging and cancer are intertwined. Many studies have focused on genomic hallmarks, but non-genomic hallmarks are also important and may additionally cause genomic damage and increase the expression of genomic hallmarks. Understanding the non-genomic hallmarks of aging and cancer, and how they are intertwined, may lead to the development of approaches that could influence these hallmarks and thus function not only to slow aging but also to prevent cancer. In this review, we focus on non-genomic changes. We discuss cell senescence, disruption of proteostasis, deregualation of nutrient sensing, dysregulation of immune system function, intercellular communication, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Helena Parova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Tereza Stverakova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Milan Vosmik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Libor Hruska
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
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8
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Mau T, Lui LY, Distefano G, Kramer PA, Ramos SV, Toledo FGS, Santanasto AJ, Shankland EG, Marcinek DJ, Jurczak MJ, Sipula I, Bello FM, Duchowny KA, Molina AJA, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH, Hepple RT, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cawthon PM, Cummings SR, Coen PM. Mitochondrial Energetics in Skeletal Muscle Are Associated With Leg Power and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1367-1375. [PMID: 36462195 PMCID: PMC10395564 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial energetics are an important property of aging muscle, as generation of energy is pivotal to the execution of muscle contraction. However, its association with functional outcomes, including leg power and cardiorespiratory fitness, is largely understudied. METHODS In the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging, we collected vastus lateralis biopsies from older adults (n = 879, 70-94 years, 59.2% women). Maximal State 3 respiration (Max OXPHOS) was assessed in permeabilized fiber bundles by high-resolution respirometry. Capacity for maximal adenosine triphosphate production (ATPmax) was measured in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Leg extension power was measured with a Keiser press system, and VO2 peak was determined using a standardized cardiopulmonary exercise test. Gender-stratified multivariate linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, technician/site, adiposity, and physical activity with beta coefficients expressed per 1-SD increment in the independent variable. RESULTS Max OXPHOS was associated with leg power for both women (β = 0.12 Watts/kg, p < .001) and men (β = 0.11 Watts/kg, p < .050). ATPmax was associated with leg power for men (β = 0.09 Watts/kg, p < .05) but was not significant for women (β = 0.03 Watts/kg, p = .11). Max OXPHOS and ATPmax were associated with VO2 peak in women and men (Max OXPHOS, β women = 1.03 mL/kg/min, β men = 1.32 mL/kg/min; ATPmax β women = 0.87 mL/kg/min, β men = 1.50 mL/kg/min; all p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Higher muscle mitochondrial energetics measures were associated with both better cardiorespiratory fitness and greater leg power in older adults. Muscle mitochondrial energetics explained a greater degree of variance in VO2 peak compared to leg power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Philip A Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric G Shankland
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Sipula
- Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fiona M Bello
- Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kate A Duchowny
- Social Environment and Health, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
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9
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Ispoglou T, Wilson O, McCullough D, Aldrich L, Ferentinos P, Lyall G, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Duckworth L, Brown MA, Sutton L, Potts AJ, Archbold V, Hargreaves J, McKenna J. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:892. [PMID: 37508325 PMCID: PMC10376679 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases (MDs), along with their association with sarcopenia. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions to address sarcopenia in patients with these conditions are suggested. The significance of combined training in managing metabolic disease and secondary sarcopenia in type II diabetes mellitus is emphasized. Additionally, the potential benefits of resistance and aerobic training are explored. This review emphasises the role of nutrition in addressing sarcopenia in patients with CVD or MDs, focusing on strategies such as optimising protein intake, promoting plant-based protein sources, incorporating antioxidant-rich foods and omega-3 fatty acids and ensuring sufficient vitamin D levels. Moreover, the potential benefits of targeting gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotic fibres in sarcopenic individuals are considered. Multidisciplinary approaches that integrate behavioural science are explored to enhance the uptake and sustainability of behaviour-based sarcopenia interventions. Future research should prioritise high-quality randomized controlled trials to refine exercise and nutritional interventions and investigate the incorporation of behavioural science into routine practices. Ultimately, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is essential to improve health outcomes, well-being and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia and coexisting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke Aldrich
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Gemma Lyall
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Lauren Duckworth
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Louise Sutton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra J Potts
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Victoria Archbold
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jackie Hargreaves
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
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10
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Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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11
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Lee YH, Kuk MU, So MK, Song ES, Lee H, Ahn SK, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress as a Strategy to Treat Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040934. [PMID: 37107309 PMCID: PMC10136354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the organelles undergoing rapid alteration during the senescence process. Senescent cells show an increase in mitochondrial size, which is attributed to the accumulation of defective mitochondria, which causes mitochondrial oxidative stress. Defective mitochondria are also targets of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the vicious cycle between defective mitochondria and mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the onset and development of aging and age-related diseases. Based on the findings, strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress have been suggested for the effective treatment of aging and age-related diseases. In this article, we discuss mitochondrial alterations and the consequent increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Then, the causal role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on aging is investigated by examining how aging and age-related diseases are exacerbated by induced stress. Furthermore, we assess the importance of targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress for the regulation of aging and suggest different therapeutic strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, this review will not only shed light on a new perspective on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging but also provide effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyoung So
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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12
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Noakes TD, Prins PJ, Volek JS, D’Agostino DP, Koutnik AP. Low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic diets on the exercise crossover point and glucose homeostasis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150265. [PMID: 37057184 PMCID: PMC10086139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In exercise science, the crossover effect denotes that fat oxidation is the primary fuel at rest and during low-intensity exercise with a shift towards an increased reliance on carbohydrate oxidation at moderate to high exercise intensities. This model makes four predictions: First, >50% of energy comes from carbohydrate oxidation at ≥60% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), termed the crossover point. Second, each individual has a maximum fat oxidation capacity (FATMAX) at an exercise intensity lower than the crossover point. FATMAX values are typically 0.3-0.6 g/min. Third, fat oxidation is minimized during exercise ≥85%VO2max, making carbohydrates the predominant energetic substrate during high-intensity exercise, especially at >85%VO2max. Fourth, high-carbohydrate low-fat (HCLF) diets will produce superior exercise performances via maximizing pre-exercise storage of this predominant exercise substrate. In a series of recent publications evaluating the metabolic and performance effects of low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF/ketogenic) diet adaptations during exercise of different intensities, we provide findings that challenge this model and these four predictions. First, we show that adaptation to the LCHF diet shifts the crossover point to a higher %VO2max (>80%VO2max) than previously reported. Second, substantially higher FATMAX values (>1.5 g/min) can be measured in athletes adapted to the LCHF diet. Third, endurance athletes exercising at >85%VO2max, whilst performing 6 × 800 m running intervals, measured the highest rates of fat oxidation yet reported in humans. Peak fat oxidation rates measured at 86.4 ± 6.2%VO2max were 1.58 ± 0.33 g/min with 30% of subjects achieving >1.85 g/min. These studies challenge the prevailing doctrine that carbohydrates are the predominant oxidized fuel during high-intensity exercise. We recently found that 30% of middle-aged competitive athletes presented with pre-diabetic glycemic values while on an HCLF diet, which was reversed on LCHF. We speculate that these rapid changes between diet, insulin, glucose homeostasis, and fat oxidation might be linked by diet-induced changes in mitochondrial function and insulin action. Together, we demonstrate evidence that challenges the current crossover concept and demonstrate evidence that a LCHF diet may also reverse features of pre-diabetes and future metabolic disease risk, demonstrating the impact of dietary choice has extended beyond physical performance even in athletic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Noakes
- Department of Medical and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P. J. Prins
- Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, United States
| | - J. S. Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - D. P. D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Human Healthspan, Resilience and Performance, Institute of Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - A. P. Koutnik
- Human Healthspan, Resilience and Performance, Institute of Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
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13
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Kuk MU, Lee H, Song ES, Lee YH, Park JY, Jeong S, Kwon HW, Byun Y, Park SC, Park JT. Functional restoration of lysosomes and mitochondria through modulation of AKT activity ameliorates senescence. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112091. [PMID: 36657533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a phenomenon defined by alterations in cellular organelles and is the primary cause of aging and aging-related diseases. Recent studies have shown that oncogene-induced senescence is driven by activation of serine/threonine protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3). In this study, we evaluated twelve AKT inhibitors and revealed GDC0068 as a potential agent to ameliorate senescence. Senescence-ameliorating effect was evident from the finding that GDC0068 yielded lysosomal functional recovery as observed by reduction in lysosomal mass and induction in autophagic flux. Furthermore, GDC0068-mediated restoration of lysosomal function activated the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in restoration of mitochondrial function. Together, our findings revealed a unique mechanism by which senescence is recovered by functional restoration of lysosomes and mitochondria through modulation of AKT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Signorile A, De Rasmo D. Mitochondrial Complex I, a Possible Sensible Site of cAMP Pathway in Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020221. [PMID: 36829783 PMCID: PMC9951957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals during aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, cause oxidative damage of macromolecules leading to respiratory chain dysfunction, which in turn increases ROS mitochondrial production. Many efforts have been made to understand the role of oxidative stress in aging and age-related diseases. The complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is the major source of ROS production and its dysfunctions have been associated with several forms of neurodegeneration, other common human diseases and aging. Complex I-ROS production and complex I content have been proposed as the major determinants for longevity. The cAMP signal has a role in the regulation of complex I activity and the decrease of ROS production. In the last years, an increasing number of studies have attempted to activate cAMP signaling to treat age-related diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and ROS production. This idea comes from a long-line of studies showing a main role of cAMP signal in the memory consolidation mechanism and in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Here, we discuss several evidences on the possible connection between complex I and cAMP pathway in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-8516
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15
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Park JY, Lee H, Song ES, Lee YH, Kuk MU, Ko G, Kwon HW, Byun Y, Park JT. Restoration of Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Function Through p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Senescence. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:291-299. [PMID: 36205578 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest by oncogene activation, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related diseases. Recent research indicates that OIS is driven by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, it is not apparent whether MAPK inhibition helps to recover senescence. In our previous study, we uncovered p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, as an effective agent to reduce reactive oxygen species and increase proliferation in premature senescent cells. In this study, we evaluated whether SB203580 could ameliorate senescence in normal senescent cells. The senescence-improving effect was observed in the results that SB203580 treatment restored lysosomal function, as evidenced by a decrease in lysosomal mass and an increase in autophagic vacuoles. Then, SB203580-mediated lysosomal function restoration triggered the clearance of damaged mitochondria, leading to metabolic reprogramming necessary for amelioration of senescence. Indeed, p38 MAPK inhibition by SB203580 improved key senescent phenotypes. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which modulation of p38 MAPK activity leads to senescence improvement through functional restoration of lysosome and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahyun Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Muscle Delivery of Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs for the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Rationale and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122588. [PMID: 36559079 PMCID: PMC9782427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the process of aging and contributes to the incidence of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, which is defined as an age-dependent loss of muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial dysfunction exerts a negative impact on several cellular activities, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. In sarcopenia, mitochondria homeostasis is disrupted because of reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation, the enhanced production of reactive species, and impaired antioxidant defense. This review re-establishes the most recent evidence on mitochondrial defects that are thought to be relevant in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and that may represent promising therapeutic targets for its prevention/treatment. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of action and translational potential of promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems, including molecules able to boost the metabolism and bioenergetics, counteract apoptosis, antioxidants to scavenge reactive species and decrease oxidative stress, and target mitophagy. Even though these mitochondria-delivered strategies demonstrate to be promising in preclinical models, their use needs to be promoted for clinical studies. Therefore, there is a compelling demand to further understand the mechanisms modulating mitochondrial homeostasis, to characterize powerful compounds that target muscle mitochondria to prevent sarcopenia in aged people.
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17
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Adlimoghaddam A, Benson T, Albensi BC. Mitochondrial Transfusion Improves Mitochondrial Function Through Up-regulation of Mitochondrial Complex II Protein Subunit SDHB in the Hippocampus of Aged Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6009-6017. [PMID: 35834060 PMCID: PMC9463304 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of aging is characterized by mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction. As a hallmark of aging, an increasing number of investigations have attempted to improve mitochondrial function in both aging and age-related disease. Emerging from these attempts, methods involving mitochondrial isolation, transfusion, and transplantation have taken center stage. In particular, mitochondrial transfusion refers to the administration of mitochondria from healthy tissue into the bloodstream or into tissues affected by injury, disease, or aging. In this study, methods of mitochondrial isolation and transfusion were developed and utilized. First, we found a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the expression of mitochondrial complex proteins (I-V) in aged (12 months old) mouse brain tissue (C57BL/6 mice) in comparison to healthy young brain tissue (1 month old). To investigate whether healthy young mitochondria taken from the liver could improve mitochondrial function in older animals, we intravenously injected mitochondria isolated from young C57BL/6 mice into aged mice from the same strain. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that mitochondrial transfusion significantly (p < 0.05) improves mitochondrial function via the up-regulation of the mitochondrial complex II protein subunit SDHB in the hippocampus of aged mice. This result has identified a role for mitochondrial complex II in the aging process. Therefore, mitochondrial complex II could serve as a putative target for therapeutic interventions against aging. However, more importantly, methods of mitochondrial transfusion should be further tested to treat a variety of human diseases or disorders and to slow down or reverse processes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adlimoghaddam
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - T Benson
- Mitrix Bio INC, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - B C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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18
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Ghneim HK, Alfhili MA, Alharbi SO, Alhusayni SM, Abudawood M, Aljaser FS, Al-Sheikh YA. Comprehensive investigations of key mitochondrial metabolic changes in senescent human fibroblasts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:263-275. [PMID: 35766004 PMCID: PMC9247707 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of detailed data related to the effect of senescence on the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and redox state of senescent human cells. Activities of TCA cycle enzymes, respiratory chain complexes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (SA), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with levels of nicotinamide cofactors and ATP content were measured in young and senescent human foreskin fibroblasts. Primary and senescent cultures were biochemically identified by monitoring the augmented cellular activities of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and accumulation of H2O2, SA, LPO, PCC, and GSSG. Citrate synthase, aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I-III, IIIII, and IV activities were significantly diminished in P25 and P35 cells compared to P5 cells. This was accompanied by significant accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2, SA, LPO, and PCC, along with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of TrxR2, SOD2, GPx1, and GR. Notably, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced whereas NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios were significantly elevated. Metabolic exhaustion was also evident in senescent cells underscored by the severely diminished ATP/ADP ratio. Profound oxidative stress may contribute, at least in part, to senescence pointing at a potential protective role of antioxidants in aging-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem K. Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami O. Alharbi
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shady M. Alhusayni
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feda S. Aljaser
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A. Al-Sheikh
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Jester HM, Gosrani SP, Ding H, Zhou X, Ko MC, Ma T. Characterization of Early Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathological Alterations in Non-Human Primates with Aging: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:957-970. [PMID: 35723096 PMCID: PMC9378582 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic or late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with aging the most known risk factor. Non-human primates (NHPs) may serve as an excellent model to study LOAD because of their close similarity to humans in many aspects including neuroanatomy and neurodevelopment. Recent studies reveal AD-like pathology in old NHPs. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we took advantage of brain samples from 6 Cynomolgus macaques that were divided into two groups: middle aged (average age 14.81 years) and older (average age 19.33 years). We investigated whether AD-like brain pathologies are present in the NHPs. METHODS We used immunohistochemical method to examine brain Aβ pathology and neuron density. We applied biochemical assays to measure tau phosphorylation and multiple signaling pathways indicated in AD. We performed electron microscopy experiments to study alterations of postsynaptic density and mitochondrial morphology in the brain of NHPs. RESULTS We found multiple AD-like pathological alteration in the prefrontal cortex (but not in the hippocampus) of the older NHPs including tau hyperphosphorylation, increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), decreased expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), impairments in mitochondrial morphology, and postsynaptic densities formation. CONCLUSION These findings may provide insights into the factors contributing to the development of LOAD, particularly during the early stage transitioning from middle to old age. Future endeavors are warranted to elucidate mechanisms underlying the regional (and perhaps cellular) vulnerability with aging and the functional correlation of such pathological changes in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Jester
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Saahj P. Gosrani
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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20
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Jedlička J, Kunc R, Kuncová J. Mitochondrial respiration of human platelets in young adult and advanced age - Seahorse or O2k? Physiol Res 2021; 70:S369-S379. [PMID: 35099255 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jedlička
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
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21
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JEDLIČKA J, KUNC R, KUNCOVÁ J. Mitochondrial Respiration of Human Platelets in Young Adult and Advanced Age – Seahorse or O2k? Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J JEDLIČKA
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - R KUNC
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - J KUNCOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
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22
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Lee YH, Park JY, Lee H, Song ES, Kuk MU, Joo J, Oh S, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism as a Strategy to Treat Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113003. [PMID: 34831224 PMCID: PMC8616445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of organelles that undergo significant changes associated with senescence. An increase in mitochondrial size is observed in senescent cells, and this increase is ascribed to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such dysfunctional mitochondria are prime targets for ROS-induced damage, which leads to the deterioration of oxidative phosphorylation and increased dependence on glycolysis as an energy source. Based on findings indicating that senescent cells exhibit mitochondrial metabolic alterations, a strategy to induce mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to treat aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss senescence-related mitochondrial changes and consequent mitochondrial metabolic alterations. We assess the significance of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming for senescence regulation and propose the appropriate control of mitochondrial metabolism to ameliorate senescence. Learning how to regulate mitochondrial metabolism will provide knowledge for the control of aging and age-related pathologies. Further research focusing on mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming will be an important guide for the development of anti-aging therapies, and will provide novel strategies for anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Junghyun Joo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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23
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From mitochondria to sarcopenia: Role of inflammaging and RAGE-ligand axis implication. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111247. [PMID: 33484891 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries. At the intracellular level, mitochondrial population alterations are considered as key contributors to the complex etiology of sarcopenia. Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to reactive oxygen species production, altered cellular proteostasis, and promotes inflammation. Interestingly, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pro-inflammatory receptor involved in inflammaging. In this review, after a brief description of sarcopenia, we will describe how mitochondria and the pathways controlling mitochondrial population quality could participate to age-induced muscle mass and force loss. Finally, we will discuss the RAGE-ligand axis during aging and its possible connection with mitochondria to control inflammaging and sarcopenia.
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24
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Memme JM, Hood DA. Molecular Basis for the Therapeutic Effects of Exercise on Mitochondrial Defects. Front Physiol 2021; 11:615038. [PMID: 33584337 PMCID: PMC7874077 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is common to many organ system disorders, including skeletal muscle. Aging muscle and diseases of muscle are often accompanied by defective mitochondrial ATP production. This manuscript will focus on the pre-clinical evidence supporting the use of regular exercise to improve defective mitochondrial metabolism and function in skeletal muscle, through the stimulation of mitochondrial turnover. Examples from aging muscle, muscle-specific mutations and cancer cachexia will be discussed. We will also examine the effects of exercise on the important mitochondrial regulators PGC-1α, and Parkin, and summarize the effects of exercise to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., ROS production, apoptotic susceptibility, cardiolipin synthesis) in muscle pathology. This paper will illustrate the breadth and benefits of exercise to serve as "mitochondrial medicine" with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Mitochondrial Impairment in Sarcopenia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010031. [PMID: 33418869 PMCID: PMC7825073 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle quality, which relies on mitochondrial homeostasis. During aging, several mitochondrial features such as bioenergetics, dynamics, biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are altered and impinge on protein homeostasis, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the complex pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and mitochondria are indicated as potential targets to prevent and treat this age-related condition. After a concise presentation of the age-related modifications in skeletal muscle quality and mitochondrial homeostasis, the present review summarizes the most relevant findings related to mitochondrial alterations in sarcopenia.
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Potential Therapeutic Role of Phytochemicals to Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010023. [PMID: 33379372 PMCID: PMC7823298 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal damage. Although the precise pathobiology of AD remains elusive, accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the underlying causes of AD. Mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA that encode mitochondrial components may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, the dysfunction of electron transport chain complexes, along with the interactions of mitochondrial pathological proteins are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress (OS) and vice versa. Neuroinflammation is another potential contributory factor that induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytochemicals or other natural compounds have the potential to scavenge oxygen free radicals and enhance cellular antioxidant defense systems, thereby protecting against OS-mediated cellular damage. Phytochemicals can also modulate other cellular processes, including autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological intervention via neuroprotective phytochemicals can be a potential strategy to combat mitochondrial dysfunction as well as AD. This review focuses on the role of phytochemicals in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
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27
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Effects of Novel Tacrine Derivatives on Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Monoamine Oxidase Activity-In Vitro Study. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1102-1113. [PMID: 33089424 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The trends of novel AD therapeutics are focused on multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), which combine cholinesterase inhibition with additional biological properties such as antioxidant properties to positively affect neuronal energy metabolism as well as mitochondrial function. We examined the in vitro effects of 10 novel MTDLs on the activities of mitochondrial enzymes (electron transport chain complexes and citrate synthase), mitochondrial respiration, and monoamine oxidase isoform (MAO-A and MAO-B) activity. The drug-induced effects of 7-MEOTA-adamantylamine heterodimers (K1011, K1013, K1018, K1020, and K1022) and tacrine/7-MEOTA/6-chlorotacrine-trolox heterodimers (K1046, K1053, K1056, K1060, and K1065) were measured in pig brain mitochondria. Most of the substances inhibited complex I- and complex II-linked respiration at high concentrations; K1046, K1053, K1056, and K1060 resulted in the least inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Citrate synthase activity was not significantly inhibited by the tested substances; the least inhibition of complex I was observed for compounds K1060 and K1053, while both complex II/III and complex IV activity were markedly inhibited by K1011 and K1018. MAO-A was fully inhibited by K1018 and K1065, and MAO-B was fully inhibited by K1053 and K1065; the other tested drugs were partial inhibitors of both MAO-A and MAO-B. The tacrine/7-MEOTA/6-chlorotacrine-trolox heterodimers K1046, K1053, and K1060 seem to be the most suitable molecules for subsequent in vivo studies. These compounds had balanced inhibitory effects on mitochondrial respiration, with low complex I and complex II/III inhibition and full or partial inhibition of MAO-B activity.
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28
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Napoli E, McLennan YA, Schneider A, Tassone F, Hagerman RJ, Giulivi C. Characterization of the Metabolic, Clinical and Neuropsychological Phenotype of Female Carriers of the Premutation in the X-Linked FMR1 Gene. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:578640. [PMID: 33195422 PMCID: PMC7642626 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.578640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked FMR1 premutation (PM) is characterized by a 55-200 CGG triplet expansion in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). Carriers of the PM were originally thought to be asymptomatic; however, they may present general neuropsychiatric manifestations including learning disabilities, depression and anxiety, among others. With age, both sexes may also develop the neurodegenerative disease fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Among carriers, females are at higher risk for developing immune disorders, hypertension, seizures, endocrine disorders and chronic pain, among others. Some female carriers younger than 40 years old may develop fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). To date, no studies have addressed the metabolic footprint - that includes mitochondrial metabolism - of female carriers and its link to clinical/cognitive manifestations. To this end, we performed a comprehensive biochemical assessment of 42 female carriers (24-70 years old) compared to sex-matched non-carriers. By applying a multivariable correlation matrix, a generalized bioenergetics impairment was correlated with diagnoses of the PM, FXTAS and its severity, FXPOI and anxiety. Intellectual deficits were strongly correlated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and with CGG repeat length. A combined multi-omics approach identified a down-regulation of RNA and mRNA metabolism, translation, carbon and protein metabolism, unfolded protein response, and up-regulation of glycolysis and antioxidant response. The suboptimal activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) response challenges and further compromises the PM genetic background to withstand other, more severe forms of stress. Mechanistically, some of the deficits were linked to an altered protein expression due to decreased protein translation, but others seemed secondary to oxidative stress originated from the accumulation of either toxic mRNA or RAN-derived protein products or as a result of a direct toxicity of accumulated metabolites from deficiencies in critical enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Andrea Schneider
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Flora Tassone
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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29
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Roller‐Wirnsberger R, Thurner B, Pucher C, Lindner S, Wirnsberger GH. The clinical and therapeutic challenge of treating older patients in clinical practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1904-1911. [PMID: 31321798 PMCID: PMC7495268 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the demographic shift complex care management of older multimorbid patients with changing functional capacities has become core clinical business for many stakeholders in western health care systems. It is the aim of the mini-review to summarise evidence to be translated into clinical practice for pharmacists and medical doctors and interested readers. The review is based upon a comprehensive literature review in PubMed and EMBASE from 2000 to 2018 and grey literature. Interprofessional exchange and discussion among stakeholders from geriatric medicine and the International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology during a meeting in Graz, Austria 2018, led to the narrowing of the review addressing complex care needs of geriatric patients. In this mini-review, attention is drawn to a comprehensive therapeutic goal setting according to evidence-based guidelines: clinical, disease-related care aspects, functional capacities, evaluated by comprehensive geriatric assessment, and patient's wishes and perspectives as main drivers for personalised complex care of geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Thurner
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Christian Pucher
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Sonja Lindner
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
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30
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Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training and Deconditioning on Oxidative Capacity and Muscle Mitochondrial Enzyme Machinery in Young and Elderly Individuals. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103113. [PMID: 32993104 PMCID: PMC7601902 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be involved in age-related loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). Since the degree of physical activity is vital for skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and content, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training and 8 weeks of deconditioning on functional parameters of aerobic capacity and markers of muscle mitochondrial function in elderly compared to young individuals. In 11 healthy, elderly (80 ± 4 years old) and 10 healthy, young (24 ± 3 years old) volunteers, aerobic training improved maximal oxygen consumption rate by 13%, maximal workload by 34%, endurance capacity by 2.4-fold and exercise economy by 12% in the elderly to the same extent as in young individuals. This evidence was accompanied by a similar training-induced increase in muscle citrate synthase (CS) (31%) and mitochondrial complex I–IV activities (51–163%) in elderly and young individuals. After 8 weeks of deconditioning, endurance capacity (−20%), and enzyme activity of CS (−18%) and complex I (−40%), III (−25%), and IV (−26%) decreased in the elderly to a larger extent than in young individuals. In conclusion, we found that elderly have a physiological normal ability to improve aerobic capacity and mitochondrial function with aerobic training compared to young individuals, but had a faster decline in endurance performance and muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity after deconditioning, suggesting an age-related issue in maintaining oxidative metabolism.
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31
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Age-Related Deterioration of Mitochondrial Function in the Intestine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4898217. [PMID: 32922652 PMCID: PMC7453234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4898217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an important and inevitable biological process in human life, associated with the onset of chronic disease and death. The mechanisms behind aging remain unclear. However, changes in mitochondrial function and structure, including reduced activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased production of reactive oxygen species—thus oxidative damage—are believed to play a major role. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation. Accumulation of damaged cellular components reduces a body's capacity to preserve tissue homeostasis and affects biological aging and all age-related chronic conditions. This includes the onset and progression of classic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Clinical manifestations of intestinal disorders, such as mucosal barrier dysfunction, intestinal dysmotility, and chronic obstipation, are highly prevalent in the elderly population and have been shown to be associated with an age-dependent decline of mitochondrial function. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal aging.
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32
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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33
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Docherty MH, Baird DP, Hughes J, Ferenbach DA. Cellular Senescence and Senotherapies in the Kidney: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:755. [PMID: 32528288 PMCID: PMC7264097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to a cellular phenotype characterized by an altered transcriptome, pro-inflammatory secretome, and generally irreversible growth arrest. Acutely senescent cells are widely recognized as performing key physiological functions in vivo promoting normal organogenesis, successful wound repair, and cancer defense. In contrast, the accumulation of chronically senescent cells in response to aging, cell stress, genotoxic damage, and other injurious stimuli is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to organ dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and the more generalized aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the role of senescent cells in promoting progressive fibrosis and dysfunction with a particular focus on the kidney and reference to other organ systems. Specific differences between healthy and senescent cells are reviewed along with a summary of several experimental pharmacological approaches to deplete or manipulate senescent cells to preserve organ integrity and function with aging and after injury. Finally, key questions for future research and clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Helena Docherty
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David P Baird
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A Ferenbach
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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34
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Dawson N, Salmón P. Age-related increase in mitochondrial quantity may mitigate a decline in mitochondrial quality in red blood cells from zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Krekeler BN, Weycker JM, Connor NP. Effects of Tongue Exercise Frequency on Tongue Muscle Biology and Swallowing Physiology in a Rat Model. Dysphagia 2020; 35:918-934. [PMID: 32130514 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in muscle composition and function are often treated using exercise, including muscles of the tongue to treat swallowing impairments (dysphagia). Although tongue exercise is commonly prescribed, optimal tongue exercise doses have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of varying tongue exercise frequency on tongue force, genioglossus muscle fiber size, composition and metabolism, and swallowing in a rat model. We randomized 41 old and 40 young adult Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats into one of four tongue exercise groups: 5 days/week; 3 days/week; 1 day/week; or sham. Tongue force was higher following all exercise conditions (vs sham); the 5 day/week group had the greatest change in tongue force (p < 0.001). There were no exercise effects on genioglossus (GG) fiber size or MyHC composition (p > 0.05). Significant main effects for age showed a greater proportion of Type I fibers in (p < 0.0001) and increased fiber size of IIa fibers (p = 0.026) in old. There were no significant effects of citrate synthase activity or PGC-1α expression. Significant differences were found in bolus speed and area (size), but findings were potentially influenced by variability. Our findings suggest that tongue force is influenced by exercise frequency; however, these changes were not reflected in characteristics of the GG muscle assayed in this study. Informed by findings of this study, future work in tongue dose optimization will be required to provide better scientific premise for clinical treatments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Krekeler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Goodnight Hall, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA. .,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Swallowing Cross-Systems Collaborative, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Weycker
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Goodnight Hall, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Goodnight Hall, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA
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36
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Park SH, Kwon OS, Park SY, Weavil JC, Hydren JR, Reese V, Andtbacka RHI, Hyngstrom JR, Richardson RS. Vasodilatory and vascular mitochondrial respiratory function with advancing age: evidence of a free radically mediated link in the human vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R701-R711. [PMID: 32022597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing the age-related decline in skeletal muscle feed artery (SMFA) vasodilatory function, this study examined the link between vasodilatory and mitochondrial respiratory function in the human vasculature. Twenty-four SMFAs were harvested from young (35 ± 6 yr, n = 9) and old (71 ± 9 yr, n = 15) subjects. Vasodilation in SMFAs was assessed, by pressure myography, in response to flow-induced shear stress, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) while mitochondrial respiration was measured, by respirometry, in permeabilized SMFAs. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly attenuated in the old, induced by both flow (young: 92 ± 3, old: 45 ± 4%) and ACh (young: 92 ± 3, old: 54 ± 5%), with no significant difference in endothelium-independent vasodilation. Complex I and I + II state 3 respiration was significantly lower in the old (CI young: 10.1 ± 0.8, old: 7.0 ± 0.4 pmol·s-1·mg-1; CI + II young: 12.3 ± 0.6, old: 7.6 ± 0.4 pmol·s-1·mg-1). The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was also significantly attenuated in the old (young: 2.2 ± 0.1, old: 1.1 ± 0.1). Furthermore, state 3 (CI + II) and 4 respiration, as well as RCR, were significantly correlated (r = 0.49-0.86) with endothelium-dependent, but not endothelium-independent, function. Finally, the direct intervention with mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the old but not in the young. Thus, the age-related decline in vasodilatory function is linked to attenuated vascular mitochondrial respiratory function, likely by augmented free radicals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In human skeletal muscle feed arteries, the well-recognized age-related fall in endothelium-dependent vasodilatory function is strongly linked to a concomitant fall in vascular mitochondrial respiratory function. The direct intervention with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant restored vasodilatory function in the old but not in the young, supporting the concept that exacerbated mitochondrial-derived free radical production is linked to age-related vasodilatory dysfunction. Age-related vasodilatory dysfunction in humans is linked to attenuated vascular mitochondrial respiratory function, likely a consequence of augmented free radical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Hun Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joshua C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jay R Hydren
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van Reese
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert H I Andtbacka
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John R Hyngstrom
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Memme JM, Erlich AT, Phukan G, Hood DA. Exercise and mitochondrial health. J Physiol 2019; 599:803-817. [PMID: 31674658 DOI: 10.1113/jp278853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial health is an important mediator of cellular function across a range of tissues, and as a result contributes to whole-body vitality in health and disease. Our understanding of the regulation and function of these organelles is of great interest to scientists and clinicians across many disciplines within our healthcare system. Skeletal muscle is a useful model tissue for the study of mitochondrial adaptations because of its mass and contribution to whole body metabolism. The remarkable plasticity of mitochondria allows them to adjust their volume, structure and capacity under conditions such as exercise, which is useful or improving metabolic health in individuals with various diseases and/or advancing age. Mitochondria exist within muscle as a functional reticulum which is maintained by dynamic processes of biogenesis and fusion, and is balanced by opposing processes of fission and mitophagy. The sophisticated coordination of these events is incompletely understood, but is imperative for organelle function and essential for the maintenance of an interconnected organelle network that is finely tuned to the metabolic needs of the cell. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of mitochondrial turnover in muscle could offer potential therapeutic targets for the advancement of health and longevity among our ageing populations. As well, investigating exercise modalities that are both convenient and capable of inducing robust mitochondrial adaptations are useful in fostering more widespread global adherence. To this point, exercise remains the most potent behavioural therapeutic approach for the improvement of mitochondrial health, not only in muscle, but potentially also in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Geetika Phukan
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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Abstract
Organismal aging is accompanied by a host of progressive metabolic alterations and an accumulation of senescent cells, along with functional decline and the appearance of multiple diseases. This implies that the metabolic features of cell senescence may contribute to the organism’s metabolic changes and be closely linked to age-associated diseases, especially metabolic syndromes. However, there is no clear understanding of senescent metabolic characteristics. Here, we review key metabolic features and regulators of cellular senescence, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and anabolic deregulation, and their link to other senescence phenotypes and aging. We further discuss the mechanistic involvement of the metabolic regulators mTOR, AMPK, and GSK3, proposing them as key metabolic switches for modulating senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mee Kwon
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seongki Min
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Holper L, Ben-Shachar D, Mann JJ. Multivariate meta-analyses of mitochondrial complex I and IV in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:837-849. [PMID: 29855563 PMCID: PMC6461987 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase, NDU) and complex IV (cytochrome-c-oxidase, COX) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). We conducted meta-analyses comparing complex I and IV in each disorder MDD, BD, SZ, AD, and PD, as well as in normal aging. The electronic databases Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies published between 1980 and 2018. Of 2049 screened studies, 125 articles were eligible for the meta-analyses. Complex I and IV were assessed in peripheral blood, muscle biopsy, or postmortem brain at the level of enzyme activity or subunits. Separate meta-analyses of mood disorder studies, MDD and BD, revealed moderate effect sizes for similar abnormality patterns in the expression of complex I with SZ in frontal cortex, cerebellum and striatum, whereas evidence for complex IV alterations was low. By contrast, the neurodegenerative disorders, AD and PD, showed strong effect sizes for shared deficits in complex I and IV, such as in peripheral blood, frontal cortex, cerebellum, and substantia nigra. Beyond the diseased state, there was an age-related robust decline in both complexes I and IV. In summary, the strongest support for a role for complex I and/or IV deficits, is in the pathophysiology of PD and AD, and evidence is less robust for MDD, BD, or SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holper
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - D Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - J J Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Coen PM, Musci RV, Hinkley JM, Miller BF. Mitochondria as a Target for Mitigating Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1883. [PMID: 30687111 PMCID: PMC6335344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function that is characteristic of aging. The progression of sarcopenia is gradual but may be accelerated by periods of muscle loss during physical inactivity secondary to illness or injury. The loss of mobility and independence and increased comorbidities associated with sarcopenia represent a major healthcare challenge for older adults. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostatic mechanisms are important contributors to the complex etiology of sarcopenia. As such, interventions that target improving mitochondrial function and proteostatic maintenance could mitigate or treat sarcopenia. Exercise is currently the only effective option to treat sarcopenia and does so, in part, by improving mitochondrial energetics and protein turnover. Exercise interventions also serve as a discovery tool to identify molecular targets for development of alternative therapies to treat sarcopenia. In summary, we review the evidence linking mitochondria and proteostatic maintenance to sarcopenia and discuss the therapeutic potential of interventions addressing these two factors to mitigate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - J Matthew Hinkley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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42
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Park JT, Lee YS, Cho KA, Park SC. Adjustment of the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis for control of cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:176-182. [PMID: 30142381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes undergo the most marked senescence-related alterations among all cellular organelles. Whereas mitochondria undergo gradual structural changes associated with reduced function, lysosomes exhibit progressively deteriorated function along with the accumulation of lipofuscins. Lysosomal dysfunction induces the deterioration of mitochondrial turnover, resulting in the generation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS), with the increased ROS levels in turn targeting lysosomes. This vicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria thus aggravates senescence phenotypes. Based on findings that lysosomal activity is diminished in senescent cells and that the resultant oxidative stress correlates with mitochondrial damage, the existence of a lysosomal-mitochondrial axis with a functional role in senescence has been proposed. In this review, we interrogate the interplay between lysosomes and mitochondria during senescence and propose the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis to serve a potential function as an inducer of senescence alleviation. Thus, learning how to control the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis should represent an important research directive for developing therapeutics toward ageing-related disease as well as the aging process itself. Further research focusing on the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis will add to our knowledge regarding aging and age-related pathologies, as well as provide new strategies for anti-aging intervention.
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Mao T, Han C, Wei B, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Deng R, Liu J, Luo Y, Zhang Y. Protective Effects of Quercetin Against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Injury in Goat Sperm and Zygotes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:344-355. [PMID: 29397540 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, is frequently used as an antioxidant for efficient anti-oxidative capacity. However, whether quercetin has protective effects on goat sperm and preimplantation embryos against Cd2+-induced oxidative injury is still unclear. So, we researched the influence of quercetin on goat sperm and zygotes respectively under the oxidative stress induced by Cd2+. In our study, quercetin decreased the malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels caused by Cd2+ in goat sperm (p < 0.05), which facilitated sperm characteristics including motility, survival rates, membrane integrity, and mitochondria activity during storage in vitro and subsequent embryo development (p < 0.05). Moreover, in goat zygotes, quercetin decreased peroxidation products including ROS, MDA, and carbonyl through preserving or maintaining mitochondrial function, gene expression, and anti-oxidative products such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, which ameliorated subsequent embryo development and embryo quality (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin protects both goat sperm and preimplantation embryos from Cd2+-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chengquan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Biao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruizhi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Mirabutalebi SH, Karami N, Ashrafzadeh HR, Akhvansales Z, Tavakoli M, Ghasemi N. Detection of 4977-bp deletion of mitochondrial DNA in in vitro fertilization failure women: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.16.9.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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45
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Chen CCW, Erlich AT, Crilly MJ, Hood DA. Parkin is required for exercise-induced mitophagy in muscle: impact of aging. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E404-E415. [PMID: 29812989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00391.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of muscle health with advancing age is dependent on mitochondrial homeostasis. While reductions in mitochondrial biogenesis have been observed with age, less is known regarding organelle degradation. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in mitophagy, but few studies have examined Parkin's contribution to mitochondrial turnover in muscle. Wild-type (WT) and Parkin knockout (KO) mice were used to delineate a role for Parkin-mediated mitochondrial degradation in aged muscle, in concurrence with exercise. Aged animals exhibited declines in muscle mass and mitochondrial content, paralleled by a nuclear environment endorsing the transcriptional repression of mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitophagic signaling was enhanced following acute endurance exercise in young WT mice but was abolished in the absence of Parkin. Basal mitophagy flux of the autophagosomal protein lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 was augmented in aged animals but did not increase additionally with exercise when compared with young animals. In the absence of Parkin, exercise increased the nuclear localization of Parkin-interacting substrate, corresponding to a decrease in nuclear peroxisome proliferator gamma coactivator-1α. Remarkably, exercise enhanced mitochondrial ubiquitination in both young WT and KO animals. This suggested compensation of alternative ubiquitin ligases that were, however, unable to restore the diminished exercise-induced mitophagy in KO mice. Under basal conditions, we demonstrated that Parkin was required for mitochondrial mitofusin-2 ubiquitination. We also observed an abrogation of exercise-induced mitophagy in aged muscle. Our results demonstrate that acute exercise-induced mitophagy is dependent on Parkin and attenuated with age, which likely contributes to changes in mitochondrial content and quality in aging muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chin Wah Chen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Matthew J Crilly
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - David A Hood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Rascalou A, Lamartine J, Poydenot P, Demarne F, Bechetoille N. Mitochondrial damage and cytoskeleton reorganization in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to artificial visible light similar to screen-emitted light. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:S0923-1811(18)30213-5. [PMID: 29764717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial visible light is everywhere in modern life. Social communication confronts us with screens of all kinds, and their use is on the rise. We are therefore increasingly exposed to artificial visible light, the effects of which on skin are poorly known. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to model the artificial visible light emitted by electronic devices and assess its effect on normal human fibroblasts. METHODS The spectral irradiance emitted by electronic devices was optically measured and equipment was developed to accurately reproduce such artificial visible light. Effects on normal human fibroblasts were analyzed on human genome microarray-based gene expression analysis. At cellular level, visualization and image analysis were performed on the mitochondrial network and F-actin cytoskeleton. Cell proliferation, ATP release and type I procollagen secretion were also measured. RESULTS We developed a device consisting of 36 LEDs simultaneously emitting blue, green and red light at distinct wavelengths (450 nm, 525 nm and 625 nm) with narrow spectra and equivalent radiant power for the three colors. A dose of 99 J/cm2 artificial visible light was selected so as not to induce cell mortality following exposure. Microarray analysis revealed 2984 light-modulated transcripts. Functional annotation of light-responsive genes revealed several enriched functions including, amongst others, the "mitochondria" and "integrin signaling" categories. Selected results were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR, analyzing 24 genes representing these two categories. Analysis of micro-patterned culture plates showed marked fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and disorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton following exposure. Functionally, there was considerable impairment of cell growth and spread, ATP release and type I procollagen secretion in exposed fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Artificial visible light induces drastic molecular and cellular changes in normal human fibroblasts. This may impede normal cellular functions and contribute to premature skin aging. The present results extend our knowledge of the effects of the low-energy wavelengths that are increasingly used to treat skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- CNRS UMR 5305/LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, FR-69367, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Poydenot
- CYTOO, Minatec - BHT Bât. 52, 7 Parvis Louis Néel, FR-38040, Grenoble, France
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Distefano G, Standley RA, Zhang X, Carnero EA, Yi F, Cornnell HH, Coen PM. Physical activity unveils the relationship between mitochondrial energetics, muscle quality, and physical function in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:279-294. [PMID: 29368427 PMCID: PMC5879963 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing muscle is highly controversial. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that reduced muscle oxidative capacity and efficiency underlie the aetiology of mobility loss in older adults. Here, we hypothesized that studying well-phenotyped older cohorts across a wide range of physical activity would unveil a range of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and in turn allow us to more clearly examine the impact of age per se on mitochondrial energetics. This also enabled us to more clearly define the relationships between mitochondrial energetics and muscle lipid content with clinically relevant assessments of muscle and physical function. METHODS Thirty-nine volunteers were recruited to the following study groups: young active (YA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 31.2 ± 5.4 years), older active (OA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 67.5 ± 2.7 years), and older sedentary (OS, n = 8 women/11 men, age = 70.7 ± 4.7 years). Participants completed a graded exercise test to determine fitness (VO2 peak), a submaximal exercise test to determine exercise efficiency, and daily physical activity was recorded using a tri-axial armband accelerometer. Mitochondrial energetics were determined by (i) 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and (ii) respirometry of fibre bundles from vastus lateralis biopsies. Quadriceps function was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and physical function by the short physical performance battery and stair climb test. RESULTS Daily physical activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in OS, compared with YA and OA groups. Despite fitness being higher in YA compared with OA and OS, mitochondrial respiration, maximum mitochondrial capacity, Maximal ATP production/Oxygen consumption (P/O) ratio, and exercise efficiency were similar in YA and OA groups and were significantly lower in OS. P/O ratio was correlated with exercise efficiency. Time to complete the stair climb and repeated chair stand tests were significantly greater for OS. Interestingly, maximum mitochondrial capacity was related to muscle contractile performance and physical function. CONCLUSIONS Older adults who maintain a high amount of physical activity have better mitochondrial capacity, similar to highly active younger adults, and this is related to their better muscle quality, exercise efficiency, and physical performance. This suggests that mitochondria could be an important therapeutic target for sedentary ageing associated conditions including sarcopenia, dynapenia, and loss of physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Robert A Standley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Heather H Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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Abstract
Muscle weakness and atrophy are key characteristics of the aging adult but can also be found in chronically ill patients with heart failure, cancer, renal failure, and chronic infectious diseases all associated with an accelerated level of muscle dysfunction. Reduced physical activity levels and exercise intolerance increase muscle loss and decrease quality of life in both the aging and heart failure populations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of aging and heart failure on skeletal muscle function and how exercise training can improve long-term outcomes associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Brunjes
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Peter J Kennel
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
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Abstract
A substantial loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), a decreased regenerative capacity, and a compromised physical performance are hallmarks of aging skeletal muscle. These changes are typically accompanied by impaired muscle metabolism, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. A challenge in the field of muscle aging is to dissociate the effects of chronological aging per se on muscle characteristics from the secondary influence of lifestyle and disease processes. Remarkably, physical activity and exercise are well-established countermeasures against muscle aging, and have been shown to attenuate age-related decreases in muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity, and slow or prevent impairments in muscle metabolism. We posit that exercise and physical activity can influence many of the changes in muscle during aging, and thus should be emphasized as part of a lifestyle essential to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
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Chung S, Rosenberry R, Ryan TE, Munson M, Dombrowsky T, Park S, Nasirian A, Haykowsky MJ, Nelson MD. Near-infrared spectroscopy detects age-related differences in skeletal muscle oxidative function: promising implications for geroscience. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13588. [PMID: 29411535 PMCID: PMC5801551 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is the greatest risk factor for chronic disease and is associated with a marked decline in functional capacity and quality of life. A key factor contributing to loss of function in older adults is the decline in skeletal muscle function. While the exact mechanism(s) remains incompletely understood, age-related mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to play a major role. To explore this question further, we studied 15 independently living seniors (age: 72 ± 5 years; m/f: 4/11; BMI: 27.6 ± 5.9) and 17 young volunteers (age: 25 ± 4 years; m/f: 8/9; BMI: 24.0 ± 3.3). Skeletal muscle oxidative function was measured in forearm muscle from the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Muscle oxygen consumption was calculated as the slope of change in hemoglobin saturation during a series of rapid, supra-systolic arterial cuff occlusions following a brief bout of exercise. Aging was associated with a significant prolongation of the time constant of oxidative recovery following exercise (51.8 ± 5.4 sec vs. 37.1 ± 2.1 sec, P = 0.04, old vs. young, respectively). This finding suggests an overall reduction in mitochondrial function with age in nonlocomotor skeletal muscle. That these data were obtained using NIRS holds great promise in gerontology for quantitative assessment of skeletal muscle oxidative function at the bed side or clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Chung
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Ryan Rosenberry
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Terence E. Ryan
- Department of PhysiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina
| | - Madison Munson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | | | - Suwon Park
- College of NursingUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Aida Nasirian
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | | | - Michael D. Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
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