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Abelanet A, Camoin M, Rubin S, Bougaran P, Delobel V, Pernot M, Forfar I, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Galès C, Bats ML, Renault MA, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. Increased Capillary Permeability in Heart Induces Diastolic Dysfunction Independently of Inflammation, Fibrosis, or Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:745-763. [PMID: 35510550 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While endothelial dysfunction is suggested to contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction pathophysiology, understanding the importance of the endothelium alone, in the pathogenesis of diastolic abnormalities has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the consequences of specific endothelial dysfunction on cardiac function, independently of any comorbidity or risk factor (diabetes or obesity) and their potential effect on cardiomyocyte. METHODS The ubiquitine ligase Pdzrn3, expressed in endothelial cells (ECs), was shown to destabilize tight junction. A genetic mouse model in which Pdzrn3 is overexpressed in EC (iEC-Pdzrn3) in adults was developed. RESULTS EC-specific Pdzrn3 expression increased cardiac leakage of IgG and fibrinogen blood-born molecules. The induced edema demonstrated features of diastolic dysfunction, with increased end-diastolic pressure, alteration of dP/dt min, increased natriuretic peptides, in addition to limited exercise capacity, without major signs of cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. Electron microscopic images showed edema with disrupted EC-cardiomyocyte interactions. RNA sequencing analysis of gene expression in cardiac EC demonstrated a decrease in genes coding for endothelial extracellular matrix proteins, which could be related to the fragile blood vessel phenotype. Irregularly shaped capillaries with hemorrhages were found in heart sections of iEC-Pdzrn3 mice. We also found that a high-fat diet was not sufficient to provoke diastolic dysfunction; high-fat diet aggravated cardiac inflammation, associated with an altered cardiac metabolic signature in EC-Pdzrn3 mice, reminiscent of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction features. CONCLUSIONS An increase of endothelial permeability is responsible for mediating diastolic dysfunction pathophysiology and for aggravating detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on cardiac inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abelanet
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Marion Camoin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (M.C., S.R., M.P., M.L.B., P.D., T.C.)
| | - Sebastien Rubin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (M.C., S.R., M.P., M.L.B., P.D., T.C.)
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Valentin Delobel
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (M.C., S.R., M.P., M.L.B., P.D., T.C.)
| | - Isabelle Forfar
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Céline Guilbeau-Frugier
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1048, I2MC, France (C.G.-F., C.G.)
| | - Céline Galès
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1048, I2MC, France (C.G.-F., C.G.)
| | - Marie Lise Bats
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (M.C., S.R., M.P., M.L.B., P.D., T.C.)
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (M.C., S.R., M.P., M.L.B., P.D., T.C.)
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (M.C., S.R., M.P., M.L.B., P.D., T.C.)
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (A.A., M.C., S.R., P.B., V.D., M.P., I.F., M.L.B., M.-A.R., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
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2
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Abstract
The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while homeostatic functions predominate during sleep. The blood-brain barrier establishes a stable environment that is optimal for neuronal function, yet the barrier imposes a physiological problem; transcapillary filtration that forms extracellular fluid in other organs is reduced to a minimum in brain. Consequently, the brain depends on a special fluid [the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] that is flushed into brain along the unique perivascular spaces created by astrocytic vascular endfeet. We describe this pathway, coined the term glymphatic system, based on its dependency on astrocytic vascular endfeet and their adluminal expression of aquaporin-4 water channels facing toward CSF-filled perivascular spaces. Glymphatic clearance of potentially harmful metabolic or protein waste products, such as amyloid-β, is primarily active during sleep, when its physiological drivers, the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion, together efficiently propel CSF inflow along periarterial spaces. The brain's extracellular space contains an abundance of proteoglycans and hyaluronan, which provide a low-resistance hydraulic conduit that rapidly can expand and shrink during the sleep-wake cycle. We describe this unique fluid system of the brain, which meets the brain's requisites to maintain homeostasis similar to peripheral organs, considering the blood-brain-barrier and the paths for formation and egress of the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaag Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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3
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Wilson SE. Defective perlecan-associated basement membrane regeneration and altered modulation of transforming growth factor beta in corneal fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:144. [PMID: 35188596 PMCID: PMC8972081 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the cornea, the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and corneal endothelial Descemet's basement membrane (DBM) critically regulate the localization, availability and, therefore, the functions of transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, TGFβ2, and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) that modulate myofibroblast development. Defective regeneration of the EBM, and notably diminished perlecan incorporation, occurs via several mechanisms and results in excessive and prolonged penetration of pro-fibrotic growth factors into the stroma. These growth factors drive mature myofibroblast development from both corneal fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived fibrocytes, and then the persistence of these myofibroblasts and the disordered collagens and other matrix materials they produce to generate stromal scarring fibrosis. Corneal stromal fibrosis often resolves completely if the inciting factor is removed and the BM regenerates. Similar defects in BM regeneration are likely associated with the development of fibrosis in other organs where perlecan has a critical role in the modulation of signaling by TGFβ1 and TGFβ2. Other BM components, such as collagen type IV and collagen type XIII, are also critical regulators of TGF beta (and other growth factors) in the cornea and other organs. After injury, BM components are dynamically secreted and assembled through the cooperation of neighboring cells-for example, the epithelial cells and keratocytes for the corneal EBM and corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes for the corneal DBM. One of the most critical functions of these reassembled BMs in all organs is to modulate the pro-fibrotic effects of TGFβs, PDGFs and other growth factors between tissues that comprise the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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4
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Mo FE. Shear-Regulated Extracellular Microenvironments and Endothelial Cell Surface Integrin Receptors Intertwine in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640781. [PMID: 33889574 PMCID: PMC8056009 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces imposed by blood flow shear stress directly modulate endothelial gene expression and functional phenotype. The production of extracellular matrix proteins and corresponding cell-surface integrin receptors in arterial endothelial cells is intricately regulated by blood flow patterns. Laminar blood flow promotes mature and atheroresistant endothelial phenotype, while disturbed flow induces dysfunctional and atheroprone endothelial responses. Here, we discuss how hemodynamic changes orchestrate the remodeling of extracellular microenvironments and the expression profile of the integrin receptors in endothelial cells leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Targeting the interaction between matrix proteins and their corresponding integrins is a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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5
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α-Lipoic Acid Increases Collagen Synthesis and Deposition in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Rat Kidneys. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6669352. [PMID: 33777319 PMCID: PMC7979310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement and therapeutic agent in diabetes management. Well-established antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of ALA were considered to be particularly important in combating diabetic complications including renal injury. The present study evaluated the potential of ALA to affect profibrotic events in kidney that could alter its structure and functioning. ALA was administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) to nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks. The effects of ALA were assessed starting from structural/morphological alterations through changes that characterize profibrotic processes, to regulation of collagen gene expression in kidney. Here, we demonstrated that ALA improved systemic glucose and urea level, reduced formation of renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and maintained renal structural integrity in diabetic rats. However, profibrotic events provoked in diabetes were not alleviated by ALA since collagen synthesis/deposition and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) remained elevated in ALA-treated diabetic rats, especially after 8 weeks of diabetes onset. Moreover, 8 weeks treatment of nondiabetic rats with ALA led to the development of profibrotic features reflected in increased collagen synthesis/deposition. Besides the TGF-β1 downstream signaling, the additional mechanism underlying the upregulation of collagen IV in nondiabetic rats treated with ALA involves decreased DNA methylation of its promoter that could arise from increased Tet1 expression. These findings emphasize the therapeutic caution in the use of ALA, especially in patients with renal diabetic complication.
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Yousefzade O, Katsarava R, Puiggalí J. Biomimetic Hybrid Systems for Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5040049. [PMID: 33050136 PMCID: PMC7709492 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches appear nowadays highly promising for the regeneration of injured/diseased tissues. Biomimetic scaffolds are continuously been developed to act as structural support for cell growth and proliferation as well as for the delivery of cells able to be differentiated, and also of bioactive molecules like growth factors and even signaling cues. The current research concerns materials employed to develop biological scaffolds with improved features as well as complex preparation techniques. In this work, hybrid systems based on natural polymers are discussed and the efforts focused to provide new polymers able to mimic proteins and DNA are extensively explained. Progress on the scaffold fabrication technique is mentioned, those processes based on solution and melt electrospinning or even on their combination being mainly discussed. Selection of the appropriate hybrid technology becomes vital to get optimal architecture to reasonably accomplish the final applications. Representative examples of the recent possibilities on tissue regeneration are finally given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yousefzade
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ramaz Katsarava
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bedukidze Univesity Campus, Tbilisi 0131, Georgia;
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-401-5649
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7
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Mungroo MR, Khan NA, Siddiqui R. Mycobacterium leprae: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104475. [PMID: 32931893 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae is known to cause leprosy, a neurological and dermatological disease. In the past 20 years, 16 million leprosy cases have been recorded and more than 200,000 new cases were registered each year, indicating that the disease is still progressing without hindrance. M. leprae, an intracellular bacterium, infects the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Several types of leprosy have been described, including indeterminate, tuberculoid, borderline tuberculoid, mid-borderline, borderline lepromatous and lepromatous, and three different forms of leprosy reactions, namely type 1, 2 and 3, have been designated. Microscopic detection, serological diagnostic test, polymerase chain reaction and flow tests are employed in the diagnosis of leprosy. The recommended treatment for leprosy consists of rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine, ofloxacin and minocycline and vaccines are also available. However, relapse may occur after treatment has been halted and hence patients must be educated on the signs of relapse to allow proper treatment and reduce severity. In this review, we depict the current understanding of M. leprae pathogenicity, clinical aspects and manifestations. Transmission of leprosy, diagnosis and treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Coelho-Sampaio T, Tenchov B, Nascimento MA, Hochman-Mendez C, Morandi V, Caarls MB, Altankov G. Type IV collagen conforms to the organization of polylaminin adsorbed on planar substrata. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:242-253. [PMID: 32450232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering demands the development of scaffolds that mimic natural extracellular matrices (ECM). Despite the success in obtaining synthetic interstitial ECM, the production of an artificial basement membrane (BM), the specialized thin sheet of ECM that is pivotal for the functional organization of most tissues and internal organs, is still not achieved. With the long-term aim of developing a flat BM-like structure here we investigated the behavior of acid-soluble Col IV during simultaneous assembly with laminin (LM) in acidic conditions. The underlying rationale was the previously observed phenomenon of acid-triggered LM polymerization, giving rise to biomimetic polylaminin (polyLM) that can be adsorbed on the substrate. Unexpectedly, we found that Col IV (that does not polymerize in acidic conditions) readily incorporated into the polyLM layer, forming a network that mimics to a great extent the characteristic polygonal morphology of single polyLM observable at micrometric scale. Scanning calorimetry and light scattering measurements supported the notion that polyLM and Col IV could directly interact. The biological properties of the proposed artificial BM-like structure were characterized using human keratinocytes (HACAT) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HACAT formed stratified cell layers on the hybrid polyLM/Col IV layer, but not on Matrigel, nor on LM or Col IV alone, while HUVEC improved cortical F-actin and tight juctions organization on polyLM/Col IV. Thus, the proposed artificial BM reproduces not only morphological but also some functional properties of the natural BM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Basement membranes (BMs) are flat biological matrices separating tissue compartments in the body. Their peculiar sheet-like structure is thought to result from the association of two independent protein networks of laminin and collagen IV. While pursuing the development of an artificial BM, we found that, when mixed with acid-induced polymerized laminin, collagen IV immediately conformed to the laminin shape. This implies that the protein networks may not be independently assembled as believed so far, but instead that laminin may command the assembly of collagen IV. Our hybrid matrix was structurally more stable than the commercial BM extract Matrigel and, unlike the latter, supported in vitro formation of a stratified layer of keratinocytes that approximated the organization of the natural epidermis.
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9
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Cell Biology of Intracellular Adaptation of Mycobacterium leprae in the Peripheral Nervous System. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 7. [PMID: 31322104 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0020-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian nervous system is invaded by a number of intracellular bacterial pathogens which can establish and progress infection in susceptible individuals. Subsequent clinical manifestation is apparent with the impairment of the functional units of the nervous system, i.e., the neurons and the supporting glial cells that produce myelin sheaths around axons and provide trophic support to axons and neurons. Most of these neurotrophic bacteria display unique features, have coevolved with the functional sophistication of the nervous system cells, and have adapted remarkably to manipulate neural cell functions for their own advantage. Understanding how these bacterial pathogens establish intracellular adaptation by hijacking endogenous pathways in the nervous system, initiating myelin damage and axonal degeneration, and interfering with myelin maintenance provides new knowledge not only for developing strategies to combat neurodegenerative conditions induced by these pathogens but also for gaining novel insights into cellular and molecular pathways that regulate nervous system functions. Since the pathways hijacked by bacterial pathogens may also be associated with other neurodegenerative diseases, it is anticipated that detailing the mechanisms of bacterial manipulation of neural systems may shed light on common mechanisms, particularly of early disease events. This chapter details a classic example of neurodegeneration, that caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily infects glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (Schwann cells), and how it targets and adapts intracellularly by reprogramming Schwann cells to stem cells/progenitor cells. We also discuss implications of this host cell reprogramming by leprosy bacilli as a model in a wider context.
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Zika Virus Dissemination from the Midgut of Aedes aegypti is Facilitated by Bloodmeal-Mediated Structural Modification of the Midgut Basal Lamina. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111056. [PMID: 31739432 PMCID: PMC6893695 DOI: 10.3390/v11111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The arboviral disease cycle requires that key tissues in the arthropod vector become persistently infected with the virus. The midgut is the first organ in the mosquito that needs to be productively infected with an orally acquired virus. Following midgut infection, the virus then disseminates to secondary tissues including the salivary glands. Once these are productively infected, the mosquito is able to transmit the virus to a vertebrate host. Recently, we described the midgut dissemination pattern for chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti. Here we assess the dissemination pattern in the same mosquito species for Zika virus (ZIKV), a human pathogenic virus belonging to the Flaviviridae. ZIKV infection of secondary tissues, indicative of dissemination from the midgut, was not observed before 72 h post infectious bloodmeal (pibm). Virion accumulation at the midgut basal lamina (BL) was only sporadic, although at 96–120 h pibm, virions were frequently observed between strands of the BL indicative of their dissemination. Our data suggest that ZIKV dissemination from the mosquito midgut occurs after digestion of the bloodmeal. Using gold-nanoparticles of 5 nm and 50 nm size, we show that meal ingestion leads to severe midgut tissue distention, causing the mesh width of the BL to remain enlarged after complete digestion of the meal. This could explain how ZIKV can exit the midgut via the BL after bloodmeal digestion. Ingestion of a subsequent, non-infectious bloodmeal five days after acquisition of an initial, dengue 4 virus containing bloodmeal resulted in an increased number of virions present in the midgut epithelium adjacent to the BL. Thus, subsequent bloodmeal ingestion by an infected mosquito may primarily stimulate de novo synthesis of virions leading to increased viral titers in the vector.
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11
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Gabriela Espinosa M, Catalin Staiculescu M, Kim J, Marin E, Wagenseil JE. Elastic Fibers and Large Artery Mechanics in Animal Models of Development and Disease. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2666245. [PMID: 29222533 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a closed circulatory system requires that large arteries adapt to the mechanical demands of high, pulsatile pressure. Elastin and collagen uniquely address these design criteria in the low and high stress regimes, resulting in a nonlinear mechanical response. Elastin is the core component of elastic fibers, which provide the artery wall with energy storage and recoil. The integrity of the elastic fiber network is affected by component insufficiency or disorganization, leading to an array of vascular pathologies and compromised mechanical behavior. In this review, we discuss how elastic fibers are formed and how they adapt in development and disease. We discuss elastic fiber contributions to arterial mechanical behavior and remodeling. We primarily present data from mouse models with elastic fiber deficiencies, but suggest that alternate small animal models may have unique experimental advantages and the potential to provide new insights. Advanced ultrastructural and biomechanical data are constantly being used to update computational models of arterial mechanics. We discuss the progression from early phenomenological models to microstructurally motivated strain energy functions for both collagen and elastic fiber networks. Although many current models individually account for arterial adaptation, complex geometries, and fluid-solid interactions (FSIs), future models will need to include an even greater number of factors and interactions in the complex system. Among these factors, we identify the need to revisit the role of time dependence and axial growth and remodeling in large artery mechanics, especially in cardiovascular diseases that affect the mechanical integrity of the elastic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Eric Marin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130 e-mail:
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12
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Cocciolone AJ, Hawes JZ, Staiculescu MC, Johnson EO, Murshed M, Wagenseil JE. Elastin, arterial mechanics, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H189-H205. [PMID: 29631368 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00087.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large, elastic arteries are composed of cells and a specialized extracellular matrix that provides reversible elasticity and strength. Elastin is the matrix protein responsible for this reversible elasticity that reduces the workload on the heart and dampens pulsatile flow in distal arteries. Here, we summarize the elastin protein biochemistry, self-association behavior, cross-linking process, and multistep elastic fiber assembly that provide large arteries with their unique mechanical properties. We present measures of passive arterial mechanics that depend on elastic fiber amounts and integrity such as the Windkessel effect, structural and material stiffness, and energy storage. We discuss supravalvular aortic stenosis and autosomal dominant cutis laxa-1, which are genetic disorders caused by mutations in the elastin gene. We present mouse models of supravalvular aortic stenosis, autosomal dominant cutis laxa-1, and graded elastin amounts that have been invaluable for understanding the role of elastin in arterial mechanics and cardiovascular disease. We summarize acquired diseases associated with elastic fiber defects, including hypertension and arterial stiffness, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, calcification, and aneurysms and dissections. We mention animal models that have helped delineate the role of elastic fiber defects in these acquired diseases. We briefly summarize challenges and recent advances in generating functional elastic fibers in tissue-engineered arteries. We conclude with suggestions for future research and opportunities for therapeutic intervention in genetic and acquired elastinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jie Z Hawes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marius C Staiculescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Medicine, and Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
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Koto W, Shinohara Y, Kitamura K, Wachi T, Makihira S, Koyano K. Porcine Dental Epithelial Cells Differentiated in a Cell Sheet Constructed by Magnetic Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100322. [PMID: 29027917 PMCID: PMC5666487 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in medical examinations, treatments, and basic research, including magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. In this study, MNPs with magnetic force were applied to tissue engineering for dental enamel regeneration. The internalization of MNPs into the odontogenic cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. A combined cell sheet consisting of dental epithelial cells (DECs) and dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) (CC sheet) was constructed using magnetic force-based tissue engineering technology. The result of the iron staining indicated that MNPs were distributed ubiquitously over the CC sheet. mRNA expression of enamel differentiation and basement membrane markers was examined in the CC sheet. Immunostaining showed Collagen IV expression at the border region between DEC and DMC layers in the CC sheet. These results revealed that epithelial–mesenchymal interactions between DEC and DMC layers were caused by bringing DECs close to DMCs mechanically by magnetic force. Our study suggests that the microenvironment in the CC sheet might be similar to that during the developmental stage of a tooth bud. In conclusion, a CC sheet employing MNPs could be developed as a novel and unique graft for artificially regenerating dental enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Koto
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Shinohara
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Kitamura
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takanori Wachi
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Seicho Makihira
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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14
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Abdallah MN, Badran Z, Ciobanu O, Hamdan N, Tamimi F. Strategies for Optimizing the Soft Tissue Seal around Osseointegrated Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28960892 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous and permucosal devices such as catheters, infusion pumps, orthopedic, and dental implants are commonly used in medical treatments. However, these useful devices breach the soft tissue barrier that protects the body from the outer environment, and thus increase bacterial infections resulting in morbidity and mortality. Such associated infections can be prevented if these devices are effectively integrated with the surrounding soft tissue, and thus creating a strong seal from the surrounding environment. However, so far, there are no percutaneous/permucosal medical devices able to prevent infection by achieving strong integration at the soft tissue-device interface. This review gives an insight into the current status of research into soft tissue-implant interface and the challenges associated with these interfaces. Biological soft/hard tissue interfaces may provide insights toward engineering better soft tissue interfaces around percutaneous devices. In this review, focus is put on the history and current findings as well as recent progress of the strategies aiming to develop a strong soft tissue seal around osseointegrated implants, such as orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Nur Abdallah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Toronto University; Toronto M5G 1G6 ON Canada
| | - Zahi Badran
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Department of Periodontology (CHU/Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11); Faculty of Dental Surgery; University of Nantes; Nantes 44042 France
| | - Ovidiu Ciobanu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
| | - Nader Hamdan
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Dalhousie University; Halifax B3H 4R2 NS Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
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15
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Kantor AM, Dong S, Held NL, Ishimwe E, Passarelli AL, Clem RJ, Franz AW. Identification and initial characterization of matrix metalloproteinases in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:113-126. [PMID: 28054419 PMCID: PMC5216420 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a major vector for arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. During acquisition of a viremic bloodmeal, an arbovirus infects mosquito midgut cells before disseminating to secondary tissues, including the salivary glands. Once virus is released into the salivary ducts it can be transmitted to another vertebrate host. The midgut is surrounded by a basal lamina (BL) in the extracellular matrix, consisting of a proteinaceous mesh composed of collagen IV and laminin. BL pore size exclusion limit prevents virions from passing through. Thus, the BL probably requires remodelling via enzymatic activity to enable efficient virus dissemination. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular endopeptidases that are involved in remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Here, we describe and characterize the nine Ae. aegypti encoded MMPs, AeMMPs 1-9, which share common features with other invertebrate and vertebrate MMPs. Expression profiling in Ae. aegypti revealed that Aemmp4 and Aemmp6 were upregulated during metamorphosis, whereas expression of Aemmp1 and Aemmp2 increased during bloodmeal digestion. Aemmp1 expression was also upregulated in the presence of a bloodmeal containing chikungunya virus. Using polyclonal antibodies, AeMMP1 and AeMMP2 were specifically detected in tissues associated with the mosquito midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher M. Kantor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shengzhang Dong
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Held
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Egide Ishimwe
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - A. Lorena Passarelli
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rollie J. Clem
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Alexander W.E. Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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16
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LeBleu VS, Macdonald B, Kalluri R. Structure and Function of Basement Membranes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1121-9. [PMID: 17895520 DOI: 10.3181/0703-mr-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are present in every tissue of the human body. All epithelium and endothelium is in direct association with BMs. BMs are a composite of several large glycoproteins and form an organized scaffold to provide structural support to the tissue and also offer functional input to modulate cellular function. While collagen I is the most abundant protein in the human body, type IV collagen is the most abundant protein in BMs. Matrigel is commonly used as surrogate for BMs in many experiments, but this is a tumor-derived BM–like material and does not contain all of the components that natural BMs possess. The structure of BMs and their functional role in tissues are unique and unlike any other class of proteins in the human body. Increasing evidence suggests that BMs are unique signal input devices that likely fine tune cellular function. Additionally, the resulting endothelial and epithelial heterogeneity in human body is a direct contribution of cell-matrix interaction facilitated by the diverse compositions of BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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17
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Witz CA, Montoya-Rodriguez IA, Cho S, Centonze VE, Bonewald LF, Schenken RS. Composition of the Extracellular Matrix of the Peritoneum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760100800508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Witz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cellular and Structural Biology and Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mail Code 7836, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert S. Schenken
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cellular and Structural Biology and Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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18
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Cordeiro CM, Hincke MT. Quantitative proteomics analysis of eggshell membrane proteins during chick embryonic development. J Proteomics 2016; 130:11-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Glentis A, Gurchenkov V, Matic Vignjevic D. Assembly, heterogeneity, and breaching of the basement membranes. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:236-45. [PMID: 24727304 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin sheets of self-assembled extracellular matrices that are essential for embryonic development and for the homeostasis of adult tissues. They play a role in structuring, protecting, polarizing, and compartmentalizing cells, as well as in supplying them with growth factors. All basement membranes are built from laminin and collagen IV networks stabilized by nidogen/perlecan bridges. The precise composition of basement membranes, however, varies between different tissues. Even though basement membranes represent physical barriers that delimit different tissues, they are breached in many physiological or pathological processes, including development, the immune response, and tumor invasion. Here, we provide a brief overview of the molecular composition of basement membranes and the process of their assembly. We will then illustrate the heterogeneity of basement membranes using two examples, the epithelial basement membrane in the gut and the vascular basement membrane. Finally, we examine the different strategies cells use to breach the basement membrane.
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20
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Franz AWE, Kantor AM, Passarelli AL, Clem RJ. Tissue Barriers to Arbovirus Infection in Mosquitoes. Viruses 2015; 7:3741-67. [PMID: 26184281 PMCID: PMC4517124 DOI: 10.3390/v7072795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) circulate in nature between arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. Arboviruses often cause devastating diseases in vertebrate hosts, but they typically do not cause significant pathology in their arthropod vectors. Following oral acquisition of a viremic bloodmeal from a vertebrate host, the arbovirus disease cycle requires replication in the cellular environment of the arthropod vector. Once the vector has become systemically and persistently infected, the vector is able to transmit the virus to an uninfected vertebrate host. In order to systemically infect the vector, the virus must cope with innate immune responses and overcome several tissue barriers associated with the midgut and the salivary glands. In this review we describe, in detail, the typical arbovirus infection route in competent mosquito vectors. Based on what is known from the literature, we explain the nature of the tissue barriers that arboviruses are confronted with in a mosquito vector and how arboviruses might surmount these barriers. We also point out controversial findings to highlight particular areas that are not well understood and require further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Asher M Kantor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | | | - Rollie J Clem
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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21
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Colorectal cancer and basement membranes: clinicopathological correlations. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:580159. [PMID: 25614736 PMCID: PMC4295340 DOI: 10.1155/2014/580159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. In 2008, an estimated 1.2 million people were diagnosed with and 608,700 people died of CRC. Besides diagnosis and treatment, prognosis is an important matter for cancer patients. Today, clinicopathological correlations have many applications in cancer prognostication. Examples include the prediction of the medium patient survival and the screening for patients suitable for specific therapeutic approaches. Apart from traditional prognostic factors, such as tumor stage and grade, new markers may be useful in clinical practice. Possible markers may result from the study of basement membranes (BMs). BM seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, so BM alterations may have prognostic significance as well. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe BMs and their relationship with CRC, in the aspect of clinicopathological correlations.
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22
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Lössl P, Kölbel K, Tänzler D, Nannemann D, Ihling CH, Keller MV, Schneider M, Zaucke F, Meiler J, Sinz A. Analysis of nidogen-1/laminin γ1 interaction by cross-linking, mass spectrometry, and computational modeling reveals multiple binding modes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112886. [PMID: 25387007 PMCID: PMC4227867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the detailed structural investigation of nidogen-1/laminin γ1 complexes using full-length nidogen-1 and a number of laminin γ1 variants. The interactions of nidogen-1 with laminin variants γ1 LEb2–4, γ1 LEb2–4 N836D, γ1 short arm, and γ1 short arm N836D were investigated by applying a combination of (photo-)chemical cross-linking, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and computational modeling. In addition, surface plasmon resonance and ELISA studies were used to determine kinetic constants of the nidogen-1/laminin γ1 interaction. Two complementary cross-linking strategies were pursued to analyze solution structures of laminin γ1 variants and nidogen-1. The majority of distance information was obtained with the homobifunctional amine-reactive cross-linker bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)glutarate. In a second approach, UV-induced cross-linking was performed after incorporation of the diazirine-containing unnatural amino acids photo-leucine and photo-methionine into laminin γ1 LEb2–4, laminin γ1 short arm, and nidogen-1. Our results indicate that Asn-836 within laminin γ1 LEb3 domain is not essential for complex formation. Cross-links between laminin γ1 short arm and nidogen-1 were found in all protein regions, evidencing several additional contact regions apart from the known interaction site. Computational modeling based on the cross-linking constraints indicates the existence of a conformational ensemble of both the individual proteins and the nidogen-1/laminin γ1 complex. This finding implies different modes of interaction resulting in several distinct protein-protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lössl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Knut Kölbel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Tänzler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - David Nannemann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Christian H. Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manuel V. Keller
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marian Schneider
- Research Group Artificial Binding Proteins, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Gasiorowski JZ, Murphy CJ, Nealey PF. Biophysical cues and cell behavior: the big impact of little things. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 15:155-76. [PMID: 23862676 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans that self-assemble into a hierarchical order of nanometer- to micrometer-scale fibrils and fibers. The shapes, sizes, and elasticity present within this highly ordered meshwork regulate behaviors in most cell types. It has been well documented that cellular migration, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue development are all influenced by matrix geometries and compliance, but how these external biophysical cues are translated into activated intracellular signaling cascades remains poorly understood. Fortunately, technological improvements in artificial substrate fabrication have provided biologists with tools to test cellular interactions within controlled three-dimensional environments. Here, we review cellular responses to biophysical cues and discuss their clinical relevancy and application. We focus especially on integrative approaches that aim to first characterize the properties of specific extracellular matrices and then precisely fabricate biomimetic materials to elucidate how relevant cells respond to the individual biophysical cues present in their native tissues. Through these types of comprehensive studies, biologists have begun to understand and appreciate how exceedingly small features can have a significant impact on the regulation, development, and homeostasis of cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Z Gasiorowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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24
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Mestres P, Gomez LL, Lopez TN, del Rosario G, Lukas SW, Hartmann U. The basement membrane of the isolated rat colonic mucosa. A light, electron and atomic force microscopy study. Ann Anat 2014; 196:108-18. [PMID: 24582060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BM) are structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which are involved in epithelial barriers, but also play an important role in processes such as cell adhesion, cell growth and tissue healing. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of cell removal on the structure of the BM of the colonic mucosa. The superficial epithelium was removed with EDTA and the samples were then mechanically fixed for immunohistochemistry, TEM, SEM and AFM. For SEM and AFM, some samples were also prepared according to the OTO method. BM marker proteins were detected after cell removal by immunohistochemistry, indicating that BM remains. However, a lamina lucida (LL) was no longer visible in TEM, it disappeared and the BM became slightly thinner. The surface topography of the BM is characterized by the presence of globules, fenestrations and pore-like structures, which were visualized with SEM and AFM. Noteworthy is the visualization for the first time with AFM of a 3D network of fine fibers and filaments ("cords"), which very much resembled that described with TEM by Inoue (1994). An unresolved question is whether the pore-like structures observed in this study, especially with SEM, actually correspond to the pores of the BM whose existence has been demonstrated functionally. In conclusion, the structural patterns and changes described could be considered as a reference to evaluate the effects of other decellularization protocols on BMs, such as those used in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mestres
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty for Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos I, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany.
| | - Laura Lopez Gomez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty for Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos I, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Nuñez Lopez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty for Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos I, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gilberto del Rosario
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Centre for Technical Support (CAT), University Rey Juan Carlos I, 28933 Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Uwe Hartmann
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrucken, Germany
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25
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Luca AC, Mersch S, Deenen R, Schmidt S, Messner I, Schäfer KL, Baldus SE, Huckenbeck W, Piekorz RP, Knoefel WT, Krieg A, Stoecklein NH. Impact of the 3D microenvironment on phenotype, gene expression, and EGFR inhibition of colorectal cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59689. [PMID: 23555746 PMCID: PMC3608563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell cultures grown in laminin-rich-extracellular matrix (lrECM) are considered to reflect human tumors more realistic as compared to cells grown as monolayer on plastic. Here, we systematically investigated the impact of ECM on phenotype, gene expression, EGFR signaling pathway, and on EGFR inhibition in commonly used colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. LrECM on-top (3D) culture assays were performed with the CRC cell lines SW-480, HT-29, DLD-1, LOVO, CACO-2, COLO-205 and COLO-206F. Morphology of lrECM cultivated CRC cell lines was determined by phase contrast and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Proliferation of cells was examined by MTT assay, invasive capacity of the cell lines was assayed using Matrigel-coated Boyden chambers, and migratory activity was determined employing the Fence assay. Differential gene expression was analyzed at the transcriptional level by the Agilent array platform. EGFR was inhibited by using the specific small molecule inhibitor AG1478. A specific spheroid growth pattern was observed for all investigated CRC cell lines. DLD-1, HT-29 and SW-480 and CACO-2 exhibited a clear solid tumor cell formation, while LOVO, COLO-205 and COLO-206F were characterized by forming grape-like structures. Although the occurrence of a spheroid morphology did not correlate with an altered migratory, invasive, or proliferative capacity of CRC cell lines, gene expression was clearly altered in cells grown on lrECM as compared to 2D cultures. Interestingly, in KRAS wild-type cell lines, inhibition of EGFR was less effective in lrECM (3D) cultures as compared to 2D cell cultures. Thus, comparing both 2D and 3D cell culture models, our data support the influence of the ECM on cancer growth. Compared to conventional 2D cell culture, the lrECM (3D) cell culture model offers the opportunity to investigate permanent CRC cell lines under more physiological conditions, i.e. in the context of molecular therapeutic targets and their pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Luca
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Mersch
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabelle Messner
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Schäfer
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Baldus
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huckenbeck
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P. Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (AK); (NHS)
| | - Nikolas H. Stoecklein
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (AK); (NHS)
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26
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Kiener HP, Karonitsch T. The synovium as a privileged site in rheumatoid arthritis: cadherin-11 as a dominant player in synovial pathology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 25:767-77. [PMID: 22265259 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease in which an autoimmune response translates primarily into joint inflammation with attendant joint destruction. While evidence implicates both the adaptive and innate immune system in rheumatoid synovitis, several lines of evidence now support the concept that the synovial tissue itself actively participates in the destructive inflammatory processes of arthritis. Specifically, the resident mesenchymal cells, the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), frame a synovial microenvironment that responds to, augments and perpetuates the inflammatory process. Moreover, the FLSs have been recognised as the dominant cells mediating joint destruction. The identification of cadherin-11 expression on FLS provided an opportunity to unravel molecular mechanisms by which these resident mesenchymal cells govern processes that result in destructive synovitis in the context of systemic autoimmune disease. Herein, we discuss the unfolding biology of the synovial cadherin with its implications for the synovial pathology in arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans P Kiener
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Comparative analysis of basal lamina type IV collagen α chains, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 expressions in oral dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:113-9. [PMID: 22694915 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the expressions of basal lamina (BL) collagen IV α chains and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in oral dysplasia (OED) and invasive carcinoma. Ten cases each of OEDs, carcinomas-in situ and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Another 5 cases, each of normal and hyperplastic oral mucosa, served as controls. Results showed that α1(IV)/α2(IV) and α5(IV)/α6(IV) chains were intact in BLs of control and OEDs. In BLs of carcinoma-in situ, α1(IV)/α2(IV) chains preceded α5(IV)/α6(IV) chains in showing incipient signs of disruption. OSCCs exhibited varying degrees of collagen α(IV) chain degradation. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were absent in controls and OED, but weakly detectable in carcinoma-in situ. In OSCC, these proteolytic enzymes were expressed in areas corresponding to collagen α(IV) chain loss. Enzymatic activity was enhanced in higher grade OSCC, and along the tumor advancing front. Overall the present findings suggest that loss of BL collagen α(IV) chains coincided with gain of expression for MMP-2 and MMP-9, and that these protein alterations are crucial events during progression from OED to OSCC.
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Kaushal GP, Haun RS, Herzog C, Shah SV. Meprin A metalloproteinase and its role in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1150-8. [PMID: 23427141 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00014.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprin A, composed of α- and β-subunits, is a membrane-associated neutral metalloendoprotease that belongs to the astacin family of zinc endopeptidases. It was first discovered as an azocasein and benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase in the brush-border membranes of proximal tubules and intestines. Meprin isoforms are now found to be widely distributed in various organs (kidney, intestines, leukocytes, skin, bladder, and a variety of cancer cells) and are capable of hydrolyzing and processing a large number of substrates, including extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines, adherens junction proteins, hormones, bioactive peptides, and cell surface proteins. The ability of meprin A to cleave various substrates sheds new light on the functional properties of this enzyme, including matrix remodeling, inflammation, and cell-cell and cell-matrix processes. Following ischemia-reperfusion (IR)- and cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), meprin A is redistributed toward the basolateral plasma membrane, and the cleaved form of meprin A is excreted in the urine. These studies suggest that altered localization and shedding of meprin A in places other than the apical membranes may be deleterious in vivo in acute tubular injury. These studies also provide new insight into the importance of a sheddase involved in the release of membrane-associated meprin A under pathological conditions. Meprin A is injurious to the kidney during AKI, as meprin A-knockout mice and meprin inhibition provide protective roles and improve renal function. Meprin A, therefore, plays an important role in AKI and potentially is a unique target for therapeutic intervention during AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur P Kaushal
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4300 West 7th St., 111D/LR, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Extracellular Matrix is an Important Component of Limbal Stem Cell Niche. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:879-94. [PMID: 24955751 PMCID: PMC4030928 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix plays an important role in stem cell niche which maintains the undifferentiated stem cell phenotype. Human corneal epithelial stem cells are presumed to reside mainly at the limbal basal epithelium. Efforts have been made to characterize different components of the extracellular matrix that are preferentially expressed at the limbus. Mounting evidence from experimental data suggest that these components are part of the stem cell niche and play a role in the homeostasis of limbal stem cells. The extracellular matrix provides a mechanical and structural support as well as regulates cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. Optimization of the extracellular matrix components might be able to recreate an ex vivo stem cell niche to expand limbal stem cells.
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Dias FDA, dos Santos ALS, Lery LMS, Alves e Silva TL, Oliveira MM, Bisch PM, Saraiva EM, Souto-Padrón TC, Lopes AH. Evidence that a laminin-like insect protein mediates early events in the interaction of a Phytoparasite with its vector's salivary gland. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48170. [PMID: 23118944 PMCID: PMC3485148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomonas species are plant parasites of the family Trypanosomatidae, which are transmitted by phytophagous insects. Some Phytomonas species cause major agricultural damages. The hemipteran Oncopeltus fasciatus is natural and experimental host for several species of trypanosomatids, including Phytomonas spp. The invasion of the insect vectors' salivary glands is one of the most important events for the life cycle of Phytomonas species. In the present study, we show the binding of Phytomonas serpens at the external face of O. fasciatus salivary glands by means of scanning electron microscopy and the in vitro interaction of living parasites with total proteins from the salivary glands in ligand blotting assays. This binding occurs primarily through an interaction with a 130 kDa salivary gland protein. The mass spectrometry of the trypsin-digest of this protein matched 23% of human laminin-5 β3 chain precursor sequence by 16 digested peptides. A protein sequence search through the transcriptome of O. fasciatus embryo showed a partial sequence with 51% similarity to human laminin β3 subunit. Anti-human laminin-5 β3 chain polyclonal antibodies recognized the 130 kDa protein by immunoblotting. The association of parasites with the salivary glands was strongly inhibited by human laminin-5, by the purified 130 kDa insect protein, and by polyclonal antibodies raised against the human laminin-5 β3 chain. This is the first report demonstrating that a laminin-like molecule from the salivary gland of O. fasciatus acts as a receptor for Phytomonas binding. The results presented in this investigation are important findings that will support further studies that aim at developing new approaches to prevent the transmission of Phytomonas species from insects to plants and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Almeida Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquimica Medica, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Martins Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mascarello Bisch
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira Maria Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Hampshire Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Singhal N, Martin PT. Role of extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors in the development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 71:982-1005. [PMID: 21766463 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remains the best-studied model for understanding the mechanisms involved in synaptogenesis, due to its relatively large size, its simplicity of patterning, and its unparalleled experimental accessibility. During neuromuscular development, each skeletal myofiber secretes and deposits around its extracellular surface an assemblage of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that ultimately form a basal lamina. This is also the case at the NMJ, where the motor nerve contributes additional factors. Before most of the current molecular components were known, it was clear that the synaptic ECM of adult skeletal muscles was unique in composition and contained factors sufficient to induce the differentiation of both pre- and postsynaptic membranes. Biochemical, genetic, and microscopy studies have confirmed that agrin, laminin (221, 421, and 521), collagen IV (α3-α6), collagen XIII, perlecan, and the ColQ-bound form of acetylcholinesterase are all synaptic ECM proteins with important roles in neuromuscular development. The roles of their many potential receptors and/or binding proteins have been more difficult to assess at the genetic level due to the complexity of membrane interactions with these large proteins, but roles for MuSK-LRP4 in agrin signaling and for integrins, dystroglycan, and voltage-gated calcium channels in laminin-dependent phenotypes have been identified. Synaptic ECM proteins and their receptors are involved in almost all aspects of synaptic development, including synaptic initiation, topography, ultrastructure, maturation, stability, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singhal
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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DeMaio L, Buckley ST, Krishnaveni MS, Flodby P, Dubourd M, Banfalvi A, Xing Y, Ehrhardt C, Minoo P, Zhou B, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Ligand-independent transforming growth factor-β type I receptor signalling mediates type I collagen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Pathol 2011; 226:633-44. [PMID: 21984393 DOI: 10.1002/path.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as one potential source of fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To assess the contribution of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) EMT to fibroblast accumulation in vivo following lung injury and the influence of extracellular matrix on AEC phenotype in vitro, Nkx2.1-Cre;mT/mG mice were generated in which AECs permanently express green fluorescent protein (GFP). On days 17-21 following intratracheal bleomycin administration, ~4% of GFP-positive epithelial-derived cells expressed vimentin or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Primary AECs from Nkx2.1-Cre;mT/mG mice cultured on laminin-5 or fibronectin maintained an epithelial phenotype. In contrast, on type I collagen, cells of epithelial origin displayed nuclear localization of Smad3, acquired spindle-shaped morphology, expressed α-SMA and phospho-Smad3, consistent with activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling pathway and EMT. α-SMA induction and Smad3 nuclear localization were blocked by the TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI, otherwise known as Alk5) inhibitor SB431542, while AEC derived from Nkx2.1-Cre;Alk5(flox/KO) mice did not undergo EMT on collagen, consistent with a requirement for signalling via Alk5 in collagen-induced EMT. Inability of a pan-specific TGFβ neutralizing antibody to inhibit effects of collagen together with absence of active TGFβ in culture supernatants is consistent with TGFβ ligand-independent activation of Smad signalling. These results support the notion that AECs can acquire a mesenchymal phenotype following injury in vivo and implicate type I collagen as a key regulator of EMT in AECs through signalling via Alk5, likely in a TGFβ ligand-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas DeMaio
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033, USA
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Yu H, Chen L, Liu Y. Topographic characterization and protein quantification of esophageal basement membrane for scaffold design reference in tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 100:265-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Provost B, Jouan V, Hilliou F, Delobel P, Bernardo P, Ravallec M, Cousserans F, Wajnberg E, Darboux I, Fournier P, Strand MR, Volkoff AN. Lepidopteran transcriptome analysis following infection by phylogenetically unrelated polydnaviruses highlights differential and common responses. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 41:582-591. [PMID: 21457783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Polydnaviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that are symbionts of parasitoid wasps. The family is currently divided into two genera, the Ichnovirus (IV) and Bracovirus (BV), which are associated with wasps in the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, respectively. IVs and BVs have similar immunosuppressive and developmental effects on parasitized hosts but their encapsidated genomes largely encode different genes. To assess whether IV and BV infection has similar or disparate effects on the transcriptome of shared hosts, we characterized the effects of Hyposoter didymator Ichnovirus (HdIV) and Microplitis demolitor Bracovirus (MdBV) on the fat body and hemocyte transcriptome of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Our results indicated that HdIV and MdBV infection alters the abundance of a relatively low proportion of S. frugiperda transcripts at 24 h post-infection. A majority of the transcripts affected by infection also differed between MdBV and HdIV. However, we did identify some host transcripts that were similarly affected by both viruses. A majority of these genes were transcribed in the fat body and most belonged to functional classes with roles in immunity, detoxification, or cell structure. Particularly prominent in this suite of transcripts were genes encoding for predicted motor-related and collagen IV-like proteins. Overall, our data suggest that the broadly similar effects that HdIV and MdBV have on host growth and immunity are not due to these viruses inducing profound changes in host gene expression. Given though that IVs and BVs encode few shared genes, the host transcripts that are similarly affected by HdIV and MdBV could indicate convergence by each virus to target a few processes at the level of transcription that are important for successful parasitism of hosts by H. didymator and M. demolitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertille Provost
- UMR1333, INRA, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc101, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Components of cell-matrix linkage as potential new markers for prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:883-96. [PMID: 24212644 PMCID: PMC3756394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor diseases worldwide. Often being non-aggressive, prostate tumors in these cases do not need immediate treatment. However, about 20% of diagnosed prostate cancers tend to metastasize and require treatment. Existing diagnostic methods may fail to accurately recognize the transition of a dormant, non-aggressive tumor into highly malignant prostate cancer. Therefore, new diagnostic tools are needed to improve diagnosis and therapy of prostate carcinoma. This review evaluates existing methods to diagnose prostate carcinoma, such as the biochemical marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA), but also discusses the possibility to use the altered expression of integrins and laminin-332 in prostate carcinomas as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets of prostate cancer.
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Evans MJ, Fanucchi MV, Plopper CG, Hyde DM. Postnatal development of the lamina reticularis in primate airways. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:947-54. [PMID: 20503389 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The basement membrane zone (BMZ) appears as three component layers: the lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina reticularis. The laminas lucida and densa are present during all stages of development. The lamina reticularis appears during postnatal development. Collagens I, III, and V form heterogeneous fibers that account for the thickness of the lamina reticularis. Additionally, there are three proteoglycans considered as integral components of the BMZ: perlecan, collagen XVIII, and bamacan. Perlecan is the predominant heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the airway BMZ. It is responsible for many of the functions attributed to the BMZ, in particular, trafficking of growth factors and cytokines between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Growth factor binding sites on perlecan include FGF-1, FGF-2, FGF-7, FGF-10, PDGF, HGF, HB-EGF, VEGF, and TGF-beta. Growth factors pass through the BMZ when moving between the epithelial and mesenchymal cell layers. They move by rapid reversible binding with sites on both the heparan sulfate chains and core protein of perlecan. In this manner, perlecan regulates movement of growth factors between tissues. Another function of the BMZ is storage and regulation of FGF-2. FGF-2 has been shown to be involved with normal growth and thickening of the BMZ. Thickening of the BMZ is a feature of airway remodeling in asthma. It may have a positive effect by protecting against airway narrowing and air trapping. Conversely, it may have a negative effect by influencing trafficking of growth factors in the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit. However, currently the significance of BMZ thickening is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Evans
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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Kroening S, Goppelt-Struebe M. Analysis of Matrix-Dependent Cell Migration with a Barrier Migration Assay. Sci Signal 2010; 3:pl1. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.3126pl1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhu J. Bioactive modification of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4639-56. [PMID: 20303169 PMCID: PMC2907908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we explore different approaches for introducing bioactivity into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Hydrogels are excellent scaffolding materials for repairing and regenerating a variety of tissues because they can provide a highly swollen three-dimensional (3D) environment similar to soft tissues. Synthetic hydrogels like PEG-based hydrogels have advantages over natural hydrogels, such as the ability for photopolymerization, adjustable mechanical properties, and easy control of scaffold architecture and chemical compositions. However, PEG hydrogels alone cannot provide an ideal environment to support cell adhesion and tissue formation due to their bio-inert nature. The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) has been an attractive model for the design and fabrication of bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering. ECM-mimetic modification of PEG hydrogels has emerged as an important strategy to modulate specific cellular responses. To tether ECM-derived bioactive molecules (BMs) to PEG hydrogels, various strategies have been developed for the incorporation of key ECM biofunctions, such as specific cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation, and signal molecule-binding. A number of cell types have been immobilized on bioactive PEG hydrogels to provide fundamental knowledge of cell/scaffold interactions. This review addresses the recent progress in material designs and fabrication approaches leading to the development of bioactive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Mostafa WZ, Mahfouz SM, Bosseila M, Sobhi RM, El-Nabarawy E. An immunohistochemical study of laminin in basal cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 37:68-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boutet I, Jollivet D, Shillito B, Moraga D, Tanguy A. Molecular identification of differentially regulated genes in the hydrothermal-vent species Bathymodiolus thermophilus and Paralvinella pandorae in response to temperature. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:222. [PMID: 19439073 PMCID: PMC2689276 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps represent oases of life in the deep-sea environment, but are also characterized by challenging physical and chemical conditions. The effect of temperature fluctuations on vent organisms in their habitat has not been well explored, in particular at a molecular level, most gene expression studies being conducted on coastal marine species. In order to better understand the response of hydrothermal organisms to different temperature regimes, differentially expressed genes (obtained by a subtractive suppression hybridization approach) were identified in the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus and the annelid Paralvinella pandorae irlandei to characterize the physiological processes involved when animals are subjected to long term exposure (2 days) at two contrasting temperatures (10 degrees versus 20 degrees C), while maintained at in situ pressures. To avoid a potential effect of pressure, the experimental animals were initially thermally acclimated for 24 hours in a pressurized vessel. RESULTS For each species, we produced two subtractive cDNA libraries (forward and reverse) from sets of deep-sea mussels and annelids exposed together to a thermal challenge under pressure. RNA extracted from the gills, adductor muscle, mantle and foot tissue were used for B. thermophilus. For the annelid model, whole animals (small individuals) were used. For each of the four libraries, we sequenced 200 clones, resulting in 78 and 83 unique sequences in mussels and annelids (about 20% of the sequencing effort), respectively, with only half of them corresponding to known genes. Real-time PCR was used to validate differentially expressed genes identified in the corresponding libraries. Strong expression variations have been observed for some specific genes such as the intracellular hemoglobin, the nidogen protein, and Rab7 in P. pandorae, and the SPARC protein, cyclophilin, foot protein and adhesive plaque protein in B. thermophilus. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mussels and worms are not responding in the same way to temperature variations. While the results obtained for the mussel B. thermophilus seem to indicate a metabolic depression (strong decrease in the level of mRNA expression of numerous genes) when temperature increased, the annelid P. pandorae mainly displayed a strong regulation of the mRNA encoding subunits and linkers of respiratory pigments and some proteins involved in membrane structure. In both cases, these regulations seem to be partly due to a possible cellular oxidative stress induced by the simulated thermal environment (10 degrees C to 20 degrees C). This work will serve as a starting point for studying the transcriptomic response of hydrothermal mussels and annelids in future experiments in response to thermal stress at various conditions of duration and temperature challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boutet
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe Génétique et Adaptation en Milieu Extrême, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Didier Jollivet
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe Génétique et Adaptation en Milieu Extrême, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Bruce Shillito
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR 7138, Systématique, Adaptation et Evolution, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dario Moraga
- UMR CNRS 6539, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe Génétique et Adaptation en Milieu Extrême, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
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The synaptic CT carbohydrate modulates binding and expression of extracellular matrix proteins in skeletal muscle: Partial dependence on utrophin. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 41:448-63. [PMID: 19442736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CT carbohydrate, Neu5Ac/Neu5Gcalpha2,3[GalNAcbeta1,4]Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-, is specifically expressed at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal myofibers of adult vertebrates. When Galgt2, the glycosyltransferase that creates the synaptic beta1,4GalNAc portion of this glycan, is overexpressed in extrasynaptic regions of the myofiber membrane, alpha dystroglycan becomes glycosylated with the CT carbohydrate and this coincides with the ectopic expression of synaptic dystroglycan-binding proteins, including laminin alpha4, laminin alpha5, and utrophin. Here we show that both synaptic and extrasynaptic forms of laminin and agrin have increased binding to the CT carbohydrate compared to sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, its extrasynaptically expressed precursor. Muscle laminins also show increased binding to CT-glycosylated muscle alpha dystroglycan relative to its non-CT-containing glycoforms. Overexpression of Galgt2 in transgenic mouse skeletal muscle increased the mRNA expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including agrin and laminin alpha5, as well as utrophin, integrin alpha7, and neuregulin. Increased expression of ECM proteins in Galgt2 transgenic skeletal muscles was partially dependent on utrophin, but utrophin was not required for Galgt2-induced changes in muscle growth or neuromuscular development. These experiments demonstrate that overexpression of a synaptic carbohydrate can increase both ECM binding to alpha dystroglycan and ECM expression in skeletal muscle, and they suggest a mechanism by which Galgt2 overexpression may inhibit muscular dystrophy and affect neuromuscular development.
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Quintana L, zur Nieden NI, Semino CE. Morphogenetic and regulatory mechanisms during developmental chondrogenesis: new paradigms for cartilage tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 15:29-41. [PMID: 19063663 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is the first skeletal tissue to be formed during embryogenesis leading to the creation of all mature cartilages and bones, with the exception of the flat bones in the skull. Therefore, errors occurring during the process of chondrogenesis, the formation of cartilage, often lead to severe skeletal malformations such as dysplasias. There are hundreds of skeletal dysplasias, and the molecular genetic etiology of some remains more elusive than of others. Many efforts have aimed at understanding the morphogenetic event of chondrogenesis in normal individuals, of which the main morphogenetic and regulatory mechanisms will be reviewed here. For instance, many signaling molecules that guide chondrogenesis--for example, transforming growth factor-beta, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and Wnts, as well as transcriptional regulators such as the Sox family--have already been identified. Moreover, extracellular matrix components also play an important role in this developmental event, as evidenced by the promotion of the chondrogenic potential of chondroprogenitor cells caused by collagen II and proteoglycans like versican. The growing evidence of the elements that control chondrogenesis and the increasing number of different sources of progenitor cells will, hopefully, help to create tissue engineering platforms that could overcome many developmental or degenerative diseases associated with cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Quintana
- Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Bioengineering, IQS-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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Brazda N, Müller HW. Pharmacological modification of the extracellular matrix to promote regeneration of the injured brain and spinal cord. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2009; 175:269-81. [PMID: 19660662 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(09)17518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of the fibrous lesion scar as a major impediment for axonal regeneration in the injured central nervous system (CNS). We describe the appearance and complementary distribution of the glial and fibrous scar components in spinal cord lesions focusing on the morphology as well as on axon growth inhibitory molecular components accumulating in the collagenous and basement membrane-rich fibrous scar. We further report on the differential responses to fibrous scar of distinct fiber tracts in the injured spinal cord including the rubrospinal and corticospinal tracts as well as serotonergic, dopaminergic, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) systems. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies to suppress fibrous scarring in traumatic CNS injury with particular emphasis on a unique pharmacological treatment using iron chelators and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to inhibit collagen biosynthesis. The latter treatment has been shown to promote long-distance axon growth, retrograde protection of injured neurons, and significant functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brazda
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Fox MA, Ho MSP, Smyth N, Sanes JR. A synaptic nidogen: developmental regulation and role of nidogen-2 at the neuromuscular junction. Neural Dev 2008; 3:24. [PMID: 18817539 PMCID: PMC2567315 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-3-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The skeletal neuromuscular junction is a useful model for elucidating mechanisms that regulate synaptogenesis. Developmentally important intercellular interactions at the neuromuscular junction are mediated by the synaptic portion of a basal lamina that completely ensheaths each muscle fiber. Basal laminas in general are composed of four main types of glycosylated proteins: laminins, collagens IV, heparan sulfate proteoglycans and nidogens (entactins). The portion of the muscle fiber basal lamina that passes between the motor nerve terminal and postsynaptic membrane has been shown to bear distinct isoforms of the first three of these. For laminins and collagens IV, the proteins are deposited by the muscle; a synaptic proteoglycan, z-agrin, is deposited by the nerve. In each case, the synaptic isoform plays key roles in organizing the neuromuscular junction. Here, we analyze the fourth family, composed of nidogen-1 and -2. Results In adult muscle, nidogen-1 is present throughout muscle fiber basal lamina, while nidogen-2 is concentrated at synapses. Nidogen-2 is initially present throughout muscle basal lamina, but is lost from extrasynaptic regions during the first three postnatal weeks. Neuromuscular junctions in mutant mice lacking nidogen-2 appear normal at birth, but become topologically abnormal as they mature. Synaptic laminins, collagens IV and heparan sulfate proteoglycans persist in the absence of nidogen-2, suggesting the phenotype is not secondary to a general defect in the integrity of synaptic basal lamina. Further genetic studies suggest that synaptic localization of each of the four families of synaptic basal lamina components is independent of the other three. Conclusion All four core components of the basal lamina have synaptically enriched isoforms. Together, they form a highly specialized synaptic cleft material. Individually, they play distinct roles in the formation, maturation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Fox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Sudhakar A, Boosani CS. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by tumstatin: insights into signaling mechanisms and implications in cancer regression. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2731-9. [PMID: 18551250 PMCID: PMC7275098 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing tumors develop additional new blood vessels to meet the demand for adequate nutrients and oxygen, a process called angiogenesis. Cancer is a highly complex disease promoted by excess angiogenesis; interfering with this process poses for an attractive approach for controlling tumor growth. This hypothesis led to the identification of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors generated from type IV collagen, a major component of vascular basement membrane (VBM). Type IV collagen and the angiogenesis inhibitors derived from it are involved in complex roles, than just the molecular construction of basement membranes. Protease degradation of collagens in VBM occurs in various physiological and pathological conditions and produces several peptides. Some of these peptides are occupied in the regulation of functions conflicting from those of their original integral molecules. Tumstatin (alpha3(IV)NC1), a proteolytic C-terminal non-collagenous (NC1) domain from type IV collagen alpha3 chain has been highlighted recently because of its potential role in anti-angiogenesis, however its biological actions are not limited to these processes. alpha3(IV)NC1 inhibits proliferation by promoting endothelial cell apoptosis and suppresses diverse tumor angiogenesis, thus making it a potential candidate for future cancer therapy. The present review surveys the physiological functions of type IV collagen and discovery of alpha3(IV)NC1 as an antiangiogenic protein with a comprehensive overview of the knowledge gained by us towards understanding its signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akulapalli Sudhakar
- Cell Signaling and Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
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Martinek N, Shahab J, Saathoff M, Ringuette M. Haemocyte-derived SPARC is required for collagen-IV-dependent stability of basal laminae in Drosophila embryos. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1671-80. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SPARC is an evolutionarily conserved collagen-binding extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein whose morphogenetic contribution(s) to embryonic development remain elusive despite decades of research. We have therefore used Drosophila genetics to gain insight into the role of SPARC during embryogenesis. In Drosophila embryos, high levels of SPARC and other basal lamina components (such as network-forming collagen IV, laminin and perlecan) are synthesized and secreted by haemocytes, and assembled into basal laminae. A SPARC mutant was generated by P-element mutagenesis that is embryonic lethal because of multiple developmental defects. Whereas no differences in collagen IV immunostaining were observed in haemocytes between wild-type and SPARC-mutant embryos, collagen IV was not visible in basal laminae of SPARC-mutant embryos. In addition, the laminin network of SPARC-mutant embryos appeared fragmented and discontinuous by late embryogenesis. Transgenic expression of SPARC protein by haemocytes in SPARC-mutant embryos restored collagen IV and laminin continuity in basal laminae. However, transgenic expression of SPARC by neural cells failed to rescue collagen IV in basal laminae, indicating that the presence of collagen IV deposition requires SPARC expression by haemocytes. Our previous finding that haemocyte-derived SPARC protein levels are reduced in collagen-IV-mutant embryos and the observation that collagen-IV-mutant embryos showed a striking phenotypic similarity to SPARC-mutant embryos suggests a mutual dependence between these major basal laminae components during embryogenesis. Patterning defects and impaired condensation of the ventral nerve cord also resulted from the loss SPARC expression prior to haemocyte migration. Hence, SPARC is required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord during Drosophila embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Martinek
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Jaffer Shahab
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Manuela Saathoff
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Maurice Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
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Nakano K, Nagatsuka H, Tsujigiwa H, Gunduz M, Katase N, Siar CH, Kawakami T. Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Odontogenic Neoplasms and Their Physiological Counterparts. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.17.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hegtvedt AK, Zuniga JR, Rath EM. Peripheral sensory nerve regeneration with biodegradable materials and neurotropic factor. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2007; 14:117-32. [PMID: 18088615 DOI: 10.1016/s1042-3699(02)00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arden K Hegtvedt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Ohio State University, 305 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43218, USA
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Sudhakar A, Boosani CS. Signaling mechanisms of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors derived from type IV collagen. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2007; 1:217-26. [PMID: 19936090 PMCID: PMC2759143 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular basement membrane (VBM) derived molecules are regulators of certain biological activities such as cell growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is regulated by a systematic controlled balance between VBM derived antiangiogenic factors and proangiogenic growth factors. In the normal physiological state, equilibrium is maintained between the antiangiogenic and proangiogenic factors. The antiangiogenic factors (molecules), which are generated by the proteolytic cleavage of the VBM, include; α1 chain non-collagenous (NC1) domain of type XVIII collagen (endostatin) and the NC1 domains from the alpha chains of Type IV collagen considered as endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors. These collagen derived NC1 domains have a pivotal role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, thus making them attractive alternate candidates for cancer therapies. In this review we illustrate a comprehensive overview of the knowledge gained from the signaling mechanisms of Type IV collagen derived endogenous inhibitors in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akulapalli Sudhakar
- Cell Signaling and Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68132, USA.
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