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Krebs L, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Lesar A, Meddah R, Blouin M, Venema K, Chamberland J, Brisson G. Assessment of protein and phospholipid bioaccessibility in ultrafiltered buttermilk cheese using TIM-1 in vitro gastrointestinal methods. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114606. [PMID: 38945574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
To meet the high consumer demand, butter production has increased over the last few years. As a result, the buttermilk (BM) co-produced volumes require new ways of adding value, such as in cheese manufacturing. However, BM use in cheese milk negatively influences the cheesemaking process (e.g., altered coagulation properties) and the product's final quality (e.g., high moisture content). The concentration of BM by ultrafiltration (UF) could potentially facilitate its use in cheese manufacturing through an increased protein content while maintaining the milk salt balance. Simultaneously, little is known about the digestion of UF BM cheese. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impact of UF BM on cheese manufacture, its structure, and its behavior during in vitro digestion. A 2-fold UF concentrated BM was used for cheese manufacture (skim milk [SM] - control). Compositional, textural, and microstructural analyses of cheeses were first conducted. In a second step, the cheeses were fed into an in vitro TNO gastrointestinal digestion model (TIM-1) of the stomach and small intestine and protein and phospholipid (PL) bioaccessibility was studied. The results showed that UF BM cheese significantly differed from SM cheese regarding its composition, hardness (p < 0.05) and microstructure. However, in TIM-1, UF BM and SM cheeses showed similar digestion behavior as a percentage of protein and PL intake. Despite relatively more non-digested and non-absorbed PL in the ileum efflux of UF BM cheese, the initially higher PL concentration contributes to an enhanced nutritional value compared to SM cheese. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the bioaccessibility of proteins and PL from UF BM and SM cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Krebs
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksander Lesar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rihab Meddah
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maude Blouin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Chamberland
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Brisson
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Ariaee A, Salim M, Boyd BJ, Prestidge C, Joyce P. Montmorillonite restricts free fatty acid liberation and alters self-assembled structures formed during in vitro lipid digestion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:660-669. [PMID: 38991280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The global rise in obesity necessitates innovative weight loss strategies. Naturally occurring smectite clays, such as montmorillonite (MMT), offer promise due to their unique properties that interfere with free fatty acid (FFA) liberation, reducing systemic uptake. However, the mechanisms of MMT-FFA interactions and their implications for weight management are undefined. This study investigates these interactions by adding MMT (10 % w/w) to in vitro lipolysis media containing medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), and monitoring FFA liberation using pH-stat titration. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) observed time-dependent structural changes, while electron microscopy examined clay morphology during digestion. A 35 % reduction in FFA liberation occurred after 25 min of digestion with MCT + MMT, with digestion kinetics following a biphasic model driven by calcium soap formation. NTA revealed a 17-fold decrease in vesicular structures with MCT + MMT, and sSAXS highlighted a rapid lamellar phase evolution linked to calcium soap formation. This acceleration is attributed to MMT's adsorption to unionized FFAs via hydrogen bonding, supported by TEM images showing a decrease in d-spacing, indicating FFA intercalation is not the main adsorption mechanism. These findings highlight MMT's potential as a novel intervention for reducing dietary lipid absorption in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clive Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Kou X, Hong M, Pan F, Huang X, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Ke Q. Inhibitory effects of nobiletin-mediated interfacial instability of bile salt emulsified oil droplets on lipid digestion. Food Chem 2024; 444:138751. [PMID: 38412567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Previous lipase inhibitors studies mainly focus on the binding between inhibitors and lipase, ignoring the impact of inhibitors on the oil-water interface of lipid droplets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nobiletin (NBT) from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium on the oil-water interface properties and lipid digestion. Here, we found that NBT could destroy bile salt (BS)-stabilized lipid droplets and thus inhibited free fatty acid release, owing to the interaction between NBT and BS at the oil-water interface, and reducing the stability of the oil-water interface (the stability index decreased from 91.15 ± 2.6 % to 66.5 ± 3.6 %). Further, the molecular dynamics simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that NBT could combine with BS at oil-water interface through intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals force, and steric hindrance. These results suggest that the interfacial instability of NBT mediated BS emulsified oil droplets may be another pathway to inhibit lipid digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Kou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Min Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Fei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
| | - Qingran Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yunchong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Qinfei Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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Manca M, Zhang C, Vasconcelos de Melo Freire R, Scheffold F, Salentinig S. Single particle investigation of triolein digestion using optical manipulation, polarized video microscopy, and SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:1039-1046. [PMID: 37406476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Understanding how soft colloids, such as food emulsion droplets, transform based on their environment is critical for various applications, including drug and nutrient delivery and biotechnology. However, the mechanisms behind colloidal transformations within individual oil droplets still need to be better understood. EXPERIMENTS This study employs optical micromanipulation with microfluidics and polarized optical video microscopy to investigate the pancreatic lipase- and pH-triggered colloidal transformations in a single triolein droplet. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides complementary statistical insights and allows for detailed structural assignment. FINDINGS Optical video microscopy recorded the transformation of individual triolein emulsion droplets, with the smooth surface of these spherical particles becoming rough and the entire volume eventually being affected. The polarized microscopy revealed the coexistence of at least two distinct structures in a single particle during digestion, with their ratio and distribution altered by pH. The SAXS analysis assigned the optical anisotropy to emulsified inverse hexagonal- and multilamellar phases, coexisting with isotropic structures such as the micellar cubic phase. These results can help understand the phase transformations inside an emulsion droplet during triglyceride digestion and guide the design of advanced food emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Wang C, Dong C, Lu Y, Freeman K, Wang C, Guo M. Digestion behavior, in vitro and in vivo bioavailability of cannabidiol in emulsions stabilized by whey protein-maltodextrin conjugate: Impact of carrier oil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113154. [PMID: 36708645 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An emulsion delivery system may be affected significantly by oil phase composition in terms of digestion behavior and bioavailability of the delivered substance. In this study, emulsions loaded with cannabidiol (CBD) were prepared with medium chain triglyceride (MCT), long chain triglyceride (LCT) or MCT/LCT(1:1) as carrier oil and whey protein-maltodextrin conjugate as emulsifier, and the digestion behavior of emulsion and bioavailability of CBD were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The particle size of emulsions throughout the in vitro digestion process was in the order of MCT < MCT/LCT < LCT, and three emulsions showed consistent particle size changes: stable in oral phase, sharply increased in gastric phase, and decreased in small intestine. After intestinal digestion, about 90% of free fatty acids (FFA) was released in MCT emulsion, followed by MCT/LCT (76%) and then LCT (45%). CBD was degraded during gastrointestinal digestion and the transformation stability of CBD in oil phase was in the order of LCT > MCT/LCT > MCT. Although CBD had higher bioaccessibility in MCT and MCT/LCT emulsions, the bioavailability of CBD in LCT was the highest (43%), followed by MCT/LCT (39%), MCT (33%). In vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that MCT/LCT and LCT were more favorable for CBD transport and absorption. The results may provide useful information for the construction of delivery systems, protecting CBD molecules, and improving their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingcong Lu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kalev Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Cuina Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Gülmezoğlu E, Yıldız Türkyılmaz G, Karasulu HY. Preparation and evaluation of a lipid-based drug delivery system to ımprove valsartan oral bioavailability: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:727-736. [PMID: 36594276 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2164588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antihypertensive treatment reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with high mortality with hypertension. Valsartan is highly selective antihypertensive that is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, but its oral bioavailability is only 25%. It is absorbed from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract but is less soluble in this acidic environment. We aimed to develop a lipid-based formulation to produce a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for valsartan. Solubility studies were performed to identify the components of the SEDDS that provided the best dissolution of valsartan. Ternary phase diagrams were drawn using the titration method with oil, surfactants and co-surfactants in which valsartan was highly soluble, and microemulsion formulations with the highest area were determined. Characterization and in vitro release studies were performed to optimize the formulation. In vitro release profiles of commercial and SEDDS formulations showed the F2 formulation release rate increased at pH 1.2 fasted state simulated gastric fluid. After oral administration, plasma drug concentrations in rats indicate that the F2 formulation provided a 4.2-fold greater AUC for valsartan than the commercial formulaiton, resulting in an 8.5-fold greater Cmax. These findings suggest the F2 formulation increases valsartan solubility, resulting in an improved oral pharmacokinetic profile. According to the pharmacodynamic study, the F2 formulation is more effective than the commercial formulation in restoring systolic and diastolic blood pressure within a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Gülmezoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülbeyaz Yıldız Türkyılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center For Drug R&D and Pharmacokinetic Applications (Argefar), Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Yeşim Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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7
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Li X, Huang Q, Wang X, Zhang M, Quan S, Geng F, Chen H, Deng Q. Exploration of suitable in vitro simulated digestion model for lipid oxidation of flaxseed oil emulsion during digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5495-5501. [PMID: 35355275 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The INFOGEST model is a standardized general in vitro digestion study, but it cannot accurately simulate the fatty acid release process of lipids in the stomach and small intestine. In this study, the internationally universal INFOGEST 2019 was used as the basic model and flaxseed oil emulsion was used as the research object. In various improvement models, the effect of fatty acid release rate on the oxidation stability of flaxseed oil was assessed by adding rabbit stomach extract and changing the order of bile salts addition. RESULTS With the presence of rabbit gastric extract, flaxseed oil emulsion flocculation and coalescence in stomach were reduced, and the absolute value of ζ-potential increased. Moreover, the release rate of fatty acids in the small intestine increased by 12.14%. The amount of lipid oxidation product (i.e. hexanal) in the gastric and intestinal phases increased by 0.08 ppb. In addition, the fatty acid release rate in the small intestine phase increased by 5.85% and the hexanal content increased by 0.011 ppb in the digestion model of adding bile salts before adjusting the pH in the small intestine phase compared with the model of adjusting the pH first and then adding bile salts. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study will contribute to finding the most suitable static digestion model for simulating digestion and oxidation of lipid during lipid gastrointestinal digestion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingde Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintian Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Shuang Quan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
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Hamad S, Chen R, Zhou Z, Nasr P, Li YL, Rafiee Tari N, Rogers MA, Wright AJ. Palm Lipid Emulsion Droplet Crystallinity and Gastric Acid Stability in Relation to in vitro Bioaccessibility and in vivo Gastric Emptying. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940045. [PMID: 35938112 PMCID: PMC9355251 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is poorly understood how the physical state of emulsified triacylglycerol (TAG) alters colloidal behavior in the gastrointestinal tract to modulate lipid digestion and absorption. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects on fatty acid (FA) bioaccessibility using the dynamic TIM-1 in vitro digestion model and integrate the results with those from a human clinical study. Four 20% oil-in-water emulsions with overlapping particle size distributions contained either partially crystalline solid (palm stearin) or liquid (palm olein) lipid droplets at 37°C and either the colloidally acid-stable Tween 80 (2.2%) or acid-unstable Span 60 (2.5%) emulsifier. Experimental meals were fed to the TIM-1, and jejunal and ileal dialysates were analyzed over 6 h to measure free FA concentration. Cumulative FA bioaccessibility was significantly higher for the liquid stable emulsion compared to all others (p < 0.05), which did not differ (p > 0.05). Emulsified TAG physical state was associated with differences in overall bioaccessibility (higher for liquid state TAG) in the colloidally stable emulsions, but this difference was blunted in droplets susceptible to acidic flocculation. In contrast, human postprandial TAG concentrations did not differ significantly between the emulsions. The discrepancy may relate to differences in in vivo gastric emptying (GE) as evidenced by ultrasonography. When the in vivo differences in GE were accounted for in follow-up TIM-1 experiments, the findings aligned more closely. Cumulative FA bioaccessibility for the liquid stable emulsion no longer differed significantly from the other emulsions, and SU’s bioaccessibility was the lowest, consistent with the in vivo observations. This work highlights the potential for TAG physical state and colloidal stability to interactively alter behavior in the gastrointestinal tract with implications for FA absorption, and the importance of establishing and improving in vitro–in vivo correlations in food-nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Hamad
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Run Chen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zhitong Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Pedram Nasr
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Ling Li
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Niloufar Rafiee Tari
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda J. Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Amanda J. Wright,
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Cheng L, Ye A, Hemar Y, Singh H. Modification of the interfacial structure of droplet-stabilised emulsions during in vitro dynamic gastric digestion: Impact on in vitro intestinal lipid digestion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1286-1296. [PMID: 34758419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion behaviour of an oil-in-water emulsion with an interface consisting of nano-sized droplets coated with caseinate particles, referred to as a droplet-stabilised emulsion (DSE), was explored using the human gastric simulator and pH-stat models. A caseinate-particle-stabilised emulsion (PSE) was used as a control, with a similar droplet size distribution and the same composition as the DSE. The nanodroplet-stabilised interface of the DSE was preserved during the first 180 min of gastric digestion. During 240 min, the droplet sizes of the DSE and the PSE increased from 22.71 ± 1.14 to 63.34 ± 6.57 μm and from 17.98 ± 1.16 to 85.11 ± 9.35 μm respectively. The small droplet size of the DSE that was released from the gastric phase contributed to slightly higher total free fatty acid (FFA) release (56.18 ± 3.55%) than that from the PSE (49.4 ± 2.67%). The FFA release rate of the DSE (1.21 % min-1) was greater than that of the PSE (1.06 % min-1) during the first 30 min of small intestinal digestion; similar FFA release rates (0.5 µmol s-1 m-2 × 10-4) were obtained for both emulsions beyond 30 min of digestion. This study provides new information on lipid digestion using a novel interfacial layer that was stabilised with nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cheng
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Yacine Hemar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Heerup C, Ebbesen MF, Geng X, Madsen SF, Berthelsen R, Müllertz A. Effects of recombinant human gastric lipase and pancreatin during in vitro pediatric gastro-intestinal digestion. Food Funct 2021; 12:2938-2949. [PMID: 33710204 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to implement a gastric digestion step using recombinant human gastric lipase (rHGL) in an in vitro pediatric gastro-intestinal digestion model to achieve a physiologically relevant gastric contribution to total gastro-intestinal lipid digestion. A commercial infant formula (NAN Comfort stage 1 (NAN1)) with 3.4% lipid and an in-lab prepared oil-in-water emulsion, emulsified with soy phosphatidylcholine (SPCemul), with 3.5% lipid (oil-blend containing Akonino NS, MEG-3 and ARASCO oils) were subjected to in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. To achieve a physiologically relevant level of gastric digestion, 50 min of in vitro gastric digestion, using either 0, 3.75 or 7.5 TBU mL-1 rHGL, was followed by 90 min of in vitro intestinal digestion, using either 0 or 26.5 TBU mL-1 pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) from porcine pancreatin. The digestion of the substrates was assessed using titration-based quantification supported by HPLC-ELSD analysis. In vitro gastric digestion of NAN1 and SPCemul with either 3.75 or 7.5 TBU mL-1 rHGL contributed with 10-27% of the total gastro-intestinal digestion, corresponding to the reported contribution in human infants. At the end of the gastro-intestinal digestion (t = 140 min), the combined lipolytic effect of rHGL and PTL was additive during digestion of SPCemul, but not for the digestion of NAN1, as all lipase activity combinations resulted in a similar degree of NAN1 digestion. The effect of gastric digestion with rHGL on total digestion therefore appeared to be substrate dependent. To conclude, a gastric digestion step using rHGL resulting in physiologically relevant gastric contribution to the observed gastro-intestinal digestion was successfully implemented into an in vitro pediatric gastro-intestinal digestion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Heerup
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Comparison of Different Protein Emulsifiers on Physicochemical Properties of β-Carotene-Loaded Nanoemulsion: Effect on Formation, Stability, and In Vitro Digestion. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010167. [PMID: 33440816 PMCID: PMC7826833 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, β-carotene-loaded nanoemulsions are emulsified using four biomacromolecular proteins-peanut protein isolate (PPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), rice bran protein isolate (RBPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI)-in order to explore their emulsion stability and in vitro digestion characteristics. All four nanoemulsions attained high encapsulation levels (over 90%). During the three-stage in vitro digestion model (including oral, gastric, and small intestine digestion phases), the PPI-emulsified nanoemulsion showed the highest lipolysis rates (117.39%) and bioaccessibility (37.39%) among the four nanoemulsions. Moreover, the PPI-emulsified nanoemulsion (with the smallest droplet size) also demonstrated the highest stability during storage and centrifugation, while those for the RBPI-emulsified nanoemulsion (with the largest droplet size) were the lowest. In addition, all four nanoemulsions showed superior oxidation stability when compared with the blank control of corn oil. The oxidation rates of the PPI- and WPI-stabilized groups were slower than the other two groups.
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12
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Hempt C, Gontsarik M, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Hirsch C, Salentinig S. Nanostructure generation during milk digestion in presence of a cell culture model simulating the small intestine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:430-440. [PMID: 32344233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The development of advanced oral delivery systems for bioactive compounds requires the fundamental understanding of the digestion process within the gastrointestinal tract. Towards this goal, dynamic invitro digestion models, capable of characterising the molecular as well as colloidal aspects of food, together with their biological interactions with relevant invitro cell culture models, are essential. EXPERIMENTS In this study, we demonstrate a novel digestion model that combines flow-through time resolved small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with an invitro Caco-2/HT-29 cell co-culture model that also contained a mucus layer. This set-up allows the dynamic insitu characterisation of colloidal structures and their transport across a viable intestinal cell layer during simulated digestion. FINDINGS An integrated online SAXS - invitro cell co-culture model was developed and applied to study the digestion of nature's own emulsion, milk. The impact of the invitro cell culture on the digestion-triggered formation and evolution of highly ordered nanostructures in milk is demonstrated. Reported is also the crucial role of the mucus layer on top of the cell layer, protecting the cells from degradation by digestive juice components such as lipase. The novel model can open unique possibilities for the dynamic investigation of colloidal structure formation during lipid digestion and their effect on the uptake of bioactive molecules by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Gontsarik
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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13
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Dhawan V, Sutariya B, Lokras A, Thamm J, Saraf M, Warawdekar U, Fahr A, Nagarsenker M. Lipid nanoconstructs for superior hepatoprotection: In vitro assessments as predictive tool for in vivo translation. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Bellesi FA, Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa VM, Pilosof A. Lipolysis of soy protein and HPMC mixed emulsion as modulated by interfacial competence of emulsifiers. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Marefati A, Wiege B, Abdul Hadi N, Dejmek P, Rayner M. In vitro intestinal lipolysis of emulsions based on starch granule Pickering stabilization. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Jo M, Ban C, Goh KK, Choi YJ. Influence of chitosan-coating on the stability and digestion of emulsions stabilized by waxy maize starch crystals. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Nie M, Zhang Z, Liu C, Li D, Huang W, Liu C, Jiang N. Hesperetin and Hesperidin Improved β-Carotene Incorporation Efficiency, Intestinal Cell Uptake, and Retinoid Concentrations in Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3363-3371. [PMID: 30827104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary constituents can influence the bioavailability of carotenoids. This study investigated the effect of citrus flavanones on β-carotene (Bc) bioavailability using four experimental models: in vitro digestion procedure, synthetic mixed micelles, Caco-2 cell monolayers, and gavage experiments in mice. The addition of hesperetin (Hes, 25 μM) and hesperidin (Hes-G, 25 μM) standards significantly increased the incorporation efficiency of the Bc standard to 68.7 ± 3.6 and 75.2 ± 7.5% ( p < 0.05), respectively. However, the addition of naringenin (Nar, 25 μM) and naringin (Nar-G, 25 μM) standards significantly reduced the incorporation efficiency of Bc by 23.8 and 26.4%, respectively ( p < 0.05). The increases in scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression promoted by citrus flavanones played an important role in Bc cellular absorption in the Caco-2 cell model. Furthermore, after 3 days of gavage, four citrus flavanones (7.5 mg kg-1 day-1) increased the retinoid concentrations in tissues; in contrast, after 7 days of gavage, Nar and Nar-G significantly decreased hepatic retinoid concentrations ( p < 0.05). This finding suggested that the incorporation efficiency into micelles was the main step governing carotenoid bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Botany , Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunju Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Reprint of "Postprandial lipemia and fecal fat excretion in rats is affected by the calcium content and type of milk fat present in Cheddar-type cheeses". Food Res Int 2019; 118:65-71. [PMID: 30898354 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of calcium on the bioavailability of milk lipids from a cheese matrix using a rat model. Cheddar-type cheeses were manufactured with one of three types of anhydrous milk fat, control, olein or stearin, and salted with or without CaCl2. The cheeses were fed to rats and postprandial lipemia was monitored. Feces were analyzed to quantify fatty acids excreted as calcium soaps. Higher calcium concentration in cheese caused a higher and faster triacylglycerol peak in blood, except for cheeses containing stearin. Furthermore, calcium soaps were more abundant in feces when the ingested cheese had been enriched with calcium and when the cheese was prepared with stearin. Increased lipid excretion was attributable to the affinity of saturated long-chain fatty acids for calcium. Results showed that lipid bioaccessibility can be regulated by calcium present in Cheddar cheese. This study highlights the nutritional interaction between calcium and lipids present in the dairy matrix and confirms its physiological repercussions on fatty acid bioavailability.
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19
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Wang X, Lin Q, Ye A, Han J, Singh H. Flocculation of oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by milk protein ingredients under gastric conditions: Impact on in vitro intestinal lipid digestion. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Joyce P, Gustafsson H, Prestidge CA. Engineering intelligent particle-lipid composites that control lipase-mediated digestion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 260:1-23. [PMID: 30119842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured particle-lipid composites have emerged as state-of-the-art carrier systems for poorly water-soluble bioactive molecules due to their ability to control and enhance the lipase-mediated hydrolysis of encapsulated triglycerides, leading to a subsequent improvement in the solubilisation and absorption of encapsulated species. The first generation of particle-lipid composites (i.e. silica-lipid hybrid (SLH) microparticles) were designed and fabricated by spray drying a silica nanoparticle-stabilised Pickering emulsion, to create a novel three-dimensional architecture, whereby lipid droplets were encapsulated within a porous matrix support. The development of SLH microparticles has acted as a solid foundation for the synthesis of several next generation particle-lipid composites, including polymer-lipid hybrid (PLH) and clay-lipid hybrid systems (CLH), which present lipase with unique lipid microenvironments for optimised lipolysis. This review details the methods utilised to engineer lipid hybrid particles and the strategic investigations that have been performed to determine the influence of key material characteristics on digestion enzyme activity. In doing so, this provides insight into manipulating the mechanism of lipase action through the intelligent design of lipid-based biomaterials for their use in drug delivery formulations and novel functional foods.
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21
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Dolci LS, Passerini N. Spray congealed lipid microparticles for the local delivery of β-galactosidase to the small intestine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:1-10. [PMID: 30176285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral local delivery of therapeutic biologics is generally limited due to the multiple obstacles of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mainly represented by acidic stomach pH and digestive enzymes. In the present study, spray congealing was used to prepare solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) loaded with β-galactosidase (lactase), an enzyme used for the treatment of lactose intolerance, to achieve a local drug delivery to the small intestine. Lactase was characterized in terms of activity at different pH, kinetic parameters and proteolytic degradation by digestive enzymes. Then, five lipid excipients were used to prepare unloaded SLMs, which were tested regarding lipase-induced digestion. The lipid with the best performance (glyceryl trimyristate) was used to prepare lactase-loaded SLMs. Spray congealed SLMs were spherical with very good encapsulation efficiency (>95%). The ability of the SLMs to protect the enzyme from the degradation in gastric environment was correlated with the particle size and the best formulation preserved the lactase activity up to 70%. Lactase was promptly released in simulated intestinal environment, and an in vitro positive food effect was observed. The present study demonstrated the potential of spray congealing for the preparation of solid lipid formulations able to achieve local oral delivery of a biologic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Stella Dolci
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Joyce P, Gustafsson H, Prestidge CA. Enhancing the lipase-mediated bioaccessibility of omega-3 fatty acids by microencapsulation of fish oil droplets within porous silica particles. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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23
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Scheuble N, Schaffner J, Schumacher M, Windhab EJ, Liu D, Parker H, Steingoetter A, Fischer P. Tailoring Emulsions for Controlled Lipid Release: Establishing in vitro-in Vivo Correlation for Digestion of Lipids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17571-17581. [PMID: 29708724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of oil-in-water emulsions for controlled lipid release is of interest to the pharmaceutical industry in the development of poorly water soluble drugs and also has gained major interest in the treatment of obesity. In this study, we focus on the relevant in vitro parameters reflecting gastric and intestinal digestion steps to reach a reliable in vitro-in vivo correlation for lipid delivery systems. We found that (i) gastric lipolysis determines early lipid release and sensing. This was mainly influenced by the emulsion stabilization mechanism. (ii) Gastric mucin influences the structure of charge-stabilized emulsion systems in the stomach, leading to destabilization or gel formation, which is supported by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers. (iii) The precursor structures of these emulsions modulate intestinal lipolysis kinetics in vitro, which is reflected in plasma triglyceride and cholecystokinin concentrations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Scheuble
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Joschka Schaffner
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schumacher
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Erich J Windhab
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Dian Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering , University Zurich and ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Helen Parker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University Hospital Zurich , 8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Steingoetter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering , University Zurich and ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University Hospital Zurich , 8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Peter Fischer
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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24
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Fardet A, Dupont D, Rioux LE, Turgeon SL. Influence of food structure on dairy protein, lipid and calcium bioavailability: A narrative review of evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1987-2010. [PMID: 29393659 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1435503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Beyond nutrient composition matrix plays an important role on food health potential, notably acting on the kinetics of nutrient release, and finally on their bioavailability. This is particularly true for dairy products that present both solid (cheeses), semi-solid (yogurts) and liquid (milks) matrices. The main objective of this narrative review has been to synthesize available data in relation with the impact of physical structure of main dairy matrices on nutrient bio-accessibility, bioavailability and metabolic effects, in vitro, in animals and in humans. Focus has been made on dairy nutrients the most studied, i.e., proteins, lipids and calcium. Data collected show different kinetics of bioavailability of amino acids, fatty acids and calcium according to the physicochemical parameters of these matrices, including compactness, hardness, elasticity, protein/lipid ratio, P/Ca ratio, effect of ferments, size of fat globules, and possibly other qualitative parameters yet to be discovered. This could be of great interest for the development of innovative dairy products for older populations, sometimes in protein denutrition or with poor dentition, involving the development of dairy matrices with optimized metabolic effects by playing on gastric retention time and thus on the kinetics of release of the amino acids within bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- a Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne , F Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Didier Dupont
- b Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) , Rennes , France
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- c STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval , Québec City , Qc , Canada
| | - Sylvie L Turgeon
- c STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval , Québec City , Qc , Canada
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25
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Emulsions as delivery systems for gamma and delta tocotrienols: Formation, properties and simulated gastrointestinal fate. Food Res Int 2018; 105:570-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Ayala-Bribiesca E, Turgeon SL, Pilon G, Marette A, Britten M. Postprandial lipemia and fecal fat excretion in rats is affected by the calcium content and type of milk fat present in Cheddar-type cheeses. Food Res Int 2018; 107:589-595. [PMID: 29580523 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of calcium on the bioavailability of milk lipids from a cheese matrix using a rat model. Cheddar-type cheeses were manufactured with one of three types of anhydrous milk fat, control, olein or stearin, and salted with or without CaCl2. The cheeses were fed to rats and postprandial lipemia was monitored. Feces were analyzed to quantify fatty acids excreted as calcium soaps. Higher calcium concentration in cheese caused a higher and faster triacylglycerol peak in blood, except for cheeses containing stearin. Furthermore, calcium soaps were more abundant in feces when the ingested cheese had been enriched with calcium and when the cheese was prepared with stearin. Increased lipid excretion was attributable to the affinity of saturated long-chain fatty acids for calcium. Results showed that lipid bioaccessibility can be regulated by calcium present in Cheddar cheese. This study highlights the nutritional interaction between calcium and lipids present in the dairy matrix and confirms its physiological repercussions on fatty acid bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ayala-Bribiesca
- STELA Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, G1V 0A6 Quebec City, QC, Canada; Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, J2S 8E3 Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie L Turgeon
- STELA Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, G1V 0A6 Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- STELA Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, G1V 0A6 Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre - Université Laval, 2725 Sainte-Foy, G1V 4G5 Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- STELA Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, G1V 0A6 Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre - Université Laval, 2725 Sainte-Foy, G1V 4G5 Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Britten
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, J2S 8E3 Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
AIM To confidently determine lipid-based biomarkers, it is important to minimize variation introduced during preanalytical steps. We evaluated reducing variation associated with lipid measurements in invertebrate sentinel species using a state-of-the-art heat treatment technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Earthworms (Eisenia fetida), house crickets (Acheta domestica) and ghost shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) were euthanized either by flash freezing or heat treatment. For both experiments, samples were either immediately extracted after removal from -80°C storage or incubated on ice for one hour prior to sample weighing and extraction. Lipidomics was performed on resulting extracts using liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. LipidMatch and LipidSearch were used for lipid identification. RESULTS Lipid enzymatic products (e.g., phosphatidylmethanols, diglycerides, lysoglycerophospholipids and ether-linked/oxidized lysoglycerophospholipids), were in higher concentrations in flash-frozen samples, when compared with heat-treated samples. Results suggest that heat treatment reduces phospholipase A and phospholipase D activity. CONCLUSION Heat treatment reduced enzymatic products and increased precursors of these enzymatic products. We believe heat treatment warrants a closer interrogation for improving the robustness of lipid biomarker research, especially in tissue samples, where enzyme stabilizers are difficult to apply, and for use in field studies, where the stabilization of the collected sample is critical.
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28
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Lin Q, Liang R, Ye A, Singh H, Zhong F. Effects of calcium on lipid digestion in nanoemulsions stabilized by modified starch: Implications for bioaccessibility of β -carotene. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Arancibia C, Miranda M, Matiacevich S, Troncoso E. Physical properties and lipid bioavailability of nanoemulsion-based matrices with different thickening agents. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Relationship between cellulose chemical substitution, structure and fat digestion in o/w emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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McIntyre I, O Sullivan M, O Riordan D. Altering the level of calcium changes the physical properties and digestibility of casein-based emulsion gels. Food Funct 2017; 8:1641-1651. [PMID: 28304022 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Casein-based emulsion gels prepared with different types of lipid (i.e. milk fat or rapeseed oil) were formulated with high (774 mg Ca per 100 g) or low (357 mg Ca per 100 g) calcium levels by blending acid and rennet casein. Their physicochemical characteristics (i.e. composition, texture, microstructure & water mobility) and in vitro digestibility were compared to conventionally formulated high-calcium (723 mg Ca per 100 g) emulsion gels made from rennet casein with calcium chelating salts (CCS). CCS-free, high-calcium emulsion gels were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) softer than those with low calcium levels (possibly due to their shorter manufacture time and higher pH) and showed the highest rates of disintegration during simulated gastric digestion. Despite having a higher moisture to protein ratio, the high-calcium emulsion gels containing CCS had broadly similar hardness values to those of high-calcium concentration prepared without CCS, but had higher cohesiveness. The high-calcium matrices containing CCS had quite a different microstructure and increased water mobility compared to those made without CCS and showed the slowest rate (p ≤ 0.05) of disintegration in the gastric environment. Gastric resistance was not affected by the type of lipid phase. Conversely, fatty acid release was similar for all emulsion gels prepared from milk fat, however, high-calcium emulsion gels (CCS-free) prepared from rapeseed oil showed higher lipolysis. Results suggest that food matrix physical properties can be modified to alter resistance to gastric degradation which may have consequences for the kinetics of nutrient release and delivery of bioactives sensitive to the gastric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene McIntyre
- Food for Health Ireland, UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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32
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Development of an in vitro mechanical gastric system (IMGS) with realistic peristalsis to assess lipid digestibility. Food Res Int 2016; 90:216-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Nanostructuring Biomaterials with Specific Activities towards Digestive Enzymes for Controlled Gastrointestinal Absorption of Lipophilic Bioactive Molecules. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 237:52-75. [PMID: 28314428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the development of novel lipid-based biomaterials that modulate fat digestion for the enhanced uptake of encapsulated lipophilic bioactive compounds (e.g. drugs and vitamins). Specific focus is directed towards analysing how key material characteristics affect the biological function of digestive lipases and manipulate lipolytic digestion. The mechanism of lipase action is a complex, interfacial process, whereby hydrolysis can be controlled by the ability for lipase to access and adsorb to the lipid-in-water interface. However, significant conjecture exists within the literature regarding parameters that influence the activities of digestive lipases. Important findings from recent investigations that strategically examined the interplay between the interfacial composition of the lipid microenvironment and lipolysis kinetics in simulated biophysical environments are presented. The correlation between lipolysis and the rate of solubilisation and absorption of lipophilic compounds in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is detailed. Greater insights into the mechanism of lipase action have provided a new approach for designing colloidal carriers that orally deliver poorly soluble compounds, directly impacting the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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35
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van Leusden P, den Hartog GJM, Bast A, Postema M, van der Linden E, Sagis LMC. Structure engineering of filled protein microbeads to tailor release of oil droplets in gastric digestion. Food Funct 2016; 7:3539-47. [PMID: 27458022 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil-soluble components can be encapsulated in an O/W1/W2 microsystem, in which they are dissolved in oil droplets dispersed in a gelled microbead (W1), which forms a barrier between the oil droplets and the aqueous continuous phase (W2). We investigated the rate and mechanism of breakdown of protein microbeads in a simulated gastric system, and studied the influence of microbead protein concentration, gelling method (cold-set, slow and fast heat-set), and further processing (freeze-drying), on the breakdown process. Breakdown rate decreased with increasing protein content of the beads, for the same method of production. Due to the porosity of the slowly-heated heat-set beads, breakdown occurred evenly throughout the entire bead. Cold-set microbeads of 10% protein broke down slightly slower than the heat-set microbeads of 15%. The denser surface of the 10% beads slowed down the diffusion of the enzymes into the bead's interior, causing the beads to be broken down from the outside inward. All these beads broke down within one hour. Increasing the rate of temperature increase during the heating step dramatically slowed breakdown. There was no significant breakdown of rapidly heated beads within 138 minutes, even though no difference in microstructure between rapidly and slowly heated beads was visible with electron microscopy. Freeze-drying of the beads also slowed their breakdown. After 132 minutes more than half the measured particle volume of were intact beads. Freeze-drying changed the microstructure of the beads irreversibly: rehydrating the dried beads did not result in a breakdown behaviour similar to that of unprocessed beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Leusden
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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36
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Joyce P, Kempson I, Prestidge CA. Orientating lipase molecules through surface chemical control for enhanced activity: A QCM-D and ToF-SIMS investigation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:173-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Dynamic modeling of in vitro lipid digestion: Individual fatty acid release and bioaccessibility kinetics. Food Chem 2016; 194:1180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Norton JE, Gonzalez Espinosa Y, Watson RL, Spyropoulos F, Norton IT. Functional food microstructures for macronutrient release and delivery. Food Funct 2016; 6:663-78. [PMID: 25553863 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to understand the role of fat, protein and carbohydrate in human health, and also how foods containing and/or structured using these macronutrients can be designed so that they can have a positive impact on health. This may include a reduction in fat, salt or sugar, the protection and targeted release of micronutrients or active ingredients from/to particular parts of the digestive system, improvement of gastrointestinal health or satiety enhancing properties. Such foods can be designed with various macro- and microstructures that will impact on macronutrient release and delivery. These include simple and double emulsions, the use of Pickering particles and shells, nanoparticles, liposomes, gelled networks, fluid gels and gel particles, foams, self-assembled structures, and encapsulated systems. In order to design foods that deliver these benefits understanding of how these structures behave in the gastrointestinal tract is also required, which should involve utilising both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review aims to draw together research in these areas, by focusing on the current state of the art, but also exciting possibilities for future research and food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Norton
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
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39
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Bellesi FA, Martinez MJ, Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa VM, Pilosof AM. Comparative behavior of protein or polysaccharide stabilized emulsion under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Zarai Z, Balti R, Sila A, Ben Ali Y, Gargouri Y. Helix aspersa gelatin as an emulsifier and emulsion stabilizer: functional properties and effects on pancreatic lipolysis. Food Funct 2016; 7:326-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00963d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are widely used in food and pharmaceutical applications for the encapsulation, solubilization, entrapment, and controlled delivery of active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Zarai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases
- National School of Engineers of Sfax
- University of Sfax
- 3038 Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Rafik Balti
- Enzymes & Bioconversion Unit
- National School of Engineers of Sfax
- University of Sfax
- 3038 Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Assaâd Sila
- Enzymes & Bioconversion Unit
- National School of Engineers of Sfax
- University of Sfax
- 3038 Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Yassine Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases
- National School of Engineers of Sfax
- University of Sfax
- 3038 Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases
- National School of Engineers of Sfax
- University of Sfax
- 3038 Sfax
- Tunisia
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41
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Emulsion oil droplet size significantly affects satiety: A pre-ingestive approach. Appetite 2016; 96:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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42
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Targeting Immunomodulatory Agents to the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. NEURO-IMMUNO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123898 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to fluid haemostasis and lipid absorption, the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissues serve as the major host of immune cells where immune responses are evoked. Impaired function of the immune system might lead to serious diseases which are often treated by immunomodulators. This chapter briefly explores the physiology of an important part of the lymphatic system, the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Currently used strategies for targeting GALT by immunomodulators for enhanced activity and/or decreased side effects are discussed. Strategies range from simple oral co-administration of immunomodulators with lipids to more advanced lipid-based formulations, polymer-based nanoparticle formulations and prodrugs. These targeting approaches successfully increase the concentration of immunomodulators achieved in the GALT and, more importantly, enhance immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, targeting immunomodulators to GALT represent a promising approach in the treatment of diseases where the immune system is actively involved.
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43
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Qi JF, Jia CH, Shin JA, Woo JM, Wang XY, Park JT, Hong ST, Lee KT. Effect of Acylglycerol Composition and Fatty Acyl Chain Length on Lipid Digestion in pH-Stat Digestion Model and Simulated In Vitro Digestion Model. J Food Sci 2015; 81:C317-23. [PMID: 26720174 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a pH-stat digestion model and a simulated in vitro digestion model were employed to evaluate the digestion degree of lipids depending on different acylglycerols and acyl chain length (that is, diacylglycerol [DAG] compared with soybean oil representing long-chain triacylglycerol compared with medium-chain triacylglycerol [MCT]). In the pH-stat digestion model, differences were observed among the digestion degrees of 3 oils using digestion rate (k), digestion half-time (t1/2 ), and digestion extent (Φmax). The results showed the digestion rate order was MCT > soybean oil > DAG. Accordingly, the order of digestion half-times was MCT < soybean oil < DAG. In simulated in vitro digestion model, digestion rates (k') and digestion half-times (t'1/2 ) were also obtained and the results showed a digestion rate order of MCT (k' = 0.068 min(-1) ) > soybean oil (k' = 0.037 min(-1) ) > DAG (k' = 0.024 min(-1) ). Consequently, the order of digestion half-times was MCT (t'1/2 = 10.20 min) < soybean oil (t'1/2 = 18.74 min) < DAG (t'1/2 = 29.08 min). The parameters obtained using the 2 models showed MCT was digested faster than soybean oil, and that soybean oil was digested faster than DAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin F Qi
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea.,Sericultural Research Inst., Chinese Acad. of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Univ. of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Cai H Jia
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jung A Shin
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jeong M Woo
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Xiang Y Wang
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jong T Park
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Soon T Hong
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - K-T Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National Univ, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
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44
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Role of structural barriers for carotenoid bioaccessibility upon high pressure homogenization. Food Chem 2015; 199:423-32. [PMID: 26775991 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A specific approach to investigate the effect of high pressure homogenization on the carotenoid bioaccessibility in tomato-based products was developed. Six different tomato-based model systems were reconstituted in order to target the specific role of the natural structural barriers (chromoplast substructure/cell wall) and of the phases (soluble/insoluble) in determining the carotenoid bioaccessibility and viscosity changes upon high pressure homogenization. Results indicated that in the absence of natural structural barriers (carotenoid enriched oil), the soluble and insoluble phases determined the carotenoid bioaccessibility upon processing whereas, in their presence, these barriers governed the bioaccessibility. Furthermore, it was shown that the increment of the viscosity upon high pressure homogenization is determined by the presence of insoluble phase, however, this result was related to the initial ratio of the soluble:insoluble phases in the system. In addition, no relationship between the changes in viscosity and carotenoid bioaccessibility upon high pressure homogenization was found.
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45
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McClements DJ, Zou L, Zhang R, Salvia-Trujillo L, Kumosani T, Xiao H. Enhancing Nutraceutical Performance Using Excipient Foods: Designing Food Structures and Compositions to Increase Bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass 01003 U.S.A
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Univ; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Laura Salvia-Trujillo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Taha Kumosani
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Univ; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hang Xiao
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass 01003 U.S.A
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46
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Joyce P, Kempson I, Prestidge CA. QCM-D and ToF-SIMS Investigation to Deconvolute the Relationship between Lipid Adsorption and Orientation on Lipase Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10198-10207. [PMID: 26340506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were used to provide insights into the relationship between lipid adsorption kinetics and molecular behavior in porous silica particles of varying hydrophobicities on lipase activity. Lipase (an interfacial enzyme that cleaves ester bonds to break down lipids to fatty acids and monoglycerides) activity was controlled by loading triglycerides at different surface coverages in hydrophilic and hydrophobic porous silica particles. The rate of lipid adsorption increased 2-fold for the hydrophobic surface compared to the hydrophilic surface. However, for submonolayer lipid coverage, the hydrophilic surface enhanced lipase activity 4-fold, whereas the hydrophobic surface inhibited lipase activity 16-fold, compared to lipid droplets in water. A difference in lipid orientation for low surface coverage, evidenced by ToF-SIMS, indicated that lipid adsorbs to hydrophilic silica in a conformation promoting hydrolysis. Multilayer coverage on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces was indistinguishable with ToF-SIMS analysis. Increased lipid adsorption for both substrates facilitated digestion kinetics comparable to a conventional emulsion. Improved understanding of the interfacial adsorption and orientation of lipid and its digestibility in porous silica has implications in improving the uptake of pharmaceuticals and nutrients from lipid-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joyce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Playford Building P4-04, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Playford Building P4-04, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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47
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Mathiassen JH, Nejrup RG, Frøkiaer H, Nilsson Å, Ohlsson L, Hellgren LI. Emulsifying triglycerides with dairy phospholipids instead of soy lecithin modulates gut lipase activity. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanne Frøkiaer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Åke Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science; Division of Medicine; Lund University Hospital; Sweden
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Science; Division of Medicine; Lund University Hospital; Sweden
| | - Lars I. Hellgren
- Department of Systems Biology; Technical University of Denmark; Denmark
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48
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Joyce P, Whitby CP, Prestidge CA. Bioactive Hybrid Particles from Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticle Stabilized Lipid Droplets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17460-70. [PMID: 26181279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable and bioactive hybrid particles composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles and medium-chain triglycerides were prepared by spray drying lipid-in-water emulsions stabilized by PLGA nanoparticles, to form PLGA-lipid hybrid (PLH) microparticles approximately 5 μm in mean diameter. The nanoparticle stabilizer was varied and mannitol was also incorporated during the preparation to investigate the effect of stabilizer charge and cryoprotectant content on the particle microstructure. An in vitro lipolysis model was used to demonstrate the particles' bioactivity by manipulating the digestion kinetics of encapsulated lipid by pancreatic lipase in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Lipid digestion kinetics were enhanced in PLH and PLGA-lipid-mannitol hybrid (PLMH) microparticles for both stabilizers, compared to a coarse emulsion, in biorelevant media. An optimal digestion rate was observed for the negatively charged PLMH system, evidenced by a 2-fold increase in the pseudo-first-order rate constant compared to a coarse emulsion. Improved microparticle redispersion, probed by dual dye confocal fluorescence microscopy, increased the available surface area of lipid for lipase adsorption, enhancing digestion kinetics. Thereby, lipase action was controlled in hybrid microparticles by altering the surface charge and carbohydrate content. Our results demonstrate that bioactive microparticles composed of versatile and biodegradable polymeric particles and oil droplets have great potential for use in smart food and nutrient delivery, as well as safer and more efficacious oral delivery of drugs and drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joyce
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Catherine P Whitby
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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49
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Benito-Gallo P, Franceschetto A, Wong JC, Marlow M, Zann V, Scholes P, Gershkovich P. Chain length affects pancreatic lipase activity and the extent and pH–time profile of triglyceride lipolysis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:353-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Grundy MML, Wilde PJ, Butterworth PJ, Gray R, Ellis PR. Impact of cell wall encapsulation of almonds on in vitro duodenal lipolysis. Food Chem 2015; 185:405-12. [PMID: 25952886 PMCID: PMC4430076 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microstructure controlled rate and extent of in vitro lipolysis in almonds. Lipolysis methods using pH-stat and GC analysis were in good agreement. Increasing lipid bioaccessibility led to increased levels of digestibility. Almond cell walls restrict lipid release, thus hindering digestion kinetics.
Although almonds have a high lipid content, their consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. One explanation for this paradox could be limited bioaccessibility of almond lipids due to the cell wall matrix acting as a physical barrier to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to measure the rate and extent of lipolysis in an in vitro duodenum digestion model, using raw and roasted almond materials with potentially different degrees of bioaccessibility. The results revealed that a decrease in particle size led to an increased rate and extent of lipolysis. Particle size had a crucial impact on lipid bioaccessibility, since it is an indicator of the proportion of ruptured cells in the almond tissue. Separated almond cells with intact cell walls showed the lowest levels of digestibility. This study underlines the importance of the cell wall for modulating lipid uptake and hence the positive health benefits underlying almond consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M L Grundy
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Peter J Wilde
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Peter J Butterworth
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Robert Gray
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Peter R Ellis
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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